1
|
Stanley OR, Swaminathan A, Wojahn E, Ahmed ZM, Cullen KE. An Open-Source Tool for Automated Human-Level Circling Behavior Detection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.540066. [PMID: 37398316 PMCID: PMC10312579 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.540066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying behavior and relating it to underlying biological states is of paramount importance in many life science fields. Although barriers to recording postural data have been reduced by progress in deep-learning-based computer vision tools for keypoint tracking, extracting specific behaviors from this data remains challenging. Manual behavior coding, the present gold standard, is labor-intensive and subject to intra- and inter-observer variability. Automatic methods are stymied by the difficulty of explicitly defining complex behaviors, even ones which appear obvious to the human eye. Here, we demonstrate an effective technique for detecting one such behavior, a form of locomotion characterized by stereotyped spinning, termed 'circling'. Though circling has an extensive history as a behavioral marker, at present there exists no standard automated detection method. Accordingly, we developed a technique to identify instances of the behavior by applying simple postprocessing to markerless keypoint data from videos of freely-exploring (Cib2-/-;Cib3-/-) mutant mice, a strain we previously found to exhibit circling. Our technique agrees with human consensus at the same level as do individual observers, and it achieves >90% accuracy in discriminating videos of wild type mice from videos of mutants. As using this technique requires no experience writing or modifying code, it also provides a convenient, noninvasive, quantitative tool for analyzing circling mouse models. Additionally, as our approach was agnostic to the underlying behavior, these results support the feasibility of algorithmically detecting specific, research-relevant behaviors using readily-interpretable parameters tuned on the basis of human consensus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O R Stanley
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University
| | - A Swaminathan
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University
| | - E Wojahn
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University
| | - Z M Ahmed
- Depts. Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Ophthalmology; University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - K E Cullen
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University
- Depts. Neuroscience, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Lyu J, Qian X, Chen B, Sun H, Luo W, Chi F, Li H, Ren D. Involvement of Dmp1 in the Precise Regulation of Hair Bundle Formation in the Developing Cochlea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040625. [PMID: 37106825 PMCID: PMC10135853 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) is a highly phosphorylated, extracellular matrix protein that is extensively expressed in bone and teeth but also found in soft tissues, including brain and muscle. However, the functions of Dmp1 in the mice cochlea are unknown. Our study showed that Dmp1 was expressed in auditory hair cells (HCs), with the role of Dmp1 in those cells identified using Dmp1 cKD mice. Immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy of the cochlea at P1 revealed that Dmp1 deficiency in mice resulted in an abnormal stereociliary bundle morphology and the mispositioning of the kinocilium. The following experiments further demonstrated that the cell-intrinsic polarity of HCs was affected without apparent effect on the tissue planer polarity, based on the observation that the asymmetric distribution of Vangl2 was unchanged whereas the Gαi3 expression domain was enlarged and Par6b expression was slightly altered. Then, the possible molecular mechanisms of Dmp1 involvement in inner ear development were explored via RNA-seq analysis. The study suggested that the Fgf23-Klotho endocrine axis may play a novel role in the inner ear and Dmp1 may regulate the kinocilium-stereocilia interaction via Fgf23-Klotho signaling. Together, our results proved the critical role of Dmp1 in the precise regulation of hair bundle morphogenesis in the early development of HCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jihan Lyu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qian
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Binjun Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haojie Sun
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fanglu Chi
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Dongdong Ren
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Theng EH, Brewer CC, Oheim R, Zalewski CK, King KA, Delsmann MM, Rolvien T, Gafni RI, Braddock DT, Jeffrey Kim H, Ferreira CR. Characterization of hearing-impairment in Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:273. [PMID: 35854274 PMCID: PMC9295326 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Hearing loss (HL) has been sporadically described, but not well characterized, in Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI), a rare disease in which pathological calcification typically presents in infancy. OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the clinical audiologic and otologic features and potential etiology of hearing impairment in GACI and gain pathophysiological insight from a murine model of GACI. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study of individuals with GACI. Murine ossicle micromorphology of the ENPP1asj/asj mutant compared to wild-type. SETTING Clinical research hospital; basic science laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen individuals with GACI who met clinical, biochemical, and genetic criteria for diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical, biochemical, and radiologic features associated with hearing status. RESULTS Pure-tone thresholds could be established in 15 (n = 30 ears) of the 19 patients who underwent audiological assessments. The prevalence of HL was 50% (15/30) of ears, with conductive HL in 80% and sensorineural HL in 20%. In terms of patients with HL (n = 8), seven patients had bilateral HL and one patient had unilateral HL. Degree of HL was mild to moderate for 87% of the 15 ears with hearing loss. Of those patients with sufficient pure-tone and middle ear function data, 80% (8/10) had audiometric configurations suggestive of ossicular chain dysfunction (OCD). Recurrent episodes of otitis media (ROM) requiring pressure-equalizing tube placement were common. In patients who underwent cranial CT, 54.5% (6/11) had auricular calcification. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) of murine ossicles supports an OCD component of auditory dysfunction in GACI, suggesting loss of ossicular osteocytes without initiation of bone remodeling. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hearing loss is common in GACI; it is most often conductive, and mild to moderate in severity. The etiology of HL is likely multifactorial, involving dysfunction of the ossicular chain and/or recurrent otitis media. Clinically, this study highlights the importance of early audiologic and otologic evaluation in persons with GACI. Novel findings of high rates of OCD and ROM may inform management, and in cases of unclear HL etiology, dedicated temporal bone imaging should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Theng
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Martin Seitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher K Zalewski
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maximillian M Delsmann
- Martin Seitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Martin Seitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rachel I Gafni
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - H Jeffrey Kim
- Office of Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, District of Columbia, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, USA.
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Dr, Building 49, Room 4A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|