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Formica M, Fusi V, Paderni D, Ambrosi G, Inclán M, Clares MP, Verdejo B, García-España E. A Metal-Based Receptor for Selective Coordination and Fluorescent Sensing of Chloride. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082352. [PMID: 33919489 PMCID: PMC8073790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A scorpionate Zn2+ complex, constituted by a macrocyclic pyridinophane core attached to a pendant arm containing a fluorescent pyridyl-oxadiazole-phenyl unit (PyPD), has been shown to selectively recognize chloride anions, giving rise to changes in fluorescence emission that are clearly visible under a 365 nm UV lamp. This recognition event has been studied by means of absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy, and it involves the intramolecular displacement of the PyPD unit by chloride anions. Moreover, since the chromophore is not removed from the system after the recognition event, the fluorescence can readily be restored by elimination of the bound chloride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Formica
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.F.); (D.P.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.I.); Tel.: +39-072-230-4883 (M.F.); +34-964-4377 (M.I.)
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.F.); (D.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniele Paderni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.F.); (D.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Gianluca Ambrosi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.F.); (D.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Mario Inclán
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (M.P.C.); (B.V.); (E.G.-E.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.I.); Tel.: +39-072-230-4883 (M.F.); +34-964-4377 (M.I.)
| | - Maria Paz Clares
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (M.P.C.); (B.V.); (E.G.-E.)
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (M.P.C.); (B.V.); (E.G.-E.)
| | - Enrique García-España
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (M.P.C.); (B.V.); (E.G.-E.)
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Wan Y, Liu C, Ma Q. Structural analysis of a Vibrio phospholipase reveals an unusual Ser-His-chloride catalytic triad. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11391-11401. [PMID: 31073025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases can disrupt host membranes and are important virulence factors in many pathogens. VvPlpA is a phospholipase A2 secreted by Vibrio vulnificus and essential for virulence. Its homologs, termed thermolabile hemolysins (TLHs), are widely distributed in Vibrio bacteria, but no structural information for this virulence factor class is available. Herein, we report the crystal structure of VvPlpA to 1.4-Å resolution, revealing that VvPlpA contains an N-terminal domain of unknown function and a C-terminal phospholipase domain and that these two domains are packed closely together. The phospholipase domain adopts a typical SGNH hydrolase fold, containing the four conserved catalytic residues Ser, Gly, Asn, and His. Interestingly, the structure also disclosed that the phospholipase domain accommodates a chloride ion near the catalytic His residue. The chloride is five-coordinated in a distorted bipyramid geometry, accepting hydrogen bonds from a water molecule and the amino groups of surrounding residues. This chloride substitutes for the most common Asp/Glu residue and forms an unusual Ser-His-chloride catalytic triad in VvPlpA. The chloride may orient the catalytic His and stabilize the charge on its imidazole ring during catalysis. Indeed, VvPlpA activity depended on chloride concentration, confirming the important role of chloride in catalysis. The VvPlpA structure also revealed a large hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket that is capable of accommodating a long-chain acyl group. Our results provide the first structure of the TLH family and uncover an unusual Ser-His-chloride catalytic triad, expanding our knowledge on the biological role of chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changshui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Fatima I, Waheed S, Zaidi JH. Essential and toxic elements in three Pakistan's medicinal fruits ( Punica granatumZiziphus jujubaand Piper cubeba) analysed by INAA. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:310-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.627842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Electrochemical microelectrodes for improved spatial and temporal characterization of aqueous environments around calcium phosphate cements. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:386-93. [PMID: 22019519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate compounds can potentially influence cellular fate through ionic substitutions. However, to be able to turn such solution-mediated processes into successful directors of cellular response, a perfect understanding of the material-induced chemical reactions in situ is required. We therefore report on the application of home-made electrochemical microelectrodes, tested as pH and chloride sensors, for precise spatial and temporal characterization of different aqueous environments around calcium phosphate-based biomaterials prepared from α-tricalcium phosphate using clinically relevant liquid to powder ratios. The small size of the electrodes allowed for online measurements in traditionally inaccessible in vitro environments, such as the immediate material-liquid interface and the interior of curing bone cement. The kinetic data obtained has been compared to theoretical sorption models, confirming that the proposed setup can provide key information for improved understanding of the biochemical environment imposed by chemically reactive biomaterials.
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Bianchet MA, Odom EW, Vasta GR, Amzel LM. Structure and specificity of a binary tandem domain F-lectin from striped bass (Morone saxatilis). J Mol Biol 2010; 401:239-52. [PMID: 20561530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The plasma of the striped bass Morone saxatilis contains a fucose-specific lectin (MsaFBP32) that consists of two F-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) in tandem. The crystal structure of the complex of MsaFBP32 with l-fucose reported here shows a cylindrical 81-A-long and 60-A-wide trimer divided into two globular halves: one containing N-terminal CRDs (N-CRDs) and the other containing C-terminal CRDs (C-CRDs). The resulting binding surfaces at the opposite ends of the cylindrical trimer have the potential to cross-link cell surface or humoral carbohydrate ligands. The N-CRDs and C-CRDs of MsaFBP32 exhibit significant structural differences, suggesting that they recognize different glycans. Analysis of the carbohydrate binding sites provides the structural basis for the observed specificity of MsaFBP32 for simple carbohydrates and suggests that the N-CRD recognizes more complex fucosylated oligosaccharides and with a relatively higher avidity than the C-CRD. Modeling of MsaFBP32 complexed with fucosylated glycans that are widely distributed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes rationalizes the observation that binary tandem CRD F-type lectins function as opsonins by cross-linking "non-self" carbohydrate ligands and "self" carbohydrate ligands, such as sugar structures displayed by microbial pathogens and glycans on the surface of phagocytic cells from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Duran C, Thompson CH, Xiao Q, Hartzell HC. Chloride channels: often enigmatic, rarely predictable. Annu Rev Physiol 2010; 72:95-121. [PMID: 19827947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, anion (Cl(-)) channels have received considerably less attention than cation channels. One reason for this may be that many Cl(-) channels perform functions that might be considered cell-biological, like fluid secretion and cell volume regulation, whereas cation channels have historically been associated with cellular excitability, which typically happens more rapidly. In this review, we discuss the recent explosion of interest in Cl(-) channels, with special emphasis on new and often surprising developments over the past five years. This is exemplified by the findings that more than half of the ClC family members are antiporters, and not channels, as was previously thought, and that bestrophins, previously prime candidates for Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, have been supplanted by the newly discovered anoctamins and now hold a tenuous position in the Cl(-) channel world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lo Nostro P, Peruzzi N, Severi M, Ninham BW, Baglioni P. Asymmetric Partitioning of Anions in Lysozyme Dispersions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6571-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101603n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 0200
| | - Niccolò Peruzzi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 0200
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 0200
| | - Barry W. Ninham
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 0200
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 0200
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Zahran EM, Hua Y, Li Y, Flood AH, Bachas LG. Triazolophanes: a new class of halide-selective ionophores for potentiometric sensors. Anal Chem 2010; 82:368-75. [PMID: 19994863 DOI: 10.1021/ac902132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triazolophanes, cyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole units, are a new class of host molecules that demonstrate strong interactions with halides. These molecules are designed with a preorganized cavity that interacts through hydrogen bonding with spherical anions, such as chloride and bromide. We have explored the use of one such triazolophane as a halide-selective ionophore in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes. Different membrane compositions were evaluated to identify concentrations of the ionophore, plasticizer, and lipophilic additive that give rise to the best chloride and bromide selectivity. The lipophilicity of the plasticizer was found to have a great impact on the electrode response. Additionally, the concentration of the lipophilic additive was found to be critical for optimal response. The utility of a triazolophane-based electrode was demonstrated by quantification of bromide in horse serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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Piwowar AM, Lockyer NP, Vickerman JC. Salt effects on ion formation in desorption mass spectrometry: an investigation into the role of alkali chlorides on peak suppression in time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1040-8. [PMID: 19125566 DOI: 10.1021/ac8020888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In secondary ion mass spectrometry, the molecular environment from which a sample is analyzed can influence ion formation, affecting the resulting data. With the recent surge in studies involving examination of biological specimens, a better understanding of constituents commonly found in biological matrixes is necessary. In this article we discuss results from an investigation directed at understanding the role of salts doped as alkali chlorides in a model biological environment, arginine. The data show that addition of salt to the model system causes ion suppression of all the major mass spectral peaks attributed to arginine, with KCl having the largest suppression effect. Potential causes for the suppression effects are briefly discussed in relation to collected data. These theories include sample degradation, formation of salt adduct peaks, and anion neutralization. Investigation of the arginine salt data in comparison with data collected from pure salt systems indicates that suppression of the positive secondary ions is likely caused by a neutralization process involving the salt counteranion, chloride. To address the suppression issue, various procedures were performed on the arginine films such as sample washing with a cleaning solution (ammonium formate, ethanol, water) and analysis of films in a frozen-hydrated state. We present data from the analysis of the frozen-hydrated samples that shows both an ion yield enhancement and a significant amelioration of the salt suppression effects when compared to the samples run under standard conditions, demonstrating that it is a helpful approach to dealing with salt suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Piwowar
- Surface Analysis Research Centre, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, CEAS, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Role of cations in stability of acidic protein Desulfovibrio desulfuricans apoflavodoxin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 474:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Formica M, Fusi V, Macedi E, Paoli P, Piersanti G, Rossi P, Zappia G, Orlando P. New branched macrocyclic ligand and its side-arm, two urea-based receptors for anions: synthesis, binding studies and crystal structure. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b719342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reith MEA, Zhen J, Chen N. The importance of company: Na+ and Cl- influence substrate interaction with SLC6 transporters and other proteins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007:75-93. [PMID: 16722231 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29784-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
SLC6 transporters, which include transporters for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glycine, taurine, L-proline, creatine, betaine, and neutral cationic amino acids, require Na+ and Cl- for their function, and this review covers the interaction between transporters of this family with Na+ and Cl- from a structure-function standpoint. Because detailed structure-function information regarding ion interactions with SLC6 transporters is limited, we cover other proteins cotransporting Na+ or Cl- with substrate (SLClA2, PutP, SLC5A1, melB), or ion binding to proteins in general (rhodanese, ATPase, LacY, thermolysine, angiotensin-converting enzyme, halorhodopsin, CFTR). Residues can be involved in directly binding Na+ or Cl-, in coupling ion binding to conformational changes in transporter, in coupling Na+ or Cl- movement to transport, or in conferring ion selectivity. Coordination of ions can involve a number of residues, and portions of the substrate and coupling ion binding sites can be distal in space in the tertiary structure of the transporter, with other portions that are close in space thought to be crucial for the coupling process. The reactivity with methanethiosulfonate reagents of cysteines placed in strategic positions in the transporter provides a readout for conformational changes upon ion or substrate binding. More work is needed to establish the relationships between ion interactions and oligomerization of SLC6 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Reith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61656, USA.
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