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Chen Y, Wang E, Sites BD, Cohen SP. Integrating mechanistic-based and classification-based concepts into perioperative pain management: an educational guide for acute pain physicians. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:581-601. [PMID: 36707224 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain begins with acute pain. Physicians tend to classify pain by duration (acute vs chronic) and mechanism (nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic). Although this taxonomy may facilitate diagnosis and documentation, such categories are to some degree arbitrary constructs, with significant overlap in terms of mechanisms and treatments. In clinical practice, there are myriad different definitions for chronic pain and a substantial portion of chronic pain involves mixed phenotypes. Classification of pain based on acuity and mechanisms informs management at all levels and constitutes a critical part of guidelines and treatment for chronic pain care. Yet specialty care is often siloed, with advances in understanding lagging years behind in some areas in which these developments should be at the forefront of clinical practice. For example, in perioperative pain management, enhanced recovery protocols are not standardized and tend to drive treatment without consideration of mechanisms, which in many cases may be incongruent with personalized medicine and mechanism-based treatment. In this educational document, we discuss mechanisms and classification of pain as it pertains to commonly performed surgical procedures. Our goal is to provide a clinical reference for the acute pain physician to facilitate pain management decision-making (both diagnosis and therapy) in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Chen
- Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian D Sites
- Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Steven P Cohen
- Anesthesiology, Neurology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mieszczanski P, Gorniewski G, Janiak M, Trzebicki J. The effect of pre-emptive oral pregabalin on opioid consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with an analysis of intraoperative hemodynamic stability and quality of recovery: study protocol for a randomized, prospective, double-blind study. Trials 2024; 25:367. [PMID: 38849875 PMCID: PMC11157713 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are particularly at risk of opioid-related side effects. To reduce patient exposure to opioids, multimodal analgesia, which involves the use of drugs of different classes, may be utilized. One of the drugs under consideration is pregabalin. Despite an opioid-sparing potential, few studies assess the role of pregabalin as an element of multimodal analgesia in LSG. Considering the limited number and inconsistent results of available studies, we decided to conduct a randomized, prospective study on the effect of preemptive pregabalin administration in obese patients on opioid consumption, pain scores, the incidence of opioid side effects, and hemodynamical stability. METHODS The study is designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial with double-blinding. Randomization will be performed in a block with a parallel 1:1 allocation. The intervention will involve receiving a pregabalin 150 mg capsule 1-2 h before the surgery, whereas the control group will receive an identically looking placebo. The primary outcome measure will be total oxycodone consumption in the first 24 h following surgery. Secondary outcome measures will be pain severity assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, postoperative sedation on the Ramsay scale, PONV impact scale, the incidence of desaturation episodes < 94%, and episodes of blurred vision at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), total fluid volume, and total ephedrine dose. Patient comfort will be additionally assessed using the QoR-40 questionnaire at discharge. DISCUSSION The study will explore the efficacy and safety of preemptive pregabalin in a dose of 150 mg as a co-analgesic used in multimodal analgesia for LSG. As studies on opioid-sparing regimes concern the safety of obese patients, we aim to contribute objective data with a relatively large study sample size. The result of the present clinical trial may support the reassessment of recommendations to use pregabalin in the studied population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05804591. Registered on 07.04.2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mieszczanski
- 1St Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Gorniewski
- 1St Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
| | - Marek Janiak
- 1St Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
| | - Janusz Trzebicki
- 1St Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
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Kulturoglu G, Altinsoy S, Ergil J, Ozkan D, Ozguner Y. Investigation of the analgesic effects of rhomboid intercostal and pectoral nerve blocks in breast surgery. J Anesth 2024:10.1007/s00540-024-03351-3. [PMID: 38777932 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-024-03351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the opioid consumption of patients who receive a rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) or a pectoral nerve (PECS) block after unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery is less than that of patients who receive local anesthetic infiltration. METHODS Eighty-one female patients aged 18-70 years who underwent unilateral MRM surgery with general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three groups. The first group received an RIB with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine on completion of the surgery, and the second received a PECS block with the same volume and concentration of local anesthetic. In the third (control) group, local infiltration was applied to the wound site with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of the surgery. The patients' total tramadol consumption, quality of recovery (QoR), postoperative pain scores, and sleep quality were evaluated in the first 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS Both the RIB (58.3 ± 22.8 mg) and PECS (68.3 ± 21.2 mg) groups had significantly lower tramadol consumption compared to the control group (92.5 ± 25.6 mg) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Higher QoR scores were observed in the RIB and PECS groups than the control group at 6 h post-surgery. The lowest pain values were observed in the RIB group. The sleep quality of the patients in the RIB and PECS groups was better than that of the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Compared to local anesthetic infiltration, the RIB and PECS blocks applied as part of multimodal analgesia in MRM surgery reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h and improved the quality of recovery in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Kulturoglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Savas Altinsoy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julide Ergil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Ozkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozguner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Çelik HK, Tulgar S, Bük ÖF, Koç K, Ünal M, Genç C, Süren M. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block and erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2024; 77:255-264. [PMID: 38185619 PMCID: PMC10982532 DOI: 10.4097/kja.23404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) surgery is a common surgical procedure, and ultrasound guided interfascial plane blocks can also be included in current approaches to postoperative multimodal analgesia regimens. This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) in patients undergoing OIHR. METHODS This prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded comparative study was conducted in the postoperative recovery room and ward of a tertiary hospital. A total of 80 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III were enrolled and allocated equally to either the ESPB or TFPB group. The patients received standard multimodal analgesia in addition to an ultrasound-guided ESPB or TFPB. During the first 24 h postoperatively, tramadol consumption was assessed and pain levels at rest and during movement were compared using numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS The results showed no difference in NRS scores at any time point between the groups, except for NRS at rest in the third hour. However, tramadol consumption was lower in the TFPB group than in the ESPB group overall (88 ± 75.2 vs. 131 ± 93.7 mg, respectively; P = 0.027, mean difference: -43, 95% CI [-80.82, -5.18]). CONCLUSIONS The TFPB leads to lower tramadol requirements in the first 24 h postoperatively than the ESPB in patients undergoing OIHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Kefeli Çelik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tulgar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Bük
- Department of General Surgery, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kadem Koç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Ünal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Caner Genç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Süren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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Lirk P, Badaoui J, Stuempflen M, Hedayat M, Freys SM, Joshi GP. PROcedure-SPECific postoperative pain management guideline for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A systematic review with recommendations for postoperative pain management. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:161-173. [PMID: 38298101 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in women and third most common in men. Laparoscopic resection has become the standard surgical technique worldwide given its notable benefits, mainly the shorter length of stay and less postoperative pain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature on postoperative pain management following laparoscopic colorectal surgery and update previous procedure-specific pain management recommendations. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain scores and opioid requirements. We also considered study quality, clinical relevance of trial design, and a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment of the analgesic intervention. We performed a literature search to identify randomised controlled studies (RCTs) published before January 2022. Seventy-two studies were included in the present analysis. Through the established PROSPECT process, we recommend basic analgesia (paracetamol for rectal surgery, and paracetamol with either a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitor for colonic surgery) and wound infiltration as first-line interventions. No consensus could be achieved either for the use of intrathecal morphine or intravenous lidocaine; no recommendation can be made for these interventions. However, intravenous lidocaine may be considered when basic analgesia cannot be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lirk
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (PL, JB, MS), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (MH), Department of Surgery, DIAKO Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany (SMF) and Department of Anesthesiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA (GPJ)
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Freys JC, Bigalke SM, Mertes M, Lobo DN, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Freys SM. Perioperative pain management for appendicectomy: A systematic review and Procedure-specific Postoperative Pain Management recommendations. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:174-187. [PMID: 38214556 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a commonly performed surgical procedure, pain management for appendicectomy is often neglected because of insufficient evidence on the most effective treatment options. OBJECTIVE To provide evidence-based recommendations by assessing the available literature for optimal pain management after appendicectomy. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES This systematic review-based guideline was conducted according to the PROSPECT methodology. Relevant randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the English language from January 1999 to October 2022 were retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Databases using PRISMA search protocols. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included studies on adults and children. If articles reported combined data from different surgeries, they had to include specific information about appendicectomies. Studies needed to measure pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) or a numerical rating scale (NRS). Studies that did not report the precise appendicectomy technique were excluded. RESULTS Out of 1388 studies, 94 met the inclusion criteria. Based on evidence and consensus, the PROSPECT members agreed that basic analgesics [paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] should be administered perioperatively for open and laparoscopic appendicectomies. A laparoscopic approach is preferred because of lower pain scores. Additional recommendations for laparoscopic appendicectomies include a three-port laparoscopic approach and the instillation of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic. For open appendicectomy, a preoperative unilateral transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block is recommended. If not possible, preincisional infiltration with local anaesthetics is an alternative. Opioids should only be used as rescue analgesia. Limited evidence exists for TAP block in laparoscopic appendicectomy, analgesic adjuvants for TAP block, continuous wound infiltration after open appendicectomy and preoperative ketamine and dexamethasone. Recommendations apply to children and adults. CONCLUSION This review identified an optimal analgesic regimen for open and laparoscopic appendicectomy. Further randomised controlled trials should evaluate the use of regional analgesia and wound infiltrations with adequate baseline analgesia, especially during the recommended conventional three-port approach. REGISTRATION The protocol for this study was registered with the PROSPERO database (Registration No. CRD42023387994).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Freys
- From the Department of Surgery, Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus Hamburg (JCF), Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany (EMP-Z, MM), Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham (DNL), MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (DNL), Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Bochum (SMB) and Department of Surgery, DIAKO Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany (SMF)
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MacDonald I, Alvarado S, Marston MT, Gomez Tovar L, Chanez V, Favre E, Gu Y, Trombert A, Perez MH, Ramelet AS. A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations for the management of pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1264717. [PMID: 37868267 PMCID: PMC10587441 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1264717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This systematic review aimed to evaluate the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and recommendations for managing pain, sedation, delirium, and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care (PICU). The objectives included evaluating the quality of recommendations, synthesizing recommendations, harmonizing the strength of the recommendation (SoR) and the certainty of evidence (CoE), and assessing the relevance of supporting evidence. Methods A comprehensive search in four electronic databases (Medline, Embase.com, CINAHL and JBI EBP Database), 9 guideline repositories, and 13 professional societies was conducted to identify CPGs published from January 2010 to the end of May 2023 in any language. The quality of CPGs and recommendations was assessed using the AGREE II and AGREE-REX instruments. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize recommendations, and the GRADE SoR and CoE harmonization method was used to interpret the credibility of summary recommendations. Results A total of 18 CPGs and 170 recommendations were identified. Most CPGs were of medium-quality, and three were classified as high. A total of 30 summary recommendations were synthesized across each condition, focused on common management approaches. There was inconsistency in the SoRs and CoE for summary recommendations, those for assessment showed the highest consistency, the remaining were conditional, inconsistent, inconclusive, and lacked support from evidence. Conclusion This systematic review provides an overview of the quality of CPGs for these four conditions in the PICU. While three CPGs achieved high-quality ratings, the overall findings reveal gaps in the evidence base of recommendations, patient and family involvement, and resources for implementation. The findings highlight the need for more rigorous and evidence-based approaches in the development and reporting of CPGs to enhance their trustworthiness. Further research is necessary to enhance the quality of recommendations for this setting. The results of this review can provide a valuable foundation for future CPG development. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=274364, PROSPERO (CRD42021274364).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibo MacDonald
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Alvarado
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark T. Marston
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luz Gomez Tovar
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Vivianne Chanez
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Favre
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ying Gu
- Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexia Trombert
- Medical Library, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria-Helena Perez
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sylvie Ramelet
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mieszczański P, Górniewski G, Ziemiański P, Cylke R, Lisik W, Trzebicki J. Comparison between multimodal and intraoperative opioid free anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12677. [PMID: 37542100 PMCID: PMC10403571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and perioperative management remains a challenge. Several clinical studies indicate that opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) may be beneficial, but there is no consensus on the most optimal anesthesia technique in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the potential benefits and risks of intraoperative OFA compared to multimodal analgesia (MMA) with remifentanil infusion. In a prospective, randomized study, we analyzed 59 patients' data. Primary outcome measures were oxycodone consumption and reported pain scores (numerical rating scale, NRS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24th hours after surgery. Postoperative sedation on the Ramsay scale, nausea and vomiting on the PONV impact scale, desaturation episodes, pruritus, hemodynamic parameters, and hospital stay duration were also documented and compared. There were no significant differences in NRS scores or total 24-h oxycodone requirements. In the first postoperative hour, OFA group patients needed an average of 4.6 mg of oxycodone while the MMA group 7.72 mg (p = 0.008, p < 0.05 statistically significant). The PONV impact scale was significantly lower in the OFA group only in the first hour after the operation (p = 0.006). Patients in the OFA group required higher doses of ephedrine 23.67 versus 15.69 mg (p = 0.039) and more intravenous fluids 1160 versus 925.86 ml (p = 0.007). The mode of anesthesia did not affect the pain scores or the total dose of oxycodone in the first 24 postoperative hours. Only in the first postoperative hour were an opioid-sparing effect and reduction of PONV incidence seen in the OFA group when compared with remifentanil-based anesthesia. However, patients in the OFA group showed significantly greater hemodynamic lability necessitating higher vasopressor doses and more fluid volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mieszczański
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Górniewski
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Ziemiański
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Radosław Cylke
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janusz Trzebicki
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warszawa, Poland
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Xu Y, Ye M, Liu F, Hong Y, Kang Y, Li Y, Li H, Xiao X, Yu F, Zhou M, Zhou L, Jiang C. Efficacy of prolonged intravenous lidocaine infusion for postoperative movement-evoked pain following hepatectomy: a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00169-1. [PMID: 37202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analgesic effect of intravenous lidocaine varies with the duration of lidocaine infusion and surgery type. We tested the hypothesis that prolonged lidocaine infusion alleviates postoperative pain in patients recovering from hepatectomy over the first 3 postoperative days. METHODS Patients undergoing elective hepatectomy were randomly assigned to receive prolonged i.v. lidocaine treatment or placebo. The primary outcome was incidence of moderate-to-severe movement-evoked pain at 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included incidence of moderate-to-severe pain during movement and at rest throughout the first 3 postoperative days, postoperative opioid consumption, and pulmonary complications. Plasma lidocaine concentration was also monitored. RESULTS We enrolled 260 subjects. Intravenous lidocaine lowered the incidence of moderate-to-severe movement-evoked pain at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively (47.7% vs 67.7%, P=0.001; 38.5% vs 58.5%, P=0.001) and reduced movement-evoked pain scores (3.7 [1.7] vs 4.2 [1.6]; mean difference 0.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.1-0.9]; P=0.018) and morphine equivalent consumption (47.2 [16.7] mg vs 52.6 [19.2] mg; mean difference 5.4 mg [95% CI: 1.0-9.8]; P=0.016) at 24 h postoperatively. Lidocaine also lowered the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (23.1% vs 38.5%; P=0.007). Median plasma lidocaine concentrations were 1.5, 1.9, and 1.1 μg ml-1 (inter-quartile ranges: 1.1-2.1, 1.4-2.6, and 0.8-1.6, respectively) after bolus injection, at the end of the surgery, and 24 h postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged intravenous lidocaine infusion reduced the incidence of moderate-to-severe movement-evoked pain for 48 h after hepatectomy. However, the reduction in pain scores and opioid consumption by lidocaine was below the minimal clinically important difference. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04295330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Centre, Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chunling Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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van Samkar G, Ru Tan Y, Hermanns H, Preckel B, Jamaludin FS, Hollmann MW, Stevens MF. Comparison of Patient-Controlled versus Continuous Epidural Analgesia in Adult Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093164. [PMID: 37176605 PMCID: PMC10179281 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advantages of PCEA over CEA have been demonstrated in obstetric patients. Whether a similar benefit applies to surgical patients is unclear. METHODS Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched, enabling a systematic review of studies comparing PCEA and CEA in adult surgical patients (PROSPERO: CRD42018106644). The study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2). The primary outcome was pain scores on postoperative day one (POD1). Secondary outcomes were 24 or 48 h epidural or intravenous total analgesic dose, systemic analgesics, manual top-ups, side effects, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials with high heterogeneity of study characteristics were identified with a moderate risk of bias. Two studies showed significantly reduced resting pain scores on POD1 in PCEA compared with CEA patients (36-44%, p < 0.05). Four studies found comparable pain scores between these groups. PCEA use reduced epidural medication (28% to 40% reduction, p < 0.01) in four studies. One study found a 23% reduction (p < 0.001) of top-ups in PCEA; intravenous morphine use by PCEA patients was reduced (0.16 vs. 3.45 mg per patient, p < 0.05) in one study. PCEA patients were more satisfied with analgesia (p < 0.001) in two studies. Nausea and vomiting were reduced in PCEA (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Regarding the reduction in pain scores, the effects of PCEA were not significant or clinically not relevant. However, regarding the amount of epidural drug use, the amount of required rescue systemic analgesics, patient satisfaction, and the number of required top-ups, PCEA had advantages over CEA in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy van Samkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Ru Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Henning Hermanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faridi S Jamaludin
- Medical Library AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus F Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Puch Oernskov M, Gaspar Santos S, Sohail Asghar M, Wildgaard K. Is intravenous magnesium sulphate a suitable adjuvant in postoperative pain management? - A critical and systematic review of methodology in randomized controlled trials. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:251-267. [PMID: 36473053 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing worldwide focus on opioid-free anaesthesia entails multimodal analgesic strategies involving non-opioids such as magnesium sulphate (MgSO4). Several systematic reviews have concluded there is beneficial analgesic effect of MgSO4 administration but do not take considerable heterogeneity among the studies into consideration. Medical literature published until June 2021 was searched in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Central and Web of Science: The final search yielded a total of 5,672 articles. We included only randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on opioid consumption and acute postoperative pain when compared to either placebo or standardized analgesic treatment. The primary aim was to compare the homogeneity of essential variables and confounders. A post-hoc meta-analysis demonstrated a reduction in both postoperative morphine consumption (-6.12 mg) and pain score (-12.32 VAS points) in favour of the MgSO4-groups. Data for meta-analysis was missing from 19 studies (45%) on morphine consumption and 29 studies (69%) for pain score, the majority of which reports no effect for either morphine consumption or pain score. The calculated heterogeneity among the included studies was considerable for both outcomes; I 2=91% for morphine consumption and I 2=96% for pain score. Although we found a per se reduction in opioid consumption and pain score, methodological heterogeneity and clinical shortcomings of pre-, intra-, and post anaesthetic data precludes conclusions on clinical importance of intraoperative intravenous MgSO4. In addition, the reduction is likely less than what can be gained from using standardized analgesic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Puch Oernskov
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain and Respiratory Support, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kim Wildgaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Herlev Anaesthesia Critical and Emergency Care Science Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
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12
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Tejedor A, Bijelic L, Polanco M, Pujol E. Intravenous lidocaine infusion compared to thoracic epidural analgesia in cytoreductive surgery with or without heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. A retrospective case-cohort study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:597-603. [PMID: 36437212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous (IV) lidocaine is a proven analgesic therapy but has not been evaluated in extensive procedures such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of IV lidocaine in this setting. METHODS This is a retrospective hybrid case-cohort study investigating analgesic effectiveness and complications of perioperative IV lidocaine at 1.5 mg/kg/h for 48 h compared to thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) among patients undergoing CRS in a high-volume centre. RESULTS Sixty patients were included, 20 received IV lidocaine and 40 underwent TEA. Pain scores were low (median ≤2) and similar in both groups (p = 0.88). At 72 h, the lidocaine group had a lower median pain score (p = 0.03). Overall opioid consumption in the first 48 h was lower in the lidocaine compared to the TEA group (median 0 (IQR 0-9.5) mg vs. 45.4 (0-62.4) MME respectively, p = 0.001). Opioid consumption was also lower in the lidocaine compared to the TEA group during the whole 5-day period (median 1 (IQR 1-13.5) mg vs. 112 (36.6-137.85) MME respectively, p = 0.000). The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the lidocaine group (27.5% vs 5%, p = 0.047) with no difference in other complications or length of in-hospital stay. CONCLUSION Intravenous lidocaine infusion may be a safe and effective analgesic approach in CRS and is associated with a significant reduction of opioid use and PONV compared to opioid-containing TEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tejedor
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, 08970, Spain.
| | - Lana Bijelic
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, 08970, Spain.
| | - Mauricio Polanco
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, 08970, Spain.
| | - Elisenda Pujol
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, 08970, Spain.
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13
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Kim SH, Kim S, Kim YS, Song MK, Kang JY. Application of sequential multimodal analgesia before and after impacted mandibular third molar extraction: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 32:101078. [PMID: 36762120 PMCID: PMC9905937 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several analgesics have been applied under various protocols to control the moderate-to-severe postoperative pain caused by the surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar. However, a consensus on optimal pain management while minimizing side effects is yet to be reached. Methods This multi-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential multimodal analgesia combined with postoperative zaltoprofen along with multiple preemptive analgesics. A total of 80 participants with bilateral impacted mandibular third molar from two hospitals were randomized into two groups. Two surgical extractions were performed at one-month intervals, and in a crossover design, celecoxib or tramadol/acetaminophen was administered before one extraction and placebo before the other extraction. Following extraction, all subjects took zaltoprofen for 5 days. The outcome measures included pain at specific times, time and intensity of the first pain onset after extraction, need of rescue drugs, and occurrence and frequency of side effects. Conclusions This ongoing clinical trial was designed to provide evidence regarding a new protocol for effective postoperative pain management of a commonly performed surgical extraction. The results of this study will provide guidance to clinicians regarding the timing and combination of oral analgesics in various oral surgeries performed under local anesthesia. Trial registration KCT0005450, registered on October 7, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 407, Dodam-dong, Sejong-si, 30099, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seon Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 407, Dodam-dong, Sejong-si, 30099, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Song
- Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Dentistry, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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14
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Lee H, Kim H, Kim KW, Cho JH, Song MY, Chung WS. Effectiveness and safety of Korean medicine for pain management after musculoskeletal surgery: a retrospective study. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Davey MG, Joyce WP. Reducing Opioid Consumption Levels Post-Operatively following Gastrointestinal Surgery – A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. SURGERY IN PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Procedure-Related Access Site Pain Multimodal Management following Percutaneous Cardiac Intervention: A Randomized Control Trial. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:6102793. [PMID: 35111274 PMCID: PMC8803434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methods 137 patients who underwent PCI procedure via radial artery were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to the control (CG, n = 68) and intervention (IG, n = 65) groups. IG received MPM (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and the arm physiotherapy), CG received pain medication “as needed.” Outcomes were assessed immediately after, 2, 12, 24, and 48 h, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after PCI. The primary outcome was A-S pain prevalence and pain intensity numeric rating scale (NRS) 0–10. Results Results showed that A-S pain prevalence during the 3-month follow-up period was decreasing. Statistically significant difference between the groups (CG versus IG) was after 24 h (41.2% versus 18.5, p=0.005), 48 h (30.9% versus 1.5%, p ≤ 0.001), 1 week (25% versus 10.8%, p=0.042), 1 month (23.5% versus 7.7%, p=0.017) after the procedure. The mean of the highest pain intensity was after 2 h (IG-2.17 ± 2.07; CG-3.53 ± 2.69) and the lowest 3 months (IG-0.02 ± 0.12; CG-0.09 ± 0.45) after the procedure. A-S pain intensity mean scores were statistically significantly higher in CG during the follow-up period (Wilks' λ = 0.84 F (7,125) = 3.37, p=0.002). Conclusion In conclusion, MPM approach can reduce A-S pain prevalence and pain intensity after PCI. More randomized control studies are needed.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ambulatory surgery is increasing, more procedures as well as more complex procedures are transferred to ambulatory surgery. Patients of all ages including elderly and more fragile are nowadays scheduled for ambulatory surgery. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are now developed for further facilitating readily recovery, ambulation, and discharge. Thus, to secure safety, a vigilant planning and preparedness for adverse events and emergencies is mandatory. RECENT FINDINGS Proper preoperative assessment, preparation/optimization and collaboration between anaesthetist and surgeon to plan for the optimal perioperative handling has become basic to facilitate well tolerated perioperative course. Standard operating procedures for rare emergencies must be in place. These SOPs should be trained and retrained on a regular basis to secure safety. Check lists and cognitive aids are tools to help improving safety. Audit and analysis of adverse outcomes and deviations is likewise of importance to continuously analyse and implement corrective activity plans whenever needed. SUMMARY The present review will provide an oversight of aspects that needs to be acknowledged around planning handling of rare but serious emergencies to secure quality and safety of care in freestanding ambulatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Karlsson
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyds University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Feray S, Lubach J, Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Van de Velde M. PROSPECT guidelines for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2021; 77:311-325. [PMID: 34739134 PMCID: PMC9297998 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become increasingly popular due to faster recovery times and reduced postoperative pain compared with thoracotomy. However, analgesic regimens for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery vary significantly. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. A systematic review was undertaken using procedure‐specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials published in the English language, between January 2010 and January 2021 assessing the effect of analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. We retrieved 1070 studies of which 69 randomised controlled trials and two reviews met inclusion criteria. We recommend the administration of basic analgesia including paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐specific inhibitors pre‐operatively or intra‐operatively and continued postoperatively. Intra‐operative intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion may be used, specifically when basic analgesia and regional analgesic techniques could not be given. In addition, a paravertebral block or erector spinae plane block is recommended as a first‐choice option. A serratus anterior plane block could also be administered as a second‐choice option. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Feray
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Peri-operative Medicine, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - J Lubach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - F Bonnet
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Peri-operative Medicine, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - M Van de Velde
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Institutional Opioid Prescription Guidelines are Effective in Reducing Post-Operative Prescriptions Following Urologic Surgery: Results From the American Urologic Association 2018 Census. Urology 2021; 158:5-10. [PMID: 34496262 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess provider and practice characteristics that drive opioid prescription behavior using the American Urological Association census data. METHODS Stratified weighted analysis using 1,157 census samples was performed to represent 12,660 urologists who practiced in the United States in 2018. We compared urologists according to their opioid prescription patterns to evaluate factors and motivations behind opioid use in the post-operative setting. RESULTS Overall, 11,205 (88.5%) urologists prescribe opioids in the post-operative setting. The presence of procedure-specific institutional prescribing guidelines was associated with a greater tendency to prescribe ≤10 pills, and lesser tendency to prescribe 11 to 49 and ≥50 tablets following open abdominal (P = .003), laparoscopic (P < .001), scrotal (P < .001), and endoscopic surgeries (P < .001). The presence of institutional prescribing guidelines was associated with decreasing opioid prescriptions over a three-year period whereas not having guidelines was associated with an unchanged prescription practice over time. Basing current prescriptions on what was given to prior patients was reported by 85% and was more likely to result in an unchanged amount of prescriptions over time (29.2% vs 13.3%, P = .007). Motivations to avoid patient phone calls were reported by 23.8% and were more likely to increase the opioids provided within the next 3 years (3.2% vs 0.1%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Practitioners who endorsed using institutional guidelines prescribed fewer opioids following all types of surgery and were more likely to decrease their prescription behavior over time. This data supports continued efforts to provide urologists with more evidence-based guidance on best practice opioid prescribing in the future.
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20
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Rasmussen AM, Toft MH, Awada HN, Dirks J, Brandsborg B, Rasmussen LK, Kirkegaard E, Hasfeldt-Hansen D, Larsen TE, Charalampidis G, Mørk ELS, Rosager CL, Salam IA, Rasmussen BS, Jørgensen M, Skjønnemand M, Lund CA, Schroder S, Sørensen JK, Sølling C, Hansen KK, Rasmussen CK, Steen NP, Nielsen AS, Geisler A, Køppen KS, Pælestik MB, Grøfte T, Meyhoff CS, Kroh CL, Christensen AP, Haugstvedt AF, Hansen MA, Nielsen CV, Dybdal B, Falcon L, Hägi-Pedersen D, Jauho K, Wolsted H, Pedersen CAK, Sommer TN, Kromberg LS, Kristensen DL, Svensson CK, Nielsen HF, Sørensen MK, Jacobsen S, Sundskard M, Brahe N, Jakobsen K, Jensen MS, Odder L, Selter H, Mohr TH, Jensen EH, Jensen PP, Skjold C, Aasvang EK. Waking Up in Pain: a prospective unselected cohort study of pain in 3702 patients immediately after surgery in the Danish Realm. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46:948-953. [PMID: 34408068 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and persistent pain after surgery is well described. However, no large-scale studies on immediate postoperative pain in the operating room (OR) exist, hindering potential areas of research to improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to describe the occurrence and severity of immediate postoperative pain in a large, unselected cohort. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study, encompassing all procedures in 31 public hospitals in the Danish Realm, during a 5-day period including the weekend. Data on procedures and anesthesia were collected and the main outcome was occurrence of moderate or severe pain in the OR. Secondary outcomes included pain, sedation and nausea in the OR or during the first 15 min in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) including relevant risk factors. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were used. RESULTS A total of 3675 procedures were included for analysis (87% inclusion rate). Moderate or severe pain occurred in 7.4% (95% CI 6.5% to 8.3%) of cases in the OR immediately after awakening, rising to 20.2% in the OR and/or PACU. Large intraprocedure and interprocedure variations occurred (0.0%-37.5%), and in 20% of cases with epidural-general anesthesia patients experienced moderate or severe pain. Independent risk factors were female sex, younger age, preoperative pain, daily opioid use and major surgical procedures. CONCLUSION Moderate or severe pain in the immediate postoperative phase occurred in 20% of all cases with procedure and anesthesiological technique variations, suggesting a need for identification of relevant procedure-specific risk factors and development of preventive treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RoPR ID 43191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Mølgaard Rasmussen
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Mette Helene Toft
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hussein Nasser Awada
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Dirks
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, København, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brandsborg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Kirkegaard Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen Kirkegaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Hasfeldt-Hansen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Egemose Larsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Georgios Charalampidis
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Idress Ahmad Salam
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Steen Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Jørgensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Skjønnemand
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Caterina Amanti Lund
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Save Schroder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Esbjerg Central Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Sølling
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kraft Hansen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | | | - Nick Phaff Steen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anne Staal Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anja Geisler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Kasper Storm Køppen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Maria Bolther Pælestik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Grøfte
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.,Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Region Midtjylland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Aagaard Hansen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Herning Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Bitten Dybdal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, København, Denmark
| | - Lars Falcon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Juliane Marie Centre, København, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hägi-Pedersen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kristian Jauho
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolsted
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Nyboe Sommer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, South Jutland Hospital Aabenraa Campus, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | | | - Danja Lykke Kristensen
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Kara Svensson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Nykobing Falster Hospital, Nykobing, Denmark
| | - Hans Fjeldsøe Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Nykobing Falster Hospital, Nykobing, Denmark
| | - Martin Kryspin Sørensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Neuroscience Centre, København, Denmark
| | - Stig Jacobsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Centre for Cardiac Vascular Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, København, Denmark
| | - Martin Sundskard
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nicole Brahe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Karina Jakobsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Mette Skov Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Lillian Odder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aalborg University Hospital Thisted, Thisted, Denmark
| | - Hansjörg Selter
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aalborg University Hospital Thisted, Thisted, Denmark
| | - Tróndur Høgnason Mohr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landssjúkrahúsid Dronning Alexandrines Hospital, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Elin H Jensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landssjúkrahúsid Dronning Alexandrines Hospital, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Christine Skjold
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Eske Kvanner Aasvang
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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PROSPECT guidelines update for evidence-based pain management after prostatectomy for cancer. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100922. [PMID: 34197976 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to update the recommendations for optimal pain management after open and laparoscopic or robotic prostatectomy. Optimal pain management is known to influence postoperative recovery, but patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy typically experience moderate dynamic pain in the immediate postoperative day. Robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery may be associated with decreased pain levels as opposed to open surgery. We performed a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) with PROcedure SPECific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English language, from January 2015 until March 2020, assessing postoperative pain, using analgesic, anaesthetic and surgical interventions, were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases. Of the 1797 studies identified, 35 RCTs and 3 meta-analyses met our inclusion criteria. NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors proved to lower postoperative pain scores. Continuous intravenous lidocaine reduced postoperative pain scores during open surgery. Local wound infiltration showed positive results in open surgery. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was performed at the end of surgery and lowered pain scores in robot-assisted procedures, but results were conflicting for open procedures. Basic analgesia for prostatic surgery should include paracetamol and NSAIDs or COX-2 selective inhibitors. TAP block should be recommended as the first-choice regional analgesic technique for laparoscopic/robotic radical prostatectomy. Intravenous lidocaine should be considered for open surgeries.
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A Narrative Review on Perioperative Pain Management Strategies in Enhanced Recovery Pathways-The Past, Present and Future. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122568. [PMID: 34200695 PMCID: PMC8229260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective pain management is a key component in the continuum of perioperative care to ensure optimal outcomes for surgical patients. The overutilization of opioids in the past few decades for postoperative pain control has been a major contributor to the current opioid epidemic. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been repeatedly shown to significantly improve postoperative outcomes such as pain, function and satisfaction. The current review aims to examine the history of perioperative MMA strategies in ERAS and provide an update with recent evidence. Furthermore, this review details recent advancements in personalized pain medicine. We speculate that the next important step for improving perioperative pain management could be through incorporating these personalized metrics, such as clinical pharmacogenomic testing and patient-reported outcome measurements, into ERAS program.
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Schug SA. Do NSAIDs Really Interfere with Healing after Surgery? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112359. [PMID: 34072128 PMCID: PMC8198282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative analgesia should be multimodal to improve pain relief, reduce opioid use and thereby adverse effects impairing recovery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important non-opioid component of this approach. However, besides potential other adverse effects, there has been a longstanding discussion on the potentially harmful effects of NSAIDs on healing after surgery and trauma. This review describes current knowledge of the effects of NSAIDs on healing of bones, cartilage, soft tissue, wounds, flaps and enteral anastomoses. Overall, animal data suggest some potentially harmful effects, but are contradictory in most areas studied. Human data are limited and of poor quality; in particular, there are only very few good randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but many cohort studies with potential for significant confounding factors influencing the results. The limited human data available are not precluding the use of NSAIDs postoperatively, in particular, short-term for less than 2 weeks. However, well-designed and large RCTs are required to permit definitive answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Schug
- Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, 6000 Perth, Australia
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Anger M, Valovska T, Beloeil H, Lirk P, Joshi GP, Van de Velde M, Raeder J. PROSPECT guideline for total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:1082-1097. [PMID: 34015859 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to develop recommendations for the management of postoperative pain after primary elective total hip arthroplasty, updating the previous procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) guidelines published in 2005 and updated in July 2010. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses published between July 2010 and December 2019 assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic, surgical or other interventions were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Five hundred and twenty studies were initially identified, of which 108 randomised trials and 21 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Peri-operative interventions that improved postoperative pain include: paracetamol; cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and intravenous dexamethasone. In addition, peripheral nerve blocks (femoral nerve block; lumbar plexus block; fascia iliaca block), single-shot local infiltration analgesia, intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia also improved pain. Limited or inconsistent evidence was found for all other approaches evaluated. Surgical and anaesthetic techniques appear to have a minor impact on postoperative pain, and thus their choice should be based on criteria other than pain. In summary, the analgesic regimen for total hip arthroplasty should include pre-operative or intra-operative paracetamol and cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, continued postoperatively with opioids used as rescue analgesics. In addition, intra-operative intravenous dexamethasone 8-10 mg is recommended. Regional analgesic techniques such as fascia iliaca block or local infiltration analgesia are recommended, especially if there are contra-indications to basic analgesics and/or in patients with high expected postoperative pain. Epidural analgesia, femoral nerve block, lumbar plexus block and gabapentinoid administration are not recommended as the adverse effects outweigh the benefits. Although intrathecal morphine 0.1 mg can be used, the PROSPECT group emphasises the risks and side-effects associated with its use and provides evidence that adequate analgesia may be achieved with basic analgesics and regional techniques without intrathecal morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anger
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation et Médecine Péri-opératoire, CHU Rennes, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - T Valovska
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation et Médecine Péri-opératoire, CHU Rennes, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - H Beloeil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - P Lirk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Van de Velde
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anaesthesiology, UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Raeder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Burns S, Urman R, Pian R, Coppes OJM. Reducing New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery: A Review of Interventions. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:27. [PMID: 33760983 PMCID: PMC7990836 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize interventions used in the perioperative period to reduce the development of new persistent postoperative opioid use in opioid-naïve patients. RECENT FINDINGS The development of new persistent opioid use after surgery has recently been identified as a common postoperative complication. The existing literature suggests that interventions across the continuum of care have been shown to decrease the incidence of new persistent postoperative opioid use. Specific preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions will be reviewed, as well as the use of clinical pathways and protocols that span throughout the perioperative period. Common to many of these interventions include the use of multimodal analgesia throughout the perioperative period and an emphasis on a patient-centered, evidence-based approach to the perioperative pain management plan. While the incidence of new persistent postoperative opioid use appears to be high, the literature suggests that there are both small- and large-scale interventions that can be used to reduce this. Technological advances including prescription monitoring systems and mobile applications have enabled studies to monitor opioid consumption after discharge. Interventions that occur preoperatively, such as patient education and expectation setting regarding postoperative pain management, and interventions that occur postoperatively, such as the implementation of procedure-specific, evidence-based prescribing guidelines and protocols, have been shown to reduce post-discharge opioid consumption. The use of multimodal analgesia and opioid-sparing adjuncts throughout the perioperative period is central to many of these interventions and has essentially become standard of care for management of perioperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Burns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Richard Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Perioperative Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Pian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Malige A, Bram JT, Maguire KJ, McNeely LW, Ganley TJ, Williams BA. Decreased Prescribing of Postoperative Opioids in Pediatric ACL Reconstruction: Treatment Trends at a Single Center. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120979993. [PMID: 33614809 PMCID: PMC7869168 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120979993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is common in the pediatric population. Pain control after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) presents a unique challenge due to age and early rehabilitation needs. Pain management practices are believed to have evolved in recent years to limit unnecessary exposure to risks associated with opioid use in this vulnerable population. PURPOSE To describe trends in postoperative opioid prescribing and assess factors including obtaining consent for opioid prescribing for minors that may have mitigated excessive prescription of opioids. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing primary ACLR within an urban academic hospital system over a 5-year period (2014-2018). The study period included the gradual introduction of preoperative consenting for opioid use in minors as mandated by state law in 2016. Patient characteristics, surgical details, presence of a signed consent form to prescribe opioid medications, prescribed postoperative medications, prescriber, and indicators of inadequate pain control were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with reduced postoperative opioid prescribing. RESULTS This study included 687 patients with a mean age of 15.1 ± 1.9 years, with less than one-third of patients having preoperative consent forms to prescribe opioid medications. Postoperative prescribing trends demonstrated a decline in the number of opioid doses provided and increased utilization of nonopioid medications. Patients who received preoperative opioid counseling and signed a consent form were prescribed fewer opioids and had a smaller number of unscheduled contacts for poorly controlled pain. Univariate analyses identified multiple predictors of the number of opioid doses prescribed postoperatively. Obtaining preoperative consent to prescribe opioids and ambulatory surgery center location were found to be independent predictors of prescribed doses in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The quantity of opioid medication prescribed for pain management after pediatric ACLR at our institution has declined in recent years. This appears to be, in part, related to state-mandated preoperative counseling about opioid use, signing of a consent form by the parent(s) or guardian(s) to prescribe opioids to minors, and encouragement toward the use of nonopioid medications when possible. Preoperative opioid use discussions in the pediatric population may be useful in reducing opioid overprescription and utilization in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Malige
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke’s University Health
Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua T. Bram
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Maguire
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lia W. McNeely
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore J. Ganley
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan A. Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chan DKH, Goh RW, Keh CHL. Continuous wound infusion with ropivacaine alone provides adequate analgesia following laparotomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:413-418. [PMID: 33409581 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although continuous wound infusion (CWI) with local anaesthetic has been used as an adjunct for pain relief following laparotomy, its use as the main modality has not been studied. This approach negates side effects related to intravenous opioid administration, therefore promoting enhanced recovery from surgery. We conducted this study to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of CWI following laparotomy. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent laparotomy from June 2016 to December 2019 were analysed. All patients were given CWI with only oral supplementation. Pain was assessed based on the numeric rating scale (NRS). RESULTS One hundred and three patients were analysed. Mean age was 61.1 (standard deviation 16.7). 47.6% of patients were operated for intestinal obstruction. Large bowel resection was the most common operation performed (49.5%). 69.9% of patients underwent emergency surgery, whilst 51.5% of patients had surgery for cancer. On postoperative day 0, NRS was 3.2 (standard deviation (sd) 2.6) which decreased to 1.5 (sd 1.9) on day 3, and 1.1 (sd 1.8) on day 5. Mean time to flatus was 2.3 (sd 1.4) days, whilst mean time to first bowel movement was 3.1 (sd 1.7) days. Patients were able to commence ambulation by 2.5 (sd 1.8) days. Patients could tolerate a normal diet on day 3.9 (sd 3.3), and IV drip was removed on day 3.5 (sd 3.0). Mean length of stay was 9.1 (sd 6.9) days. Only two patients suffered from respiratory depression (1.9%) whilst five patients suffered from hypotension (4.9%). No patients had pruritus. 23.3% of patients had nausea or vomiting. Only one patient had a catheter-related complication which was easily addressed. CONCLUSION CWI provides adequate pain relief as the principle modality of analgesia after surgery, without opioid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedrick Kok Hong Chan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital, National University Health System, System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Rebecca Wenhui Goh
- Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Hang Liang Keh
- Department of General Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Roofthooft E, Joshi GP, Rawal N, Van de Velde M. PROSPECT guideline for elective caesarean section: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2020; 76:665-680. [PMID: 33370462 PMCID: PMC8048441 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caesarean section is associated with moderate‐to‐severe postoperative pain, which can influence postoperative recovery and patient satisfaction as well as breastfeeding success and mother‐child bonding. The aim of this systematic review was to update the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after elective caesarean section under neuraxial anaesthesia. A systematic review utilising procedure‐specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials published in the English language between 1 May 2014 and 22 October 2020 evaluating the effects of analgesic, anaesthetic and surgical interventions were retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Studies evaluating pain management for emergency or unplanned operative deliveries or caesarean section performed under general anaesthesia were excluded. A total of 145 studies met the inclusion criteria. For patients undergoing elective caesarean section performed under neuraxial anaesthesia, recommendations include intrathecal morphine 50–100 µg or diamorphine 300 µg administered pre‐operatively; paracetamol; non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; and intravenous dexamethasone administered after delivery. If intrathecal opioid was not administered, single‐injection local anaesthetic wound infiltration; continuous wound local anaesthetic infusion; and/or fascial plane blocks such as transversus abdominis plane or quadratus lumborum blocks are recommended. The postoperative regimen should include regular paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs with opioids used for rescue. The surgical technique should include a Joel‐Cohen incision; non‐closure of the peritoneum; and abdominal binders. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation could be used as analgesic adjunct. Some of the interventions, although effective, carry risks, and consequentially were omitted from the recommendations. Some interventions were not recommended due to insufficient, inconsistent or lack of evidence. Of note, these recommendations may not be applicable to unplanned deliveries or caesarean section performed under general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roofthooft
- Department of Anesthesiology, GZA Sint-Augustinus Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KULeuven and UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - N Rawal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - M Van de Velde
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KULeuven and UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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The effect of pre-operative high doses of methylprednisolone on pain management and convalescence after total hip replacement in elderly: a double-blind randomized study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:857-863. [PMID: 32940751 PMCID: PMC8052240 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to assess whether administration of a single dose of methylprednisolone in the group patients above 65 years of age will be effective in complex analgesic management after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Seventy-seven patients above 65 years old were double-blind randomized into two: the study and controls groups. Pre-operatively, the study group received as a single dose of 125 mg intravenous methylprednisolone, while the others saline solution as placebo. Peri-operatively, all the patients were administered opioid and nonopioid analgesic agents. We measured the levels of inflammatory markers (leukocytosis, C-reactive protein—CRP), pain intensity level (visual analog scale—VAS; numerical rating scale—NRS), the life parameters, and noted complications. Results Following administration of methylprednisolone were significantly lower levels of CRP on all the four post-operative days; leukocytosis on the second day; the VAS/NRS score at rest after six, 12, and 18 hours post-operatively, diminished the dose of parenteral opioid preparations (oxycodone hydrochloride), the duration of analgesia by peripheral nerve block was significantly higher as compared with the placebo group (p < 0.000001). No infectious complications were noted; there was one patient who developed post-operative delirium. Conclusion A single dose of methylprednisolone significantly reduces the level of post-operative pain at rest on the day of THA in the group patients above 65 years of age, decreases the dose of opioid analgesic agents, and significantly decreases the level of inflammatory markers, without infectious processes.
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Schug S, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Phillips LD, Essex MN, Xia F, Reader AJ, Pawinski R. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Develop an Efficacy-Safety Profile of Parenteral Analgesics Used in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1969-1977. [PMID: 32801852 PMCID: PMC7415456 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s255921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the optimal treatment in an acute postoperative setting remains a challenge. Multiple analgesic options are available, but comparing outcomes is limited by a lack of head-to-head trials. In addition, decisions based on efficacy only do not take drug safety into account. In such cases, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can be utilized to quantify and compare the efficacy and safety data of various drugs. Methodology The efficacy-safety profiles of eight parenteral, postoperative analgesics (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ketorolac, metamizole, morphine, nefopam, parecoxib, tramadol) widely used in Europe were evaluated using an MCDA model that included 17 criteria: three for efficacy and 14 for safety. Each drug was scored on each criterion on a scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), according to published data and the judgment of an expert panel. A weighting process was then applied to standardize the impact of each criterion and adjust drugs' preference scores accordingly, normalizing them on the 0-100 scale. Sensitivity analyses were also performed, including a model in which analgesic profiles were compared when opioid sparing effect was set at a zero value for all drugs. Results In the primary model, efficacy and safety had relative weightings of 64% and 36%, respectively. Efficacy and safety criteria with the highest values were pain relief (relative weight, 29%) and gastrointestinal effects (12%). Parecoxib received the highest overall score (93), followed by diclofenac (80), and ketorolac (75). Morphine scored the lowest (57), due to the lack of an opioid sparing effect. When opioid sparing was given a zero rating, parecoxib remained the highest scoring analgesic (93), followed by diclofenac (80), metamizole (76), and morphine (76). Parecoxib remained the most preferred analgesic in several other sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This MCDA-based assessment suggests that parecoxib has the most favorable efficacy-safety profile among the assessed postoperative analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schug
- Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lawrence D Phillips
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Gaitán-Duarte H. FROM EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES TO CLINICAL PROTOCOLS AND EVIDENCE SUMMARIES. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA 2020; 71:83-86. [PMID: 32770868 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Jacobs A, Lemoine A, Joshi GP, Van de Velde M, Bonnet F. PROSPECT guideline for oncological breast surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:664-673. [PMID: 31984479 PMCID: PMC7187257 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Analgesic protocols used to treat pain after breast surgery vary significantly. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature on this topic and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after oncological breast surgery. A systematic review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidance with procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. Seven hundred and forty-nine studies were found, of which 53 randomised controlled trials and nine meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Quantitative analysis suggests that dexamethasone and gabapentin reduced postoperative pain. The use of paravertebral blocks also reduced postoperative pain scores, analgesia consumption and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Intra-operative opioid requirements were documented to be lower when a pectoral nerves block was performed, which also reduced postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption. We recommend basic analgesics (i.e. paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) administered pre-operatively or intra-operatively and continued postoperatively. In addition, pre-operative gabapentin and dexamethasone are also recommended. In major breast surgery, a regional anaesthetic technique such as paravertebral block or pectoral nerves block and/or local anaesthetic wound infiltration may be considered for additional pain relief. Paravertebral block may be continued postoperatively using catheter techniques. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period. Research is needed to evaluate the role of novel regional analgesic techniques such as erector spinae plane or retrolaminar plane blocks combined with basic analgesics in an enhanced recovery setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jacobs
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesKULeuven and University Hospital LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - A. Lemoine
- Service d'Anesthésie – Réanimation et Médecine Péri‐opératoireHopital TenonAPHPParis, France/Médecine‐Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - G. P. Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - M. Van de Velde
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesKULeuven and University Hospital LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - F. Bonnet
- Service d'Anesthésie – Réanimation et Médecine Péri‐opératoireHopital TenonAPHPParis, France/Médecine‐Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
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Managing opioid consumption after caesarean delivery: a quality improvement initiative. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1069-1072. [PMID: 32048204 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure performed worldwide and pain management after caesarean delivery remains challenging. Finding a balance between sufficient postoperative pain relief and excess sedation secondary to opioids is often difficult in this patient population. This quality improvement project aimed to manage the amount of opioid consumption after caesarean delivery using a new postoperative analgesic regimen. METHODS The current practice was analysed in 52 patients before introducing the new regimen. Oxycodone consumption, pain scores and quality of recovery were recorded. Following this pre-implementation audit, a new postoperative analgesic protocol was introduced. All patients received standard doses of intrathecal morphine, paracetamol and diclofenac. Regular oxycodone sustained-release (SR) was replaced with oxycodone immediate-release (IR) as needed. These changes also coincided with education to improve midwifery assessment of pain and the delivery of analgesia. RESULTS The outcome measures were re-audited in 178 patients which showed that oxycodone consumption had reduced median (IQR) 30 mg (20-40) vs 10 mg (5-15) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the before and after groups at rest median (IQR) 2.0 (0-4.8) vs 2.0 (0.8-4.0) or at movement 5.0 (3.0-6.0) vs 5.0 (3.0-6.3) (p = 0.292, p = 0.482 respectively). The quality of recovery scores were also equivalent mean (SD) 78.6 (20.6) vs 77.8 (19.0) (p = 0.792). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that postoperative opioid consumption can be reduced with specific analgesic protocols and allow us to improve patient's quality of recovery.
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Swisher MW, Wallace AM, Sztain JF, Said ET, Khatibi B, Abanobi M, Finneran IV JJ, Gabriel RA, Abramson W, Blair SL, Hosseini A, Dobke MK, Donohue MC, Ilfeld BM. Erector spinae plane versus paravertebral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020; 45:260-266. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2019-101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundParavertebral nerve blocks (PVBs) are frequently used to treat pain during and following breast surgery, but have various undesirable risks such as pneumothorax. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) also provides perioperative breast analgesia, but is purported to be easier to administer with a favorable safety profile. However, it remains unknown if the new ESPB provides comparable analgesia as the decades-old PVB technique.MethodsSubjects undergoing unilateral or bilateral non-mastectomy breast surgery were randomized to a single-injection ESPB or PVB in a subject-blinded fashion (ropivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine; 20 mL unilateral or 16 mL/side for bilateral). We hypothesized that (1) analgesia would be non-inferior in the recovery room as measured on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) with ESPB, and (2) opioid consumption would be non-inferior in the operating and recovery rooms with ESPB.ResultsBoth pain scores and opioid consumption were higher in subjects with ESPBs (n=50) than PVBs (n=50; median NRS 3.0 vs 0; 95% CI −3.0 to 0; p=0.0011; and median morphine equivalents 2.0 vs 1.5 mg; 95% CI −1.2 to −0.1; p=0.0043). No block-related adverse events occurred in either group.ConclusionsPVBs provided superior analgesia and reduced opioid requirements following non-mastectomy breast surgery. To compare the relatively rare complications between the techniques will require a sample size 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than the current investigation; however, without a dramatic improvement in safety profile for ESPBs, it appears that PVBs are superior to ESPBs for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery.Trial registration numberNCT03549234.
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Small C, Laycock H. Acute postoperative pain management. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e70-e80. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAcute postoperative pain is common. Nearly 20 per cent of patients experience severe pain in the first 24 h after surgery, a figure that has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. This review aims to present key considerations for postoperative pain management.MethodsA narrative review of postoperative pain strategies was undertaken. Searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were performed using the terms postoperative care, psychological factor, pain management, acute pain service, analgesia, acute pain and pain assessment.ResultsInformation on service provision, preoperative planning, pain assessment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies relevant to acute postoperative pain management in adults is presented, with a focus on enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.ConclusionAdequate perioperative pain management is integral to patient care and outcomes. Each of the biological, psychological and social dimensions of the pain experience should be considered and understood in order to provide optimum pain management in the postoperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Small
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - H Laycock
- Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Dean HF, Carter F, Francis NK. Modern perioperative medicine - past, present, and future. Innov Surg Sci 2019; 4:123-131. [PMID: 33977121 PMCID: PMC8059350 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern perioperative medicine has dramatically altered the care for patients undergoing major surgery. Anaesthetic and surgical practice has been directed at mitigating the surgical stress response and reducing physiological insult. The development of standardised enhanced recovery programmes combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques has lead to reduction in length of stay, morbidity, costs, and improved outcomes. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society and its national chapters provide a means for sharing best practice in this field and developing evidence based guidelines. Research has highlighted persisting challenges with compliance as well as ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of ERAS. There is also a growing need for increasingly personalised care programmes as well as complex geriatric assessment of frailer patients. Continuous collection of outcome and process data combined with machine learning, offers a potentially powerful solution to delivering bespoke care pathways and optimising individual management. Long-term data from ERAS programmes remain scarce and further evaluation of functional recovery and quality of life is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry F. Dean
- Department of General Surgery, Yeovil District Hospital, Higher Kingston, Yeovil, UK
| | - Fiona Carter
- Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society (UK) c.i.c., Yeovil, UK
| | - Nader K. Francis
- Department of General Surgery, Yeovil District Hospital, Higher Kingston, Yeovil BA21 4AT, UK
- Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society (UK) c.i.c., Yeovil BA20 2RH, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK, Tel.: (01935) 384244
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Meissner W, Zaslansky R. A survey of postoperative pain treatments and unmet needs. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2019; 33:269-286. [PMID: 31785713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 300 million patients undergo surgery worldwide each year. Pain associated with these procedures is associated with short- and long-term negative sequelae for patients, healthcare providers, and healthcare systems. The following chapter is a review of the reality of postoperative pain management in everyday clinical routine based on survey- and registry-derived data with a focus on care in adults. Between 30% and up to 80% of patients report moderate to severe pain in the days after surgery. Structures, processes, and outcomes vary widely between hospitals and indicate gaps between evidence-based findings and practice. Pain assessment is not effectively implemented in many hospitals and should consider cultural differences. Few data exist on the situation of pain management in low- and middle-income countries, indicating lack of resources and available medication in many of these areas. Certain types of surgery as well as demographic and clinical factors are associated with increased risk of severe postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Meissner
- Dept of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ruth Zaslansky
- Dept of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
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Swisher MW, Millar MB, Gabriel RA, Said ET. Analgesic Rescue With Opioid-Only Thoracic Epidural After Surgical Infiltration of Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Case Report. A A Pract 2019; 13:292-294. [DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Groen JV, Khawar AAJ, Bauer PA, Bonsing BA, Martini CH, Mungroop TH, Vahrmeijer AL, Vuijk J, Dahan A, Mieog JSD. Meta-analysis of epidural analgesia in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. BJS Open 2019; 3:559-571. [PMID: 31592509 PMCID: PMC6773638 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal analgesic technique after pancreatoduodenectomy remains under debate. This study aimed to see whether epidural analgesia (EA) has superior clinical outcomes compared with non-epidural alternatives (N-EA) in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. On 28 August 2018, relevant literature databases were searched. Primary outcomes were pain scores. Secondary outcomes were treatment failure of initial analgesia, complications, duration of hospital stay and mortality. Results Three RCTs and eight cohort studies (25 089 patients) were included. N-EA treatments studied were: intravenous morphine, continuous wound infiltration, bilateral paravertebral thoracic catheters and intrathecal morphine. Patients receiving EA had a marginally lower pain score on days 0-3 after surgery than those receiving intravenous morphine (mean difference (MD) -0·50, 95 per cent c.i. -0·80 to -0·21; P < 0·001) and similar pain scores to patients who had continuous wound infiltration. Treatment failure occurred in 28·5 per cent of patients receiving EA, mainly for haemodynamic instability or inadequate pain control. EA was associated with fewer complications (odds ratio (OR) 0·69, 95 per cent c.i. 0·06 to 0·79; P < 0·001), shorter duration of hospital stay (MD -2·69 (95 per cent c.i. -2·76 to -2·62) days; P < 0·001) and lower mortality (OR 0·69, 0·51 to 0 93; P = 0·02) compared with intravenous morphine. Conclusion EA provides marginally lower pain scores in the first postoperative days than intravenous morphine, and appears to be associated with fewer complications, shorter duration of hospital stay and less mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Groen
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - A A J Khawar
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - P A Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - B A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - C H Martini
- Department of Anaesthesiology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - T H Mungroop
- Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - J Vuijk
- Department of Anaesthesiology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - A Dahan
- Department of Anaesthesiology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - J S D Mieog
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
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Thota RS, Ramkiran S, Garg R, Goswami J, Baxi V, Thomas M. Opioid free onco-anesthesia: Is it time to convict opioids? A systematic review of literature. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2019; 35:441-452. [PMID: 31920226 PMCID: PMC6939563 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_128_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of opioid crisis started getting recognised as a public health emergency in view of increasing opioid-related deaths occurring due to undetected respiratory depression. Prescribing opioids at discharge has become an independent risk factor for chronic opioid use, following which, prescription practices have undergone a radical change. A call to action has been voiced recently to end the opioid epidemic although with the pain practitioners still struggling to make opioids readily available. American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) has called for reducing patient exposure to opioids in the surgical setting. Opioid sparing strategies have emerged embracing loco-regional techniques and non-opioid based multimodal pain management whereas opioid free anesthesia is the combination of various opioid sparing strategies culminating in complete elimination of opioid usage. The movement away from opioid usage perioperatively is a massive but necessary shift in anesthesia which has rationalised perioperative opioid usage. Ideal way moving forward would be to adapt selective low opioid effective dosing which is both procedure and patient specific while reserving it as rescue analgesia, postoperatively. Many unknowns persist in the domain of immunologic effects of opioids, as complex interplay of factors gets associated during real time surgery towards outcome. At present it would be too premature to conclude upon opioid-induced immunosuppression from the existing evidence. Till evidence is established, there are no recommendations to change current clinical practice. At the same time, consideration for multimodal opioid sparing strategies should be initiated in each patient undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S. Thota
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Centre (Homi Bhabha National Institute), E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Raghu S. Thota, Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Centre (Homi Bhabha National Institute), E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Seshadri Ramkiran
- Department of Anaesthesiology Critical Care and Pain, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Aganampudi, Gajuwaka Mandalam, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Garg
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesiology and Palliative Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Goswami
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Tata Medical Centre, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vaibhavi Baxi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, A-791, Bandra Reclamation, Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mary Thomas
- Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Post Bag No. 2417, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Postoperative pain management in the era of ERAS: An overview. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2019; 33:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Interfascial plane blocks. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2019; 33:303-315. [PMID: 31785716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many novel interfascial plane blocks have been developed in the last 10 years in the effort to improve perioperative pain management that are safe, efficacious, efficient, and inexpensive. These blocks have been widely adopted into clinical practice despite relatively few high-quality clinical investigations of the techniques and how they affect perioperative outcomes. This article defines interfascial plane blocks, discusses the potential benefits, reviews the most common techniques and evidence supporting their indication, and guides clinicians in selecting an appropriate interfascial plane block for different types of surgical procedures.
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