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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Calvi LM. Interplay Between Skeletal and Hematopoietic Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Homeostasis and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:416-432. [PMID: 38782850 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In this review, we discuss the most recent scientific advances on the reciprocal regulatory interactions between the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niche, focusing on immunomodulation and its interplay with the cell's mitochondrial function, and how this impacts osteoimmune health during aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between cells that make up the skeletal stem cell niche and immune system. Much work has investigated the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment with respect to the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cells that regulate skeletal formation and immune health respectively. It has now become clear that these cellular components cooperate to maintain homeostasis and that dysfunction in their interaction can lead to aging and disease. Having a deeper, mechanistic appreciation for osteoimmune regulation will lead to better research perspective and therapeutics with the potential to improve the aging process, skeletal and hematologic regeneration, and disease targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Garcia LFC, Wowk PF, Albrecht L. Unraveling the Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Depleted Serum on Endothelial Cell Characteristics over Time. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4761. [PMID: 38731980 PMCID: PMC11084606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all kinds of cells, including endothelial cells. It has been observed that EVs present in fetal bovine serum (FBS), broadly used in cell culture, can be a confounding factor and lead to misinterpretation of results. To investigate this phenomenon, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were cultured for 2 or 24 h in the presence of EV-depleted FBS (EVdS). Cell death, gene and protein expression, and the presence of EVs isolated from these cells were evaluated. The uptake of EVs, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression, and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells exposed to EVs were also evaluated. Our results revealed higher apoptosis rates in cells cultured with EVdS for 2 and 24 h. There was an increase in interleukin 8 (IL8) expression after 2 h and a decrease in interleukin 6 (IL6) and IL8 expression after 24 h of culture. Among the proteins identified in EVs isolated from cells cultured for 2 h (EV2h), several were related to ribosomes and carbon metabolism. EVs from cells cultured for 24 h (EV24h) presented a protein profile associated with cell adhesion and platelet activation. Additionally, HBMECs exhibited increased uptake of EV2h. Treatment of endothelial cells with EV2h resulted in greater ICAM-1 expression and greater adherence to monocytes than did treatment with EV24h. According to our data, HBMEC cultivated with EVdS produce EVs with different physical characteristics and protein levels that vary over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
| | - Letusa Albrecht
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, ICC-Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
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3
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Yan J. Roles of Myokines and Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Deterioration under Disuse Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38392980 PMCID: PMC10891558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inactivity and disuse conditions, such as those experienced during spaceflight and prolonged bedrest, are frequently accompanied by detrimental effects on the motor system, including skeletal muscle atrophy and bone loss, which greatly increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Moreover, the decrease in glucose and lipid utilization in skeletal muscles, a consequence of muscle atrophy, also contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration is important, providing therapeutic targets and a scientific foundation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders under disuse conditions. Skeletal muscle, as a powerful endocrine organ, participates in the regulation of physiological and biochemical functions of local or distal tissues and organs, including itself, in endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine manners. As a motor organ adjacent to muscle, bone tissue exhibits a relative lag in degenerative changes compared to skeletal muscle under disuse conditions. Based on this phenomenon, roles and mechanisms involved in the communication between skeletal muscle and bone, especially from muscle to bone, under disuse conditions have attracted widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of muscle-derived myokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the occurrence of muscle atrophy and bone loss under disuse conditions, as well as discuss future perspectives based on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
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Fang F, Yang J, Wang J, Li T, Wang E, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhou C. The role and applications of extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38263267 PMCID: PMC10806231 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a widely observed condition characterized by the systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture, which increases patient susceptibility to fragile fractures. The intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis are substantially impacted by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play crucial roles in both pathological and physiological contexts. EVs derived from various sources exert distinct effects on osteoporosis. Specifically, EVs released by osteoblasts, endothelial cells, myocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells contribute to bone formation due to their unique cargo of proteins, miRNAs, and cytokines. Conversely, EVs secreted by osteoclasts and immune cells promote bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Furthermore, the use of EVs as therapeutic modalities or biomaterials for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis is promising. Here, we review the current understanding of the impact of EVs on bone homeostasis, including the classification and biogenesis of EVs and the intricate regulatory mechanisms of EVs in osteoporosis. Furthermore, we present an overview of the latest research progress on diagnosing and treating osteoporosis by using EVs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of translational research on the use of EVs in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Erxiang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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5
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Deng Y, Xiao J, Ma L, Wang C, Wang X, Huang X, Cao Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Periodontitis and Associated Systemic Diseases: Implications for Pathomechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1024. [PMID: 38256098 PMCID: PMC10816612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disorder damaging periodontal tissues, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It arises from the complex interplay between pathogenic oral bacteria and host immune response. Contrary to the previous view of "energy factories", mitochondria have recently been recognized as semi-autonomous organelles that fine-tune cell survival, death, metabolism, and other functions. Under physiological conditions, periodontal tissue cells participate in dynamic processes, including differentiation, mineralization, and regeneration. These fundamental activities depend on properly functioning mitochondria, which play a crucial role through bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and quality control. However, during the initiation and progression of periodontitis, mitochondrial quality control is compromised due to a range of challenges, such as bacterial-host interactions, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Currently, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria dysfunction serves as a common pathological mechanism linking periodontitis with systemic conditions like type II diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, targeting mitochondria to intervene in periodontitis and multiple associated systemic diseases holds great therapeutic potential. This review provides advanced insights into the interplay between mitochondria, periodontitis, and associated systemic diseases. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of diverse therapeutic modulators and signaling pathways that regulate mitochondrial function in periodontal and systemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Junhong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Ma S, Xing X, Huang H, Gao X, Xu X, Yang J, Liao C, Zhang X, Liu J, Tian W, Liao L. Skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles transport glycolytic enzymes to mediate muscle-to-bone crosstalk. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2028-2043.e7. [PMID: 37939660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Identification of cues originating from skeletal muscle that govern bone formation is essential for understanding the crosstalk between muscle and bone and for developing therapies for degenerative bone diseases. Here, we identified that skeletal muscle secreted multiple extracellular vesicles (Mu-EVs). These Mu-EVs traveled through the bloodstream to reach bone, where they were phagocytized by bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs). Mu-EVs promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and protected against disuse osteoporosis in mice. The quantity and bioactivity of Mu-EVs were tightly correlated with the function of skeletal muscle. Proteomic analysis revealed numerous proteins in Mu-EVs, some potentially regulating bone metabolism, especially glycolysis. Subsequent investigations indicated that Mu-EVs promoted the glycolysis of BMSCs by delivering lactate dehydrogenase A into these cells. In summary, these findings reveal that Mu-EVs play a vital role in BMSC metabolism regulation and bone formation stimulation, offering a promising approach for treating disuse osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinglun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Khoury R, Nagy C. Running from stress: a perspective on the potential benefits of exercise-induced small extracellular vesicles for individuals with major depressive disorder. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154872. [PMID: 37398548 PMCID: PMC10309045 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise promotes beneficial effects in the brain including increased synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and regulates neuroinflammation and stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Exercise can have therapeutic effects for numerous brain-related pathologies, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are thought to be mediated through the release of "exerkines" including metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones that communicate between the brain and periphery. While the specific mechanisms underlying the positive effects of aerobic exercise on MDD have not been fully elucidated, the evidence suggests that exercise may exert a direct or indirect influence on the brain via small extracellular vesicles which have been shown to transport signaling molecules including "exerkines" between cells and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). sEVs are released by most cell types, found in numerous biofluids, and capable of crossing the BBB. sEVs have been associated with numerous brain-related functions including neuronal stress response, cell-cell communication, as well as those affected by exercise like synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In addition to known exerkines, they are loaded with other modulatory cargo such as microRNA (miRNA), an epigenetic regulator that regulates gene expression levels. How exercise-induced sEVs mediate exercise dependent improvements in MDD is unknown. Here, we perform a thorough survey of the current literature to elucidate the potential role of sEVs in the context of neurobiological changes seen with exercise and depression by summarizing studies on exercise and MDD, exercise and sEVs, and finally, sEVs as they relate to MDD. Moreover, we describe the links between peripheral sEV levels and their potential for infiltration into the brain. While literature suggests that aerobic exercise is protective against the development of mood disorders, there remains a scarcity of data on the therapeutic effects of exercise. Recent studies have shown that aerobic exercise does not appear to influence sEV size, but rather influence their concentration and cargo. These molecules have been independently implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Taken together, these studies suggest that concentration of sEVs are increased post exercise, and they may contain specifically packaged protective cargo representing a novel therapeutic for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Khoury
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Fernández‐Rhodes M, Adlou B, Williams S, Lees R, Peacock B, Aubert D, Jalal AR, Lewis MP, Davies OG. Defining the influence of size-exclusion chromatography fraction window and ultrafiltration column choice on extracellular vesicle recovery in a skeletal muscle model. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e85. [PMID: 38939692 PMCID: PMC11080914 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to provide new insights into skeletal muscle (SM) physiology and pathophysiology. However, current isolation protocols often do not eliminate co-isolated components such as lipoproteins and RNA binding proteins that could confound outcomes and hinder downstream clinical translation. In this study, we validated an EV isolation protocol that combined size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with ultrafiltration (UF) to increase sample throughput, scalability and purity, while providing the very first analysis of the effects of UF column choice and fraction window on EV recovery. C2C12 myotube conditioned medium was pre-concentrated using either Amicon® Ultra 15 or Vivaspin®20 100 KDa UF columns and processed by SEC (IZON, qEV 70 nm). The resulting thirty fractions obtained were individually analysed to identify an optimal fraction window for EV recovery. The EV marker TSG101 could be detected from fractions 5 to 14, while CD9 and Annexin A2 only up to fraction 6. ApoA1+ lipoprotein co-isolates were detected from fraction 6 onwards for both protocols. Strikingly, Amicon and Vivaspin UF concentration protocols led to qualitative and quantitative variations in EV marker profiles and purity. Eliminating lipoprotein co-isolation by reducing the SEC fraction window resulted in a net loss of particles, but increased measures of sample purity and had only a negligible impact on the presence of EV marker proteins. In conclusion, our study developed an effective UF+SEC protocol for the isolation of EVs based on sample purity (fractions 1-5) and total EV abundance (fractions 2-10). We provide evidence to demonstrate that the choice of UF column can affect the composition of the resulting EV preparation and needs to be considered when being applied in EV isolation studies in SM. The resulting protocols will be valuable in isolating highly pure EV preparations for applications in a range of therapeutic and diagnostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández‐Rhodes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Bahman Adlou
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Soraya Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | | | | | | | - Aveen R. Jalal
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
| | - Owen G. Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
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Takada Y, Takafuji Y, Mizukami Y, Ohira T, Kawao N, Okada K, Kaji H. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blunts the Osteogenic Effects of Muscle Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Affecting Muscle Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:377-388. [PMID: 36576505 PMCID: PMC9795943 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Although studies have described muscle-bone interactions via humoral factors, we reported that EVs from C2C12 muscle cells (Myo-EVs) suppress osteoclast formation. Current clinical evidence suggests that inflammation induces both sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Although tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a critical proinflammatory factor, the influences of TNF-α on muscle-bone interactions and Myo-EVs are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TNF-α stimulation of C2C12 cells on osteoclast formation and osteoblastic differentiation modulated by Myo-EVs in mouse cells. TNF-α significantly decreased the protein amount in Myo-EVs, but did not affect the Myo-EV size distribution. TNF-α treatment of C2C12 myoblasts significantly decreased the suppression of osteoclast formation induced by Myo-EVs from C2C12 myoblasts in mouse bone marrow cells. Moreover, TNF-α treatment of C2C12 myoblasts in mouse preosteoclastic Raw 264.7 cells significantly limited the Myo-EV-induced suppression of osteoclast formation and decreased the Myo-EV-induced increase in mRNA levels of osteoclast formation-related genes. On the other hand, TNF-α treatment of C2C12 muscle cells significantly decreased the degree of Myo-EV-promoted mRNA levels of Osterix and osteocalcin, as well as ALP activity in mouse mesenchymal ST-2 cells. TNF-α also significantly decreased miR196-5p level in Myo-EVs from C2C12 myoblasts in quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, TNF-α stimulation of C2C12 muscle cells blunts both the osteoclast formation suppression and the osteoblastic differentiation promotion that occurs due to Myo-EVs in mouse cells. Thus, TNF-α may disrupt the muscle-bone interactions by direct Myo-EV modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 5898511, Japan.
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10
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Takafuji Y, Kawao N, Ohira T, Mizukami Y, Okada K, Jo JI, Tabata Y, Kaji H. Extracellular vesicles secreted from mouse muscle cells improve delayed bone repair in diabetic mice. Endocr J 2023; 70:161-171. [PMID: 36198617 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral factors that are secreted from skeletal muscles can regulate bone metabolism and contribute to muscle-bone relationships. Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes, the roles of EVs that are secreted from skeletal muscles in bone repair have remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the local administration of muscle cell-derived EVs on bone repair in control and streptozotocin-treated diabetic female mice. Muscle cell-derived EVs (Myo-EVs) were isolated from the conditioned medium from mouse muscle C2C12 cells by ultracentrifugation, after which Myo-EVs and gelatin hydrogel sheets were transplanted on femoral bone defect sites. The local administration of Myo-EVs significantly improved delayed bone repair that was induced by the diabetic state in mice 9 days after surgery. Moreover, this administration significantly enhanced the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume at the damaged sites 9 days after surgery in the control mice. Moreover, the local administration of Myo-EVs significantly blunted the number of Osterix-positive cells that were suppressed by the diabetic state at the damage sites after bone injury in mice. Additionally, Myo-EVs significantly blunted the mRNA levels of Osterix and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ALP activity was suppressed by advanced glycation end product 3 in ST2 cells that were treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that the local administration of Myo-EVs improves delayed bone repair that is induced by the diabetic state through an enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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11
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Chen L, Wu J, Ren W, Li X, Luo M, Hu Y. Association of osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss with serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide: A cross-sectional study in elder Chinese population. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230642. [PMID: 36820065 PMCID: PMC9938641 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β (β-CTX) increases in osteoporosis. The study aimed to explore the relationship between serum β-CTX and the risk of osteoporosis as well as sarcopenia in Chinese elderly inpatients. Around 228 patients whose age >65 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray scanning was used to access skeletal muscle and bone mass. Serum concentration of β-CTX as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis were significantly higher in low skeletal muscle index (SMI) group than that in the normal SMI group (P < 0.05). Serum β-CTX levels negatively correlated with SMI and bone mass (P < 0.05). Total muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, SMI, total bone mass, and bone mass at various sites including the limbs, spine, and pelvis decreased significantly, and the prevalence of low SMI increased with the increase of the quartiles of β-CTX. Higher serum β-CTX had an increased risk of low SMI and osteoporosis (P < 0.05). Summarily, with increasing serum β-CTX levels, both muscle and bone mass decreased in Chinese elderly inpatients. Serum β-CTX was positively associated with the risk of not only osteoporosis but also skeletal muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Weiying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai200032, China
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12
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Huang H, Ma S, Xing X, Su X, Xu X, Tang Q, Gao X, Yang J, Li M, Liang C, Wu Y, Liao L, Tian W. Muscle-derived extracellular vesicles improve disuse-induced osteoporosis by rebalancing bone formation and bone resorption. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:609-624. [PMID: 36526242 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide with characteristics of reduced bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. It has been predicted to become a global challenge with the aging of the world population. However, the current therapy based on antiresorptive drugs and anabolic drugs has unwanted side effects. Although cell-based treatments have shown therapeutic effects for osteoporosis, there are still some limitations inhibiting the process of clinical application. In the present study, we developed EVs derived from skeletal muscle tissues (Mu-EVs) as a cell-free therapy to treat disuse-induced osteoporosis. Our results showed that Mu-EVs could be prepared easily and abundantly from skeletal muscle tissues, and that these Mu-EVs had typical features of extracellular vesicles. In vitro studies demonstrated that Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles could be phagocytized by bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoclasts (OCs), and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibited OCs formation. Correspondingly, Mu-EVs from atrophic skeletal muscles attenuated the osteogenesis of BMSCs and strengthened the osteoclastogenesis of monocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that Mu-EVs could efficiently reverse disuse-induced osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and suppressing bone resorption. Collectively, our results suggest that Mu-EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy for osteoporosis treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide and has become a global health concern with the aging of the world population. The current treatment for osteoporosis has unwanted side effects. Extracellular veiscles (EVs) from various cell sources are a promising candidate for osteoporosis treatment. In the present study, our team established protocols to isolate EVs from culture supernatant of skeletal muscles (Mu-EVs). Uptake of Mu-EVs by BMSCs and osteoclasts influences the balance of bone remodeling via promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibiting the osteoclasts formation of monocytes. In addition, exogenous Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles are proved to reverse the disuse-induced osteoporosis. We provide experimental evidence that Mu-EVs therapy is a potential cell-free platform for osteoporosis treatment towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Tang
- West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, No.21, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
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13
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Wu S, Lin S, Zhang X, Alizada M, Wang L, Zheng Y, Ke Q, Xu J. Recent advances in cell-based and cell-free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22614. [PMID: 36250337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise-based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle-specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell-free and cell-based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mujahid Alizada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Luo Z, Qi B, Sun Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Qin H, Wang N, Shi R, Shang X, Chen S, Chen J. Engineering Bioactive M2 Macrophage-Polarized, Anti-inflammatory, miRNA-Based Liposomes for Functional Muscle Repair: From Exosomal Mechanisms to Biomaterials. SMALL 2022; 18:e2201957. [PMID: 35802903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe inflammation and myogenic differentiation disorder are the major obstacles to skeletal muscle healing after injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as regulatory molecules during the process of muscle healing, but the detailed mechanism of miRNA-mediated intercellular communication between myoblasts and macrophages remains unclear. Here, it is reported that myoblasts secrete miRNAs-enriched exosomes in the inflammatory environment, through which miR-224 is transferred into macrophages to inhibit M2 polarization. Further data demonstrate that WNT-9a may be a direct target of miR-224 for macrophage polarization. In turn, the secretome of M1 macrophages impairs myogenic differentiation and promotes proliferation. Single-cell integration analysis suggests that the elevation of exosome-derived miR-224 is caused by the activation of the key factor E2F1 in myoblasts and demonstrates the RB/E2F1/miR-224/WNT-9a axis. In vivo results show that treatment with antagomir-224 or liposomes containing miR-224 inhibitors suppresses fibrosis and improves muscle recovery. These findings indicate the importance of the crosstalk between myoblasts and macrophages via miRNA-containing exosomes in the regulation of macrophage polarization and myogenic differentiation/proliferation during muscle healing. This study provides a strategy for treating muscle injury through designing an M2 polarization-enabling anti-inflammatory and miRNA-based bioactive material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Runjie Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai ninth people's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
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15
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Kawaguchi M, Kawao N, Muratani M, Takafuji Y, Ishida M, Kinoshita Y, Takada Y, Mizukami Y, Ohira T, Kaji H. Role of peripheral myelin protein 22 in chronic exercise-induced interactions of muscle and bone in mice. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2492-2502. [PMID: 35194789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is important for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Although the interactions between skeletal muscles and bone have recently been reported, the myokines linking muscle to bone during exercise remain unknown. We previously revealed that chronic exercise using treadmill running blunts ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in mice. We herein performed an RNA sequence analysis of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of male mice with or without chronic exercise to identify the myokines responsible for the effects of chronic exercise on the muscle/bone relationship. We extracted peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) as a humoral factor that was putatively induced by chronic exercise in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice from the RNA sequence analysis. Chronic exercise significantly enhanced the expression of PMP22 in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of female mice. PMP22 suppressed macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator factor κB ligand-induced increases in the expression of osteoclast-related genes and osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells. Moreover, PMP22 significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization in mouse osteoblast cultures; however, the overexpression of PMP22 did not affect muscle phenotypes in mouse muscle C2C12 cells. A simple regression analysis revealed that PMP22 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were positively related to cortical bone mineral density at the femurs of mice with or without chronic exercise. In conclusion, we identified PMP22 as a novel myokine induced by chronic exercise in mice. We first showed that PMP22 suppresses osteoclast formation and the osteoblast phenotype in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinoshita
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Takada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Pin F, Beltrà M, Garcia-Castillo L, Pardini B, Birolo G, Matullo G, Penna F, Guttridge D, Costelli P. Extracellular vesicles derived from tumour cells as a trigger of energy crisis in the skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:481-494. [PMID: 34931471 PMCID: PMC8818645 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a syndrome frequently occurring in cancer patients, is characterized by muscle wasting, altered energy and protein metabolism and impaired myogenesis. Tumour-derived microvesicles (TMVs) containing proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and non-coding RNAs could contribute to cancer-induced muscle wasting. METHODS Differential ultracentrifugation was used to isolate TMVs from the conditioned medium of Lewis lung carcinoma and C26 colon carcinoma cell cultures. TMVs were added to the culture medium of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes for 24-48-72 h, and the effects on protein and energy metabolism were assessed. TMVs were also isolated from the blood of C26-bearing mice. MicroRNA (miR) profile of TMVs was obtained by RNA-seq and validated by digital drop PCR. Selected miRs were overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts to assess the effects on myogenic differentiation. RESULTS Differentiation was delayed in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to TMVs, according to reduced expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC; about 62% of controls at Day 4) and myogenin (about 68% of controls at Day 4). As for myotubes, TMVs did not affect the expression of MyHC, while revealed able to modulate mitochondria and oxidative metabolism. Indeed, reduced mRNA levels of PGC-1α (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.57 ± 0.06, normalized fold change, P < 0.05) and Cytochrome C (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.65 ± 0.04, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), associated with increased BNIP3 expression (C = 1 ± 0.1, TMV = 1.29 ± 0.2, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), were observed, suggesting reduced mitochondrial biogenesis/amount and enhanced mitophagy. These changes were paralleled by decreased oxygen consumption (C = 686.9 ± 44 pmol/min, TMV = 552.25 ± 24 pmol/min, P < 0.01) and increased lactate levels (C = 0.0063 ± 0.00045 nmol/μL, TMV = 0.0094 ± 0.00087 nmol/μL, P < 0.01). A total of 118 miRs were found in MVs derived from the plasma of the C26 hosts; however, only three of them were down-regulated (RNA-seq): miR-181a-5p (-1.46 fold change), miR-375-3p (-2.52 fold change), and miR-455-5p (-3.87 fold change). No correlation could be observed among miRs in the MVs obtained from the blood of the C26 host and those released by C26 cells in the culture medium. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p in C2C12 myoblasts revealed the ability to impinge on the mRNA levels of Myf5, Myog, and MyHC (Myh4 and Myh7). CONCLUSIONS These results show that in C2C12 cultures, TMVs are able to affect both differentiation and the mitochondrial system. Such effects could be related to TMV-contained miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Denis Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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17
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Ehara H, Tatsumi K, Takafuji Y, Kawao N, Ishida M, Okada K, Mackman N, Kaji H. Role of tissue factor in delayed bone repair induced by diabetic state in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260754. [PMID: 34855855 PMCID: PMC8638858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor (TF) is the primary activator of the extrinsic coagulation protease cascade. Although TF plays roles in various pathological states, such as thrombosis, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, its involvement in bone metabolism remains unknown. Materials and methods The present study examined the roles of TF in delayed bone repair induced by a diabetic state in mice using wild-type (WT) and low TF-expressing (LTF) male mice. A diabetic state was induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Results A prolonged diabetic state significantly reduced total and trabecular bone mineral densities (BMD) as well as cortical bone thickness in WT and LTF mice; these BMD parameters were similar between WT and LTF mice treated with or without STZ. The diabetic state induced in WT mice delayed the repair of the femur following injury. The diabetic state induced in LTF mice was associated with further delays in bone repair. In in vitro experiments, TF significantly decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastogenic gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. However, it did not affect the gene expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix as well as alkaline phosphatase activity in mouse primary osteoblasts. Conclusion Low TF state was associated with enhanced bone repair delay induced by diabetic state in mice. The TF-induced suppression of bone remodeling may be a contributing factor to the protective effects of TF against delayed bone repair in a diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ehara
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, UNC Blood Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136651. [PMID: 34206294 PMCID: PMC8268587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation and signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that this is just the tip of the iceberg, and we are constantly discovering novel concepts in osteoblast physiology. In this review, we discuss well-established pathways of osteoblastic differentiation, i.e., the classical ones committing mesenchymal stromal cells to osteoblast, and then osteocytes as well as recently emerged players. In particular, we discuss micro (mi)RNAs, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on the mechanisms through which osteoblasts are regulated by these factors, and conversely, how they use extracellular vesicles to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment.
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19
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Takafuji Y, Tatsumi K, Kawao N, Okada K, Muratani M, Kaji H. Effects of fluid flow shear stress to mouse muscle cells on the bone actions of muscle cell-derived extracellular vesicless. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250741. [PMID: 33961664 PMCID: PMC8104413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between skeletal muscle and bone have been recently noted, and muscle-derived humoral factors related to bone metabolism play crucial roles in the muscle/bone relationships. We previously reported that extracellular vesicles from mouse muscle C2C12 cells (Myo-EVs) suppress osteoclast formation in mice. Although mechanical stress is included in extrinsic factors which are important for both muscle and bone, the detailed roles of mechanical stress in the muscle/bone interactions have still remained unknown. In present study, we examined the effects of fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) to C2C12 cells on the physiological actions of muscle cell-derived EV. Applying FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed osteoclast formation and several osteoclast-related gene levels in mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Moreover, FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed mitochondria biogenesis genes during osteoclast formation with RANKL treatment. In addition, FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed osteoclast formation and several osteoclast-related gene levels in Raw264.7 cells in the presence of RANKL. Small RNA-seq-analysis showed that FFSS elevated the expression of miR196a-5p and miR155-5p with the suppressive actions of osteoclast formation and low expression in mouse bone cells. On the other hand, muscle cell-derived EVs with or without FFSS to C2C12 cells did not affect the expression of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in mouse osteoblasts. In conclusion, we first showed that FFSS to C2C12 cells enhances the suppressive effects of muscle cell-derived EVs on osteoclast formation in mouse cells. Muscle cell-derived EVs might be partly involved in the effects of mechanical stress on the muscle/bone relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genome Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Miyamoto K, Hirayama A, Sato Y, Ikeda S, Maruyama M, Soga T, Tomita M, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Yoshimura N, Miyamoto T. A Metabolomic Profile Predictive of New Osteoporosis or Sarcopenia Development. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050278. [PMID: 33924750 PMCID: PMC8145554 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia is a global concern among countries with progressively aging societies. The high medical costs of treating those patients suggest that prevention rather than treatment is preferable. We enrolled 729 subjects who attended both the second and third surveys of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study. Blood samples were collected from subjects at the second survey, and then a comprehensive metabolomic analysis was performed. It was found that 35 had newly developed osteoporosis at the third survey performed four years later, and 39 were newly diagnosed with sarcopenia at the third survey. In the second survey, we found that serum Gly levels were significantly higher even after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI in subjects with newly developed osteoporosis relative to those who remained osteoporosis-negative during the four-year follow-up. We also show that serum taurine levels were significantly lower at the second survey, even after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI in subjects with newly developed sarcopenia during the four-year follow-up compared with those not diagnosed with sarcopenia at the second or third surveys. Though our sample size and odds ratios were small, increased Gly and decreased taurine levels were found to be predictive of new development of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, respectively, within four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (S.I.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (S.I.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Midori Maruyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (S.I.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (S.I.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (S.I.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Noriko Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-373-5226
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21
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Lee JM, Kim MJ, Lee SJ, Kim BG, Choi JY, Lee SM, Ham HJ, Koh JM, Jeon JH, Lee IK. PDK2 Deficiency Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Regulating the RANKL-NFATc1 Pathway During Osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:553-566. [PMID: 33125772 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency leads to osteoporosis as a result of an imbalance in bone remodeling due to greater bone resorption. Estrogen deficiency increases the osteoclastic resorption of bone, and many of the FDA-approved therapies for osteoporosis are antiresorptive drugs that mainly act by reducing osteoclast activity. The mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a critical regulator of aerobic glycolysis that exerts its effects by phosphorylating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which is responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, we found that during osteoclast differentiation, PDK2 expression increased more than that of the other PDK isoenzymes. Bone loss was delayed and the number of osteoclasts was lower in ovariectomized (OVX) Pdk2-/- mice than in OVX wild-type mice. The differentiation of osteoclasts was suppressed in Pdk2-/- bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, which was associated with lower phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and c-FOS, and a consequent reduction in NFATc1 transcription. Administration of AZD7545, a specific inhibitor of PDK2, prevented the OVX-induced bone loss and reduced the phosphorylation of CREB and c-FOS, and the protein expression of NFATc1, in osteoclasts. Collectively, these results indicate that the inhibition of PDK2 prevents osteoporosis in estrogen-deficient mice by reducing aberrant osteoclast activation, probably via inhibition of the RANKL-CREB-cFOS-NFATc1 pathway. These findings imply that PDK2 inhibitors might be repurposed for the therapy of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ham
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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22
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Takafuji Y, Tatsumi K, Kawao N, Okada K, Muratani M, Kaji H. MicroRNA-196a-5p in Extracellular Vesicles Secreted from Myoblasts Suppresses Osteoclast-like Cell Formation in Mouse Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:364-376. [PMID: 33090325 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle/bone interaction has been recently noted. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in physiological and pathophysiological processes by transferring microRNA (miRNA) to distant tissues. We previously reported that EVs secreted from C2C12 myoblasts (Myo-EVs) suppress osteoclast differentiation. In the present study, we identified 4 miRNAs in Myo-EVs that suppressed osteoclast-like cell formation in Raw264.7 cells using small RNA sequencing analysis. Among them, miR-196a-5p expression was higher in C2C12 cells compared to mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Transfection of miR-196a-5p mimic suppressed the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes and mitochondrial energy metabolism induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in Raw264.7 cells. In contrast, miR-196a-5p mimic enhanced osteoblastic differentiation in ST-2 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-196-5p suppresses osteoclast-like cell formation and mitochondrial energy metabolism in mouse cells, suggesting that it might be a crucial factor for muscle/bone interaction via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genome Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan.
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23
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Darkwah S, Park EJ, Myint PK, Ito A, Appiah MG, Obeng G, Kawamoto E, Shimaoka M. Potential Roles of Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Remodeling Cellular Microenvironment: Proposed Implications of the Exercise-Induced Myokine, Irisin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634853. [PMID: 33614663 PMCID: PMC7892973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players of intercellular communication and mediate crosstalk between tissues. Metastatic tumors release tumorigenic EVs, capable of pre-conditioning distal sites for organotropic metastasis. Growing evidence identifies muscle cell-derived EVs and myokines as potent mediators of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Muscle-derived EVs cargo myokines and other biological modulators like microRNAs, cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins hence, are likely to modulate the remodeling of niches in vital sites, such as liver and adipose tissues. Despite the scarcity of evidence to support a direct relationship between muscle-EVs and cancer metastasis, their indirect attribution to the regulation of niche remodeling and the establishment of pre-metastatic homing niches can be put forward. This hypothesis is supported by the role of muscle-derived EVs in findings gathered from other pathologies like inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we present and discuss studies that evidently support the potential roles of muscle-derived EVs in the events of niche pre-conditioning and remodeling of metastatic tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential contributions of the integrin-mediated interactions with an emerging myokine, irisin, to the regulation of EV-driven microenvironment remodeling in tumor metastasis. Further research into muscle-derived EVs and myokines in cancer progression is imperative and may hold promising contributions to advance our knowledge in the pathophysiology, progression and therapeutic management of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Darkwah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Phyoe Kyawe Myint
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gideon Obeng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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24
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Youssef El Baradie KB, Hamrick MW. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles for musculoskeletal repair & regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:99-114. [PMID: 32602385 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1781102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are common in both the civilian and combat care settings. Significant barriers exist to repairing these injuries including fracture nonunion, muscle fibrosis, re-innervation, and compartment syndrome, as well as infection and inflammation. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted attention in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. These vesicles are released by different cell types and play a vital role in cell communication by delivering functional cargoes such as proteins and RNAs. Many of these cargo molecules can be utilized for repair purposes in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, sarcopenia, and fracture healing. There are, however, some challenges to overcome in order to advance the successful application of these vesicles in the therapeutic setting. These include large-scale production and isolation of exosomes, long-term storage, in vivo stability, and strategies for tissue-specific targeting and delivery. This paper reviews the general characteristics of exosomes along with their physiological roles and contribution to the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases. We also highlight new findings on the use of synthetic exosomes to overcome the limitations of native exosomes in treating musculoskeletal injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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25
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He C, He W, Hou J, Chen K, Huang M, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:585644. [PMID: 33363144 PMCID: PMC7758235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.585644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently, increasing basic and clinical data suggest that skeletal muscle and bone are both spatially and metabolically connected. The term "osteosarcopenia" is used to define a condition of synergy of low bone mineral density with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Bone and muscle cells secrete several factors, such as cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, into the circulation to influence the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs derived from senescent skeletal muscle and bone cells can also be transported and aid in regulating bone-muscle crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the age-related changes in the secretome and extracellular vesicle-microRNAs secreted by the muscle and bone, and discuss their interactions between muscle and bone cells during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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26
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Kawaguchi M, Kawao N, Takafuji Y, Ishida M, Kaji H. Myonectin inhibits the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in mouse cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03967. [PMID: 32514479 PMCID: PMC7266783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myonectin is a myokine, which is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity, and various myokines are involved in the interactions between skeletal muscle and bone. However, roles of myonectin in bone have still remained unknown. We therefore examined the effects of myonectin on mouse osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Myonectin significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of osteogenic genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in mouse osteoblasts. As for osteoclasts, myonectin significantly suppressed osteoclast formation as well as the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes enhanced by receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) from mouse monocytic RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, myonectin significantly suppressed osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and RANKL. On the other hand, myonectin significantly suppressed RANKL-induced oxygen consumption rate and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β mRNA levels in RAW264.7 cells, although myonectin did not affect these mitochondrial biogenesis parameters in mouse osteoblasts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that myonectin suppresses the differentiation and ALP activity in mouse osteoblasts. Moreover, myonectin suppressed osteoclast differentiation from mouse bone marrow and RAW264.7 cells partly through an inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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