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Alharthy RD, Khalid S, Fatima S, Ullah S, Khan A, Mali SN, Jawarkar RD, Dhabarde SS, Kashtoh H, Taslimi P, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z, Boshta NM. Synthesis of the chromone-thiosemicarbazone scaffold as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An in vitro and in silico approach toward antidiabetic drug design. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400140. [PMID: 38687119 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder affecting individuals of all age groups and prevails globally due to the failure of previous treatments. This study aims to address the most prevalent form of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reporting on the design, synthesis, and in vitro as well as in silico evaluation of chromone-based thiosemicarbazones as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. In vitro experiments showed that the tested compounds were significantly more potent than the standard acarbose, with the lead compound 3n exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.40 ± 0.02 μM, ~2183-fold higher than acarbose having an IC50 of 873.34 ± 1.67 μM. A kinetic mechanism analysis demonstrated that compound 3n exhibited reversible inhibition of α-glucosidase. To gain deeper insights, in silico molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for the investigation of the interactions, orientation, stability, and conformation of the synthesized compounds within the active pocket of α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science & Arts College, Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Khalid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shamool Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, India
| | | | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nader M Boshta
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
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Wang XX, Wang RJ, Ji HL, Liu XY, Zhang NY, Wang KM, Chen K, Liu PP, Meng N, Jiang CS. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel ferrostatin derivatives for the prevention of HG-induced VEC ferroptosis. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1198-1209. [PMID: 38665835 PMCID: PMC11042167 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic, iron-catalyzed form of regulated cell death. It has been shown that high glucose (HG) could induce ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), consequently contributing to the development of various diseases. This study synthesized and evaluated a series of novel ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) derivatives fused with a benzohydrazide moiety to prevent HG-induced VEC ferroptosis. Several promising compounds showed similar or improved inhibitory effects compared to positive control Fer-1. The most effective candidate 12 exhibited better protection against erastin-induced ferroptosis and high glucose-induced ferroptosis in VECs. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 12 prevented mitochondrial damage, reduced intracellular ROS accumulation, upregulated the expression of GPX4, and decreased the amounts of ferrous ion, LPO and MDA in VECs. However, compound 12 still exhibited undesirable microsomal stability like Fer-1, suggesting the need for further optimization. Overall, the present findings highlight ferroptosis inhibitor 12 as a potential lead compound for treating ferroptosis-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Run-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Hua-Long Ji
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Evaluation Center of the New Drug, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jinan 250101 China
| | - Nai-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Kai-Ming Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Kai Chen
- Evaluation Center of the New Drug, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jinan 250101 China
| | - Ping-Ping Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 960th Hospital of PLA Jinan 250000 China
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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Naseem S, Fatima S, Ullah S, Khan A, Mali SN, Jawarkar RD, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Carbonylbis(hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) derivatives as a new class of α-glucosidase inhibitors and their mechanistic insights via molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300604. [PMID: 38148299 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the past, efforts have been made to find a cure for diabetes, mainly evaluating new classes of compounds to explore their potency. In this study, we present the synthesis and evaluation of carbonylbis(hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors, employing both in vivo and in silico investigations. The in vitro experiments revealed that all tested compounds were significantly potent for α-glucosidase inhibition, with the lead compound 3a displaying approximately 80 times higher activity than acarbose. To delve deeper, in silico induced fit docking, pharmacokinetics, and molecular dynamics studies were conducted. Significantly, compound 3a exhibited a docking score of -7.87 kcal/mol, surpassing acarbose, which had a docking score of -6.59 kcal/mol. The in silico ADMET indicated that most of the synthesized compounds have properties conducive to drug development. Molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated that, when the ligand 3a was coupled with the target 3TOP, Cα-RMSD backbone RMSD values below 2.4 Å and "Lig_fit_Prot" values below 2.7 Å were observed. QSAR analysis demonstrates that the "fOC8A" descriptor positively correlates with α-glucosidase inhibition activity, while "lipoplus_AbSA" positively contributes and "notringC_notringO_8B" negatively contributes to this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Naseem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shamool Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Bonn, Germany
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Zahra S, Zaib S, Khan I. Identification of isobenzofuranone derivatives as promising antidiabetic agents: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, computational docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129241. [PMID: 38199537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, one of the major health challenges of the 21st century, is associated with numerous biomedical complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases and liver disorders. To control the chronic hyperglycemic condition, the development of potential inhibitors of drug targets such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase remains a promising strategy and focus of continuous efforts. Therefore, in the present work, a concise library of isobenzofuranone derivatives (3a-q) was designed and synthesized using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling approach. The biological potential of these heterocyclic compounds against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes; α-glucosidase and α-amylase, was examined. In vitro inhibitory results demonstrated that the tested isobenzofuranones were considerably more effective and potent inhibitors than the standard drug, acarbose. Compound 3d having an IC50 value of 6.82 ± 0.02 μM was emerged as the lead candidate against α-glucosidase with ⁓127-folds strong inhibition than acarbose. Similarly, compound 3g demonstrated ⁓11-folds higher inhibition strength against α-amylase when compared with acarbose. Both compounds were tested in vivo and results demonstrate that the treatment of diabetic rats with α-amylase inhibitor show more pronounced histopathological normalization in kidney and liver than with α-glucosidase inhibitor. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for 3d against α-glucosidase whereas compound 3g exhibited mixed inhibition against α-amylase. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations validated the in vitro data for these compounds whereas pharmacokinetics profile revealed the druglike properties of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Zahra
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Smirnova IE, Galimova ZI, Sapozhnikova TA, Khisamutdinova RY, Thi THN, Kazakova OB. New Dipterocarpol-Based Molecules with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300716. [PMID: 37990648 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Dammarane triterpenoids are affordable and bioactive natural metabolites with great structural potential, which makes them attractive sources for drug development. The aim of the study was to investigate the potency of new dipterocarpol derivatives for the treatment of diabetes. Two dammaranes (dipterocarpol and its 20(24)-diene derivative) were modified by a Claisen-Schmidt aldol condensation to afford C2(E)-arylidenes in good yields. The majority of the synthesized compounds exhibited an excellent-to-moderate inhibitory effect toward α-glucosidase (from S. saccharomyces), among them eight compounds showed IC50 values less than 10 μM. 3-Oxo-dammarane-2(E)-benzylidenes (holding p-hydroxy- 3 l and p-carbonyl- 3 m substituents) demonstrated the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 0.753 and 0.204 μM, being 232- and 857-times more active than acarbose (IC50 174.90 μM), and a high level of NO inhibition in Raw 264.7 cells with IC50 of 1.75 and 4.57 μM, respectively. An in vivo testing of compound 3 m (in a dose of 20 mg/kg) on a model of streptozotocin-induced T1DM in rats showed a pronounced hypoglycemic activity, the ability to reduce effectively the processes of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue and decrease the excretion of glucose and pyruvic acid in the urine. Compound 3 m reduced the death of diabetic rats and preserved their motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina E Smirnova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFRC RAS, 71, pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Zarema I Galimova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFRC RAS, 71, pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana A Sapozhnikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFRC RAS, 71, pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | | | - Thu Ha Nguyen Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Oxana B Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFRC RAS, 71, pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
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Wang KM, Ge YX, Zhang J, Chen YT, Zhang NY, Gu JS, Fang L, Zhang XL, Zhang J, Jiang CS. New cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide-based α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Synthesis, in silico study, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 79:129069. [PMID: 36395995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide derivatives against α-glucosidase were synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic potential. Most of the synthetic analogues exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibitory effects than the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 258.5 μM), in which compound 11b with cyclohexyl[b]thiophene core demonstrated the highest activity with an IC50 value of 9.9 μM and showed higher selectivity towards α-glucosidase over α-amylase by 7.4-fold. Fluorescence quenching experiment confirmed the direct binding of 11b with α-glucosidase, kinetics study revealed that 11b was a mixed-type inhibitor, and its binding mode was analyzed using molecular docking. Moreover, analogs compounds 6a-9b, 11b, 12b did not show in vitro cytotoxicity against LO2 and HepG2 cells. Finally, compound 11b exhibited in vivo hypoglycemic activity by reducing the blood glucose levels in sucrose-loaded rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yong-Xi Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong Boyuan Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co., Ltd., Shouguang 262725, China
| | - Yi-Tong Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Nai-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jin-Song Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xin-Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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