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Zheng Y, An H, Qi J, Li J. Recent progress in thiocarbazone metal complexes for cancer therapy via mitochondrial signalling pathway. Front Chem 2024; 12:1424022. [PMID: 38873408 PMCID: PMC11169589 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1424022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells and are important targets for the development of novel tumour treatment strategies owing to their involvement in processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic programming. Thiosemicarbazone metal complexes target mitochondria and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential. The breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential is a key event in the early stage of apoptosis, which releases cytochrome C and other pro-apoptotic factors, activates the intracellular apoptotic enzyme cascade, and eventually causes irreversible apoptosis of tumour cells. Thiosemicarbazone metal complexes targeting the mitochondria have recently emerged as potential antitumour agents; therefore, this review describes the structural diversity of thiosemicarbazone metal [Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Ga(III), Pb(II), Au(III), and Ir(III)] complexes and explores their anti-tumour mechanisms that target mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zheng
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Hangyi An
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
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Jiang Q, Tang Y, Hu Q, Wang B, Ruan X, Zhou Q. Discovery of novel itaconimide-based derivatives as potent HDAC inhibitors for the efficient treatment of prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116315. [PMID: 38503167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that play important roles in the development and progression of cancers. Inhibition of HDACs has been widely studied as a therapeutic strategy in the development of anticancer drugs. However, developing HDAC inhibitors that are effective for solid tumors remains a great challenge. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of itaconimide-based derivatives as potent HDAC inhibitors. Among them, compound 17q exhibited potent inhibition of HDAC1/2/3/6, with good antiproliferative activity in vitro and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 17q significantly inhibited tumor growth in a DU145 xenograft tumor model and showed no obvious toxicity. Moreover, when 17q was combined with other prostate cancer therapeutics, outstanding synergistic effects were observed and the toxic side effects of DTX were reduced. Overall, based on the data, these inhibitors may offer promising new targeted therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yujiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiuqin Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ledwoń P, Goldeman W, Hałdys K, Jewgiński M, Calamai G, Rossowska J, Papini AM, Rovero P, Latajka R. Tripeptides conjugated with thiosemicarbazones: new inhibitors of tyrosinase for cosmeceutical use. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2193676. [PMID: 37146256 PMCID: PMC10165932 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2193676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of skin-care products is recently growing. Cosmetic formulas containing active ingredients with proven efficacy, namely cosmeceuticals, are based on various compounds, including peptides. Different whitening agents featuring anti-tyrosinase activity have been applied in the cosmeceutical field. Despite their availability, their applicability is often limited due to several drawbacks including toxicity, lack of stability, and other factors. In this work, we present the inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-peptide conjugates. Tripeptides FFY, FWY, and FYY were conjugated with three TSCs bearing one or two aromatic rings via amide bond formation in a solid phase. Compounds were then examined as tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitors in murine melanoma B16F0 cell line, followed by the cytotoxicity assays of these cells. In silico investigations explained the differences in the activity, observed among tested compounds. Mushroom tyrosinase was inhibited by TSC1-conjugates at micromolar level, with IC50 lower than this for kojic acid, a widely used reference compound. Up to now, this is the first report regarding thiosemicarbazones conjugated with tripeptides, synthesised for the purpose of tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hałdys
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Greta Calamai
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Sun N, Yang K, Yan W, Yao M, Yu C, Duan W, Gu X, Guo D, Jiang H, Xie C, Cheng J. Design and Synthesis of Triazole-Containing HDAC Inhibitors That Induce Antitumor Effects and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4802-4826. [PMID: 36934335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an epigenetic antitumor drug target, but most existing HDAC inhibitors show limited antitumor activity and their use is often accompanied by serious adverse effects. To overcome these problems, we designed and synthesized a series of triazole-containing compounds as novel HDAC inhibitors. Among them, compound 19h exhibited potent and selective inhibition of HDAC1, with good antiproliferative activity in vitro and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 19h significantly inhibited the growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice and murine tumor growth in immune-competent mice bearing MC38 colon cancer. In the MC38 model, 19h increased the ratio of splenic CD4+ T effector cells and promoted complete tumor regression in 5/6 animals when combined with the mPD-1 antibody. These results suggested that selective class I HDAC inhibitors exert direct tumor growth inhibition and indirect immune cell-mediated antitumor effects and are synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingyue Yao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Targeting HDAC6 to Overcome Autophagy-Promoted Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179592. [PMID: 36076996 PMCID: PMC9455701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression through the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure. HDAC6, unlike many other HDACs, is present in the cytoplasm. Its deacetylates non-histone proteins and plays diverse roles in cancer cell initiation, proliferation, autophagy, and anti-cancer drug resistance. The development of HDAC6-specific inhibitors has been relatively successful. Mechanisms of HDAC6-promoted anti-cancer drug resistance, cancer cell proliferation, and autophagy are discussed. The relationship between autophagy and anti-cancer drug resistance is discussed. The effects of combination therapy, which includes HDAC6 inhibitors, on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint blockade are presented. A summary of clinical trials involving HDAC6-specific inhibitors is also presented. This review presents HDAC6 as a valuable target for developing anti-cancer drugs.
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Exploring the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Scaffold for Reversing P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090862. [PMID: 34577562 PMCID: PMC8493801 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dregamine (1), a major monoterpene indole alkaloid isolated from Tabernaemontana elegans, was submitted to chemical transformation of the ketone function, yielding 19 azines (3–21) and 11 semicarbazones (22–32) bearing aliphatic or aromatic substituents. Their structures were assigned mainly by 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) experiments. Compounds 3–32 were evaluated as multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers through functional and chemosensitivity assays in a human ABCB1-transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell model, overexpressing P-glycoprotein. A significant increase of P-gp inhibitory activity was observed for most derivatives, mainly those containing azine moieties with aromatic substituents. Compounds with trimethoxyphenyl (17) or naphthyl motifs (18, 19) were among the most active, exhibiting strong inhibition at 0.2 µM. Moreover, most of the derivatives showed selective antiproliferative effects toward resistant cells, having a collateral sensitivity effect. In drug combination assays, all compounds showed to interact synergistically with doxorubicin. Selected compounds (12, 17, 18, 20, and 29) were evaluated in the ATPase activity assay, in which all compounds but 12 behaved as inhibitors. To gather further insights on drug–receptor interactions, in silico studies were also addressed. A QSAR model allowed us to deduce that compounds bearing bulky and lipophilic substituents were stronger P-gp inhibitors.
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Gu X, Guan M, Jiang C, Song Q, Li X, Sun N, Chen J, Qiu J. Assessment of Thiosemicarbazone-Containing Compounds as Potential Antileukemia Agents against P-gp Overexpressing Drug Resistant K562/A02 Cells. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000775. [PMID: 33314614 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression is considered to be the leading cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) and failure of chemotherapy for leukemia. In this study, seventeen thiosemicarbazone-containing compounds were prepared and evaluated as potential antileukemia agents against drug resistant K562/A02 cell overexpressing P-gp. Among them, N-hydroxy-6-({(2E)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)hexanamide could significantly inhibit K562/A02 cells proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.96 μM. Interestingly, N-hydroxy-6-({(2E)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)hexanamide could dose-dependently increase ROS levels of drug resistant K562/A02 cells, thus displaying a potential collateral sensitivity (CS)-inducing effect and selectively killing K562/A02 cells. Furthermore, N-hydroxy-6-({(2E)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)hexanamide possessed potent inhibitory effect on HDAC1 and HDAC6, and could promote K562/A02 cells apoptosis via dose-dependently increasing Bax expression, reducing Bcl-2 protein level, and inducing the cleavage of PARP and caspase3. These present findings suggest that N-hydroxy-6-({(2E)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)hexanamide might be a promising lead to discover novel antileukemia agents against P-gp overexpressing leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, P. R. China
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