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Feng J, Huang Z, Lu J, Chan L, Feng X, Lei L, Huang Z, Lin L, Yao Y, Zhang X. Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in osteoblasts impaired the bone healing in inflammatory microenvironment. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:136-151. [PMID: 37347649 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effect of Stat3 on the osteoblast-mediated bone healing in the inflammatory lesion. METHODS The conditional knockout of Stat3 in osteoblasts (Stat3 CKO) was generated via the Cre-loxP recombination system using Osterix-Cre transgenic mice. The calvarial bone inflammatory lesions were established on both Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice, then harvested to assess the bone healing. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, osteoblasts from Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice were subjected to examine the formation of calcium deposits, the expression of osteogenic markers (i.e., Runx2, OPN, COL1A1), and osteoclast-related markers (i.e., RANKL, OPG). The EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation and migration of the cells. RESULTS A decrease in bone mass and an increase in osteolysis were found in the inflammatory lesions on Stat3 CKO mice when compared with the control. More osteoclastic-like cells and an increased expression of RANKL were observed in Stat3 CKO mice. Both mRNA and protein expressions of Stat3 and osteogenic markers in the lesions were significantly decreased in Stat3 CKO mice. After co-cultured with osteogenic medium, the Stat3-deficient osteoblasts were found with a significant decrease in calcium deposits and the expression of osteogenic markers, and with a significant increased expression of RANKL. The impaired ossification of Stat3-deficient osteoblasts was even more pronounced with the presence of lipopolysaccharides in vitro. The most decrease in cell proliferation and migration was found in Stat3-deficient osteoblasts in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Stat3 in osteoblasts impaired bone healing in an inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Laiting Chan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Lei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwei Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lichieh Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Yao Q, Li C, Yang H, Liang Y, Yang H, Meng M, Xiao Q, Qin J. Bone protective effects of the polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice via inhibiting PINK1/Parkin signaling, oxidative stress and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132370. [PMID: 38763253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa(GFP) have gained worldwide attention owing to their promising biological activities and potential health benefits. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of GFP on alleviation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and examine the underlying mechanism. METHOD A mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established by OVX method, Forty eight C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into Normal group, OVX alone (Model group, n = 8), OVX + 10 mg/kg GFP (GFP-L group, n = 8), OVX + 20 mg/kg GFP (GFP-M group, n = 8), OVX + 40 mg/kg GFP (GFP-H group, n = 8), OVX + 10 mg/kg Estradiol valerate (Positive group, n = 8). RESULTS The results showed that compared with Model group, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly reduced, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased, the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced, and the proteins levels of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin-1 and LC3-II were significantly decreased in the GFP groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that GFP alleviates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, improvement in the oxidative stress status in the body, and inhibition of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Changqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yanbo Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Heqi Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an 271000, China.
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Vieira GDS, Kimura TDC, Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Emerick C, Gonçalves MT, Damas II, Figueiredo-Maciel T, Sales de Sá R, Aquino IG, Gonçalves de Paiva JP, Fernandes PM, Gonçalves MWA, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Fillmore GC, Mariano FV, Egal ESA. Hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors in head and neck cancers: Recent advances and therapeutic challenges. Cytokine 2024; 173:156417. [PMID: 37944421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are key cytokines responsible for the production, maturation, and mobilization of the granulocytic and macrophage lineages from the bone marrow, which have been gaining attention for playing pro- and/or anti-tumorigenic roles in cancer. Head and neck cancers (HNCs) represent a group of heterogeneous neoplasms with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment for HNCs is still limited even with the advancements in cancer immunotherapy. Novel treatments for patients with recurrent and metastatic HNCs are urgently needed. This article provides an in-depth review of the role of hematopoietic cytokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3; also known as multi-CSF) in the HNCs tumor microenvironment. We have reviewed current results from clinical trials using CSFs as adjuvant therapy to treat HNCs patients, and also clinical findings reported to date on the therapeutic application of CSFs toxicities arising from chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Souza Vieira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita de Carvalho Kimura
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Emerick
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Trevizol Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Iara Damas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tayná Figueiredo-Maciel
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raisa Sales de Sá
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Gonçalves Aquino
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Gonçalves de Paiva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gary Chris Fillmore
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Zhou P, Zheng T, Zhao B. Cytokine-mediated immunomodulation of osteoclastogenesis. Bone 2022; 164:116540. [PMID: 36031187 PMCID: PMC10657632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are an important set of proteins regulating bone homeostasis. In inflammation induced bone resorption, cytokines, such as RANKL, TNF-α, M-CSF, are indispensable for the differentiation and activation of resorption-driving osteoclasts, the process we know as osteoclastogenesis. On the other hand, immune system produces a number of regulatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFNs, and limits excessive activation of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss during inflammation. These unique properties make cytokines powerful targets as rheostat to maintain bone homeostasis and for potential immunotherapies of inflammatory bone diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in cytokine-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis and provide insights of potential translational impact of bench-side research into clinical treatment of bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Ting Zheng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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Huang J, Freyhult E, Buckland R, Josefsson A, Damber JE, Welén K. Osteoclasts directly influence castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:801-814. [PMID: 35971022 PMCID: PMC9474581 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone is the leading cause of death from prostate cancer. Interaction between tumor cells and bone cells can promote progression and influence tumor phenotype. It is known that prostate cancer cells support osteoclast differentiation, and degradation of bone matrix by osteoclasts releases growth factors stimulating tumor cell proliferation and invasion. In the present study osteolytic (PC-3) and osteoblastic (LNCaP-19) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells were co-cultured with mature osteoclasts or their precursor cells (RAW 264.7) to characterize direct effects of mature osteoclasts on CRPC cells. Osteoclasts increased proliferation and decrease apoptosis of CRPC cells as assessed with flow cytometry. RNA sequencing revealed that osteolytic CRPC cells were more responsive to osteoclast stimulation regarding gene expression, but the overall induced expression patterns were similar between the prostate cancer cell lines. Genes related to DNA repair were upregulated by osteoclasts, while genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated. The results of this study shows that osteoclasts directly influence CRPC cells, increasing proliferation, decreasing apoptosis, and affecting gene expression pathways that can affect sensitivity to DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum function. This suggests targeting of osteoclasts to be a possible way to affect efficacy of other drugs by combination regimens in treating prostate cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Buckland
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Urology & Andrology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Urology & Andrology, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Dong X, Feng J, Li B, Bai D, Xu H. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by interleukin-33 administration in the periodontal ligament under mechanical loading. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1003-1013. [PMID: 35930702 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The molecular mechanisms mediating external root resorption are poorly understood. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) expression increased remarkably in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under orthodontic loading. The IL-33-driven responses are delicately cell type- and tissue context-dependent. It is unknown how IL-33 act on osteoclastogenesis in the context of root surface. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-33 on osteoclastogenesis in the PDL under mechanical loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were treated with injections of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or recombinant mouse IL-33 (rmIL-33, 6 μl, 30 μg/ml), and subjected to models of orthodontic tooth movement. Tartrated resistant acid phosphates (TRAP)-positive cells and IL-33 expressions were examined in the PDL. IL-33 release from human PDL cells (hPDLCs) was detected by ELISA. Cementoblast-like (OCCM-30) cells were cultured in the presence of rmIL-33 to examine the release of osteoclast-regulatory proteins. The effects of rmIL-33 on osteoclastogenesis were examined in vitro in cultures of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and in BMMs-OCCM-30 cocultures. Expressions of osteoclast-specific or -related genes and proteins were investigated in BMMs-OCCM-30 cocultures treated with or without rmIL-33, in the presence or absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) neutralizing antibody. RESULTS Interleukin-33 expressions were upregulated in the PDL under orthodontic loading. Static compressive force enhanced expression and release of IL-33 from hPDLCs. Administration of rmIL-33 resulted in reduced number of TRAP-positive cells in the PDL, and inhibited osteoclast differentiation from BMMs in vitro. OCCM-30 cells had varied osteoprotegerin (OPG) / receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) secretion and increased release of GM-CSF under rmIL-33 stimulation. Treatment with rmIL-33 in BMMs-OCCM-30 cocultures resulted in inhibited differentiation and decreased activity of osteoclasts, and these effects were partially reversed by GM-CSF neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-33 inhibits osteoclastogenesis in the PDL under orthodontic loading. The anti-osteoclastogenic effects were mediated partly by directly affecting osteoclast precursors and partly by cementoblast-mediated release of GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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TIAN L, SUN S, WANG J, LI W, WANG X. GINS2 affects activity/differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation of osteoblast and osteoclast in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating P53/GADD45A signaling pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.09921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei TIAN
- Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Shui SUN
- Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Jian WANG
- Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Wei LI
- Shandong First Medical University, China
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Peng Y, Li J, Lin H, Tian S, Liu S, Pu F, Zhao L, Ma K, Qing X, Shao Z, Yp, Zs, Xq, Yp, Yp, Xq, Jl, St, Yp, Xq, Jl, St, Sl, Fp, Lz, Km, Xq, Yp, Xq, Hs, St, Yp, Jl, Hl, St, Lz, Fp, Sl, Zs, Xq. Endogenous repair theory enriches construction strategies for orthopaedic biomaterials: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:343-360. [PMID: 35837417 PMCID: PMC9255795 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of tissue engineering has led to new strategies for mitigating clinical problems; however, the design of the tissue engineering materials remains a challenge. The limited sources and inadequate function, potential risk of microbial or pathogen contamination, and high cost of cell expansion impair the efficacy and limit the application of exogenous cells in tissue engineering. However, endogenous cells in native tissues have been reported to be capable of spontaneous repair of the damaged tissue. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, and thus can differentiate or be reprogrammed to alter their phenotype and function after stimulation. After a comprehensive review, we found that the plasticity of these cells plays a major role in establishing the cell source in the mechanism involved in tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering materials that focus on assisting and promoting the natural self-repair function of endogenous cells may break through the limitations of exogenous seed cells and further expand the applications of tissue engineering materials in tissue repair. This review discusses the effects of endogenous cells, especially stem cells, on injured tissue repairing, and highlights the potential utilisation of endogenous repair in orthopaedic biomaterial constructions for bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zengwu Shao
- Corresponding authors: Zengwu Shao, ; Xiangcheng Qing,
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Momiuchi Y, Motomura Y, Suga E, Mizuno H, Kikuta J, Morimoto A, Mochizuki M, Otaki N, Ishii M, Moro K. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in bone marrow regulate osteoclastogenesis in a reciprocal manner via RANKL, GM-CSF and IL-13. Int Immunol 2021; 33:573-585. [PMID: 34498703 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident cells that play different roles in different organs by sensing surrounding environmental factors. Initially, it was thought that ILC2s in bone marrow (BM) are progenitors for systemic ILC2s, which migrate to other organs and acquire effector functions. However, accumulating evidence that ILC2s differentiate in peripheral tissues suggests that BM ILC2s may play a specific role in the BM as a unique effector per se. Here, we demonstrate that BM ILC2s highly express the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), a robust cytokine for osteoclast differentiation and activation, and RANKL expression on ILC2s is up-regulated by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7 and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). BM ILC2s co-cultured with BM-derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (BMMs) in the presence of IL-7 induce the differentiation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts in a RANKL-dependent manner. In contrast, BM ILC2s stimulated with IL-33 down-regulate RANKL expression and convert BMMs differentiation into M2 macrophage-like cells rather than osteoclasts by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-13 production. Intravital imaging using two-photon microscopy revealed that a depletion of ILC2s prominently impaired in vivo osteoclast activity in an IL-7 plus ATRA-induced bone loss mouse model. These results suggest that ILC2s regulate osteoclast activation and contribute to bone homeostasis in both steady state and IL-33-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Momiuchi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Sciences, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emiko Suga
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizuno
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akito Morimoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miho Mochizuki
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Natsuko Otaki
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, 3-5 Shinano-machi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Sciences, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Tang M, Lu L, Yu X. Interleukin-17A Interweaves the Skeletal and Immune Systems. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625034. [PMID: 33613566 PMCID: PMC7890031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex crosstalk between the immune and the skeletal systems plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis. Various cytokines are involved, including interleukin (IL)-17A. A variety of immune and inflammatory cells produces IL-17A, especially Th17 cells, a subtype of CD4+ T cells. IL-17A orchestrates diverse inflammatory and immune processes. IL-17A induces direct and indirect effects on osteoclasts. The dual role of IL-17A on osteoclasts partly depends on its concentrations and interactions with other factors. Interestingly, IL-17A exerts a dual role in osteoblasts in vitro. IL-17A is a bone-destroying cytokine in numerous immune-mediated bone diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondylarthritis (axSpA). This review will summarize and discuss the pathophysiological roles of IL-17A on the skeletal system and its potential strategies for application in immune-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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13
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Ragipoglu D, Dudeck A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Voss M, Kroner J, Ignatius A, Fischer V. The Role of Mast Cells in Bone Metabolism and Bone Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:163. [PMID: 32117297 PMCID: PMC7025484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are important sensor and effector cells of the immune system that are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing evidence suggests that they also play an important role in bone metabolism and bone disorders. MCs are located in the bone marrow and secrete a wide spectrum of mediators, which can be rapidly released upon activation of mature MCs following their differentiation in mucosal or connective tissues. Many of these mediators can exert osteocatabolic effects by promoting osteoclast formation [e.g., histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and/or by inhibiting osteoblast activity (e.g., IL-1, TNF). By contrast, MCs could potentially act in an osteoprotective manner by stimulating osteoblasts (e.g., transforming growth factor-β) or reducing osteoclastogenesis (e.g., IL-12, interferon-γ). Experimental studies investigating MC functions in physiological bone turnover using MC-deficient mouse lines give contradictory results, reporting delayed or increased bone turnover or no influence depending on the mouse model used. By contrast, the involvement of MCs in various pathological conditions affecting bone is evident. MCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary osteoporosis as well as inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, because increased numbers of MCs were found in patients suffering from these diseases. The clinical observations could be largely confirmed in experimental studies using MC-deficient mouse models, which also provide mechanistic insights. MCs also regulate bone healing after fracture by influencing the inflammatory response toward the fracture, vascularization, bone formation, and callus remodeling by osteoclasts. This review summarizes the current view and understanding of the role of MCs on bone in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ragipoglu
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kroner
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Marino S, de Ridder D, Bishop RT, Renema N, Ponzetti M, Sophocleous A, Capulli M, Aljeffery A, Carrasco G, Gens MD, Khogeer A, Ralston SH, Gertsch J, Lamoureux F, Heymann D, Rucci N, Idris AI. Paradoxical effects of JZL184, an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, on bone remodelling in healthy and cancer-bearing mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:452-466. [PMID: 31151929 PMCID: PMC6606522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated bone disease is a serious complication in bone sarcomas and metastatic carcinomas of breast and prostate origin. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, and is responsible for the degradation of the most abundant endocannabinoid in bone, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG). Methods The effects of the verified MAGL inhibitor on bone remodelling were assessed in healthy mice and in mouse models of bone disease caused by prostate and breast cancers and osteosarcoma. Findings JZL184 reduced osteolytic bone metastasis in mouse models of breast and prostate cancers, and inhibited skeletal tumour growth, metastasis and the formation of ectopic bone in models of osteosarcoma. Additionally, JZL184 suppressed cachexia and prolonged survival in mice injected with metastatic osteosarcoma and osteotropic cancer cells. Functional and histological analysis revealed that the osteoprotective action of JZL184 in cancer models is predominately due to inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. In the absence of cancer, however, exposure to JZL184 exerts a paradoxical reduction of bone volume via an effect that is mediated by both Cnr1 and Cnr2 cannabinoid receptors. Interpretation MAGL inhibitors such as JZL184, or its novel analogues, may be of value in the treatment of bone disease caused by primary bone cancer and bone metastasis, however, activation of the skeletal endocannabinoid system may limit their usefulness as osteoprotective agents. The cannabinoid system plays a role in cancer and bone remodelling. Inhibition of MAGL reduced skeletal tumour growth, osteolysis, metastasis and prolonged survival in mouse models. In the absence of cancer, MAGL inhibition exerted a paradoxical reduction of bone volume via an effect mediated by Cnr1/2. Targeting MAGL is of potential therapeutic efficacy in primary bone cancer and bone metastasis. However, activation of cannabinoid receptors may limit the usefulness of MAGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Nathalie Renema
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Street, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mattia Capulli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Abdullah Aljeffery
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Giovana Carrasco
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; INSERM, U1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, University of Nantes, Université d'Angers, Blvd Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
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15
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Amarasekara DS, Yun H, Kim S, Lee N, Kim H, Rho J. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e8. [PMID: 29503739 PMCID: PMC5833125 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand play a central role in OC differentiation, which is also termed osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-34, promote OC differentiation, whereas anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and IL-33, downregulate OC differentiation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines is important in maintaining the balance between bone-resorbing OCs and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs), which eventually affects bone integrity. This review outlines the osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic properties of cytokines with regard to osteoimmunology, and summarizes our current understanding of the roles these cytokines play in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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16
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Ruef N, Dolder S, Aeberli D, Seitz M, Balani D, Hofstetter W. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent CD11c-positive cells differentiate into active osteoclasts. Bone 2017; 97:267-277. [PMID: 28161590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Levels of circulating cytokines are elevated in inflammatory diseases. Previously, it was shown that interleukin (IL-)17A, in synergism with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), induces the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by murine osteoblasts in vitro. In this study, we further analyzed the effects of GM-CSF on osteoclast development in vitro. The effects of IL-17A, TNFα, and 1,25(OH)2D3 on the regulation of osteoclast development were investigated in cocultures of bone marrow-derived osteoclast progenitor cells (OPC) and mouse calvarial osteoblasts. Additionally, OPC were grown for 3days in media containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), GM-CSF, or M-CSF/GM-CSF. Subsequently, the osteoclastogenic potential and the capacity to dissolve amorphous calcium phosphate were assessed in each of the three populations of OPC. IL-17A, in synergism with TNFα and 1,25(OH)2D3, inhibited the development of osteoclasts in cocultures by stimulating the osteoblast lineage cells to release GM-CSF. GM-CSF-treated OPC expressed traits characteristic of dendritic cells. Upon removal of GM-CSF and supplementation of the culture media with M-CSF/RANKL, the cells lost their dendritic cell characteristics and differentiated into osteoclasts. OPC pretreated with GM-CSF and M-CSF/GM-CSF exhibited delayed development to osteoclasts and an extended proliferation phase. Elevated levels of GM-CSF in systemic inflammatory diseases may cause an expansion of the OPC pools in the bone, bone marrow, and blood. Upon homing to the bone, this may lead to an increase in the number of osteoclasts and in bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ruef
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dolder
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Aeberli
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michal Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deepak Balani
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang W, Liu X. Screening for potential genes associated with bone overgrowth after mid-shaft femur fracture in a rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2017; 12:8. [PMID: 28095896 PMCID: PMC5240322 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of bone overgrowth after femoral fracture by using high-throughput bioinformatics approaches. Methods The gene expression profile of GSE3298 (accession number) was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Sixteen femoral growth plate samples, including nine samples without fracture and seven fracture samples for seven time points, were used for analysis. The Limma package was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between fractured and intact samples. The DAVID online tool was used for Gene ontology functional and pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network established by String software was used to identify interactions between significant DEGs, and network modules were detected using plug-in MCODE. Additionally, a transcription regulatory network was constructed based on the ENCODE Project and PPI network. Results A total of 680 DEGs were screened in fractured femoral growth plate samples compared with controls, including 238 up- and 442 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were significantly involved in the calcium signaling pathway and cancer pathway. A PPI network was constructed with 167 nodes and 233 edges, and module analysis demonstrated that CCL2, CSF2, NOS2, and DLC1 may stimulate bone overgrowth after femoral fracture via anti-apoptosis-related functions. A transcription regulatory network was constructed with 387 interacting pairs, and overlapping nodes were significantly enriched in intracellular signaling cascade and regulation of cell proliferation, among others. Conclusions Bone overgrowth was associated with changes in the expression of identified DEGs such as CCL2, NOS2, CSF2, and DLC1 in the femoral head. They may be important in regulating bone overgrowth via the anti-apoptosis of osteoblasts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13018-017-0510-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibing Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang St 218 Nan Guan District, Changchun, 130041, China
| | | | - Weizhong Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Xiuxin Liu
- The Six Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Medical Examination Center, Autonomous Region, Five Star South Road, No. 39, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur, 830002, China.
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18
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Shi C, Zhang H, Louie K, Mishina Y, Sun H. BMP Signaling Mediated by BMPR1A in Osteoclasts Negatively Regulates Osteoblast Mineralization Through Suppression of Cx43. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:605-614. [PMID: 27649478 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are well orchestrated through different mechanisms of communication during bone remodeling. Previously, we found that osteoclast-specific disruption of one of the BMP receptors, Bmpr1a, results in increased osteoblastic bone formation in mice. We hypothesized that BMPR1A signaling in osteoclasts regulates production of either membrane bound proteins or secreted molecules that regulated osteoblast differentiation. In our current study, we co-cultured wild-type osteoblasts with either control osteoclasts or osteoclasts lacking BMPR1A signaling activity. We found that loss of Bmpr1a in osteoclasts promoted osteoblast mineralization in vitro. Further, we found that the expression of Cx43/Gja1 in the mutant osteoclasts was increased, which encoded for one of the gap junction proteins connexin 43/gap junction alpha 1. Knockdown of Gja1 in the mutant osteoclasts for Bmpr1a reduced osteoblastic mineralization when co-cultured. Our findings suggest that GJA1 may be one of the downstream targets of BMPR1A signaling in osteoclasts that mediates osteoclast-osteoblast communication during bone remodeling. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 605-614, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.,Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078
| | - Ke'ale Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
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19
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Hong IS. Stimulatory versus suppressive effects of GM-CSF on tumor progression in multiple cancer types. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e242. [PMID: 27364892 PMCID: PMC4973317 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, also called CSF-2) is best known for its critical role in immune modulation and hematopoiesis. A large body of experimental evidence indicates that GM-CSF, which is frequently upregulated in multiple types of human cancers, effectively marks cancer cells with a ‘danger flag' for the immune system. In this context, most studies have focused on its function as an immunomodulator, namely its ability to stimulate dendritic cell (DC) maturation and monocyte/macrophage activity. However, recent studies have suggested that GM-CSF also promotes immune-independent tumor progression by supporting tumor microenvironments and stimulating tumor growth and metastasis. Although some studies have suggested that GM-CSF has inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis, an even greater number of studies show that GM-CSF exerts stimulatory effects on tumor progression. In this review, we summarize a number of findings to provide the currently available information regarding the anticancer immune response of GM-CSG. We then discuss the potential roles of GM-CSF in the progression of multiple types of cancer to provide insights into some of the complexities of its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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20
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Xie W, Lorenz S, Dolder S, Hofstetter W. Extracellular Iron is a Modulator of the Differentiation of Osteoclast Lineage Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:275-83. [PMID: 26615413 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts originate from the hematopoietic stem cell and share a differentiation pathway with the cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineages. Development and activation of osteoclasts, and as a consequence regulation of bone resorption, depend on two growth factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Furthermore, cell development and activity are modulated by a microenvironment composed of cytokines and growth factors and of the extracellular matrix. Membrane transporters are a means for cells to interact with their environment. Within this study, the expression of proteins regulating cellular iron homeostasis in osteoclast-like cells grown from bone marrow-derived progenitors was compared to the expression of this set of proteins by monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. In differentiating osteoclasts, levels of transcripts encoding transferrin receptor 1 and divalent metal transporter 1 (Slc11A2) were increased, while levels of transcripts encoding ferroportin (Slc40A1) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Slc11A1) were decreased. Supplementation of the culture media with exogenous iron led to an increase in the proliferation of osteoclast progenitor cells and to the expression of a macrophage-like phenotype, while the development of osteoclasts was reduced. Upon transfer of mature OC onto a CaP substrate, iron depletion of the medium with the Fe(3+)-chelator Deferoxamine Mesylate decreased CaP dissolution by ~30 %, which could be restored by addition of exogenous iron. During the 24 h of the assay, no effects were observed on total TRAP activity. The data demonstrate transcriptional regulation of the components of cellular iron transporters during OC development and suggests that iron homeostasis may contribute to fine-tuning of the RANKL-induced OC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xie
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dolder
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Li XQ, Du X, Li DM, Kong PZ, Sun Y, Liu PF, Wang QS, Feng YM. ITGBL1 Is a Runx2 Transcriptional Target and Promotes Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by Activating the TGFβ Signaling Pathway. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3302-13. [PMID: 26060017 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis affects more than 70% of advanced breast cancer patients, but the molecular mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Here, we present clinical and experimental evidence to clarify the role of the integrin β-like 1 (ITGBL1) as a key contributor to bone metastasis of breast cancer. In an in vivo model system and in vitro experiments, ITGBL1 expression promoted formation of osteomimetic breast cancers, facilitating recruitment, residence, and growth of cancer cells in bone microenvironment along with osteoclast maturation there to form osteolytic lesions. Mechanistic investigations identified the TGFβ signaling pathway as a downstream effector of ITGBL1 and the transcription factor Runx2 as an upstream activator of ITGBL1 expression. In support of these findings, we also found that ITGBL1 was an essential mediator of Runx2-induced bone metastasis of breast cancer. Overall, our results illuminate how bone metastasis occurs in breast cancer, and they provide functional evidence for new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets to identify risk, to prevent, and to treat this dismal feature of advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China. Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng-Zhou Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei-Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China. Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China. Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Hamilton JA. GM-CSF as a target in inflammatory/autoimmune disease: current evidence and future therapeutic potential. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:457-65. [PMID: 25748625 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1024110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be viewed as a pro-inflammatory cytokine rather than as a key regulator of steady state and systemic myelopoiesis. Key aspects of GM-CSF biology need to be clarified such as pro-survival vs activation/differentiation function, its cellular sources, its responsive cell populations, its downstream mediators/pathways, and when GM-CSF is relevant. Striking effects of GM-CSF depletion/deletion in some pre-clinical autoimmune/inflammation models have been reported. Systemic effects of administered GM-CSF are not necessarily informative about its local blockade in disease. Recent clinical RA trials, particularly Phase II trials with mavrilimumab (anti-GM-CSFRα Ab), show rapid and impressive efficacy with no significant adverse effects. Larger and longer trials targeting GM-CSF are needed and with careful monitoring of unwanted side effects. This review summarizes the most recent information on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Caballé-Serrano J, Cvikl B, Bosshardt D, Buser D, Lussi A, Gruber R. Saliva Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis in Murine Bone Marrow Cultures. J Dent Res 2014; 94:192-200. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034514553977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva can reach mineralized surfaces in the oral cavity; however, the relationship between saliva and bone resorption is unclear. Herein, we examined whether saliva affects the process of osteoclastogenesis in vitro. We used murine bone marrow cultures to study osteoclast formation. The addition of fresh sterile saliva eliminated the formation of multinucleated cells that stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). In line with the histochemical staining, saliva substantially reduced gene expression of cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, and TRAP. Addition of saliva led to considerably decreased gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and, to a lesser extent, that of c-fms. The respective master regulators of osteoclastogenesis (c-fos and NFATc1) and the downstream cell fusion genes (DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2) showed decreased expression after the addition of saliva. Among the costimulatory molecules for osteoclastogenesis, only OSCAR showed decreased expression. In contrast, CD40, CD80, and CD86—all costimulatory molecules of phagocytic cells—were increasingly expressed with saliva. The phagocytic capacity of the cells was confirmed by latex bead ingestion. Based on these in vitro results, it can be concluded that saliva suppresses osteoclastogenesis and leads to the development of a phagocytic cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Cvikl
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - D.D. Bosshardt
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Gruber
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Gene expression changes in cancellous bone of type 2 diabetics: a biomolecular basis for diabetic bone disease. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 399:639-47. [PMID: 24715035 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus type 2 (2DM) is associated with altered bone quality. In order to analyze associated changes on a molecular level, we investigated the gene expression of key factors of osteoblast metabolism in type 2 diabetics. METHODS Total mRNA and protein of bone samples from 2DM patients and non-diabetic patients were isolated, and subsequently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or Western blot was performed. Furthermore, pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokine levels were determined using a cytokine array. RESULTS Expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was increased by 53 %. Expression of the bone sialoproteins, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1; osteopontin), and integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), was elevated by more than 50 %, and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression was 13 % lower in the investigated diabetes group compared to the control group. Similarly, the expression of versican (VCAN) and decorin (DCN) was upregulated twofold in the diabetic group. At the same time, 2DM patients and controls show alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies considerable changes in the expression of transcription factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of bone in 2DM patients. Furthermore, the analysis of key differentiation factors of osteoblasts revealed significant alterations in gene expression of these factors, which may contribute to the dysregulation of energy metabolism in 2DM.
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Mason SS, Kohles SS, Winn SR, Zelick RD. Extrahepatic 25-Hydroxylation of Vitamin D 3 in an Engineered Osteoblast Precursor Cell Line Exploring the Influence on Cellular Proliferation and Matrix Maturation during Bone Development. ISRN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2013; 2013:956362. [PMID: 34909434 PMCID: PMC8667671 DOI: 10.1155/2013/956362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblastic precursors experience distinct stages during differentiation and bone development, which include proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation, and ECM mineralization. It is well known that vitamin D plays a large role in the regulation of bone mineralization and homeostasis via the endocrine system. The activation of vitamin D requires two sequential hydroxylation steps, first in the kidney and then in the liver, in order to carry out its role in calcium homeostasis. Recent research has demonstrated that human-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts can metabolize the immediate vitamin D precursor 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) to the active steroid lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25OH2D3) and elicit an osteogenic response. However, reports of extrahepatic metabolism of vitamin D3, the parental vitamin D precursor, have been limited. In this study, we investigated whether osteoblast precursors have the capacity to convert vitamin D3 to 1,25OH2D3 and examined the potential of vitamin D3 to induce 1,25OH2D3 associated biological activities in osteoblast precursors. It was demonstrated that the engineered osteoblast precursor derived from human marrow (OPC1) is capable of metabolizing vitamin D3 to 1,25OH2D3 in a dose-dependent manner. It was also demonstrated that administration of vitamin D3 leads to the increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity associated with osteoblast ECM maturation and calcium deposits and a decrease in cellular proliferation in both osteoblast precursor cell lines 0PC1 andOMC3T3-E1. These findings provide a two-dimensional culture foundation for future three-dimensional engineered tissue studies using the OPC1 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S. Mason
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Sean S. Kohles
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Shelley R. Winn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Randy D. Zelick
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
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Balani D, Aeberli D, Hofstetter W, Seitz M. Interleukin-17A stimulates granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release by murine osteoblasts in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and inhibits murine osteoclast development in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:436-46. [PMID: 23124514 DOI: 10.1002/art.37762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. METHODS Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from the excised tibia and femora of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, and osteoblasts were obtained by sequential digestion of the calvariae of ddY, C57BL/6J, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-knockout (GM-CSF(-/-)) mice. Monocultures of BMCs or cocultures of BMCs and osteoblasts were supplemented with or without 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)(1,25[OH](2)D(3)), recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANKL, and IL-17A. After 5-6 days, the cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently stained for the osteoclast marker enzyme tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and GM-CSF expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and transcripts for RANK and RANKL were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In both culture systems, IL-17A alone did not affect the development of osteoclasts. However, the addition of IL-17A plus 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to cocultures inhibited early osteoclast development within the first 3 days of culture and induced release of GM-CSF into the culture supernatants. Furthermore, in cocultures of GM-CSF(-/-) mouse osteoblasts and wild-type mouse BMCs, IL-17A did not affect osteoclast development, corroborating the role of GM-CSF as the mediator of the observed inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by IL-17A. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IL-17A interferes with the differentiation of osteoclast precursors by inducing the release of GM-CSF from osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Balani
- Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kavitha CV, Deep G, Gangar SC, Jain AK, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Silibinin inhibits prostate cancer cells- and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by targeting NFATc1, NF-κB, and AP-1 activation in RAW264.7 cells. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:169-80. [PMID: 23115104 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are limited therapeutic options against bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCA), which is primarily responsible for high mortality and morbidity in PCA patients. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis is an essential feature associated with metastatic PCA in the bone microenvironment. Silibinin, an effective chemopreventive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in PCA patients but its efficacy against PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. Accordingly, here we examined silibinin effect on PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis employing human PCA (PC3MM2, PC3, and C4-2B) and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We also assessed silibinin effect on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced signaling associated with osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Further, we analyzed silibinin effect on osteomimicry biomarkers in PCA cells. Results revealed that silibinin (30-90 μM) inhibits PCA cells-induced osteoclast activity and differentiation in RAW264.7 cells via modulating expression of several cytokines (IGF-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, I-TAC, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, etc.) that are important in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, in RAW264.7 cells, silibinin decreased the RANKL-induced expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1, which is considered the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, silibinin decreased the RANKL-induced DNA binding activity of NFATc1 and its regulators NF-κB and AP1, and the protein expression of osteoclast specific markers (TRAP, OSCAR, and cathepsin K). Importantly, silibinin also decreased the expression of osteomimicry biomarkers (RANKL, Runx2, osteocalcin, and PTHrP) in cell culture (PC3 and C4-2B cells) and/or in PC3 tumors. Together, our findings showing that silibinin inhibits PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis, suggest that silibinin could be useful clinically against bone metastatic PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandagirikoppal V Kavitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Koskela A, Viluksela M, Keinänen M, Tuukkanen J, Korkalainen M. Synergistic effects of tributyltin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on differentiating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:210-7. [PMID: 22749964 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the persistent and accumulative environmental pollutants tributyltin (TBT) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) individually and in combination on differentiating bone cells. TBT and TCDD are chemically distinct compounds with different mechanisms of toxicity, but they typically have the same sources of exposure and both have been shown to affect bone development at low exposure levels. Bone marrow stem cells were isolated from femurs and tibias of C57BL/6J mice, differentiated in culture into osteoblasts or osteoclasts and exposed to 0.1-10nM TBT, 0.01-1nM TCDD or 10nM TBT+ 1nM TCDD. In osteoblasts, the combined exposure to TBT and TCDD significantly decreased the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin more than TBT or TCDD alone. PCR array showed different gene expression profiles for TBT and TCDD individually, and the combination evoked several additional alterations in gene expression. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) was increased by TCDD as expected, but simultaneous exposure to TBT prevented the increase thus potentially strengthening AHR-mediated effects of TCDD. The number of osteoclasts was reduced by TCDD alone and in combination with TBT, but TBT alone had no effect. However, the total area of resorbed bone was remarkably lower after combined exposure than after TBT or TCDD alone. In conclusion, very low concentrations of TBT and TCDD have synergistic deleterious effects on bone formation and additive effects on bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Koskela
- University of Oulu, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oulu, Finland.
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation including autoimmune disease is an important risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) play a central role in osteoclast differentiation and function, and the molecular pathways by which M-CSF and RANKL induce osteoclast differentiation have been analyzed in detail. Proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption providing a link between inflammation and osteoporosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17 are the most important proinflammatory cytokines triggering inflammatory bone loss. Inhibition of these cytokines has provided potent therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Further investigation is needed to understand the pathophysiology and to develop new strategies to treat inflammatory bone loss. This review summarizes new data on inflammatory bone loss obtained in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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