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Lu D, Zhang Y, Liang S, Li Y, Qing J, Gu L, Xu X, Wang Z, Gao X, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang P. M2 Macrophages Guide Periosteal Stromal Cell Recruitment and Initiate Bone Injury Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1205. [PMID: 38927412 PMCID: PMC11200943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The periosteum plays a critical role in bone repair and is significantly influenced by the surrounding immune microenvironment. In this study, we employed 10× single-cell RNA sequencing to create a detailed cellular atlas of the swine cranial periosteum, highlighting the cellular dynamics and interactions essential for cranial bone injury repair. We noted that such injuries lead to an increase in M2 macrophages, which are key in modulating the periosteum's immune response and driving the bone regeneration process. These macrophages actively recruit periosteal stromal cells (PSCs) by secreting Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a crucial factor in initiating bone regeneration. This recruitment process emphasizes the critical role of PSCs in effective bone repair, positioning them as primary targets for therapeutic interventions. Our results indicate that enhancing the interaction between M2 macrophages and PSCs could significantly improve the outcomes of treatments aimed at cranial bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhuang Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingfei Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shimin Liang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Qing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Cao Y, Bolam SM, Boss AL, Murray HC, Munro JT, Poulsen RC, Dalbeth N, Brooks AES, Matthews BG. Characterization of adult human skeletal cells in different tissues reveals a CD90 +CD34 + periosteal stem/progenitor population. Bone 2024; 178:116926. [PMID: 37793499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a crucial role in bone healing and is an important source of skeletal stem and progenitor cells. Recent studies in mice indicate that diverse populations of skeletal progenitors contribute to growth, homeostasis and healing. Information about the in vivo identity and diversity of skeletal stem and progenitor cells in different compartments of the adult human skeleton is limited. In this study, we compared non-hematopoietic populations in matched tissues from the femoral head and neck of 21 human participants using spectral flow cytometry of freshly isolated cells. High-dimensional clustering analysis indicated significant differences in marker distribution between periosteum, articular cartilage, endosteum and bone marrow populations, and identified populations that were highly enriched or unique to specific tissues. Periosteum-enriched markers included CD90 and CD34. Articular cartilage, which has very poor regenerative potential, showed enrichment of multiple markers, including the PDPN+CD73+CD164+CD146- population previously reported to represent human skeletal stem cells. We further characterized periosteal populations by combining CD90 with other strongly expressed markers. CD90+CD34+ cells sorted directly from periosteum showed significant colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-F) enrichment, rapid expansion, and consistent multi-lineage differentiation of clonal populations in vitro. In situ, CD90+CD34+ cells include a perivascular population in the outer layer of the periosteum and non-perivascular cells closer to the bone surface. CD90+ cells are also highly enriched for CFU-F in bone marrow and endosteum, but not articular cartilage. In conclusion, our study indicates considerable diversity in the non-hematopoietic cell populations in different tissue compartments within the adult human skeleton, and suggests that periosteal progenitor cells reside within the CD90+CD34+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott M Bolam
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen C Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T Munro
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn C Poulsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller ME, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: Recent insights. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101686. [PMID: 38163010 PMCID: PMC10757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5-10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Megafu
- A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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Cao Y, Kalajzic I, Matthews BG. CD51 labels periosteal injury-responsive osteoprogenitors. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231352. [PMID: 37731543 PMCID: PMC10507171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is a critical source of skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) that form callus tissue in response to injury. There is yet to be a consensus on how to identify SSPCs in the adult periosteum. The aim of this study was to understand how potential murine periosteal SSPC populations behave in vivo and in response to injury. We evaluated the in vivo differentiation potential of Sca1-CD51+ and Sca1+CD51+ cells following transplantation. In vitro, the Sca1+CD51+ population appears to be more primitive multipotent cells, but after transplantation, Sca1-CD51+ cells showed superior engraftment, expansion, and differentiation into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Despite representing a clear population with flow cytometry, we identified very few Sca1+CD51+ cells histologically. Using a periosteal scratch injury model, we successfully mimicked the endochondral-like healing process seen in unstable fractures, including the expansion and osteochondral differentiation of αSMA+ cells following injury. CD51+ cells were present in the cambium layer of resting periosteum and expanded following injury. Sca1+CD51- cells were mainly localized in the outer periosteal layer. We found that injury increased colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) formation in the periosteum and led to rapid expansion of CD90+ cells. Several other populations, including Sca1-CD51+ and CD34+ cells, were expanded by day 7. Mice with enhanced fracture healing due to elevated Notch signaling mediated by NICD1 overexpression showed significant expansion of CD51+ and CD34hi cells in the early stages of healing, suggesting these populations contribute to more rapid healing. In conclusion, we demonstrate that periosteal injury leads to the expansion of various SSPC populations, but further studies are required to confirm their lineage hierarchy in the adult skeletal system. Our data indicate that CD51+ skeletal progenitor cells are injury-responsive and show good engraftment and differentiation potential upon transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Brya G. Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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Stein M, Elefteriou F, Busse B, Fiedler IA, Kwon RY, Farell E, Ahmad M, Ignatius A, Grover L, Geris L, Tuckermann J. Why Animal Experiments Are Still Indispensable in Bone Research: A Statement by the European Calcified Tissue Society. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1045-1061. [PMID: 37314012 PMCID: PMC10962000 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Major achievements in bone research have always relied on animal models and in vitro systems derived from patient and animal material. However, the use of animals in research has drawn intense ethical debate and the complete abolition of animal experimentation is demanded by fractions of the population. This phenomenon is enhanced by the reproducibility crisis in science and the advance of in vitro and in silico techniques. 3D culture, organ-on-a-chip, and computer models have improved enormously over the last few years. Nevertheless, the overall complexity of bone tissue cross-talk and the systemic and local regulation of bone physiology can often only be addressed in entire vertebrates. Powerful genetic methods such as conditional mutagenesis, lineage tracing, and modeling of the diseases enhanced the understanding of the entire skeletal system. In this review endorsed by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS), a working group of investigators from Europe and the US provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of experimental animal models, including rodents, fish, and large animals, as well the potential and shortcomings of in vitro and in silico technologies in skeletal research. We propose that the proper combination of the right animal model for a specific hypothesis and state-of-the-art in vitro and/or in silico technology is essential to solving remaining important questions in bone research. This is crucial for executing most efficiently the 3R principles to reduce, refine, and replace animal experimentation, for enhancing our knowledge of skeletal biology, and for the treatment of bone diseases that affect a large part of society. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Imke A.K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Eric Farell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liam Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational MedicineHeritage Building Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Liu Z, Liu J, Li J, Li Y, Sun J, Deng Y, Zhou H. Discovery of CTSK+ Periosteal Stem Cells Mediating Bone Repair in Orbital Reconstruction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37639249 PMCID: PMC10461643 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the role of cathepsin K positive (CTSK+) periosteal stem cells (PSCs) in orbital bone repair and to clarify the source of endogenous stem cells for orbital bone self-repair. Methods Periosteum samples obtained by clinical orbital bone repair surgery were analyzed, after which immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the content of bone marrow-derived cells and CTSK+ PSCs in periosteum as well as the mobilization of PSCs. CTSK+ PSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. Transcriptome sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomic characteristics of CTSK+ PSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Results The orbital periosteum contained CTSK+CD200+ cell lineage, including CD200+CD105- PSCs and CD200+CD105+ progenitor cells. CTSK and osteocalcin (OCN) colocalized in the inner layer of the orbital periosteum, suggesting the osteogenic differentiation potential of CTSK+ PSCs. CTSK expression was much higher in periosteum after mobilization. Immunofluorescence showed low amounts of scattered CD31+ and CD45+ cells in the orbital periosteum. The stem cell characteristics of CTSK+ PSCs were verified by multidirectional differentiation. Flow cytometry found CD200+CD105- CTSK+ PSCs and CD200variantCD105+ progenitor cells. Transcriptome sequencing of CTSK+ PSCs and BMSCs found 3613 differential genes with significant differences. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed the differences between the two types of stem cells, revealing that PSCs were more suitable for intramembranous osteogenesis. Conclusions CTSK+ PSCs may be endogenous stem cells for orbital bone repair. They are mobilized after orbital fracture and have unique features suitable for intramembranous osteogenesis, completely different from BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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O’Neill HC, Lim HK. Skeletal stem/progenitor cells provide the niche for extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1148414. [PMID: 37007998 PMCID: PMC10063897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1148414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In bone marrow, the niche which supports hematopoiesis and nurtures hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) contains perivascular reticular cells representing a subset of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs). These stromal cells which provide the niche are lost or become inadequate during stress, disease or ageing, such that HSCs leave bone marrow and enter spleen and other peripheral sites to initiate extramedullary hematopoiesis and particularly myelopoiesis. Spleen also maintains niches for HSCs under steady-state conditions, evident since neonatal and adult spleen contain HSCs in low number and provide low-level hematopoiesis. In spleen, HSCs are found in the sinusoidal-rich red pulp region also in the vicinity of perivascular reticular cells. These cells resemble to some extent the known stromal elements reflecting HSC niches in bone marrow, and are investigated here for their characteristics as a subset of SSPCs. The isolation of spleen stromal subsets and the generation of cell lines which support HSCs and myelopoiesis in vitro has led to the identification of perivascular reticular cells which are unique to spleen. Analysis of gene and marker expression, as well as differentiative potential, identifies an osteoprogenitor cell type, reflective of one of several subsets of SSPCs described previously in bone, bone marrow and adipose tissue. The combined information supports a model for HSC niches in spleen involving perivascular reticular cells as SSPCs having osteogenic, stroma-forming capacity. These associate with sinusoids in red pulp to form niches for HSCs and to support the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors during extramedullary hematopoiesis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The periosteum, the outer layer of bone, is a major source of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) for bone repair. Here, we discuss recent findings on the characterization, role, and regulation of periosteal SSPCs (pSSPCs) during bone regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Several markers have been described for pSSPCs but lack tissue specificity. In vivo lineage tracing and transcriptomic analyses have improved our understanding of pSSPC functions during bone regeneration. Bone injury activates pSSPCs that migrate, proliferate, and have the unique potential to form both bone and cartilage. The injury response of pSSPCs is controlled by many signaling pathways including BMP, FGF, Notch, and Wnt, their metabolic state, and their interactions with the blood clot, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and macrophages in the fracture environment. Periosteal SSPCs are essential for bone regeneration. Despite recent advances, further studies are required to elucidate pSSPC heterogeneity and plasticity that make them a central component of the fracture healing process and a prime target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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9
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Tang Y, Wu B, Huang T, Wang H, Shi R, Lai W, Xiang L. Collision of Commonality and Personalization: Better Understanding of the Periosteum. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B: REVIEWS 2022; 29:91-102. [PMID: 36006374 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum is quite essential for bone repair. The excellent osteogenic properties of periosteal tissue make it a popular choice for accelerated osteogenesis in tissue engineering. With advances in research and technology, renewed attention has been paid to the periosteum. Recent studies have shown that the complexity of the periosteum is not only limited to histological features but also includes genetic and phenotypic features. In addition, the periosteum is proved to be quite site-specific in many ways. This brings challenges to the selection of periosteal donor sites. Limited understanding of the periosteum sets up barriers to developing optimal tissue regeneration strategies. A better understanding of periosteum could lead to better applications. Therefore, we reviewed the histological structure, gene expression, and function of the periosteum from both the commonality and personalization. It aims to discuss some obscure issues and untapped potential of periosteum and artificial periosteum in the application, where further theoretical research is needed. Overall, the site-specificity of the periosteum needs to be fully considered in future applications. However, significant further work is needed in relevant clinical trials to promote the further development of artificial periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Ruijianghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No 14th, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, 610041,
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10
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Complete Spontaneous Bone Regeneration following Surgical Enucleation of a Mandibular Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:7902602. [PMID: 36034160 PMCID: PMC9411006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7902602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a type of benign fibro-osseous tumor that mainly occurs in the maxillofacial region. Bone reconstruction after the surgery is often performed with bone transplantation. However, the present case report describes the accurate diagnosis and successful surgical resection of a COF with periosteum preservation, after which the defect was completely and spontaneously filled with the newly formed bone through a natural process. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old Iranian female patient presented with a history of gradual development of painful swelling, spontaneous pain, and lower lip and chin hypoesthesia in the lower third of the left side of her face. The dome-shaped swelling was tender. The patient was suffering from renal infection and urethral prolapse and was taking folic acid. She also mentioned a positive family history of similar swellings in her mother and uncle. Intraoral examination indicated a lesion in buccal and lingual vestibules extending from the first premolar to the third molar teeth. It had a firm consistency, and the covering mucosa was normal in terms of color and texture. The aspiration test was negative. The lesion had caused severe mobility of the second premolar and first and second molar teeth. Panoramic radiography revealed an extensive well-defined unilocular radiolucency. Significant knife-edge resorption of the first and second molar roots at the involved site and thinning of the alveolar crest and inferior border of the mandible were also clear. Cone-beam computed tomography showed severe expansion in the buccal and moderate expansion in the lingual aspect, causing thinning of both the buccal and lingual cortical plates. Histopathological analysis revealed neoplastic tissue mixed with fibrous connective tissue and several round and oval-shaped calcification foci. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the final diagnosis (COF) with the presence of SMA-8. The lesion was removed by enucleation and curettage, while the periosteum was carefully preserved. Fixation with screw and plate was also performed. Conclusions Correct diagnosis of COF and precise implementation of the periosteal osteogenesis technique, in this case, resulted in entirely and spontaneously bone regeneration, which was a rare and favorable outcome with minimum cost and complications for the patient.
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11
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Tournaire G, Loopmans S, Stegen S, Rinaldi G, Eelen G, Torrekens S, Moermans K, Carmeliet P, Ghesquière B, Thienpont B, Fendt SM, van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Skeletal progenitors preserve proliferation and self-renewal upon inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by rerouting the TCA cycle. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111105. [PMID: 35905715 PMCID: PMC9380255 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional electron transport chain (ETC) is crucial for supporting bioenergetics and biosynthesis. Accordingly, ETC inhibition decreases proliferation in cancer cells but does not seem to impair stem cell proliferation. However, it remains unclear how stem cells metabolically adapt. In this study, we show that pharmacological inhibition of complex III of the ETC in skeletal stem and progenitor cells induces glycolysis side pathways and reroutes the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to regenerate NAD+ and preserve cell proliferation. These metabolic changes also culminate in increased succinate and 2-hydroxyglutarate levels that inhibit Ten-eleven translocation (TET) DNA demethylase activity, thereby preserving self-renewal and multilineage potential. Mechanistically, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and reverse succinate dehydrogenase activity proved to be essential for the metabolic rewiring in response to ETC inhibition. Together, these data show that the metabolic plasticity of skeletal stem and progenitor cells allows them to bypass ETC blockade and preserve their self-renewal. Skeletal stem/progenitor cells can proliferate upon electron transport chain blockade Succinate dehydrogenase is reversed with fumarate functioning as electron acceptor Pyruvate and aspartate are critical for NAD+ regeneration and proliferation Metabolic changes prevent DNA demethylation and preserve self-renewal
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tournaire
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shauni Loopmans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Torrekens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Moermans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven/VIB Center for Cancer Biology Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory of Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, O&N1bis Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Zhang N, Hu L, Cao Z, Liu X, Pan J. Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells and Their Response to Bone Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812094. [PMID: 35399528 PMCID: PMC8987235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone exhibits remarkable self-repair ability without fibrous scars. It is believed that the robust regenerative capacity comes from tissue-resident stem cells, such as skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Roughly, SSC has two niches: bone marrow (BM) and periosteum. BM-SSCs have been extensively studied for years. In contrast, our knowledge about periosteal SSCs (P-SSCs) is quite limited. There is abundant clinical evidence for the presence of stem cell populations within the periosteum. Researchers have even successfully cultured “stem-like” cells from the periosteum in vitro. However, due to the lack of effective markers, it is difficult to evaluate the stemness of real P-SSCs in vivo. Recently, several research teams have developed strategies for the successful identification of P-SSCs. For the first time, we can assess the stemness of P-SSCs from visual evidence. BM-SSCs and P-SSCs not only have much in common but also share distinct properties. Here, we provide an updated review of P-SSCs and their particular responses to bone injury.
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13
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Periosteum-derived podoplanin-expressing stromal cells regulate nascent vascularization during epiphyseal marrow development. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101833. [PMID: 35304101 PMCID: PMC9019254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow development and endochondral bone formation occur simultaneously. During endochondral ossification, periosteal vasculatures and stromal progenitors invade the primary avascular cartilaginous anlage, which induces primitive marrow development. We previously determined that bone marrow podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing stromal cells exist in the perivascular microenvironment and promote megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. In this study, we aimed to examine the involvement of PDPN-expressing stromal cells in postnatal bone marrow generation. Using histological analysis, we observed that periosteum-derived PDPN-expressing stromal cells infiltrated the cartilaginous anlage of the postnatal epiphysis and populated on the primitive vasculature of secondary ossification center. Furthermore, immunophenotyping and cellular characteristic analyses indicated that the PDPN-expressing stromal cells constituted a subpopulation of the skeletal stem cell lineage. In vitro xenovascular model cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and PDPN-expressing skeletal stem cell progenies showed that PDPN-expressing stromal cells maintained vascular integrity via the release of angiogenic factors and vascular basement membrane-related extracellular matrices. We show that in this process, Notch signal activation committed the PDPN-expressing stromal cells into a dominant state with basement membrane-related extracellular matrices, especially type IV collagens. Our findings suggest that the PDPN-expressing stromal cells regulate the integrity of the primitive vasculatures in the epiphyseal nascent marrow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively examine how PDPN-expressing stromal cells contribute to marrow development and homeostasis.
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14
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Zhang H, Li X, Liu J, Lin X, Pei L, Boyce BF, Xing L. Proteasome inhibition-enhanced fracture repair is associated with increased mesenchymal progenitor cells in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263839. [PMID: 35213543 PMCID: PMC8880819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin/proteasome system controls the stability of Runx2 and JunB, proteins essential for differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells (MPCs) to osteoblasts. Local administration of proteasome inhibitor enhances bone fracture healing by accelerating endochondral ossification. However, if a short-term administration of proteasome inhibitor enhances fracture repair and potential mechanisms involved have yet to be exploited. We hypothesize that injury activates the ubiquitin/proteasome system in callus, leading to elevated protein ubiquitination and degradation, decreased MPCs, and impaired fracture healing, which can be prevented by a short-term of proteasome inhibition. We used a tibial fracture model in Nestin-GFP reporter mice, in which a subgroup of MPCs are labeled by Nestin-GFP, to test our hypothesis. We found increased expression of ubiquitin E3 ligases and ubiquitinated proteins in callus tissues at the early phase of fracture repair. Proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, given soon after fracture, enhanced fracture repair, which is accompanied by increased callus Nestin-GFP+ cells and their proliferation, and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and Runx2 and JunB proteins. Thus, early treatment of fractures with Bortezomib could enhance the fracture repair by increasing the number and proliferation of MPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingpeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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15
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Loopmans S, Stockmans I, Carmeliet G, Stegen S. Isolation and in vitro characterization of murine young-adult long bone skeletal progenitors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930358. [PMID: 35979436 PMCID: PMC9376626 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) constitute a reservoir of bone-forming cells necessary for bone development, modeling and remodeling, as well as for fracture healing. Recent advances in tools to identify and isolate SSPCs have revealed that cells with multipotent properties are present not only in neonatal bone, but also in adult bone marrow and periosteum. The long bone metaphysis and endosteum have been proposed as an additional SSPC niche, although in vitro approaches to study their cellular and molecular characteristics are still limited. Here, we describe a comprehensive procedure to isolate and culture SSPCs derived from the metaphysis and endosteum of young-adult mice. Based on flow cytometry analysis of known SSPC markers, we found the presence of putative multipotent SSPCs, similar to neonatal bone tissue. In vitro, metaphyseal/endosteal SSPCs possess self-renewing capacity, and their multipotency is underscored by the ability to differentiate into the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage, while chondrogenic potential is limited. Expansion of metaphyseal/endosteal SSPCs under low oxygen conditions increases their proliferation capacity, while progenitor properties are maintained, likely reflecting their hypoxic niche in vivo. Collectively, we propose a validated isolation and culture protocol to study metaphyseal/endosteal SSPC biology in vitro.
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16
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Stegen S, Devignes CS, Torrekens S, Van Looveren R, Carmeliet P, Carmeliet G. Glutamine Metabolism in Osteoprogenitors Is Required for Bone Mass Accrual and PTH-Induced Bone Anabolism in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:604-616. [PMID: 33253422 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis critically depends on the proper anabolic functioning of osteolineage cells. Proliferation and matrix synthesis are highly demanding in terms of biosynthesis and bioenergetics, but the nutritional requirements that support these processes in bone-forming cells are not fully understood. Here, we show that glutamine metabolism is a major determinant of osteoprogenitor function during bone mass accrual. Genetic inactivation of the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase 1 (GLS1) results in decreased postnatal bone mass, caused by impaired biosynthesis and cell survival. Mechanistically, we uncovered that GLS1-mediated glutamine catabolism supports nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, required for proliferation and matrix production. In addition, glutamine-derived glutathione prevents accumulation of reactive oxygen species and thereby safeguards cell viability. The pro-anabolic role of glutamine metabolism was further underscored in a model of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone formation. PTH administration increases glutamine uptake and catabolism, and GLS1 deletion fully blunts the PTH-induced osteoanabolic response. Taken together, our findings indicate that glutamine metabolism in osteoprogenitors is indispensable for bone formation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claire-Sophie Devignes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Torrekens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet Van Looveren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Matthews BG, Novak S, Sbrana FV, Funnell JL, Cao Y, Buckels EJ, Grcevic D, Kalajzic I. Heterogeneity of murine periosteum progenitors involved in fracture healing. eLife 2021; 10:e58534. [PMID: 33560227 PMCID: PMC7906599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is the major source of cells involved in fracture healing. We sought to characterize progenitor cells and their contribution to bone fracture healing. The periosteum is highly enriched with progenitor cells, including Sca1+ cells, fibroblast colony-forming units, and label-retaining cells compared to the endosteum and bone marrow. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrate that alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) identifies long-term, slow-cycling, self-renewing osteochondroprogenitors in the adult periosteum that are functionally important for bone formation during fracture healing. In addition, Col2.3CreER-labeled osteoblast cells contribute around 10% of osteoblasts but no chondrocytes in fracture calluses. Most periosteal osteochondroprogenitors following fracture can be targeted by αSMACreER. Previously identified skeletal stem cell populations were common in periosteum but contained high proportions of mature osteoblasts. We have demonstrated that the periosteum is highly enriched with skeletal progenitor cells, and there is heterogeneity in the populations of cells that contribute to mature lineages during periosteal fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Francesca V Sbrana
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Jessica L Funnell
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Emma J Buckels
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Intitute for Brain Research, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
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18
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van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function in physiology and disease. Nat Metab 2021; 3:11-20. [PMID: 33398192 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is diverse in its functions, which include mechanical support, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage and endocrine regulation. This multifaceted role is achieved through an interplay of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells, all generated from skeletal stem cells. Emerging evidence shows the importance of cellular metabolism in the molecular control of the skeletal system. The different skeletal cell types not only have distinct metabolic demands relating to their particular functions but also are affected by microenvironmental constraints. Specific metabolites control skeletal stem cell maintenance, direct lineage allocation and mediate cellular communication. Here, we discuss recent findings on the roles of cellular metabolism in determining skeletal stem cell fate, coordinating osteoblast and chondrocyte function, and organizing stromal support of haematopoiesis. We also consider metabolic dysregulation in skeletal ageing and degenerative diseases, and provide an outlook on how the field may evolve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Roelofs AJ, Kania K, Rafipay AJ, Sambale M, Kuwahara ST, Collins FL, Smeeton J, Serowoky MA, Rowley L, Wang H, Gronewold R, Kapeni C, Méndez-Ferrer S, Little CB, Bateman JF, Pap T, Mariani FV, Sherwood J, Crump JG, De Bari C. Identification of the skeletal progenitor cells forming osteophytes in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1625-1634. [PMID: 32963046 PMCID: PMC8136618 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteophytes are highly prevalent in osteoarthritis (OA) and are associated with pain and functional disability. These pathological outgrowths of cartilage and bone typically form at the junction of articular cartilage, periosteum and synovium. The aim of this study was to identify the cells forming osteophytes in OA. METHODS Fluorescent genetic cell-labelling and tracing mouse models were induced with tamoxifen to switch on reporter expression, as appropriate, followed by surgery to induce destabilisation of the medial meniscus. Contributions of fluorescently labelled cells to osteophytes after 2 or 8 weeks, and their molecular identity, were analysed by histology, immunofluorescence staining and RNA in situ hybridisation. Pdgfrα-H2BGFP mice and Pdgfrα-CreER mice crossed with multicolour Confetti reporter mice were used for identification and clonal tracing of mesenchymal progenitors. Mice carrying Col2-CreER, Nes-CreER, LepR-Cre, Grem1-CreER, Gdf5-Cre, Sox9-CreER or Prg4-CreER were crossed with tdTomato reporter mice to lineage-trace chondrocytes and stem/progenitor cell subpopulations. RESULTS Articular chondrocytes, or skeletal stem cells identified by Nes, LepR or Grem1 expression, did not give rise to osteophytes. Instead, osteophytes derived from Pdgfrα-expressing stem/progenitor cells in periosteum and synovium that are descendants from the Gdf5-expressing embryonic joint interzone. Further, we show that Sox9-expressing progenitors in periosteum supplied hybrid skeletal cells to the early osteophyte, while Prg4-expressing progenitors from synovial lining contributed to cartilage capping the osteophyte, but not to bone. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal distinct periosteal and synovial skeletal progenitors that cooperate to form osteophytes in OA. These cell populations could be targeted in disease modification for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karolina Kania
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rafipay
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Meike Sambale
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Kuwahara
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maxwell A Serowoky
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - René Gronewold
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanna Sherwood
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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20
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Cao Y, Buckels EJ, Matthews BG. Markers for Identification of Postnatal Skeletal Stem Cells In Vivo. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:655-665. [PMID: 33034805 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The adult skeleton contains stem cells involved in growth, homeostasis, and healing. Mesenchymal or skeletal stem cells are proposed to provide precursors to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow adipocytes, and stromal cells. We review the evidence for existence and functionality of different skeletal stem cell pools, and the tools available for identifying or targeting these populations in mouse and human tissues. RECENT FINDINGS Lineage tracing and single cell-based techniques in mouse models indicate that multiple pools of stem cells exist in postnatal bone. These include growth plate stem cells, stem and progenitor cells in the diaphysis, reticular cells that only form bone in response to injury, and injury-responsive periosteal stem cells. New staining protocols have also been described for prospective isolation of human skeletal stem cells. Several populations of postnatal skeletal stem and progenitor cells have been identified in mice, and we have an increasing array of tools to target these cells. Most Cre models lack a high degree of specificity to define single populations. Human studies are less advanced and require further efforts to refine methods for identifying stem and progenitor cells in adult bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emma J Buckels
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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21
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Xiao H, Wang L, Zhang T, Chen C, Chen H, Li S, Hu J, Lu H. Periosteum progenitors could stimulate bone regeneration in aged murine bone defect model. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12199-12210. [PMID: 32931157 PMCID: PMC7579685 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal stem cells are critical for bone regeneration, while the numbers will decrease with age. This study focused on whether Prx1+ cell, a kind of periosteal stem cell, could stimulate bone regeneration in aged mice. Four weeks and 12 months old Prx1CreER‐GFP; Rosa26tdTomato mice were used to reveal the degree of Prx1+ cells participating in the femoral fracture healing procedure. One week, 8 weeks, 12 and 24 months old Prx1CreER‐GFP mice were used to analyse the real‐time distribution of Prx1+ cells. Twelve months old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 96) were used to create the bone defect model and, respectively, received hydrogel, hydrogel with Prx1− mesenchymal stem cells and hydrogel with Prx1+ cells. H&E staining, Synchrotron radiation‐microcomputed tomography and mechanical test were used to analyse the healing results. The results showed that tdTomato+ cells were involved in bone regeneration, especially in young mice. At the same time, GFP+ cells decreased significantly with age. The Prx1+ cells group could significantly improve bone regeneration in the murine bone defect model via directly differentiating into osteoblasts and had better osteogenic differentiation ability than Prx1− mesenchymal stem cells. Our finding revealed that the quantity of Prx1+ cells might account for decreased bone regeneration ability in aged mice, and transplantation of Prx1+ cells could improve bone regeneration at the bone defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shengcan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, China
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22
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Thorup AS, Dell'Accio F, Eldridge SE. Lessons from joint development for cartilage repair in the clinic. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:360-376. [PMID: 32738003 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 250 years ago, William Hunter stated that when cartilage is destroyed it never recovers. In the last 20 years, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to joint formation and the knowledge that some of these mechanisms are reactivated in the homeostatic responses of cartilage to injury has offered an unprecedented therapeutic opportunity to achieve cartilage regeneration. Very large investments in ambitious clinical trials are finally revealing that, although we do not have perfect medicines yet, disease modification is a feasible possibility for human osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Thorup
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A, Filipović M, Kalajzić I, Grčević D, Kovačić N. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Bone 2020; 137:115403. [PMID: 32371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondroprogenitors are crucial for embryonic bone development and postnatal processes such as bone repair in response to fracture injury, and their dysfunction may contribute to insufficient repair of structural damage in inflammatory arthritides. In the fracture healing, the early inflammatory phase is crucial for normal callus development and new bone formation. This process involves a complex interplay of many molecules and cell types, responsible for recruitment, expansion and differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor populations. In inflammatory arthritides, inflammation induces bone resorption and causes insufficient bone formation, which leads to local and systemic bone loss. While bone loss is a predominant feature in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation also induces pathologic bone formation at enthesial sites in seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and have fundamental roles in maintenance of postnatal bone homeostasis. They are crucial regulators of the osteochondroprogenitor pool and drive their proliferation, differentiation, and lifespan during bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the effects of inflammation on osteochondroprogenitor populations during fracture repair and in inflammatory arthritides, with special focus on inflammation-mediated modulation of BMP signaling. We also present data in which we describe a population of murine synovial osteochondroprogenitor cells, which are reduced in arthritis, and characterize their expression of genes involved in regulation of bone homeostasis, emphasizing the up-regulation of BMP pathways in early progenitor subset. Based on the presented data, it may be concluded that during an inflammatory response, innate immune cells induce osteochondroprogenitors by providing signals for their recruitment, by producing BMPs and other osteogenic factors for paracrine effects, and by secreting inflammatory cytokines that may positively regulate osteogenic pathways. On the other hand, inflammatory cells may secrete cytokines that interfere with osteogenic pathways, proapoptotic factors that reduce the pool of osteochondroprogenitor cells, as well as BMP and Wnt antagonists. The net effect is strongly context-dependent and influenced by the local milieu of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Further elucidation of the interplay between inflammatory signals and BMP-mediated bone formation may provide valuable tools for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzić
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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