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Gillies GS, Munley JA, Kelly LS, Pons EE, Kannan KB, Bible LE, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Anemia Recovery After Lung Contusion, Hemorrhagic Shock, and Chronic Stress Is Gender-Specific in a Rat Model. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:773-781. [PMID: 37903014 PMCID: PMC10659020 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe trauma and hemorrhagic shock lead to persistent anemia. Although biologic gender is known to modulate inflammatory responses after critical illness, the impact of gender on anemia recovery after injury remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify gender-specific differences in anemia recovery after critical illness. Materials and Methods: Male and proestrus female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-9 per group) were subjected to lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock (LCHS) or LCHS with daily chronic stress (LCHS/CS) compared with naïve. Hematologic data, bone marrow progenitor growth, and bone marrow and liver gene transcription were analyzed on day seven. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: Males lost substantial weight after LCHS and LCHS/CS compared with naïve males, while female LCHS rats did not compared with naive counterparts. Male LCHS rats had a drastic decrease in hemoglobin from naïve males. Male LCHS/CS rats had reduced colony-forming units-granulocyte, -erythrocyte, -monocyte, -megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) when compared with female counterparts. Naïve, LCHS, and LCHS/CS males had lower serum iron than their respective female counterparts. Liver transcription of BMP4 and BMP6 was elevated after LCHS and LCHS/CS in males compared with females. The LCHS/CS males had decreased expression of bone marrow pro-erythroid factors compared with LCHS/CS females. Conclusions: After trauma with or without chronic stress, male rats demonstrated increased weight loss, substantial decrease in hemoglobin level, dysregulated iron metabolism, substantial suppression of bone marrow erythroid progenitor growth, and no change in transcription of pro-erythroid factors. These findings confirm that gender is an important variable that impacts anemia recovery and bone marrow dysfunction after traumatic injury and shock in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Munley
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren S. Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erick E. Pons
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kolenkode B. Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Letitia E. Bible
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Zhang B, Li X, Zhou X, Lou C, Wang S, Lv H, Zhang G, Fang Y, Yin D, Shang P. Magneto-mechanical stimulation modulates osteocyte fate via the ECM-integrin-CSK axis and wnt pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107365. [PMID: 37554458 PMCID: PMC10405320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are the mechano-sensors of bones. Large gradient high-static magnetic fields (LG-HMFs) produce stable, high-precision, and non-attenuation mechanical forces. We discovered that magnetic forces opposite to gravity inhibited MLO-Y4 osteocyte proliferation and viability by inducing structural damage and apoptosis. In contrast, magnetic force loading in the same direction as that of gravity promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of MLO-Y4 osteocytes. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis after magnetic force stimulation indicated that the ECM-integrin-CSK axis responded most significantly to mechanical signals. Wisp2 was the most significant DEG between the 12 T upward and downward groups, showing the highest correlation with the Wnt pathway according to the STRING protein interaction database. Explaining the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which mechanical stimuli influence bone remodeling is currently the focus of osteocyte-related research. Our findings provide insights into the effects of LG-HMFs on bone cells, which have further implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - ChenGe Lou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Dachuan Yin
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Bolamperti S, Villa I, Rubinacci A. Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence. Bone Res 2022; 10:48. [PMID: 35851054 PMCID: PMC9293977 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was initially thought that the basic multicellular unit (BMU) responsible for bone remodeling consists of osteoclasts and osteoblasts functioning through a hierarchical sequence of events organized into distinct stages. However, recent discoveries have indicated that all bone cells participate in BMU formation by interacting both simultaneously and at different differentiation stages with their progenitors, other cells, and bone matrix constituents. Therefore, bone remodeling is currently considered a physiological outcome of continuous cellular operational processes optimized to confer a survival advantage. Bone remodeling defines the primary activities that BMUs need to perform to renew successfully bone structural units. Hence, this review summarizes the current understanding of bone remodeling and future research directions with the aim of providing a clinically relevant biological background with which to identify targets for therapeutic strategies in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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Kim NR, David K, Sommers V, Schollaert D, Deboel L, Ohlsson C, Gustafsson JÅ, Antonio L, Decallonne B, Claessens F, Vanderschueren D, Dubois V. Inactivation of AR or ERα in Extrahypothalamic Neurons Does not Affect Osteogenic Response to Loading in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6594680. [PMID: 35640239 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Failure of bone mass maintenance in spite of functional loading is an important contributor to osteoporosis and related fractures. While the link between sex steroids and the osteogenic response to loading is well established, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, hampering clinical relevance. Androgens inhibit mechanoresponsiveness in male mice, but the cell type mediating this effect remains unidentified. To evaluate the role of neuronal sex steroid receptor signaling in the male bone's adaptive capacity, we subjected adult male mice with an extrahypothalamic neuron-specific knockout of the androgen receptor (N-ARKO) or the estrogen receptor alpha (N-ERαKO) to in vivo mechanical stimulation of the tibia. Loading increased cortical thickness in the control animals mainly through periosteal expansion, as total cross-sectional tissue area and cortical bone area but not medullary area were higher in the loaded than the unloaded tibia. Trabecular bone volume fraction also increased upon loading in the control group, mostly due to trabecular thickening. N-ARKO and N-ERαKO males displayed a loading response at both the cortical and trabecular bone compartments that was not different from their control littermates. In conclusion, we show that the presence of androgen receptor or estrogen receptor alpha in extrahypothalamic neurons is dispensable for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kim
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel David
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vera Sommers
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Schollaert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Deboel
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Basic and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sclerostin: From Molecule to Clinical Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094751. [PMID: 35563144 PMCID: PMC9104784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a glycoprotein encoded by the SOST gene, is mainly produced by mature osteocytes and is a critical regulator of bone formation through its inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling. Osteocytes are differentiated osteoblasts that form a vast and highly complex communication network and orchestrate osteogenesis in response to both mechanical and hormonal cues. The three most commonly described pathways of SOST gene regulation are mechanotransduction, Wnt/β-catenin, and steroid signaling. Downregulation of SOST and thereby upregulation of local Wnt signaling is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. This review covers recent findings concerning the identification of SOST, in vitro regulation of SOST gene expression, structural and functional properties of sclerostin, pathophysiology, biological variability, and recent assay developments for measuring circulating sclerostin. The three-dimensional structure of human sclerostin was generated with the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database applying a novel deep learning algorithm based on the amino acid sequence. The functional properties of the 3-loop conformation within the tertiary structure of sclerostin and molecular interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) are also reviewed. Second-generation immunoassays for intact/biointact sclerostin have recently been developed, which might overcome some of the reported methodological obstacles. Sclerostin assay standardization would be a long-term objective to overcome some of the problems with assay discrepancies. Besides the use of age- and sex-specific reference intervals for sclerostin, it is also pivotal to use assay-specific reference intervals since available immunoassays vary widely in their methodological characteristics.
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