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Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shao P, Guo X. The Association of Muscle Dysmorphia, Social Physique Anxiety, and Body Checking Behavior in Male College Students With Weight Exercise. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726032. [PMID: 34630239 PMCID: PMC8497756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association between muscle dysmorphia (MD), social physique anxiety, and body-checking behavior in male college students with weight exercise, and to reveal the association between them. Methods: A total of 492 male college students with weight exercise from 18 Fitness Clubs or bodybuilding centers in Chengdu, China, participated in this study. Results: First, the social physique anxiety scores, body checking frequency, and weight exercise behavior (i.e., frequency, time, and intensity) in male college students with MD were significantly higher than those without MD; it indicated that the higher the exercise frequency they had, the longer the exercise time they cost, and the higher exercise intensity carried out, and the higher the social physique anxiety scores tended to be, the higher the frequency of body checking on “global muscles,” “chest and shoulder muscles,” “comparison with others” and “posture measurement” they did. Second, the mediating effect of the social physique anxiety on MD and body checking was established in the “MD → global muscle checking,” “MD → chest and shoulder muscle checking,” “MD → comparison with others,” and “muscle dysmorphia → posture measurement.” Conclusion: Male college students with MD not only have a higher social physique anxiety, but also a higher frequency of body-checking behavior than the ordinary individuals. Social physique anxiety is one of the important mediating factors to those with MD which affects the body-checking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - LiFeng Zhang
- Faculty of Basketball and Volleyball, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Sichuan Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan Anti Doping Agency, Chengdu, China
| | - XueYing Guo
- Department of Student Affairs, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
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Welsch R, Hecht H, Kolar DR, Witthöft M, Legenbauer T. Body image avoidance affects interpersonal distance perception: A virtual environment experiment. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 28:282-295. [PMID: 31845447 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders have a considerable influence on social contacts. The avoidance towards the own body may result in the avoidance of others. Previous research has found a preference for larger interaction distances in individuals with eating disorders (ED) as compared to control participants (CG). We aimed to replicate these findings and to investigate whether the body weight of the interactant moderates the effect. METHOD We recruited a female sample with mixed ED subtypes (n = 21) and a female CG (n = 28). Participants were immersed in a virtual environment and engaged in a number of fictitious social interactions. They approached a virtual person until a comfortable distance for interaction was reached. The approached virtual persons differed with respect to body weight in five levels (underweight to obese). RESULTS Our results indicate that interpersonal distance varies as a U-shaped function of the avatar's body weight, and that higher levels of body avoidance, present in ED individuals, magnify this effect. CONCLUSIONS We discuss our results with regard to the role of perspective and disgust to provide a useful framework and to motivate future studies in the domain of body avoidance in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Welsch
- General Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Psychology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Hecht
- General Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Psychology, Mainz, Germany
| | - David R Kolar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Psychology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
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Radix AK, Rinck M, Becker ES, Legenbauer T. The Mediating Effect of Specific Social Anxiety Facets on Body Checking and Avoidance. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2661. [PMID: 30671002 PMCID: PMC6331477 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Body checking (BC) and avoidance (BA) form the behavioral component of body image disturbance. High levels of BC/BA have often been documented to hold a positive and potentially reinforcing relationship with eating pathology. While some researchers hypothesize, that patients engage in BC/BA to prevent or reduce levels of anxiety, little is known about the mediating factors. Considering the great comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and in particular social anxieties, the present study investigated whether socially relevant types of anxiety mediate the relationship between eating pathology and BC/BA. Methods: 83 participants reporting an eating disorder and 323 healthy participants (14–25 years) took part in an online survey. Eating pathology was measured with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Body Checking and Avoidance Questionnaire. Trait and social anxiety were assessed by means of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and the Social Appearance and Anxiety Scale (SAAS). Separate mediation analyses were carried out with eating pathology as independent variable, BC/BA as dependent variable and STAI, FNE, and SAAS as mediating variables. Results: Anxieties correlated highly positive with eating pathology in both groups. SAAS mediated the relationship between ED pathology and BC/BA in participants with ED and mediated the relationship between ED pathology and BA in healthy participants. FNE mediated the relationship between eating pathology and BA for participants with eating pathology. Discussion: SAAS mediated the relationship between eating pathology and BC/BA. Being afraid of bodily evaluations may represent a particular relevant fear that triggers safety behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrin Radix
- LWL University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eni Sabine Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
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Sanlier N, Pehlivan M, Sabuncular G, Bakan S, Isguzar Y. Determining the relationship between body mass index, healthy lifestyle behaviors and social appearance anxiety. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 57:124-139. [PMID: 29281315 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1419343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between nutritional status, healthy lifestyle behaviors and social appearance anxiety of individuals aged 20-65 (n = 500). A significant, positive relationship was seen between body mass index and nutrition, and negative relationship between body mass index and spiritual development, interpersonal relations, stress management. There was a negative relationship between the ORTO-15 score and health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual development, interpersonal relationships, stress management. There was also a negative relationship between the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and spiritual development, interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Biruni University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Merve Pehlivan
- b Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Güleren Sabuncular
- c Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Marmara University , İstanbul , Turkey
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Martín J, Padierna A, Unzurrunzaga A, González N, Berjano B, Quintana JM. Predictors of change in psychosocial impairment secondary to an eating disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:161-7. [PMID: 27400219 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) can significantly impair psychosocial health in patients. However, no published studies have so far used a standardized and specific instrument to evaluate predictive factors in ED-related psychosocial impairment. This prospective cohort study involved 177 patients receiving outpatient treatment for an ED at baseline and 115 patients at the 1-year follow-up. Patients completed three self-administered questionnaires: the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), the Eating Attitudes Test-12 (EAT-12), and the Health-Related Quality of Life in ED-short form (HeRQoLED-s). Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were applied to examine intervariable relationships. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine predictors of change in CIA scores. An improvement was reported by patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to those with purgative AN. In the multivariate analysis, employment status, subtype of ED, and the bulimia and food preoccupation factor of the EAT-12 were significant predictors of change in the CIA scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Galdakao, Spain.
| | - Angel Padierna
- Department of Psychiatry, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Anette Unzurrunzaga
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Belén Berjano
- Department of Psychiatry, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M Quintana
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Galdakao, Spain
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Gitimu PN, Jameson MM, Turel T, Pohle-Krauza R, Mincher J, Rowlands Z, Elias J. Appearance issues, depression, and disordered eating among college females. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2016.1196512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla N. Gitimu
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Molly M. Jameson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Tacibaht Turel
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Rachel Pohle-Krauza
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Jeanine Mincher
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Zara Rowlands
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Janice Elias
- Human Ecology Department, Youngstown State University (YSU), One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
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Reas DL, Stedal K, Lindvall Dahlgren C, Rø Ø. Impairment due to eating disorder pathology: Identifying the cut-off score on the Clinical Impairment Assessment in a clinical and community sample. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:635-8. [PMID: 26968998 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) is a self-report measure of impairment secondary to eating disorder (ED) features. The purpose of this study was to identify the global CIA cut-off score that maximized sensitivity and specificity to discriminate impairment due to eating disorder pathology in a community versus clinical ED sample using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. METHOD Participants were 1,468 female community participants and 552 eating disorder patients. RESULTS Mean global CIA scores were 5.17 (SD 7.61) and 32.50 (SD 10.20). The ROC analysis demonstrated excellent accuracy of the global CIA score (AUC = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96-0.98). A cut-off score of 16.0 yielded a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93) and a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89-0.93). DISCUSSION This study is the first to replicate findings from the original development study of the CIA and lends support to initial recommendations. Data provide strong evidence of the discriminant validity of the CIA and suggest the utility of assessing eating-disorder related impairment for classification purposes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:635-638).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lynn Reas
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Stedal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Lindvall Dahlgren
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Rø
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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