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Lysophosphatidic acid induces proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell through lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling axis. J Dent Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Heng H, Li D, Su W, Liu X, Yu D, Bian Z, Li J. Exploration of comorbidity mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of rheumatoid arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis using machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2023; 13:1095058. [PMID: 36685864 PMCID: PMC9853060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1095058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a tenosynovial giant cell tumor that can involve joints. The mechanisms of co-morbidity between the two diseases have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the functions, immunological differences, and potential therapeutic targets of common genes between RA and PVNS. Methods: Through the dataset GSE3698 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R software, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to discover the modules most relevant to the clinical features. The common genes between the two diseases were identified. The molecular functions and biological processes of the common genes were analyzed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and the results were visualized in Cytoscape software. Two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and random forest (RF) were utilized to identify hub genes and predict the diagnostic efficiency of hub genes as well as the correlation between immune infiltrating cells. Results: We obtained a total of 107 DEGs, a module (containing 250 genes) with the highest correlation with clinical characteristics, and 36 common genes after taking the intersection. Moreover, using two machine learning algorithms, we identified three hub genes (PLIN, PPAP2A, and TYROBP) between RA and PVNS and demonstrated good diagnostic performance using ROC curve and nomogram plots. Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was used to analyze the biological functions in which three genes were mostly engaged. Finally, three hub genes showed a substantial association with 28 immune infiltrating cells. Conclusion: PLIN, PPAP2A, and TYROBP may influence RA and PVNS by modulating immunity and contribute to the diagnosis and therapy of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Heng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dazhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Su
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Radiology, Wangjiang Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
| | - Zhengjun Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
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Zheng CY, Chu XY, Gao CY, Hu HY, He X, Chen X, Yang K, Zhang DL. TAT&RGD Peptide-Modified Naringin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3269-3286. [PMID: 35924260 PMCID: PMC9342892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s371715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naringin is a naturally occurring flavanone that promotes osteogenesis. Owing to the high lipophilicity, poor in vivo bioavailability, and extensive metabolic alteration upon administration, the clinical efficacy of naringin is understudied. Additionally, information on the molecular mechanism by which it promotes osteogenesis is limited. Methods In this study, we prepared TAT & RGD peptide-modified naringin-loaded nanoparticles (TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs), evaluated their potency on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and studied its mechanism of action through metabolomic analysis. Results The particle size and zeta potential of TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs were 160.70±2.05 mm and –20.77±0.47mV, respectively. The result of cell uptake assay showed that TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs could effectively enter hDPSCs. TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs had a more significant effect on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation promotion. Furthermore, in metabolomic analysis, naringin particles showed a strong influence on the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway of hDPSCs. Specifically, it upregulated the expression of PLA2G3 and PLA2G1B (two isozymes of phospholipase A2, PLA2), increased the biosynthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Conclusion These results suggested that TAT-RGD-NPs might be used for transporting naringin to hDPSCs for modulating stem cell osteogenic differentiation. The metabolomic analysis was used for the first time to elucidate the mechanism by which naringin promotes hDPSCs osteogenesis by upregulating PLA2G3 and PLA2G1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dong-Liang Zhang, Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 11 Xilahutong Road, Beijing, 100040, People’s Republic of China, Email
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4
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Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238992. [PMID: 33256181 PMCID: PMC7729585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.
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Shiel AI, Ayre WN, Blom AW, Hallam KR, Heard PJ, Payton O, Picco L, Mansell JP. Development of a facile fluorophosphonate-functionalised titanium surface for potential orthopaedic applications. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:140-151. [PMID: 32818135 PMCID: PMC7427324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements (TJRs) continues to be the main cause of implant failures. The socioeconomic impact of surgical revisions is hugely significant; in the United Kingdom alone, it is estimated that £137 m is spent annually on revision arthroplasties. Enhancing the longevity of titanium implants will help reduce the incidence and overall cost of failed devices. Methods In realising the development of a superior titanium technology, we exploited the natural affinity of titanium for phosphonic acids and developed a facile means of coating the metal with (3S)1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP), a phosphatase-resistant analogue of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Importantly LPA and selected LPA analogues like FHBP synergistically cooperate with calcitriol to promote human osteoblast formation and maturation. Results Herein, we provide evidence that simply immersing titanium in aqueous solutions of FHBP afforded a surface that was superior to unmodified metal at enhancing osteoblast maturation. Importantly, FHBP-functionalised titanium remained stable to 2 years of ambient storage, resisted ∼35 kGy of gamma irradiation and survived implantation into a bone substitute (Sawbone™) and irrigation. Conclusion The facile step we have taken to modify titanium and the robustness of the final surface finish are appealing properties that are likely to attract the attention of implant manufacturers in the future. The translational potential of this article We have generated a functionalised titanium (Ti) surface by simply immersing Ti in aqueous solutions of a bioactive lipid. As a facile procedure it will have greater appeal to implant manufacturers compared to onerous and costly developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Shiel
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Wayne N Ayre
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Keith R Hallam
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Peter J Heard
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Oliver Payton
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Loren Picco
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.,Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA
| | - Jason P Mansell
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part II - Modulation of angiogenesis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:409-438. [PMID: 31177206 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects following complicated fractures, infections or tumor resections is a major challenge. The same applies to fractures in patients with impaired bone healing due to systemic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Despite considerable progress in development and establishment of new surgical techniques, design of bone graft substitutes and imaging techniques, these scenarios still represent unresolved clinical problems. However, the development of new active substances offers novel potential solutions for these issues. This work discusses therapeutic approaches that influence angiogenesis or hypoxic situations in healing bone and surrounding tissue. In particular, literature on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators and nitric oxide (NO•) donors, including bi-functional (hybrid) compounds like NO•-releasing cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, was critically reviewed with regard to their local and systemic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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Gagné D, Benoit YD, Groulx JF, Vachon PH, Beaulieu JF. ILK supports RhoA/ROCK-mediated contractility of human intestinal epithelial crypt cells by inducing the fibrillogenesis of endogenous soluble fibronectin during the spreading process. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:14. [PMID: 32183701 PMCID: PMC7079544 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin (FN) assembly into an insoluble fibrillar matrix is a crucial step in many cell responses to extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, especially with regards to the integrin-related mechanosensitive signaling pathway. We have previously reported that the silencing of expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in human intestinal epithelial crypt (HIEC) cells causes significant reductions in proliferation and spreading through concomitantly acquired impairment of soluble FN deposition. These defects in ILK-depleted cells are rescued by growth on exogenous FN. In the present study we investigated the contribution of ILK in the fibrillogenesis of FN and its relation to integrin-actin axis signaling and organization. RESULTS We show that de novo fibrillogenesis of endogenous soluble FN is ILK-dependent. This function seemingly induces the assembly of an ECM that supports increased cytoskeletal tension and the development of a fully spread contractile cell phenotype. We observed that HIEC cell adhesion to exogenous FN or collagen-I (Col-I) is sufficient to restore fibrillogenesis of endogenous FN in ILK-depleted cells. We also found that optimal engagement of the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) GTPase/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK-1, ROCK-2)/myosin light chain (MLC) pathway, actin ventral stress fiber formation, and integrin adhesion complex (IAC) maturation rely primarily upon the cell's capacity to execute FN fibrillogenesis, independent of any significant ILK input. Lastly, we confirm the integrin α5β1 as the main integrin responsible for FN assembly, although in ILK-depleted cells αV-class integrins expression is needed to allow the rescue of FN fibrillogenesis on exogenous substrate. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that ILK specifically induces the initiation of FN fibrillogenesis during cell spreading, which promotes RhoA/ROCK-dependent cell contractility and maturation of the integrin-actin axis structures. However, the fibrillogenesis process and its downstream effect on RhoA signaling, cell contractility and spreading are ILK-independent in human intestinal epithelial crypt cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gagné
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Yannick D. Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Jean-François Groulx
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093 USA
| | - Pierre H. Vachon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4 Canada
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Khoi PN, Li S, Thuan UT, Sah DK, Kang TW, Nguyen TT, Lian S, Xia Y, Jung YD. Lysophosphatidic Acid Upregulates Recepteur D'origine Nantais Expression and Cell Invasion via Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010304. [PMID: 31906413 PMCID: PMC6981588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle invasive bladder carcinoma is a highly malignant cancer with a high mortality rate, due to its tendency to metastasize. The tyrosine kinase recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) promotes bladder carcinoma metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid derivative, which acts as a signaling molecule to activate three high affinity G-protein coupled receptors, LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3. This in turn leads to cell proliferation and contributes to oncogenesis. However, little is known about the effects of LPA on invasive bladder cancer (IBC). In this study, we discovered that LPA upregulated RON expression, which in turn promoted cell invasion in bladder cancer T24 cells. As expected, we found that the LPA receptor was essential for the LPA induced increase in RON expression. More interestingly, we discovered that LPA induced RON expression via the MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2), Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling axes. These results provide experimental evidence and novel insights regarding bladder malignancy metastasis, which could be helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies for IBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Ung Trong Thuan
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yong Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +86-537-3616565 (Y.X.); +82-62220-4105 (Y.D.J.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (P.N.K.); (S.L.); (U.T.T.); (D.K.S.); (T.W.K.); (T.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +86-537-3616565 (Y.X.); +82-62220-4105 (Y.D.J.)
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Wu X, Ma Y, Chen H, Hao Z, Su N, Li X, Shen J, Wang H. Lysophosphatidic acid induces interleukin-6 and CXCL15 secretion from MLO-Y4 cells through activation of the LPA 1 receptor and PKCθ signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105664. [PMID: 31233937 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a multifunctional phospholipid. Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone and can orchestrate bone formation and resorption, in part by producing cytokines that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 are two important cytokines that have potent effects on bone fracture healing. Previous studies suggest that platelet-derived LPA may influence fracture healing by inducing osteocyte dendrite outgrowth. However, the biological mechanism through which LPA induces cytokine production in osteocytes is poorly understood. In this study, we report that LPA markedly enhanced IL-6 and CXCL15 (mouse homologue of human IL-8) production in MLO-Y4 cells and that this enhancement was suppressed by the LPA1/3-selective antagonist Ki16425, the Gi/o protein inhibitor PTX or the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor sotrastaurin. We also observed that of all the PKC isoform targets of sotrastaurin, only PKCθ was activated by LPA in MLO-Y4 cells and that this activation was blocked by sotrastaurin, Ki16425 or PTX. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that LPA may be a potent inducer of IL-6 and CXCL15 production in MLO-Y4 cells and that this induction is associated with the activation of LPA1, Gi/o protein and the PKCθ pathway. These findings may help us better understand the mechanism of fracture healing and contribute to the treatment of bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Helin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Naichuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Chen X, Song Z, Chen R, Tan S, Huang C, Liu Y, Cheng B, Fu Q. Lysophosphatidic acid enhanced the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of osteoblasts via LPA1/3 receptor. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:85-94. [PMID: 29447019 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid is a serum-derived growth factor that is involved in wound healing. Although in its infancy, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid exerts a potentially significant role in regulating bone cell biology. However, previous studies mainly focused on the osteoinductive potential of lysophosphatidic acid, its effects on bone tissue vascularization, another essential element during bone regeneration, remains ill-defined so far. Here in this study, we examined the effects of lysophosphatidic acid on osteogenic differentiation as well as the angiogenesis-inducing capacity of pre-osteoblasts, a cell population that coordinates osteogenic and angiogenic processes in bone regenerating niche. Our results showed that treatment of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells with lysophosphatidic acid enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, demonstrating in vitro osteoblastic differentiation. Of particular importance was the finding that vascular endothelial growth factor secretion also increased after lysophosphatidic acid treatment. Lysophosphatidic acid conditioned media of MC3T3-E1 cells was capable of promoting angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells, as evidenced by stimulating proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Besides, inhibition of LPA1/3 receptor abolished lysophosphatidic acid-induced elevation of the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of pre-osteoblasts. Our research demonstrated the important role of lysophosphatidic acid in coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone remodeling through orchestrating pre-osteoblast behavior, and implications therein for novel and effective treatment strategies for bone regeneration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Zijun Song
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- b Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China.,c The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Chunhuang Huang
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- d The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
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Luo D, Li J, Chen K, Rong X, Guo J. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Protective Effect of Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi (FTZ) on Aging-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1483. [PMID: 30670964 PMCID: PMC6331458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ), as an effective traditional Chinese medicine, has been prescribed for more than 20 years. It has proven clinical efficacy as a prescription for patients with dyslipidemia, glucocorticoid- and high-fat-induced osteoporosis, but its effect on osteoporosis induced by aging is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporosis effect of FTZ in aging mice and revealed its biochemical action mechanism using metabolomics. Model of primary osteoporosis induced by aging was established. The mice in treatment group received a therapeutic dose of oral FTZ extract once daily during the experiment. The model and control groups received the corresponding volume of oral normal saline solution. Plasma samples of all three groups were collected after 12 weeks. Clinical biochemical parameters and biomechanics were determined in the osteoporosis model induced by normal aging to evaluate anti-osteoporosis effect of FTZ. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was used to analyze metabolic changes. The changes of histomorphometric and biomechanic parameters of femurs, as well as osteoblast and osteoclast activity indicated that FTZ administration reduced the risk of osteoporosis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot revealed a clear separation trend between model and controls. Moreover, PLS-DA score plot indicated the anti-osteoporosis effect of FTZ with sphingosine 1-phosphate, LPA (16:0) and arachidonic acid (AA) among key biomarkers. The pivotal pathways revealed by pathway analysis including sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and AA metabolism. The mechanism by which FTZ reduces the risk of primary age-related osteoporosis in mice might be related to disorders of the above-mentioned pathways. FTZ has a protective effect against osteoporosis induced by aging, which may be mediated via interference with sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and AA metabolisms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duosheng Luo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbiao Li
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kechun Chen
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Jumbe SL, Porazinski SR, Oltean S, Mansell JP, Vahabi B, Wilson ID, Ladomery MR. The Evolutionarily Conserved Cassette Exon 7b Drives ERG's Oncogenic Properties. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:134-142. [PMID: 30296658 PMCID: PMC6174920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogene ERG encodes an ETS family transcription factor and is implicated in blood, vascular, and bone development and in prostate, blood, and bone cancer. The ERG gene is alternatively spliced; of particular interest is its cassette exon 7b which adds 24 amino acids, in frame, to the transcriptional activation domain. Higher exon 7b inclusion rates are associated with increased cell proliferation and advanced prostate cancer. The 24 amino acids encoded by exon 7b show evolutionary conservation from humans to echinoderms, highlighting their functional importance. Throughout evolution, these 24 amino acids are encoded by a distinct short exon. Splice-switching oligonucleotides based on morpholino chemistry were designed to induce skipping of ERG exon 7b in MG63 osteosarcoma and VCaP prostate cancer cells. Induction of exon 7b skipping reduced cell proliferation and invasion, increased apoptosis in vitro, and reduced xenograft growth in vivo. We also show that ERG's exon 7b is required for the induction of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Together, these findings show that the evolutionarily conserved cassette exon 7b is central to ERG's oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Jumbe
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R Porazinski
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Mansell
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
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Activity and clinical relevance of autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid pathways in high-grade serous carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:463-470. [PMID: 30032361 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression, biological role and clinical relevance of autotaxin (ATX), the enzyme synthetizing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and LPA receptors (LPAR) in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). mRNA expression by qRT-PCR of LPAR1-6 was analyzed in 155 HGSC specimens (88 effusions, 67 solid lesions). ATX mRNA expression was analyzed in 97 specimens. ATX, ERK, and AKT protein expression was studied by Western blotting. LPAR2 mRNA was overexpressed in HGSC cells in effusions compared to solid lesions, with opposite findings for LPAR3 and LPAR6 mRNA and ATX protein. Higher LPAR1 levels were significantly related to longer overall survival (OS) in pre-chemotherapy effusions (p = 0.027). Conversely, higher expression of LPAR1, LPAR2, and LPAR5 in post-chemotherapy effusions was significantly associated with shorter OS (p = 0.037, p = 0.025 and p = 0.021, respectively) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001, p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively) in univariate survival analysis. LPAR1 mRNA expression was an independent prognosticator of OS in patients with pre-chemotherapy effusions and PFS in patients with post-chemotherapy effusions (p = 0.013 both). In conclusion, LPAR mRNA and ATX protein levels are anatomic site-dependent in HGSC and the former are informative of disease outcome.
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14
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Analogue rather than Lysophosphatidic Acid Promoted the Bone Formation In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7537630. [PMID: 30003106 PMCID: PMC5996417 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7537630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid molecule, has recently emerged as physiological and pathophysiological regulator in skeletal biology. Here we evaluate the effects of LPA on bone formation in vivo in murine femoral critical defect model. Primary femoral osteoblasts were isolated and treated with osteogenic induction conditional media supplemented with 20 μM LPA or LPA analogue. Mineralized nodules were visualized by Alizarin Red S staining. Forty-five C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral osteotomy. The femoral osteotomy gap was filled with porous scaffolds of degradable chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate containing PBS, LPA, or LPA analogue. 2, 5, and 10 weeks after surgery, mice were sacrificed and femurs were harvested and prepared for Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analysis. Alizarin Red S staining showed that LPA and LPA analogue significantly enhanced the mineral deposition in osteoblasts. Micro-CT 3D reconstruction images and HE staining revealed that significantly more newly formed bone in osteotomy was treated with LPA analogue when compared to control and LPA group, which was verified by histological analysis and biomechanical characterization testing. In summary, our study demonstrated that although LPA promotes mineralized matrix formation in vitro, the locally administrated LPA was not effective in promoting bone formation in vivo. And bone formation was enhanced by LPA analogue, administrated locally in vivo. LPA analogue was a potent stimulating factor for bone formation in vivo due to its excellent stability.
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15
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Michalczyk A, Budkowska M, Dołęgowska B, Chlubek D, Safranow K. Lysophosphatidic acid plasma concentrations in healthy subjects: circadian rhythm and associations with demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:140. [PMID: 28732508 PMCID: PMC5521143 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid with a wide biological activity. Previous studies have shown its potential usefulness as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate which factors may influence plasma LPA concentrations in healthy subjects and to propose reference values. Methods The study group consisted of 100 healthy subjects. From all of them the blood samples were taken at 7 a.m. (fasting state). From 40 volunteers additional blood samples were taken at 2 p.m., at 8 p.m. and at 2 a.m. next morning. Concentrations of LPA were measured in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Analysis of samples from 100 healthy volunteers showed significant influence of sex and age on plasma LPA. The reference range for the plasma LPA concentration corrected for age and sex, determined at 2.5–97.5 percentile interval is 0.14–1.64 μM. LPA correlates positively with BMI, serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, uric acid and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin. Concentration of LPA at 2 a.m. was lower than at 2 p.m. There were not any significant differences between plasma LPA at 7 a.m. and any other time of the day. Conclusions Plasma LPA is associated with demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. It seems that LPA concentrations have no specific circadian rhythm and the time of donation and fasting state have marginal effect on plasma LPA. These findings may be helpful in future incorporation of LPA as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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16
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Davies MR, Lee L, Feeley BT, Kim HT, Liu X. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced RhoA signaling and prolonged macrophage infiltration worsens fibrosis and fatty infiltration following rotator cuff tears. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1539-1547. [PMID: 27505847 PMCID: PMC5502767 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation is involved in the development of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and degeneration following massive tendon tears. Increased RhoA signaling has been reported in chronic muscle degeneration, such as muscular dystrophy. However, the role of RhoA signaling in macrophage infiltration and rotator muscle degeneration remains unknown. Using a previously established rat model of massive rotator cuff tears, we found RhoA signaling is upregulated in rotator cuff muscle following a massive tendon-nerve injury. This increase in RhoA expression is greatly potentiated by the administration of a potent RhoA activator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and is accompanied by increased TNFα and TGF-β1 expression in rotator cuff muscle. Boosting RhoA signaling with LPA significantly worsened rotator cuff muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration, accompanied with massive monocytic infiltration of rotator cuff muscles. Co-staining of RhoA and the tissue macrophage marker CD68 showed that CD68+ tissue macrophages are the dominant cell source of increased RhoA signaling in rotator cuff muscles after tendon tears. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPA-mediated RhoA signaling in injured muscle worsens the outcomes of atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration by increasing macrophage infiltraion in rotator cuff muscle. Clinically, inhibiting RhoA signaling may represent a future direction for developing new treatments to improve muscle quality following massive rotator cuff tears. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1539-1547, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Davies
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lawrence Lee
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hubert T. Kim
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xuhui Liu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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17
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Coly PM, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Morin F. The Autophagy Machinery: A New Player in Chemotactic Cell Migration. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28261054 PMCID: PMC5311050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradative process that plays a key role in diverse cellular processes such as stress response or differentiation. A growing body of work highlights the direct involvement of autophagy in cell migration and cancer metastasis. Specifically, autophagy has been shown to be involved in modulating cell adhesion dynamics as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. After providing a general overview of the mechanisms controlling autophagosome biogenesis and cell migration, we discuss how chemotactic G protein-coupled receptors, through the repression of autophagy, may orchestrate membrane trafficking and compartmentation of specific proteins at the cell front in order to support the critical steps of directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michaël Coly
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
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18
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Li L, Liang S, Wasylishen AR, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhou B, Shan L, Han X, Mu T, Wang G, Xiong S. PLA2G16 promotes osteosarcoma metastasis and drug resistance via the MAPK pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18021-35. [PMID: 26933804 PMCID: PMC4951268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma is dismal and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease progression is essential to improve treatment options and patient outcomes. We previously demonstrated Pla2g16 overexpression in mouse osteosarcoma contributes to metastasis phenotypes and increased expression of PLA2G16 is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human tumors. To further examine the mechanisms through which PLA2G16 contributes to human osteosarcoma metastasis and explore the potential of PLA2G16 as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma, we generated a panel of human osteosarcoma cell lines expressing different levels of PLA2G16. The functional analyses of these cell lines demonstrated high levels of PLA2G16 expression increased osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, clonogenic survival, and anchorage-independent colony formation. Importantly, this activity was dependent on the phospholipase activity of PLA2G16. Additionally, PLA2G16 overexpression decreased the sensitivity of cells to a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. Analysis of downstream pathways revealed the pro-metastasis functions of PLA2G16 were mediated through the MAPK pathway, as knockdown of PLA2G16 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and pharmacological inhibition of MEK significantly repressed PLA2G16 mediated cell migration and clonogenic survival. Furthermore, PLA2G16 overexpression promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and these tumors exhibit increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Lastly, the expression of PLA2G16 is strongly correlated with the increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human osteosarcoma samples, and the combined lesions are associated with reduced overall and metastasis-free survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate increased PLA2G16 expression activates the MAPK pathway to enhance osteosarcoma metastasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Shoulei Liang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Bingzheng Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Luling Shan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuxin Han
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyang Mu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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19
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Mansell J, Cooke M, Read M, Rudd H, Shiel A, Wilkins K, Manso M. Chitinase 3-like 1 expression by human (MG63) osteoblasts in response to lysophosphatidic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Ayre WN, Scott T, Hallam K, Blom AW, Denyer S, Bone HK, Mansell JP. Fluorophosphonate-functionalised titanium via a pre-adsorbed alkane phosphonic acid: a novel dual action surface finish for bone regenerative applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:36. [PMID: 26704553 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing vitamin D-induced human osteoblast (hOB) maturation at bone biomaterial surfaces is likely to improve prosthesis integration with resultant reductions in the need for revision arthroplasty consequent to aseptic loosening. Biomaterials that are less appealing to microorganisms implicated in implant failures through infection are also highly desirable. However, finding surfaces that enhance hOB maturation to active vitamin D yet deter bacteria remain elusive. In addressing this, we have sought to bio-functionalise titanium (Ti) with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and related, phosphatase-resistant, LPA analogues. The impetus for this follows our discovery that LPA co-operates with active vitamin D3 metabolites to secure hOB maturation in vitro including cells grown upon Ti. LPA has also been found, by others, to inhibit virulence factor production and biofilm formation of the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Collectively, selected LPA species might offer potential dual-action surface finishes for contemporary bone biomaterials. In attaching a phosphatase-resistant LPA analogue to Ti we took advantage of the affinity of alkane phosphonic acids for TiO2. Herein, we provide evidence for the facile development of a dual-action Ti surface for potential orthopaedic and dental applications. Successful conjugation of an LPA analogue (3S)1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP) to the Ti surface was supported through physiochemical characterisation using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. hOB maturation to active vitamin D3 was enhanced for cells grown on FHBP-Ti whilst these same surfaces exhibited clear antiadherent properties towards a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Scott
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Keith Hallam
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Stephen Denyer
- University of Brighton, Mithras House, Brighton, BN2 4AT, UK
| | - Heather K Bone
- CATIM, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Jason P Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical & Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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21
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Skindersoe ME, Krogfelt KA, Blom A, Jiang G, Prestwich GD, Mansell JP. Dual Action of Lysophosphatidate-Functionalised Titanium: Interactions with Human (MG63) Osteoblasts and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143509. [PMID: 26605796 PMCID: PMC4659682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is a widely used material for surgical implants; total joint replacements (TJRs), screws and plates for fixing bones and dental implants are forged from Ti. Whilst Ti integrates well into host tissue approximately 10% of TJRs will fail in the lifetime of the patient through a process known as aseptic loosening. These failures necessitate revision arthroplasties which are more complicated and costly than the initial procedure. Finding ways of enhancing early (osseo)integration of TJRs is therefore highly desirable and continues to represent a research priority in current biomaterial design. One way of realising improvements in implant quality is to coat the Ti surface with small biological agents known to support human osteoblast formation and maturation at Ti surfaces. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and certain LPA analogues offer potential solutions as Ti coatings in reducing aseptic loosening. Herein we present evidence for the successful bio-functionalisation of Ti using LPA. This modified Ti surface heightened the maturation of human osteoblasts, as supported by increased expression of alkaline phosphatase. These functionalised surfaces also deterred the attachment and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium often associated with implant failures through sepsis. Collectively we provide evidence for the fabrication of a dual-action Ti surface finish, a highly desirable feature towards the development of next-generation implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Elena Skindersoe
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department for Infection and Microbiology Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Karen A. Krogfelt
- Department for Infection and Microbiology Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Guowei Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical & Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Comprehensive Identification of Sexual Dimorphism-Associated Differentially Expressed Genes in Two-Way Factorial Designed RNA-Seq Data on Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139324. [PMID: 26418419 PMCID: PMC4587967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reach sexual maturity earlier, breed rapidly and successfully, and cost less and require less space than other birds raised commercially. Given the value of this species for food production and experimental use, more studies are necessary to determine chromosomal regions and genes associated with gender and breed-differentiation. This study employed Trinity and edgeR for transcriptome analysis of next-generation RNA-seq data, which included 4 tissues obtained from 3 different breeding lines of Japanese quail (random bred control, heavy weight, low weight). Differentially expressed genes shared between female and male tissue contrast groups were analyzed to identify genes related to sexual dimorphism as well as potential novel candidate genes for molecular sexing. Several of the genes identified in the present study as significant sex-related genes have been previously found in avian gene expression analyses (NIPBL, UBAP2), and other genes found differentially expressed in this study and not previously associated with sex-related differences may be considered potential candidates for molecular sexing (TERA, MYP0, PPR17, CASQ2). Additionally, other genes likely associated with neuronal and brain development (CHKA, NYAP), as well as body development and size differentiation (ANKRD26, GRP87) in quail were identified. Expression of homeobox protein regulating genes (HXC4, ISL1) shared between our two sex-related contrast groups (Female Brain vs. Male Brain and Ovary vs. Testis) indicates that these genes may regulate sex-specific anatomical development. Results reveal genetic features of the quail breed and could allow for more effective molecular sexing as well as selective breeding for traits important in commercial production.
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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Orosa B, Martínez P, González A, Guede D, Caeiro JR, Gómez-Reino JJ, Conde C. Effect of lysophosphatidic acid receptor inhibition on bone changes in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:383-91. [PMID: 24994065 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of signaling through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors reduces bone erosions in an experimental model of arthritis by mechanisms involving reduced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and increased differentiation of osteoblasts and bone mineralization. These results led us to hypothesize that LPA receptor inhibition would be beneficial in osteoporosis. Our aim was to test this hypothesis with the LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425, in ovariectomized mice, a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ovariectomized mice treated with Ki16425 showed bone loss similar to that observed in the controls. Osteoblast markers, Alpl, Bglap and Col1a1, were increased at the mRNA level but no changes were detected in serum. No additional difference was observed in the Ki16425-treated mice relative to the ovariectomized controls with regard to osteoclast function markers or assays of matrix mineralization or osteoclast differentiation. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of LPA receptor was not beneficial for preventing bone loss in ovariectomized mice, indicating that its favorable effect on bone remodeling is less general than hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Orosa
- Laboratorio de Investigación 8 y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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During A, Penel G, Hardouin P. Understanding the local actions of lipids in bone physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:126-46. [PMID: 26118851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult skeleton is a metabolically active organ system that undergoes continuous remodeling to remove old and/or stressed bone (resorption) and replace it with new bone (formation) in order to maintain a constant bone mass and preserve bone strength from micro-damage accumulation. In that remodeling process, cellular balances--adipocytogenesis/osteoblastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis/osteoclastogenesis--are critical and tightly controlled by many factors, including lipids as discussed in the present review. Interest in the bone lipid area has increased as a result of in vivo evidences indicating a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and marrow adiposity. Lipids in bones are usually assumed to be present only in the bone marrow. However, the mineralized bone tissue itself also contains small amounts of lipids which might play an important role in bone physiology. Fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and several endogenous metabolites (i.e., prostaglandins, oxysterols) have been purported to act on bone cell survival and functions, the bone mineralization process, and critical signaling pathways. Thus, they can be regarded as regulatory molecules important in bone health. Recently, several specific lipids derived from membrane phospholipids (i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and different fatty acid amides) have emerged as important mediators in bone physiology and the number of such molecules will probably increase in the near future. The present paper reviews the current knowledge about: (1°) bone lipid composition in both bone marrow and mineralized tissue compartments, and (2°) local actions of lipids on bone physiology in relation to their metabolism. Understanding the roles of lipids in bone is essential to knowing how an imbalance in their signaling pathways might contribute to bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine During
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France.
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France; Université ULCO, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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26
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Mabey T, Taleongpong P, Udomsinprasert W, Jirathanathornnukul N, Honsawek S. Plasma and synovial fluid autotaxin correlate with severity in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:72-7. [PMID: 25659292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationships between plasma and synovial autotaxin and the severity in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. METHODS A total of 90 participants (70 knee OA patients and 20 controls) were recruited. Autotaxin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were determined. The symptomatic and radiographic severity of OA was assessed using the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and the Kellgren-Lawrence grades. RESULTS OA patients had significantly higher circulating autotaxin and hs-CRP than controls. Plasma autotaxin was directly correlated with synovial fluid autotaxin (r=0.639, P<0.001). Additionally, plasma and synovial fluid autotaxin were associated with radiographic severity (P<0.001). Furthermore, plasma and synovial fluid autotaxin levels were positively correlated with WOMAC scores (r=0.558, P<0.001 and r=0.371, P=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Plasma and synovial fluid autotaxin levels were positively correlated with the severity of OA. Thus, autotaxin has potential as a biomarker reflecting the severity of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mabey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Taleongpong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Napaphat Jirathanathornnukul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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27
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Zhu Y, Liu XJ, Yang P, Zhao M, Lv LX, Zhang GD, Wang Q, Zhang L. Alkylglyceronephosphate synthase (AGPS) alters lipid signaling pathways and supports chemotherapy resistance of glioma and hepatic carcinoma cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3219-26. [PMID: 24815474 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy continues to be a mainstay of cancer treatment, although drug resistance is a major obstacle. Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in cancer pathology, with elevated ether lipid levels. Recently, alkylglyceronephosphate synthase (AGPS), an enzyme that catalyzes the critical step in ether lipid synthesis, was shown to be up-regulated in multiple types of cancer cells and primary tumors. Here, we demonstrated that silencing of AGPS in chemotherapy resistance glioma U87MG/DDP and hepatic carcinoma HepG2/ADM cell lines resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased drug sensitivity, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis through reducing the intracellular concentration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidic acid-ether (LPAe) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), resulting in reduction of LPA receptor and EP receptors mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and the expression of several multi-drug resistance genes, like MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2. β-catenin, caspase-3/8, Bcl-2 and survivin were also found to be involved. In summary, our studies indicate that AGPS plays a role in cancer chemotherapy resistance by mediating signaling lipid metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vessels and Neural Degeneration, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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28
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Kmoch S, Majewski J, Ramamurthy V, Cao S, Fahiminiya S, Ren H, MacDonald IM, Lopez I, Sun V, Keser V, Khan A, Stránecký V, Hartmannová H, Přistoupilová A, Hodaňová K, Piherová L, Kuchař L, Baxová A, Chen R, Barsottini OGP, Pyle A, Griffin H, Splitt M, Sallum J, Tolmie JL, Sampson JR, Chinnery P, Banin E, Sharon D, Dutta S, Grebler R, Helfrich-Foerster C, Pedroso JL, Kretzschmar D, Cayouette M, Koenekoop RK. Mutations in PNPLA6 are linked to photoreceptor degeneration and various forms of childhood blindness. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5614. [PMID: 25574898 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness due to retinal degeneration affects millions of people worldwide, but many disease-causing mutations remain unknown. PNPLA6 encodes the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6, also known as neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which is the target of toxic organophosphates that induce human paralysis due to severe axonopathy of large neurons. Mutations in PNPLA6 also cause human spastic paraplegia characterized by motor neuron degeneration. Here we identify PNPLA6 mutations in childhood blindness in seven families with retinal degeneration, including Leber congenital amaurosis and Oliver McFarlane syndrome. PNPLA6 localizes mostly at the inner segment plasma membrane in photoreceptors and mutations in Drosophila PNPLA6 lead to photoreceptor cell death. We also report that lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid levels are elevated in mutant Drosophila. These findings show a role for PNPLA6 in photoreceptor survival and identify phospholipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for some forms of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kmoch
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Majewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - V Ramamurthy
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - S Cao
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - S Fahiminiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - H Ren
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - I M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta/Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada AB T5H 3V9
| | - I Lopez
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Sun
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Keser
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - A Khan
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Stránecký
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - H Hartmannová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Přistoupilová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - K Hodaňová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - L Piherová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - L Kuchař
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Baxová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - O G P Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - A Pyle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - H Griffin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - M Splitt
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - J Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - J L Tolmie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - J R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - P Chinnery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | | | - E Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - D Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - S Dutta
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - R Grebler
- Lehrstuhl fuer Neurobiology und Genetik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Helfrich-Foerster
- Lehrstuhl fuer Neurobiology und Genetik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J L Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - D Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - M Cayouette
- 1] Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7 [2] Departement de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1P1 [3] Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
| | - R K Koenekoop
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
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Mansell JP. Convergence of vitamin D and lysophosphatidic acid signaling in stimulating human osteoblast maturation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:263. [PMID: 25071605 PMCID: PMC4092361 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, UK
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30
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Lancaster ST, Blackburn J, Blom A, Makishima M, Ishizawa M, Mansell JP. 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperates with a stable, fluoromethylene LPA receptor agonist to secure human (MG63) osteoblast maturation. Steroids 2014; 83:52-61. [PMID: 24513053 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists supporting human osteoblast (hOB) differentiation in the absence of bone resorption are attractive agents in a bone regenerative setting. One potential candidate fulfilling these roles is 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (24,25D). Over forty years ago it was reported that supraphysiological levels of 24,25D could stimulate intestinal calcium uptake and aid bone repair without causing bone calcium mobilisation. VDR agonists co-operate with certain growth factors to enhance hOB differentiation but whether 24,25D might act similarly in promoting cellular maturation has not been described. Given our discovery that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) co-operated with VDR agonists to enhance hOB maturation, we co-treated MG63 hOBs with 24,25D and a phosphatase-resistant LPA analog. In isolation 24,25D inhibited proliferation and stimulated osteocalcin expression. When co-administered with the LPA analog there were synergistic increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These are encouraging findings which may help realise the future application of 24,25D in promoting osseous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tamar Lancaster
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Julia Blackburn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical & Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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31
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Yung YC, Stoddard NC, Chun J. LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1192-214. [PMID: 24643338 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid found in vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms that mediates diverse biological actions and demonstrates medicinal relevance. LPA's functional roles are driven by extracellular signaling through at least six 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named LPA1-6 and signal through numerous effector pathways activated by heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gi/o, G12/13, Gq, and Gs LPA receptor-mediated effects have been described in numerous cell types and model systems, both in vitro and in vivo, through gain- and loss-of-function studies. These studies have revealed physiological and pathophysiological influences on virtually every organ system and developmental stage of an organism. These include the nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and pulmonary systems. Disturbances in normal LPA signaling may contribute to a range of diseases, including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, pain, cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, fibrosis, cancer, infertility, and obesity. These studies underscore the potential of LPA receptor subtypes and related signaling mechanisms to provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun C Yung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicole C Stoddard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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32
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Dziak R. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:510-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.823804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Mansell JP. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced interleukin expression by human periosteum-derived cells. Bone 2013; 55:269. [PMID: 23435189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wu X, Wang H. The important role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced interleukin-6 and -8 syntheses by human osteoblasts in skeletal biology. Bone 2013; 55:268. [PMID: 23453917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Li J, Dong Y, Lü X, Wang L, Peng W, Zhang XC, Rao Z. Crystal structures and biochemical studies of human lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6. Protein Cell 2013; 4:548-61. [PMID: 23807634 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive phospholipid involved in cell signaling through Gprotein-coupled receptors pathways. It is also involved in balancing the lipid composition inside the cell, and modulates the function of lipid rafts as an intermediate in phospholipid metabolism. Because of its involvement in these important processes, LPA degradation needs to be regulated as precisely as its production. Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6) is an LPA-specific acid phosphatase that hydrolyzes LPA to monoacylglycerol (MAG) and phosphate. Here, we report three crystal structures of human ACP6 in complex with malonate, L-(+)-tartrate and tris, respectively. Our analyses revealed that ACP6 possesses a highly conserved Rossmann-foldlike body domain as well as a less conserved cap domain. The vast hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket, which is located between those two domains, is suitable for accommodating LPA, and its shape is different from that of other histidine acid phosphatases, a fact that is consistent with the observed difference in substrate preferences. Our analysis of the binding of three molecules in the active site reveals the involvement of six conserved and crucial residues in binding of the LPA phosphate group and its catalysis. The structure also indicates a water-supplying channel for substrate hydrolysis. Our structural data are consistent with the fact that the enzyme is active as a monomer. In combination with additional mutagenesis and enzyme activity studies, our structural data provide important insights into substrate recognition and the mechanism for catalytic activity of ACP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Murphy SA, Nicolaou A. Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1336-46. [PMID: 23729171 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle-related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition-related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Evseenko D, Latour B, Richardson W, Corselli M, Sahaghian A, Cardinal S, Zhu Y, Chan R, Dunn B, Crooks GM. Lysophosphatidic acid mediates myeloid differentiation within the human bone marrow microenvironment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63718. [PMID: 23696850 PMCID: PMC3655943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic phospholipid present in the blood and certain tissues at high concentrations; its diverse effects are mediated through differential, tissue specific expression of LPA receptors. Our goal was to determine if LPA exerts lineage-specific effects during normal human hematopoiesis. In vitro stimulation of CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitors by LPA induced myeloid differentiation but had no effect on lymphoid differentiation. LPA receptors were expressed at significantly higher levels on Common Myeloid Progenitors (CMP) than either multipotent Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPC) or Common Lymphoid Progenitors (CLP) suggesting that LPA acts on committed myeloid progenitors. Functional studies demonstrated that LPA enhanced migration, induced cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis of isolated CMP, but had no effect on either HSPC or CLP. Analysis of adult and fetal human bone marrow sections showed that PPAP2A, (the enzyme which degrades LPA) was highly expressed in the osteoblastic niche but not in the perivascular regions, whereas Autotaxin (the enzyme that synthesizes LPA) was expressed in perivascular regions of the marrow. We propose that a gradient of LPA with the highest levels in peri-sinusoidal regions and lowest near the endosteal zone, regulates the localization, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors within the bone marrow marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Evseenko
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Lancaster S, Mansell JP. The role of lysophosphatidic acid on human osteoblast formation, maturation and the implications for bone health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mansell JP, Blackburn J. Lysophosphatidic acid, human osteoblast formation, maturation and the role of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Current progress in non-Edg family LPA receptor research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:33-41. [PMID: 22902318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest phospholipid yet possesses myriad biological functions. Until 2003, the functions of LPA were thought to be elicited exclusively by three subtypes of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G protein-coupled receptors - LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3). However, several biological functions of LPA could not be assigned to any of these receptors indicating the existence of one or more additional LPA receptor(s). More recently, the discovery of a second cluster of LPA receptors which includes LPA(4), LPA(5), and LPA(6) has paved the way for new avenues of LPA research. Analyses of these non-Edg family LPA receptors have begun to fill in gaps to understand biological functions of LPA such as platelet aggregation and vascular development that could not be ascribed to classical Edg family LPA receptors and are also unveiling new biological functions. Here we review recent progress in the non-Edg family LPA receptor research, with special emphasis on the pharmacology, signaling, and physiological roles of this family of receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Sims SM, Panupinthu N, Lapierre DM, Pereverzev A, Dixon SJ. Lysophosphatidic acid: a potential mediator of osteoblast-osteoclast signaling in bone. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:109-16. [PMID: 22892679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone forming cells) play essential roles in skeletal development, mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling. The actions of these two cell types are tightly coordinated, and imbalances in bone formation and resorption can result in disease states, such as osteoporosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent bioactive phospholipid that influences a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, survival and migration. LPA is also involved in wound healing and pathological conditions, such as tumor metastasis and autoimmune disorders. During trauma, activated platelets are likely a source of LPA in bone. Physiologically, osteoblasts themselves can also produce LPA, which in turn promotes osteogenesis. The capacity for local production of LPA, coupled with the proximity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leads to the intriguing possibility that LPA acts as a paracrine mediator of osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Here we summarize emerging evidence that LPA enhances the differentiation of osteoclast precursors, and regulates the morphology, resorptive activity and survival of mature osteoclasts. These actions arise through stimulation of multiple LPA receptors and intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, LPA is a potent mitogen implicated in promoting the metastasis of breast and ovarian tumors to bone. Thus, LPA released from osteoblasts is potentially an important autocrine and paracrine mediator - physiologically regulating skeletal development and remodeling, while contributing pathologically to metastatic bone disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Sims
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Salles JP, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, Conte-Auriol F, Briand-Mésange F, Gennero I. Bone defects in LPA receptor genetically modified mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:93-8. [PMID: 22867754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
LPA and LPA(1) have been shown to increase osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation as well as activation of osteoclasts. Cell and animal model studies have suggested that LPA is produced by bone cells and bone tissues. We obtained data from invalidated mice which support the hypothesis that LPA(1) is involved in bone development by promoting osteogenesis. LPA(1)-invalidated mice demonstrate growth and sternal and costal abnormalities, which highlights the specific roles of LPA(1) during bone development. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis demonstrate osteoporosis in the trabecular and cortical bone of LPA(1)-invalidated mice. Moreover, bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors from these mice displayed decreased osteoblastic differentiation. Infrared analysis did not indicate osteomalacia in the bone tissue of LPA(1)-invalidated mice. LPA(1) displays opposite effects to LPA(4) on the related G proteins G(i) and G(s), responsible for decrease and increase of the cAMP level respectively, which itself is essential to the control of osteoblastic differentiation. The opposite effects of LPA(1) and LPA(4) during osteoblastic differentiation support the possibility that new pharmacological agents derived from the LPA pathways could be found and used in clinical practice to positively influence bone formation and treat osteoporosis. The paracrine effect of LPA is potentially modulated by its concentration in bone tissues, which may result from various intracellular and extracellular pathways. The relevance of LPA(1) in bone remodeling, as a receptor able to influence both osteoblast and osteoclast activity, still deserves further clarification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Salles
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Gynécologie et Génétique, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
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