1
|
Levinson JA, Kinkel-Ram S, Myers B, Hunger JM. A systematic review of weight stigma and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. Body Image 2024; 48:101678. [PMID: 38278088 PMCID: PMC11180546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Weight stigma is persistent across contexts and is associated with disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature that has explored the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. We specifically examined three dimensions of weight stigma - experienced, anticipated, and internalized - and adopted an inclusive conceptualization of outcomes related to disordered eating (including constructs such as binge eating, body dissatisfaction, and other cognitions and behaviors such as dietary restraint, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and drive for thinness). We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, and PsycINFO for English-language, peer-reviewed articles and dissertations with quantitative methodology published through October 2023. The search resulted in 242 articles meeting inclusion criteria. A narrative review found a consistent relationship between greater weight stigma and more disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. Methodological and theoretical limitations are discussed, as are critical avenues for future research and potential clinical implications stemming from this body of research. Given the widespread nature and impact of weight stigma on disordered eating, it is imperative that we intervene to address weight stigma at all levels, from the structural to the intrapersonal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Levinson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Shruti Kinkel-Ram
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 N Patterson Avenue, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Bethany Myers
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Hunger
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 N Patterson Avenue, Oxford, OH 45056, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoon CY, Arlinghaus KR, Ledoux TA, Johnston CA, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010-2018 cohort. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e95. [PMID: 38384116 PMCID: PMC10993067 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents. DESIGN Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status. SETTING Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (n 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010-2018 in 2009-2010 (Mage = 14·3 years) and 2017-2018 (Mage = 22·0 years). RESULTS The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics (β = 5·43, β = 5·39 and β = 6·46, respectively; all P-values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15-85th and 85-95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (P-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (P-values > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y Yoon
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Arlinghaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tracey A Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rancaño KM, Lawrence SE. Health Consequences of Familial Negative Weight Talk Across the Spectrum of Gender Diversity. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:581-593. [PMID: 37837600 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize differences in familial negative weight talk and health-related correlates across gender identities and to highlight gaps relevant to the unique experiences and health correlates of boys and transgender and gender diverse youth. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the studies included in this review observed no difference by gender in familial negative weight talk health correlates. Gender biases in existing measures, however, may have contributed to underreporting of health correlates in boys. Moreover, transgender and gender diverse youth are severely underrepresented in this research. Future research should consistently examine effect modification across gender identities and include measures that are specific to the weight-based concerns and experiences of boys and transgender and gender diverse youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Rancaño
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bidopia T, Karvay YG, Stadterman Guarecuco JM, Jarcho JM, Burke NL. Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator of the Association Between Weight-Related Abuse and Disordered Eating. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01775-3. [PMID: 37668958 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extant research supports a positive relationship between weight-related abuse (WRA) and disordered eating constructs. Individuals who face marginalization and who are more likely to live in larger bodies, such as Black and Hispanic individuals in the United States (U.S.), may be at a heightened risk of WRA. This study is aimed at understanding whether the relationship between WRA and disordered eating constructs varies by race/ethnicity. We hypothesized that individuals from marginalized backgrounds would have differential levels of dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and shape/weight overvaluation with increased experiences of WRA compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. METHODS Two thousand one hundred sixteen undergraduates were recruited from two U.S. universities for a survey-based study assessing psychosocial functioning. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire assessing race/ethnicity, the Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire assessing WRA experiences, and the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire assessing disordered eating constructs. RESULTS Results showed positive relationships between verbal (vWRA) and physical (pWRA) WRA and disordered eating behaviors and cognitions. Moreover, at higher levels of vWRA, Asian and multiracial individuals showed greater dietary restraint compared to White individuals. No other tested models were moderated by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION WRA is positively associated with disordered eating behaviors and cognitions across racial/ethnic identities, and vWRA may be differentially related to increased dietary restraint in Asian and multiracial individuals compared to White individuals. Further research utilizing intersectional analyses (e.g., examining how this relationship varies according to the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, and weight status) would help clarify this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bidopia
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Yvette G Karvay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | | | - Johanna M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall 866, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Natasha L Burke
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Williamson G, Cotter EW, Cao L, Guidinger C, Kelly NR. Ecological momentary assessment of state affect prior to and following loss of control eating in young men. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101782. [PMID: 37517107 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating is prevalent but understudied among young men. Affect regulation models propose that LOC eating functions as a maladaptive effort to escape from distressing affective states. As such, negative affect is thought to increase before and decrease after LOC eating. However, examinations with young men are lacking and it remains unclear whether specific emotional experiences are differentially implicated in their LOC eating. METHODS The current study examined the temporal roles of affect in LOC eating in 31 young men (18-35 years; Mage = 25.74 ± 5.61y; 46.7 % White; 30 % Black/African American; 10 % Hispanic/Latino, 10 % South Asian) who reported engaging in recurrent LOC eating. Participants completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment protocol and recorded all eating episodes each day and their state affect five times per day. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the trajectories of global and item-level negative and positive affect pre- and post-LOC eating episodes. RESULTS Negative affect did not change significantly before or after LOC eating (ps > .05). Positive affect did not change significantly before LOC eating (ps > .05). Global positive affect, excitement, and happiness decreased significantly after LOC eating (ps ≤ .001). DISCUSSION Study findings contradict extant theory and empirical data largely from female samples. Negative affect did not increase risk for LOC eating, nor did LOC eating function to improve participants' mood; rather, positive mood slightly decreased after LOC eating. Further investigation around the observed decline in positive affect after LOC eating will clarify if this is a relevant intervention point in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth W Cotter
- Department of Health Studies, American University, United States of America.
| | - Li Cao
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, United States of America.
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America.
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cunha MCFD, Junqueira ACP, Carvalho PHBD, Laus MF. Disordered eating behaviors among CrossFit athletes. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate differences in disordered eating symptoms between men and women who practice CrossFit and to evaluate its predictors in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study (April to June 2019) was carried out with 194 adults (103 women and 91 men) enrolled in private CrossFit boxes in Brazil, with a mean age of 30.19 years (SD = 5.34). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (disordered eating), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (body-ideal internalization), and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (drive for muscularity). A series of Student's t-tests was applied to test differences in disordered eating symptoms between men and women. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate predictors of disordered eating for both sexes. Results: Women showed greater disordered eating symptoms, dietary restrictions and excessive concern about thinness than men. Moreover, younger women with a higher BMI are more likely to have disordered eating symptoms. Higher drive for muscularity and greater general body-ideal internalization were also associated with disordered eating among women. In men, muscularity-oriented behavior was the only predictor of disordered eating. Conclusion: These findings are relevant, as they point out that women who practice CrossFit seem to be a high risk group for the development of eating disorders. In addition, muscularity-oriented behaviors in men and the drive for muscularity, internalization of the ideal body, BMI and age in women are predictors of disordered eating in CrossFit practitioners.
Collapse
|
7
|
Associations among weight-based teasing distress, impulsive emotion regulation, and loss of control eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101543. [PMID: 34399304 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to affect regulation models, distress associated with weight-based teasing may be related to loss of control (LOC) eating. Maladaptive coping strategies may further exacerbate this association, but such hypotheses have not been evaluated in men. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. The degree to which men engage in impulsive behavior when distressed was investigated as a moderating variable. Exploratory analyses examined the proposed associations within racial/ethnic identity groups. The current study included 1011 young men (18-30 years, Mage = 23.9 ± 3.6 y, 28.3% non-Hispanic White; 23.4% African American; 24.3% Hispanic/Latino; 23.8% Asian/Asian American). Participants completed an online survey with measures of weight-based teasing, LOC eating frequency, engagement in impulsive behavior when distressed, and demographics. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, there was a positive association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating frequency (p < .001). In the full sample, the tendency to engage in impulsive behavior when distressed exacerbated this link (p < .01). Exploratory analyses revealed the moderating effect of impulsive coping on distress from teasing was significant in non-Hispanic White men, but was not significant for all others. These findings suggest that men are not immune to the negative correlates of weight-based teasing. LOC eating may function as a maladaptive coping mechanism, or may be an artifact of the disordered eating symptoms that can emerge during extreme efforts to obtain a thinner physique.
Collapse
|