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Sirotti S, Scanu A, Pascart T, Niessink T, Maroni P, Lombardi G, Filippou G. Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation and Deposition: Where Do we Stand and What Does the Future hold? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11926-024-01161-w. [PMID: 39088093 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Although calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) has been known since the 1960s, our understanding of its pathogenesis remains rudimentary. This review aims to illustrate the known mechanisms underlying calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal formation and deposition and explore future directions in research. By examining various perspectives, from basic research to clinical and imaging assessments, as well as new emerging methodologies, we can establish a starting point for a deeper understanding of CPPD pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent years have seen significant advances in CPPD research, particularly in the clinical field with the development of the 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for CPPD disease, and in imaging with the introduction of the OMERACT ultrasonographic definitions and scoring system. However, progress in basic research has been slower. New laboratory approaches, such as Raman spectroscopy and omics sciences, offer promising insights that may help piece together the puzzle of CPPD. CPPD is a common yet understudied condition. As the population ages and CPPD becomes more prevalent, there is an urgent need to better understand the disease and the mechanisms involved in crystal formation and deposition, in order to improve diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sirotti
- Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tristan Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, ETHICS Laboratory, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
| | - Tom Niessink
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Technical Medicine Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Georgios Filippou
- Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Ahmed MS, Saeed MG, Hasan NH. Immunohistochemical study of mixing mineral trioxide aggregate with hyaluronic acid as a pulp-capping agent in dog teeth. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:485-490. [PMID: 38939541 PMCID: PMC11205164 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_88_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a mixing medium with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Materials and Methods Direct pulp capping (DPC) was performed on 90 teeth from 10 dogs that had been experimentally exposed. The exposed pulps were divided into three groups according to the mixing medium with MTA: Group I: MTA + distilled water (control group), Group II: MTA + hybrid cooperative complex HA (HCC-HA), Group III: MTA + high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA). After pulp capping, all cavities were restored with final restoration. The dogs were divided randomly into five groups (two dogs each) according to the evaluation periods (7, 14, 21, 30, and 60) days. At the end of the study, the dogs were euthanized, and the sampled teeth were processed for immunohistochemical investigation. Results Both types of HA (HCC-HA, HMW-HA) showed an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a higher rate than using distilled water with MTA. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, HA proved to be an effective additive to MTA for DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna S. Ahmed
- Specialized Dental Center, Ninawa Health Directorate, College of Veterinary, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed G. Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - Nadia H. Hasan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Zhan Y, Mei Z, Qian A, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fu T, Ma S, Li J. Molecular insights into the proteomic composition of porcine treated dentin matrix. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100990. [PMID: 38371466 PMCID: PMC10873736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human-treated dentin matrix (hTDM) has recently been studied as a natural extracellular matrix-based biomaterial for dentin pulp regeneration. However, porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) is a potential alternative scaffold due to limited availability. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the protein composition and underlying molecular mechanisms of pTDM.Methods: hTDM and pTDM were fabricated using human and porcine teeth, respectively, and their morphological characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. SHEDs were cultured in three-dimensional environments with hTDM, pTDM, or biphasic hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate. The expression of odontogenesis markers in SHEDs were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining. Subsequently, SHEDs/TDM and SHEDs/HA/TCP complexes were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. The protein composition of pTDM was analyzed using proteomics and compared to previously published data on hTDM.Results: pTDM and hTDM elicited comparable upregulation of odontogenesis-related genes and proteins in SHEDs. Furthermore, both demonstrated the capacity to stimulate root-related tissue regeneration in vivo. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of 278 protein groups in pTDM, with collagens being the most abundant. Additionally, pTDM and hTDM shared 58 identical proteins, which may contribute to their similar abilities to induce odontogenesis. Conclusions Both hTDM and pTDM exhibit comparable capabilities in inducing odontogenesis, potentially owing to their distinctive bioactive molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi Mei
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhuo Qian
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, The Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Richter E, Lohmann CH, Dell’Accio F, Goettsch C, Bertrand J. Sortilin Is Upregulated in Osteoarthritis-Dependent Cartilage Calcification and Associated with Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12343. [PMID: 37569721 PMCID: PMC10418692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage calcification, loss of articular cartilage, bone changes, pain, and disability. Cartilage calcification is one hallmark of OA and is predominantly caused by basic calcium crystals formed due to an imbalance of the pyrophosphate pathway. Sortilin is a transmembrane protein that contributes to vascular calcification in atherosclerosis by externalizing alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-containing vesicles. Calcification in atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis has been associated with cellular senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of sortilin and senescence in osteoarthritis-dependent cartilage calcification. Osteoarthritic cartilage from human knee joints was collected after joint replacement, and samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Human chondrocytes were treated with osteogenic medium for up to 21 days to induce calcification. Western blots for sortilin and ALP, as well as an ALP activity assay, were performed. Human chondrocytes were treated with mitomycin C to induce senescence, and sortilin expression was quantified at the protein and gene levels. Sections of knee joints from a murine model of osteoarthritis were stained for sortilin and p16 and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Treatment of wild-type chondrocytes using an osteogenic medium similar to human chondrocytes was performed. Osteoarthritic cartilage from mouse and human knee joints showed an increased number of sortilin and p16-positive chondrocytes compared to healthy cartilage. This observation was corroborated by increased gene expression of sortilin and p16 in mild and moderate osteoarthritic cartilage samples. To investigate the mechanism of sortilin regulation, human chondrocytes were treated with osteogenic medium to induce calcification. Sortilin protein levels and expression were increased after 7 days of stimulation, whereas ALP levels and activity were upregulated after 21 days of stimulation. Similar observations were made in a murine osteoarthritis model. Mechanistically, senescent chondrocytes induced by mitomycin C showed an upregulation of sortilin and ALP gene expression compared to non-senescent chondrocytes. Our data indicate that sortilin and ALP are upregulated during cartilage calcification, which is associated with chondrocyte senescence and thus might contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Cellular senescence seems to induce sortilin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Richter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Christoph H. Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Francesco Dell’Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.H.L.)
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Li X, Zhang W, Fan Y, Niu X. MV-mediated biomineralization mechanisms and treatments of biomineralized diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Veschi EA, Bolean M, da Silva Andrilli LH, Sebinelli HG, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Pikula S, Granjon T, Mebarek S, Magne D, Millán JL, Ramos AP, Buchet R, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P. Mineralization Profile of Annexin A6-Harbouring Proteoliposomes: Shedding Light on the Role of Annexin A6 on Matrix Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168945. [PMID: 36012211 PMCID: PMC9409191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical machinery involved in matrix vesicles-mediated bone mineralization involves a specific set of lipids, enzymes, and proteins. Annexins, among their many functions, have been described as responsible for the formation and stabilization of the matrix vesicles′ nucleational core. However, the specific role of each member of the annexin family, especially in the presence of type-I collagen, remains to be clarified. To address this issue, in vitro mineralization was carried out using AnxA6 (in solution or associated to the proteoliposomes) in the presence or in the absence of type-I collagen, incubated with either amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or a phosphatidylserine-calcium phosphate complex (PS–CPLX) as nucleators. Proteoliposomes were composed of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPC:DPPS), and DPPC:Cholesterol:DPPS to mimic the outer and the inner leaflet of the matrix vesicles membrane as well as to investigate the effect of the membrane fluidity. Kinetic parameters of mineralization were calculated from time-dependent turbidity curves of free Annexin A6 (AnxA6) and AnxA6-containing proteoliposomes dispersed in synthetic cartilage lymph. The chemical composition of the minerals formed was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Free AnxA6 and AnxA6-proteoliposomes in the presence of ACP were not able to propagate mineralization; however, poorly crystalline calcium phosphates were formed in the presence of PS–CPLX, supporting the role of annexin-calcium-phosphatidylserine complex in the formation and stabilization of the matrix vesicles’ nucleational core. We found that AnxA6 lacks nucleation propagation capacity when incorporated into liposomes in the presence of PS–CPLX and type-I collagen. This suggests that AnxA6 may interact either with phospholipids, forming a nucleational core, or with type-I collagen, albeit less efficiently, to induce the nucleation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekeveliny Amabile Veschi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silva Andrilli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Gobbi Sebinelli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thierry Granjon
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Rene Buchet
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.); Tel.: +55-16-3315-3753 (P.C.); Fax: +55-16-3315-4838 (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.); Tel.: +55-16-3315-3753 (P.C.); Fax: +55-16-3315-4838 (P.C.)
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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The additive effect of iloprost on the biological properties of Mineral trioxide aggregate on mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:225-232. [PMID: 35028042 PMCID: PMC8739256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Iloprost has been proposed as a potential biomaterial owing to angiogenic and odontogenic properties. However, the liquid form can limit its use during clinical applications. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used for various dental applications in which cell–material interaction is essential. This study aimed to investigate additive effects of iloprost on the biological properties of MTA on the viability, attachment, migration and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Materials and methods Standardized human dentin disks were prepared. MTA was prepared by mixing distilled water or iloprost solution, and the lumen of the disks was filled with MTA or MTA-iloprost. hMSCs on disk alone and hMSCs on culture plates were used as controls. Cell viability and attachment were measured after 1, 7 and 14 days using AlamarBlue assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell migration in MTA or MTA-iloprost extracts was determined using a wound-healing model. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP) gene expressions after 7 and 14 days of osteogenic induction. Results Cells on MTA-iloprost surface showed similar viability with MTA at 1 and 14 days but enhanced cellular viability and cell spreading compared to MTA at 7 days (p < 0.05). Cell migration was similar by MTA-iloprost and MTA extracts (p > 0.05). MTAiloprost significantly upregulated BSP, OCN and OSP expressions compared to MTA (p < 0.05). Conclusion The addition of iloprost to MTA improved the initial cell viability and osteogenic potential of hMSCs.
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Assefa F, Kim JA, Lim J, Nam SH, Shin HI, Park EK. The Neuropeptide Spexin Promotes the Osteoblast Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via the MEK/ERK Pathway and Bone Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:189-202. [PMID: 34951679 PMCID: PMC8782952 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural regulation of bone regeneration has emerged recently. Spexin (SPX) is a novel neuropeptide and regulates multiple biological functions. However, the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation need to be further investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation, possible underlying mechanisms, and bone regeneration. METHODS In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with various concentrations of SPX. Cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation marker expressions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ALP staining, and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To determine the underlying molecular mechanism of SPX, the phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules were examined via western blot analysis. Moreover, in vivo bone regeneration by SPX (0.5 and 1 µg/µl) was evaluated in a calvarial defect model. New bone formation was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. RESULTS The results indicated that cell proliferation was not affected by SPX. However, SPX significantly increased ALP activity, mineralization, and the expression of genes for osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alp, collagen alpha-1(I) chain (Col1a1), osteocalcin (Oc), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp). In contrast, SPX downregulated the expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). Moreover, SPX upregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). In vivo studies, micro-CT and histologic analysis revealed that SPX markedly increased a new bone formation. CONCLUSION Overall, these results demonstrated that SPX stimulated osteogenic differentiation in vitro and increased in vivo bone regeneration via the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Ju Ang Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea.
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10
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Nanoanalytical analysis of bisphosphonate-driven alterations of microcalcifications using a 3D hydrogel system and in vivo mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:1811725118. [PMID: 33795519 PMCID: PMC8040669 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811725118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of heart attacks or strokes is the rupture of thin fibrous caps that cover vulnerable plaques within blood vessels. Small mineral deposits, called microcalcifications, increase local tissue stress and thereby increase the risk of cap rupture. We report here the use of a three-dimensional collagen hydrogel model of fibrous cap calcification and a complementary mouse model of plaque formation to determine whether bisphosphonate (BiP) therapy, commonly used to treat bone loss, alters microcalcification formation. The results showed that BiP treatment resulted in time-dependent changes in microcalcification size and mineral morphology, dependent on whether BiP treatment was initiated before or after the expected onset of microcalcification formation. Vascular calcification predicts atherosclerotic plaque rupture and cardiovascular events. Retrospective studies of women taking bisphosphonates (BiPs), a proposed therapy for vascular calcification, showed that BiPs paradoxically increased morbidity in patients with prior acute cardiovascular events but decreased mortality in event-free patients. Calcifying extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by cells within atherosclerotic plaques, aggregate and nucleate calcification. We hypothesized that BiPs block EV aggregation and modify existing mineral growth, potentially altering microcalcification morphology and the risk of plaque rupture. Three-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogels incubated with calcifying EVs were used to mimic fibrous cap calcification in vitro, while an ApoE−/− mouse was used as a model of atherosclerosis in vivo. EV aggregation and formation of stress-inducing microcalcifications was imaged via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In both models, BiP (ibandronate) treatment resulted in time-dependent changes in microcalcification size and mineral morphology, dependent on whether BiP treatment was initiated before or after the expected onset of microcalcification formation. Following BiP treatment at any time, microcalcifications formed in vitro were predicted to have an associated threefold decrease in fibrous cap tensile stress compared to untreated controls, estimated using finite element analysis (FEA). These findings support our hypothesis that BiPs alter EV-driven calcification. The study also confirmed that our 3D hydrogel is a viable platform to study EV-mediated mineral nucleation and evaluate potential therapies for cardiovascular calcification.
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Buchet R, Tribes C, Rouaix V, Doumèche B, Fiore M, Wu Y, Magne D, Mebarek S. Hydrolysis of Extracellular ATP by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiated into Chondrocytes Generates P i but Not PP i. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062948. [PMID: 33799449 PMCID: PMC8000465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is suspected to induce atherosclerosis plaque calcification. TNAP, during physiological mineralization, hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Since atherosclerosis plaques are characterized by the presence of necrotic cells that probably release supraphysiological concentrations of ATP, we explored whether this extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed into the mineralization inhibitor PPi or the mineralization stimulator inorganic phosphate (Pi), and whether TNAP is involved. (2) Methods: Murine aortic smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS cells) were transdifferentiated into chondrocyte-like cells in calcifying medium, containing ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. ATP hydrolysis rates were determined in extracellular medium extracted from MOVAS cultures during their transdifferentiation, using 31P-NMR and IR spectroscopy. (3) Results: ATP and PPi hydrolysis by MOVAS cells increased during transdifferentiation. ATP hydrolysis was sequential, yielding adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine without any detectable PPi. The addition of levamisole partially inhibited ATP hydrolysis, indicating that TNAP and other types of ectonucleoside triphoshatediphosphohydrolases contributed to ATP hydrolysis. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high ATP levels released by cells in proximity to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis plaques generate Pi and not PPi, which may exacerbate plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Buchet
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Camille Tribes
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Valentine Rouaix
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bastien Doumèche
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Michele Fiore
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - David Magne
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
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12
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Lemorini C, Cristiani E, Cesaro S, Venditti F, Zupancich A, Gopher A. The use of ash at Late Lower Paleolithic Qesem Cave, Israel-An integrated study of use-wear and residue analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237502. [PMID: 32956377 PMCID: PMC7505473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing an integrated approach to investigate the use of Late Lower Paleolithic flint tools found at the site of Qesem Cave (Israel), we revealed a particular trace pattern related to the employment of ashes at the site. Using a designated collection of replica items and combining use-wear and residue (morphological analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDX) analyses, we revealed the intentional use of ashes in preserving foods for delayed consumption as well as hide for delayed processing. Our interpretation, we believe is the most plausible one since we were able to delineate the specific use-wear fingerprints of the intentional use of ashes for such purposes, suggesting that our approach might be useful for the recognition of other similar functional-behavioral patterns. Lastly, in support of previous findings at Qesem Cave, our current findings present evidence for the processing of organic matters intentionally mixed with ash, leading us to suggest that the inhabitants of Qesem Cave were proficient not only in the habitual use of fire but also of its main by-product, ash. Hence, we call for a reassessment of the timeline currently assigned to hominins' utilization of ash for storing and processing vegetal foods and hide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lemorini
- LTFAPA Laboratory, Department of Classics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E. Cristiani
- DANTE Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Cesaro
- Scientific Methodologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (SMATCH), Rome, Italy
| | - F. Venditti
- LTFAPA Laboratory, Department of Classics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A. Zupancich
- DANTE Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - A. Gopher
- Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Khalid S, Yamazaki H, Socorro M, Monier D, Beniash E, Napierala D. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as an underlying mechanism of inorganic phosphate (P i)-induced mineralization of osteogenic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:103-111. [PMID: 32330587 PMCID: PMC7262875 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are a natural byproduct of oxygen metabolism. At physiological levels, ROS regulate multiple cellular processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Increased levels of ROS are associated with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and vascular calcification, where they elicit cytotoxic effects. These contrasting outcomes of ROS have also been reported in osteogenic precursor cells. However, the role of ROS in committed osteogenic cells has not been investigated. Cytotoxic and physiologic effects have also been demonstrated for extracellular phosphate (Pi). Specifically, in committed osteogenic cells Pi stimulates their major function (mineralization), however in osteogenic precursors and endothelial cells Pi cytotoxicity has been reported. Interestingly, Pi cytotoxic effects have been associated with ROS production in the pathological vascular mineralization. In this study, we investigated a molecular mechanistic link between elevated Pi and ROS production in the context of the mineralization function of committed osteogenic cells. Using committed osteogenic cells, 17IIA11 odontoblast-like cell and MLO-A5 osteoblast cell lines, we have unveil that Pi enhances intracellular ROS production. Furthermore, using a combination of mineralization assays and gene expression analyses, we determined that Pi-induced intracellular ROS supports the physiological mineralization process. In contrast, the exogenous ROS, provided in a form of H2O2, was detrimental for osteogenic cells. By comparing molecular signaling cascades induced by extracellular ROS and Pi, we identified differences in signaling routes that determine physiologic versus toxic effect of ROS on osteogenic cells. Specifically, while both extracellular and Pi-induced intracellular ROS utilize Erk1/2 signaling mediator, only extracellular ROS induces stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases P38 and JNK that are associated with cell death. In summary, our results uncovered a physiological role of ROS in the Pi-induced mineralization through the molecular pathway that is distinct from ROS-induced cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Monier
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Plaut JS, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bozycki L, Pikula S, Buchet R, Mebarek S, Chadli M, Bolean M, Simao AMS, Ciancaglini P, Magrini A, Rosato N, Magne D, Girard-Egrot A, Farquharson C, Esener SC, Millan JL, Bottini M. Quantitative atomic force microscopy provides new insight into matrix vesicle mineralization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 667:14-21. [PMID: 30998909 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) are a class of extracellular vesicles that initiate mineralization in cartilage, bone, and other vertebrate tissues by accumulating calcium ions (Ca2+) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) within their lumen and forming a nucleation core (NC). After further sequestration of Ca2+ and Pi, the NC transforms into crystalline complexes. Direct evidence of the existence of the NC and its maturation have been provided solely by analyses of dried samples. We isolated MVs from chicken embryo cartilage and used atomic force microscopy peak force quantitative nanomechanical property mapping (AFM-PFQNM) to measure the nanomechanical and morphological properties of individual MVs under both mineralizing (+Ca2+) and non-mineralizing (-Ca2+) fluid conditions. The elastic modulus of MVs significantly increased by 4-fold after incubation in mineralization buffer. From AFM mapping data, we inferred the morphological changes of MVs as mineralization progresses: prior to mineralization, a punctate feature, the NC, is present within MVs and this feature grows and stiffens during mineralization until it occupies most of the MV lumen. Dynamic light scattering showed a significant increase in hydrodynamic diameter and no change in the zeta potential of hydrated MVs after incubation with Ca2+. This validates that crystalline complexes, which are strongly negative relative to MVs, were forming within the lumen of MVs. These data were substantiated by transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses of dried MVs, which provide evidence that the complexes increased in size, crystallinity, and Ca/P ratio within MVs during the mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Plaut
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - René Buchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, 69 622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, 69 622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Meriem Chadli
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, 69 622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana M S Simao
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biopathology and Imaging Diagnostics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation (NAST) Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation (NAST) Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David Magne
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Sadik C Esener
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - José L Millan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation (NAST) Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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15
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The effects of morphology on physicochemical properties, bioactivity and biocompatibility of micro-/nano-bioactive glasses. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Bozycki L, Komiazyk M, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Pikula S, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis. J Vis Exp 2018:57423. [PMID: 29985356 PMCID: PMC6101988 DOI: 10.3791/57423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This video presents the use of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) to compare the state of minerals in vesicles released by two human bone cell lines: hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2. These cell lines, after treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), undergo complete osteogenic transdifferentiation from proliferation to mineralization and produce matrix vesicles (MVs) that trigger apatite nucleation in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining and analysis of the composition of minerals in cell lysates using ultraviolet (UV) light or in vesicles using TEM imaging followed by EDX quantitation and ion mapping, we can infer that osteosarcoma Saos-2 and osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 cells reveal distinct mineralization profiles. Saos-2 cells mineralize more efficiently than hFOB 1.19 cells and produce larger mineral deposits that are not visible under UV light but are similar to hydroxyapatite (HA) in that they have more Ca and F substitutions. The results obtained using these techniques allow us to conclude that the process of mineralization differs depending on the cell type. We propose that, at the cellular level, the origin and properties of vesicles predetermine the type of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Bozycki
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Magdalena Komiazyk
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; L'insitut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) de Lyon; Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique (CPE) Lyon; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), L'institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS)
| | - Rene Buchet
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; L'insitut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) de Lyon; Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique (CPE) Lyon; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), L'institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS)
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences
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17
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Bottini M, Mebarek S, Anderson KL, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bozycki L, Simão AMS, Bolean M, Ciancaglini P, Pikula JB, Pikula S, Magne D, Volkmann N, Hanein D, Millán JL, Buchet R. Matrix vesicles from chondrocytes and osteoblasts: Their biogenesis, properties, functions and biomimetic models. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:532-546. [PMID: 29108957 PMCID: PMC5801150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix vesicles (MVs) are released from hypertrophic chondrocytes and from mature osteoblasts, the cells responsible for endochondral and membranous ossification. Under pathological conditions, they can also be released from cells of non-skeletal tissues such as vascular smooth muscle cells. MVs are extracellular vesicles of approximately 100-300nm diameter harboring the biochemical machinery needed to induce mineralization. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The review comprehensively delineates our current knowledge of MV biology and highlights open questions aiming to stimulate further research. The review is constructed as a series of questions addressing issues of MVs ranging from their biogenesis and functions, to biomimetic models. It critically evaluates experimental data including their isolation and characterization methods, like lipidomics, proteomics, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and proteoliposome models mimicking MVs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MVs have a relatively well-defined function as initiators of mineralization. They bind to collagen and their composition reflects the composition of lipid rafts. We call attention to the as yet unclear mechanisms leading to the biogenesis of MVs, and how minerals form and when they are formed. We discuss the prospects of employing upcoming experimental models to deepen our understanding of MV-mediated mineralization and mineralization disorders such as the use of reconstituted lipid vesicles, proteoliposomes and, native sample preparations and high-resolution technologies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MVs have been extensively investigated owing to their roles in skeletal and ectopic mineralization. MVs serve as a model system for lipid raft structures, and for the mechanisms of genesis and release of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bottini
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, 00133 Roma, Italy; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Universite de Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Karen L Anderson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Maria Sper Simão
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Departamento de Química, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanna Bandorowicz Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Magne
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Universite de Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rene Buchet
- Universite Lyon 1, UFR Chimie Biochimie, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE, Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Universite de Lyon, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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18
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Zhang M, Jiang F, Zhang X, Wang S, Jin Y, Zhang W, Jiang X. The Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Mediated Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2126-2134. [PMID: 29064632 PMCID: PMC5702518 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin‐pulp complex regeneration is a promising alternative treatment for the irreversible pulpitis caused by tooth trauma or dental caries. This process mainly relies on the recruitment of endogenous or the transplanted dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to guide dentin‐pulp tissue formation. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), a well‐known potent mitogenic, angiogenic, and chemoattractive agent, has been widely used in tissue regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of PDGF on dentin‐pulp complex regeneration are still unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of PDGF‐BB on dentin‐pulp tissue regeneration by establishing PDGF‐BB gene‐modified human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) using a lentivirus. Our results showed that PDGF‐BB can significantly enhance hDPSC proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, PDGF‐BB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by hDPSCs enhanced angiogenesis. The chemoattractive effect of PDGF‐BB on hDPSCs was also confirmed using a Transwell chemotactic migration model. We further determined that PDGF‐BB facilitates hDPSCs migration via the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. In vivo, CM‐DiI‐labeled hDPSCs were injected subcutaneously into mice, and our results showed that more labeled cells were recruited to the sites implanted with calcium phosphate cement scaffolds containing PDGF‐BB gene‐modified hDPSCs. Finally, the tissue‐engineered complexes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 12 weeks, the Lenti‐PDGF group generated more dentin‐like mineralized tissue which showed positive staining for the DSPP protein, similar to tooth dentin tissue, and was surrounded by highly vascularized dental pulp‐like connective tissue. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the PDGF‐BB possesses a powerful function in prompting stem cell‐based dentin‐pulp tissue regeneration. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:2126–2134
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Polyclinic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kim SM, Lee BN, Koh JT, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Min KS, Hwang YC. The effect of chlormadinone acetate on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28549486 PMCID: PMC5446736 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a derivative of progesterone and is used as an oral contraceptive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CMA on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and related signaling pathways. Methods Cell viability was determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay. Odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using odontogenic marker genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). Mineralization of hDPCs was evaluated by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was examined by Western blot analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between the control and CMA-treated groups. Our analysis of odontogenic marker genes indicated that CMA enhanced the expression of those genes. CMA-treated hDPCs showed increased ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules, compared with control-treated cells. In addition, CMA stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of ERK and resulted in inhibition of downstream molecules by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Conclusions These findings suggest that CMA improves odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54907, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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20
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Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bozycki L, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Pikula S. Characteristics of minerals in vesicles produced by human osteoblasts hFOB 1.19 and osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells stimulated for mineralization. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 171:100-107. [PMID: 28380345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells control initial steps of mineralization by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and releasing vesicles that trigger apatite nucleation. Using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) we compared the quality of minerals in vesicles produced by two distinct human cell lines: fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 and osteosarcoma Saos-2. Both cell lines, subjected to osteogenic medium with ascorbic acid (AA) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), undergo the entire osteoblastic differentiation program from proliferation to mineralization, produce the ECM and spontaneously release vesicles. We observed that Saos-2 cells mineralized better than hFOB 1.19, as probed by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining, tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and by analyzing the composition of minerals in vesicles. Vesicles released from Saos-2 cells contained and were surrounded by more minerals than vesicles released from hFOB 1.19. In addition, there were more F and Cl substituted apatites in vesicles from hFOB 1.19 than in those from Saos-2 cells as determined by ion ratios. Saos-2 and h-FOB 1.19 cells revealed distinct mineralization profiles, indicating that the process of mineralization may proceed differently in various types of cells. Our findings suggest that TNAP activity is correlated with the relative proportions of mineral-filled vesicles and mineral-surrounded vesicles. The origin of vesicles and their properties predetermine the onset of mineralization at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Rene Buchet
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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FUKUI Y. Preparation of Liponanocapsules <i>via</i> Construction of Bio-Derived Capsule Wall on a Liposomal Template. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka FUKUI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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22
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Fakhry M, Roszkowska M, Briolay A, Bougault C, Guignandon A, Diaz-Hernandez JI, Diaz-Hernandez M, Pikula S, Buchet R, Hamade E, Badran B, Bessueille L, Magne D. TNAP stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation into chondrocytes through calcium deposition and BMP-2 activation: Possible implication in atherosclerotic plaque stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:643-653. [PMID: 27932058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque calcification varies from early, diffuse microcalcifications to a bone-like tissue formed by endochondral ossification. Recently, a paradigm has emerged suggesting that if the bone metaplasia stabilizes the plaques, microcalcifications are harmful. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ectoenzyme necessary for mineralization by its ability to hydrolyze inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), is stimulated by inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our objective was to determine the role of TNAP in trans-differentiation of VSMCs and calcification. In rodent MOVAS and A7R5 VSMCs, addition of exogenous alkaline phosphatase (AP) or TNAP overexpression was sufficient to stimulate the expression of several chondrocyte markers and induce mineralization. Addition of exogenous AP to human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in pellets also stimulated chondrogenesis. Moreover, TNAP inhibition with levamisole in mouse primary chondrocytes dropped mineralization as well as the expression of chondrocyte markers. VSMCs trans-differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells, as well as primary chondrocytes, used TNAP to hydrolyze PPi, and PPi provoked the same effects as TNAP inhibition in primary chondrocytes. Interestingly, apatite crystals, associated or not to collagen, mimicked the effects of TNAP on VSMC trans-differentiation. AP and apatite crystals increased the expression of BMP-2 in VSMCs, and TNAP inhibition reduced BMP-2 levels in chondrocytes. Finally, the BMP-2 inhibitor noggin blocked the rise in aggrecan induced by AP in VSMCs, suggesting that TNAP induction in VSMCs triggers calcification, which stimulates chondrogenesis through BMP-2. Endochondral ossification in atherosclerotic plaques may therefore be induced by crystals, probably to confer stability to plaques with microcalcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fakhry
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monika Roszkowska
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne Briolay
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, LBTO, UMR INSERM 1059, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Juan Ignacio Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - René Buchet
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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23
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Effect of an Experimental Direct Pulp-capping Material on the Properties and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34713. [PMID: 27698421 PMCID: PMC5048176 DOI: 10.1038/srep34713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective pulp-capping materials must have antibacterial properties and induce dentin bridge formation; however, many current materials do not satisfy clinical requirements. Accordingly, the effects of an experiment pulp-capping material (Exp) composed of an antibacterial resin monomer (MAE-DB) and Portland cement (PC) on the viability, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were examined. Based on a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, hDPSCs exposed to Exp extracts showed limited viability at 24 and 48 h, but displayed comparable viability to the control at 72 h. hDPSC treatment with Exp extracts enhanced cellular adhesion and migration according to in vitro scratch wound healing and Transwell migration assays. Exp significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The hDPSCs cultured with Exp exhibited higher ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro compared with the control group. The novel material showed comparable cytocompatibility to control cells and promoted the adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, indicating excellent biocompatibility. This new direct pulp-capping material containing MAE-DB and PC shows promise as a potential alternative to conventional materials for direct pulp capping.
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24
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Effects of pre-reacted glass-ionomer cement on the viability and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells derived from deciduous teeth. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Liu S, Wang S, Dong Y. Evaluation of a Bioceramic as a Pulp Capping Agent In Vitro and In Vivo. J Endod 2015; 41:652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Jiang L, Peng WW, Li LF, Du R, Wu TT, Zhou ZJ, Zhao JJ, Yang Y, Qu DL, Zhu YQ. Effects of deferoxamine on the repair ability of dental pulp cells in vitro. J Endod 2014; 40:1100-4. [PMID: 25069915 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In previous studies, we found that hypoxia promoted the mineralization of dental pulp cells (DPCs). However, the clinical application of hypoxia as a therapy is questionable or unfeasible. Deferoxamine (DFO), a medication for iron overload, has also been shown to induce hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DFO on the repair ability of DPCs. METHODS DPCs were obtained by using a tissue explant technique in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of DFO or hypoxia culture for 2 days. The viability, proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation of DPCs were assayed and analyzed. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) was assessed through Western blotting. RESULTS Ten micromolars of DFO enhanced the expression of HIF-1α similarly to hypoxia and did not affect the viability of DPCs for 2 days. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation of DPCs were promoted by DFO. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DFO might improve the repair ability of DPCs by HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Peng
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Fen Li
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wu
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Lin Qu
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Gong W, Huang Z, Dong Y, Gan Y, Li S, Gao X, Chen X. Ionic extraction of a novel nano-sized bioactive glass enhances differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2013; 40:83-8. [PMID: 24331996 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel nano-sized 58S bioactive glass (nano-58S BG) on the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. METHODS Extractions were prepared by incubating nano-58S BG, 45S5 BG, or 58S BG particulates in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium at 1% w/v for 24 hours and were filtrated through 0.22-μm filters. The supernatants were used as BG extractions. The hDPCs were cultured in nano-58S BG, 45S5 BG, and 58S BG extractions. The proliferation of hDPCs was evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction of differentiation- and mineralization-related genes, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein 1. The gene expressions were verified using ALP activity assessment, immunocytochemistry staining of osteocalcin and DSPP, and mineralization assay using alizarin red S stain. RESULTS All BG extractions up-regulated the expression of odontogenic genes, and the most significant enhancement was in the nano-58S BG group. All BG extractions, especially nano-58S, increased ALP activity, osteocalcin and DSPP protein production, and mineralized nodules formation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with regular BG, the novel nano-58S BG can induce the differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs more efficiently and might be a better potential candidate for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Gong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yehua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Human Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Qi SC, Cui C, Yan YH, Sun GH, Zhu SR. Effects of high-mobility group box 1 on the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2013; 46:1153-63. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Qi
- Center of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei
- Department of Stomatology; The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai
| | - C. Cui
- Center of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei
| | - Y. H. Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - G. H. Sun
- Center of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei
| | - S. R. Zhu
- Center of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei
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29
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Cox RF, Morgan MP. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: Lessons from physiological mineralization. Bone 2013; 53:437-50. [PMID: 23334083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammographic mammary microcalcifications are routinely used for the early detection of breast cancer, however the mechanisms by which they form remain unclear. Two species of mammary microcalcifications have been identified; calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite. Calcium oxalate is mostly associated with benign lesions of the breast, whereas hydroxyapatite is associated with both benign and malignant tumors. The way in which hydroxyapatite forms within mammary tissue remains largely unexplored, however lessons can be learned from the process of physiological mineralization. Normal physiological mineralization by osteoblasts results in hydroxyapatite deposition in bone. This review brings together existing knowledge from the field of physiological mineralization and juxtaposes it with our current understanding of the genesis of mammary microcalcifications. As an increasing number of breast cancers are being detected in their non-palpable stage through mammographic microcalcifications, it is important that future studies investigate the underlying mechanisms of their formation in order to fully understand the significance of this unique early marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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30
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Zhang S, Yang X, Fan M. BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus optimize the proliferation and mineralization ability of human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2013; 46:923-9. [PMID: 23480297 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the cytotoxicity of BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus root canal sealer (iRoot BP Plus) to human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and their effect on proliferation and mineralization of hDPCs and to compare their performance with that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY Human dental pulp cells were seeded onto the prepared BioAggregate, iRoot BP Plus and MTA, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 cell proliferation kit on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. ALP activity was measured to evaluate the cell differentiation potential on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The expression of odontoblastic differentiation-related genes (dentine phosphoprotein, dentine matrix protein-1 and osteocalcin) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical tests used were one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS The proliferation of hDPCs in the MTA group was suppressed throughout the culture period, whereas the BioAggregate group and the iRoot BP Plus group first significantly increased cell numbers on day 1 (P < 0.01) and then decreased on day 3 to day 7. ALP activity was enhanced in all the three groups from day 3, whilst iRoot BP Plus showed significantly higher ALP activity than MTA (P < 0.01). qRT-PCR indicated that both BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus groups were associated with a higher upregulation of mineralization and odontoblastic differentiation-associated gene expressions as compared to MTA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus were nontoxic and able to induce mineralization and odontoblastic differentiation-associated gene expression in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Yang G, Fan M. Effects of Homeobox Gene Distal-less 3 on Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2012; 38:1504-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kavukcuoglu NB, Li Q, Pleshko N, Uitto J. Connective tissue mineralization in Abcc6-/- mice, a model for pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:246-52. [PMID: 22421595 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable multisystem disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization. However, the structure of the mineral deposits, their interactions with the connective tissue matrix, and the details of the progressive maturation of the mineral crystals are currently unknown. In this study, we examined the mineralization processes in Abcc6(-/-) mice, a model system for PXE, by energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS). The results indicated that the principal components of the mineral deposits were calcium and phosphate which co-localized within the histologically demonstrable lesions determined by topographic mapping. The Ca/P ratio increased in samples with progressive mineralization reaching the value comparable to that in endochondral bone. A progressive increase in mineralization was also reflected by increased mineral-to-matrix ratio determined by FT-IRIS. Determination of the mineral phases by FT-IRIS suggested progressive maturation of the mineral deposits from amorphous calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite. These results provide critical information of the mechanisms of mineralization in PXE, with potential pharmacologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Beril Kavukcuoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Peng W, Liu W, Zhai W, Jiang L, Li L, Chang J, Zhu Y. Effect of Tricalcium Silicate on the Proliferation and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2011; 37:1240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hunter LW, Shiekh FA, Pisimisis GT, Kim SH, Edeh SN, Miller VM, Lieske JC. Key role of alkaline phosphatase in the development of human-derived nanoparticles in vitro. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1339-45. [PMID: 21029794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme critical for physiological and pathological biomineralization. Experiments were designed to determine whether ALP participates in the formation of calcifying nanometer sized particles (NPs) in vitro. Filtered homogenates of human calcified carotid artery, aorta and kidney stones were inoculated into cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in the absence or presence of inhibitors of ALP or pyrophosphate. A calcific NP biofilm developed within 1 week after inoculation and their development was reduced by pyrophosphate and inhibitors of ALP. ALP protein and enzymatic activity were detected in washed NPs, whether calcified or decalcified. Therefore, ALP activity is required for the formation of calcifying NPs in vitro, as has previously been implicated during pathological calcification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Mahamid J, Addadi L, Weiner S. Crystallization Pathways in Bone. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 194:92-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000324229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abhishek A, Doherty M. Pathophysiology of articular chondrocalcinosis--role of ANKH. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 7:96-104. [PMID: 21102543 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposition (CPPD) is associated with ageing and osteoarthritis, and with uncommon disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, hemochromatosis and hypophosphatasia. Elevated levels of synovial fluid pyrophosphate promote CPP crystal formation. This extracellular pyrophosphate originates either from the breakdown of nucleotide triphosphates by plasma-cell membrane glycoprotein 1 (PC-1) or from pyrophosphate transport by the transmembrane protein progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANK). Although the etiology of apparent sporadic CPPD is not well-established, mutations in the ANK human gene (ANKH) have been shown to cause familial CPPD. In this Review, the key regulators of pyrophosphate metabolism and factors that lead to high extracellular pyrophosphate levels are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the mechanisms by which mutations in ANKH cause CPPD and the clinical phenotype of these mutations is discussed. Cartilage factors predisposing to CPPD and CPP-crystal-induced inflammation and current treatment options for the management of CPPD are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Abhishek
- Division of Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG51PB, UK.
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Jittapiromsak N, Sahawat D, Banlunara W, Sangvanich P, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan, an extracted product from Aloe vera, stimulates dental pulp cell proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and dentin formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1997-2006. [PMID: 20088703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of acemannan (Aloe vera gel polysaccharide) on dentin formation. Primary human dental pulp cells were treated with acemannan. New DNA synthesis, bone morphogenetic protein-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, dentin sialoprotein expression, and mineralization were determined by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, biochemical assay, western blotting, and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Then the upper first molars of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were intentionally exposed and capped with either acemannan or calcium hydroxide. At day 28, the teeth were histopathologically examined and evaluated for the degree of inflammation, dentin bridge formation, and pulp tissue organization. The results revealed that acemannan significantly increased pulp cell proliferation, bone morphogenetic protein-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, dentin sialoprotein expression, and mineralization, compared with the untreated group. The acemannan-treated group also exhibited a complete homogeneous calcified dentin bridge and good pulp tissue organization, whereas neither was detected in the calcium hydroxide-treated and sham groups. In the acemannan-treated group, either mild or no inflammation was found, whereas the other groups had various degrees of inflammation. The data suggest that acemannan promotes dentin formation by stimulating primary human dental pulp cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, and mineralization. Acemannan also has pulpal biocompatibility and promotes soft tissue organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaporn Jittapiromsak
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nakano Y, Forsprecher J, Kaartinen MT. Regulation of ATPase activity of transglutaminase 2 by MT1-MMP: implications for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:260-9. [PMID: 20049897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A pro-mineralization function for transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been suggested in numerous studies related to bone, cartilage, and vascular calcification. TG2 is an enzyme which can perform protein crosslinking functions, or act as a GTPase/ATPase depending upon different stimuli. We have previously demonstrated that TG2 can act as an ATPase in a Ca(2+)-rich environment and that it can regulate phosphate levels in osteoblast cultures. In this study, we investigate the role MT1-MMP in regulating the ATPase activity of TG2. We report that proteolytic cleavage of TG2 by MT1-MMP in vitro results in nearly a 3-fold increase in the ATPase activity of TG2 with a concomitant reduction in its protein-crosslinking activity. We show that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts secreted full-length TG2 and major smaller fragments of 66 and 56 kDa, the latter having ATP-binding abilities. MT1-MMP inhibition by a neutralizing antibody suppressed mineralization of osteoblast cultures to 35% of control, and significantly reduced phosphate levels in conditioned medium (CM). Furthermore, MT1-MMP inhibition abolished two of TG2 fragments in the cultures, one of which, the 56-kDa fragment, has ATPase activity. Neutralization of MT1-MMP at early phases of mineralization significantly reduced mineral deposition, but had no effect in later phases implying MT1-MMP and TG2 might contribute to the initiation of mineralization. The cleavage of TG2 by MT1-MMP likely occurs on the cell surface/pericellular matrix where MT1-MMP and TG2 were co-localized. Based on these data, we propose that MT1-MMP modulates the extracellular function TG2 as part of a regulatory mechanism activates the pro-mineralization function of TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kolmas J, Kalinowski E, Wojtowicz A, Kolodziejski W. Mid-infrared reflectance microspectroscopy of human molars: Chemical comparison of the dentin–enamel junction with the adjacent tissues. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sekrecka-Belniak A, Balcerzak M, Buchet R, Pikula S. Active creatine kinase is present in matrix vesicles isolated from femurs of chicken embryo: Implications for bone mineralization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1432-6. [PMID: 20026305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of matrix vesicles (MVs) isolated from 17-day-old chicken embryo femurs revealed the presence of creatine kinase. In this report we identified the enzyme functionally and suggest that the enzyme may participate in the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphocreatine within the lumen of these organelles. Then, ATP is converted by nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes such as Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, protein kinase C, or alkaline phosphatase to yield inorganic phosphate (P(i)), a substrate for mineralization. Alternatively, ATP can be hydrolyzed by a nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 producing inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), a mineralization inhibitor. In addition, immunochemical evidence indicated that VDAC 2 is present in MVs that may serve as a transporter of nucleotides from the extracellular matrix. We discussed the implications of ATP production and hydrolysis by MVs as regulatory mechanisms for mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sekrecka-Belniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur S., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Golub EE. Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1592-8. [PMID: 19786074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been debated and remains controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies spanning the whole history of matrix vesicles, but emphasizes recent findings and several hypotheses which have been recently introduced to explain in greater detail how matrix vesicles function in biomineralization. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is now generally accepted that matrix vesicles have some role(s) in mineralization; that they are the initial site of mineral formation; that MV bud from the plasma membrane of mineral forming cells, but that they take with them only a subset of the materials found in the parent membrane; that the three proteins, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase and annexin V have important roles in the process and that matrix vesicles participate in regulating the concentration of PPi in the matrix. In contrast, many open questions remain to be answered. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization will increase our knowledge of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis E Golub
- Biochemistry Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Chen KH, Li MJ, Cheng WT, Balic-Zunic T, Lin SY. Identification of monoclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite in human sclera using Raman microspectroscopy. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:74-8. [PMID: 19200254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy was first used to determine the composition of a calcified plaque located at the pterygium-excision site of a 51-year-old female patient's left nasal sclera after surgery. It was unexpectedly found that the Raman spectrum of the calcified sample at 1149, 1108, 1049, 756, 517, 376 and 352/cm was similar to the Raman spectrum of monoclinic form of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal, but differed from the Raman spectrum of triclinic form of CPPD. An additional peak at 958/cm was also observed in the Raman spectrum of the calcified plaque, which was identical to the characteristic peak at 958/cm of hydroxyapatite (HA). This is the first study to report the spectral biodiagnosis of both monoclinic CPPD and HA co-deposited in the calcified plaque of a patient with sclera dystrophic calcification using Raman microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Thouverey C, Bechkoff G, Pikula S, Buchet R. Inorganic pyrophosphate as a regulator of hydroxyapatite or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate mineral deposition by matrix vesicles. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:64-72. [PMID: 18603452 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological mineralization is induced by unbalance between pro- and anti-mineralization factors. In calcifying osteoarthritic joints, articular chondrocytes undergo terminal differentiation similar to that in growth plate cartilage and release matrix vesicles (MVs) responsible for hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)) is a likely source of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) to sustain HA formation when hydrolyzed but also a potent inhibitor preventing apatite mineral deposition and growth. Moreover, an excess of PP(i) can lead to CPPD formation, a marker of pathological calcification in osteoarthritic joints. It was suggested that the P(i)/PP(i) ratio during biomineralization is a turning point between physiological and pathological mineralization. The aim of this work was to determine the conditions favoring either HA or CPPD formation initiated by MVs. METHODS MVs were isolated from 17-day-old chicken embryo growth plate cartilages and subjected to mineralization in the presence of various P(i)/PP(i) ratios. The mineralization kinetics and the chemical composition of minerals were determined, respectively, by light scattering and infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS The formation of HA is optimal when the P(i)/PP(i) molar ratio is above 140, but is completely inhibited when the ratio decreases below 70. The retardation of any mineral formation is maximal at P(i)/PP(i) ratio around 30. CPPD is exclusively produced by MVs when the ratio is below 6, but it is inhibited for the ratio exceeding 25. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the P(i)/PP(i) ratio being a determinant factor leading to pathological mineralization or its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thouverey
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Li L, Buchet R, Wu Y. Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced hydroxyapatite formation: a biological model of matrix vesicle nucleation to screen inhibitors of mineralization. Anal Biochem 2008; 381:123-8. [PMID: 18585364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the inhibition mechanisms of hydroxyapatite (HA), a biological model mimicking the mineralization process was developed. The addition of 4% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in synthetic cartilage lymph (SCL) medium containing 2 mM calcium and 3.42 mM inorganic phosphate (P(i)) at pH 7.6 and 37 degrees C produced HA as matrix vesicles (MVs) under physiological conditions. Such a model has the advantage of monitoring the HA nucleation process without interfering with other processes at the cellular or enzymatic level. Turbidity measurements allowed us to follow the process of nucleation, whereas infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction permitted us to identify HA. Mineral formation induced by DMSO and by MVs in the SCL medium produced crystalline HA in a similar manner. The nucleation model served to evaluate the inhibition effects of ATP, GTP, UTP, ADP, ADP-ribose, AMP, and pyrophosphate (PP(i)). Here 10 microM PP(i), 100 microM nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, UTP), and 1 mM ADP inhibited HA formation directly, whereas 1 mM ADP-ribose and 1 mM AMP did not. This confirmed that the PP(i) group is a potent inhibitor of HA formation. Increasing the PP(i) concentration from 100 microM to 1 mM induced calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. We propose that DMSO-induced HA formation could serve to screen putative inhibitors of mineral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France
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Orimo H, Shimada T. The role of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in the phosphate-induced activation of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization in SaOS-2 human osteoblast-like cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 315:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Welldon KJ, Atkins GJ, Howie DW, Findlay DM. Primary human osteoblasts grow into porous tantalum and maintain an osteoblastic phenotype. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:691-701. [PMID: 17635018 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) has found application in orthopedics, although the interaction of human osteoblasts (HOB) with this material has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of primary HOB with porous tantalum, using 5-mm thick discs of porous tantalum. Comparison was made with discs of solid tantalum and tissue culture plastic. Confocal microscopy was used to investigate the attachment and growth of cells on porous Ta, and showed that HOB attached successfully to the metal "trabeculae," underwent extensive cell division, and penetrated into the Ta pores. The maturation of HOB on porous Ta was determined in terms of cell expression of the osteoblast phenotypic markers, STRO-1, and alkaline phosphatase. Despite some donor-dependent variation in STRO-1/AlkPhos expression, growth of cells grown on porous Ta either promoted, or did not impede, the maturation of HOB. In addition, the expression of key osteoblastic genes was investigated after 14 days of culture. The relative levels of mRNA encoding osteocalcin, osteopontin and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) was not different between porous or solid Ta or plastic, although these genes were expressed differently by cells of different donors. However, bone sialoprotein and type I collagen mRNA species showed a decreased expression on porous Ta compared with expression on plastic. No substrate-dependent differences were seen in the extent of in vitro mineralization by HOB. These results indicate that porous Ta is a good substrate for the attachment, growth, and differentiated function of HOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Welldon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Balcerzak M, Malinowska A, Thouverey C, Sekrecka A, Dadlez M, Buchet R, Pikula S. Proteome analysis of matrix vesicles isolated from femurs of chicken embryo. Proteomics 2008; 8:192-205. [PMID: 18095356 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) are extracellular organelles that initiate mineral formation, accumulating inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and calcium leading to the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, the main mineral component of bones. MVs are produced during bone formation, as well as during the endochondral calcification of cartilage. MVs are released into the extracellular matrix from osseous cells such as osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. In this report, using 1-D SDS-PAGE, in-gel tryptic digestion and an LC-MS-MS/MS protein identification protocol, we characterized the proteome of MVs isolated from chicken embryo (Gallus gallus) bones and cartilage. We identified 126 gene products, including proteins related to the extracellular matrix and ion transport, as well as enzymes, cytoskeletal, and regulatory proteins. Among the proteins recognized for the first time in MVs were aquaporin 1, annexin A1 (AnxA1), AnxA11, glycoprotein HT7, G(i) protein alpha2, and scavenger receptor type B. The pathways for targeting the identified proteins into MVs and their particular functions in the biomineralization process are discussed. Obtaining a knowledge of the functions and roles of these proteins during embryonic mineralization is a prerequisite for the overall understanding of the initial mineral formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Balcerzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw, Poland
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Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy and microscopic imaging of bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e3282b97133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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50
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The inorganic phosphate/inorganic pyrophosphate axis in the mineralization of cartilage and bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e328285dffc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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