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Bracic Tomazic S, Schatz C, Haybaeck J. Translational Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4359-4369. [PMID: 34703211 PMCID: PMC8523516 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Bracic Tomazic
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, Graz, 8020, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Christoph Schatz
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.,Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
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2
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Shi F, Yadav DK, Hong Z, Wang J, Liang T, Bai X. A Seven-Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:728476. [PMID: 34603388 PMCID: PMC8481951 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Gene-based prognostic models have been reported to predict the overall survival of patients with HCC. Unfortunately, most of the genes used in earlier prognostic models lack prospective validation and, thus, cannot be used in clinical practice. Methods: Candidate genes were selected from GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), and their associations with patients’ survival were confirmed by RT-PCR using cDNA tissue microarrays established from patients with HCC after radical resection. A multivariate Cox proportion model was used to calculate the coefficient of corresponding gene. The expression of seven genes of interest (MKI67, AR, PLG, DNASE1L3, PTTG1, PPP1R1A, and TTR) with two reference genes was defined to calculate a risk score which determined groups of different risks. Results: Our risk scoring efficiently classified patients (n = 129) with HCC into a low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group. The three groups showed meaningful distinction of 3-year overall survival rate, i.e., 88.9, 74.5, and 20.6% for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group, respectively. The prognostic prediction model of risk scores was subsequently verified using an independent prospective cohort (n = 77) and showed high accuracy. Conclusion: Our seven-gene signature model performed excellent long-term prediction power and provided crucially guiding therapy for patients who are not a candidate for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dipesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Identification of a thirteen-gene signature predicting overall survival for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228241. [PMID: 33835133 PMCID: PMC8065179 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system characterized by mortality rate and poor prognosis. To indicate the prognosis of HCC patients, lots of genes have been screened as prognostic indicators. However, the predictive efficiency of single gene is not enough. Therefore, it is essential to identify a risk-score model based on gene signature to elevate predictive efficiency. Methods: Lasso regression analysis followed by univariate Cox regression was employed to establish a risk-score model for HCC prognosis prediction based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE14520. R package ‘clusterProfiler’ was used to conduct function and pathway enrichment analysis. The infiltration level of various immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were evaluated by single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) of R package ‘GSVA’. Results: This prognostic model is an independent prognostic factor for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients and can be more effective by combining with clinical data through the construction of nomogram model. Further analysis showed patients in high-risk group possess more complex TME and immune cell composition. Conclusions: Taken together, our research suggests the thirteen-gene signature to possess potential prognostic value for HCC patients and provide new information for immunological research and treatment in HCC.
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4
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Moon H, Ro SW. Ras Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling and Kinase Suppressor of Ras as Therapeutic Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER 2021; 21:1-11. [PMID: 37384270 PMCID: PMC10035721 DOI: 10.17998/jlc.21.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high incidence cancer and a major health concern worldwide. Among the many molecular signaling pathways that are dysregulated in HCC, the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/Raf/MAPK) signaling pathway has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. Mutations in Ras and Raf genes which are known to activate the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway have been infrequently detected in human HCC; however, the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of HCC cases, suggesting an alternative mechanism for the activation of the signaling pathway. Kinase suppressor of Ras acts as a molecular scaffold for facilitating the assembly of Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway components and has been implicated in the regulation of this signaling pathway. In this review, we provide important insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Moon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Life Sciences, Yongin, Korea
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Life Sciences, Yongin, Korea
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5
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Pinto Marques H, Gomes da Silva S, De Martin E, Agopian VG, Martins PN. Emerging biomarkers in HCC patients: Current status. Int J Surg 2020; 82S:70-76. [PMID: 32344023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the liver's most common primary malignancy, with over half a million new cases diagnosed each year and being the fourth leading cause of cancer death, worldwide. The poor prognosis of HCC is largely related to late diagnosis. Historically, serum alpha-fetoprotein and diagnostic imaging have been primary diagnostic modalities. However, the poor prognosis due to late diagnosis of HCC has proven unacceptable and, recently, significant efforts have been devoted to identifying patients with early stage HCC. Molecular biomarkers can provide additional and relevant information about the biological behavior of these tumors. Research in biomarker combinations may provide more accurate and valuable information for the future individualized HCC diagnosis and/or prognosis. Several biomarkers with prognostic significance have been identified, however all of them have been studied retrospectively. Furthermore, of all different molecular signatures that have been published, very few have been externally validated. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant emerging biomarkers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pinto Marques
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Center, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon's Central Hospitals and University Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Gomes da Silva
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Center, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon's Central Hospitals and University Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eleonora De Martin
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato- Biliaire, INSERM 1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Vatche G Agopian
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
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6
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Kamimura K, Yokoo T, Abe H, Terai S. Gene Therapy for Liver Cancers: Current Status from Basic to Clinics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121865. [PMID: 31769427 PMCID: PMC6966544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ for metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and endocrine function, and among liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, malignant tumors, and congenital disease, liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional therapeutic options such as embolization and chemotherapy are not effective against advanced-stage liver cancer; therefore, continuous efforts focus on the development of novel therapeutic options, including molecular targeted agents and gene therapy. In this review, we will summarize the progress toward the development of gene therapies for liver cancer, with an emphasis on recent clinical trials and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2207; Fax: +81-25-227-0776
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7
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Zhou Z, Sun X, Guo C, Sun MZ, Liu S. CRKII overexpression promotes the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion potential of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5169-5174. [PMID: 31186732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a major mechanism of tumor metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the association of CRKII, a member of the CRK family, with the in vitro malignant behaviors of a murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cell line, with a lymph node metastatic rate of ~25%. Total mRNA was extracted from Hca-P cells, and then the murine CRKII gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pEASY-blunt cloning vector. Subsequently, the recombinant pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII plasmid was constructed and transfected into Hca-P cells. Western blotting indicated that the CRKII expression level in pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII-Hca-P cells was increased by ~185%, compared with pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-Hca-P cells. The stable overexpression of CRKII enhanced the in vitro proliferation ability, as measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the colony forming capacity was measured with a soft agar colony forming assay for Hca-P cells. The in vitro migration and invasion capacities of Hca-P cells were increased by ~179 and 156% in Hca-P cells, respectively, following the stable upregulation of CRKII. Collectively, the recombinant pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII-Hca-P plasmid was constructed successfully. Additionally, the CRKII expression level was positively associated with the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion malignant properties of Hca-P cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanmei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 114012, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 114012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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8
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9
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Berbegall AP, Bogen D, Pötschger U, Beiske K, Bown N, Combaret V, Defferrari R, Jeison M, Mazzocco K, Varesio L, Vicha A, Ash S, Castel V, Coze C, Ladenstein R, Owens C, Papadakis V, Ruud E, Amann G, Sementa AR, Navarro S, Ambros PF, Noguera R, Ambros IM. Heterogeneous MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma: a SIOP Europe Neuroblastoma Study. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1502-1512. [PMID: 29755120 PMCID: PMC5988829 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In neuroblastoma (NB), the most powerful prognostic marker, the MYCN amplification (MNA), occasionally shows intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), i.e. coexistence of MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified tumour cell clones, called heterogeneous MNA (hetMNA). Prognostication and therapy allocation are still unsolved issues. Methods The SIOPEN Biology group analysed 99 hetMNA NBs focussing on the prognostic significance of MYCN ITH. Results Patients <18 months (18 m) showed a better outcome in all stages as compared to older patients (5-year OS in localised stages: <18 m: 0.95 ± 0.04, >18 m: 0.67 ± 0.14, p = 0.011; metastatic: <18 m: 0.76 ± 0.15, >18 m: 0.28 ± 0.09, p = 0.084). The genomic 'background’, but not MNA clone sizes, correlated significantly with relapse frequency and OS. No relapses occurred in cases of only numerical chromosomal aberrations. Infiltrated bone marrows and relapse tumour cells mostly displayed no MNA. However, one stage 4s tumour with segmental chromosomal aberrations showed a homogeneous MNA in the relapse. Conclusions This study provides a rationale for the necessary distinction between heterogeneous and homogeneous MNA. HetMNA tumours have to be evaluated individually, taking age, stage and, most importantly, genomic background into account to avoid unnecessary upgrading of risk/overtreatment, especially in infants, as well as in order to identify tumours prone to developing homogeneous MNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominik Bogen
- Department of Tumour Biology CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Pötschger
- S2IRP: Studies and Statistics for Integrated Research and Projects CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nick Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Valérie Combaret
- Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Raffaella Defferrari
- Department of Pathology, Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Jeison
- Cancer Cytogenetic and Molecular Cytogenetic Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 49202, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Katia Mazzocco
- Department of Pathology, Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ales Vicha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shifra Ash
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 49202, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Victoria Castel
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carole Coze
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Aix-Marseille University and APHM, Hôpital d' Enfants de La Timone, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- S2IRP: Studies and Statistics for Integrated Research and Projects CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,St Anna Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics of the Medical University, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cormac Owens
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, D12 N512, Ireland
| | - Vassilios Papadakis
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriele Amann
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela R Sementa
- Department of Pathology, Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter F Ambros
- Department of Tumour Biology CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inge M Ambros
- Department of Tumour Biology CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Xie C, Yan TM, Chen JM, Li XY, Zou J, Zhu LJ, Lu LL, Wang Y, Zhou FY, Liu ZQ, Hu M. LC-MS/MS quantification of sulfotransferases is better than conventional immunogenic methods in determining human liver SULT activities: implication in precision medicine. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634336 PMCID: PMC5478605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether enzyme activities are correlated with protein amounts and mRNA expression levels of five major human sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes in 10 matched pericarcinomatous and hepatocellular carcinoma liver samples. The MRM UHPLC-MS/MS method, Western blot and RT-PCR were used along with SULT activity measurement using probe substrates. The LC-MS/MS method was specific for all five tested SULTs, whereas Western blot was specific for only two isoforms. The activities of SULT1A1, SULT1B1, SULT1E1 and SULT2A1 in 9 of 10 samples showed a significant decrease in tumor tissues relative to matched pericarcinomatous tissues, whereas the activities of SULT1A3 in 7 of 10 samples increased. The turnover numbers of SULTs did not change, except for SULT1A1. A generally high degree of correlations was observed between SULT activities and protein amounts (r2 ≥ 0.59 except one), whereas a low degree of correlations was observed between SULT activities and mRNA expression levels (r2 ≤ 0.48 except one). HCC reduced the SULT activities via impaired protein amounts. LC-MS/MS quantification of SULTs is highly reliable measurement of SULT activities, and may be adopted for implementing precision medicine with respect to drugs mainly metabolized by SULTs in healthy and HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Tong-Meng Yan
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Juan Zou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. .,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Paired assessment of liver telomere lengths in hepatocellular cancer is a reliable predictor of disease persistence. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160621. [PMID: 28108675 PMCID: PMC5350599 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used a small series of highly defined patients, where we had matched timed peripheral blood samples (PBS), as well as paired liver biopsies obtained during collection of blood samples from patients with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared the correlation between the changes of telomere lengths in these defined samples. Patients included had either HCC alone or in conjunction with either pre-existing hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. PCR-based assay incorporating primers to the telomeric hexamer repeats to polymerize and detect telomeric DNA was used. The average telomere length for each independent assessment was measured by seeing the differences in the intensity of the sample’s telomere signal (T) to the signal from a single-copy gene (S-, β-globin) to estimate the standard ratio. Our results provide the first convincing evidence that PBS may be utilized to assay telomere shortening as a predictor for disease persistence in HCC resulting after HBV or HCV infection, but not in non-infectious cause-stimulated HCC. These findings provide incipient opportunity to develop telomere length assessment as a biomarker tool for prediction of HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection, as well as to gauge responses to chemotherapy and other treatment modalities.
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12
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Mutation Detection of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 for Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:407-417. [PMID: 28058595 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene data on infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC) are still unknown. AIMS This study aims to identify the gene expression signature of iHCC compared with single nodular (SN)-type HCC according to the gross classification. METHODS The whole-exome sequencing was performed in six matched HCC tumor/normal pairs (three infiltrative type and three single nodular type) from six patients who received curative hepatectomy. Subsequent validation using Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR was performed in 30 HCC tumor samples (15 infiltrative type and 15 single nodular type). RESULTS Following whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis, it revealed significant difference of iHCC from SN-type HCC in gene patterns. Particularly, a typical growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR3 was predominantly mutated in iHCC. One nonsynonymous variant c.G285T (p.Q95H) and five additional mutations (c.G938A:p.G313D, c.G1291A:p.A431T, c.C1355G:p.T452R, c.C1377T:p.L459L, and c.A1445T:p.E482V) were investigated by whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the specific expression of FGFR3 in iHCC samples. CONCLUSION Our studies indicated that FGFR3 may be a candidate oncogene in tumor progression and a promising therapeutic target in iHCC patients who had early recurrence.
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Marquardt JU, Andersen JB, Thorgeirsson SS. Functional and genetic deconstruction of the cellular origin in liver cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:653-67. [PMID: 26493646 DOI: 10.1038/nrc4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, research on primary liver cancers has particularly highlighted the uncommon plasticity of differentiated parenchymal liver cells (that is, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (also known as biliary epithelial cells)), the role of liver progenitor cells in malignant transformation, the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the molecular complexity of liver tumours. Whereas other reviews have focused on the landscape of genetic alterations that promote development and progression of primary liver cancers and the role of the tumour microenvironment, the crucial importance of the cellular origin of liver cancer has been much less explored. Therefore, in this Review, we emphasize the importance and complexity of the cellular origin in tumour initiation and progression, and attempt to integrate this aspect with recent discoveries in tumour genomics and the contribution of the disrupted hepatic microenvironment to liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yu P, Wu D, You Y, Sun J, Lu L, Tan J, Bie P. miR-208-3p promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion through regulating ARID2 expression. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:232-41. [PMID: 26169693 PMCID: PMC7094640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. miRNA dysregulation plays a causal role in cancer progression. In this study, miR-208-3p was highly expressed and directly repressed ARID2 expression. As a result, ARID2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was decreased. In vitro, miR-208-3p down-regulation and ARID2 over-expression elicited similar inhibitory effects on HCC cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo test results revealed that miR-208-3p down-regulation inhibited HCC tumorigenesis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, ARID2 was possibly a downstream element of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1)/miR-208-3p/ARID2 regulatory pathway. These findings suggested that miR-208-3p up-regulation is associated with HCC cell progression and may provide a new target for liver cancer treatment. miR-208-3p was highly expressed and directly repressed the expression of ARID2 in HCC. miR-208-3p contributed to HCC cell progression both in vitro and in vivo. Over-expression of ARID2 inhibited the HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Restoration of ARID2 partly reversed the the effect of miR-208-3p down-regulation on HCC cells. Newly regulatory pathway: miR-208-3p mediated the repression of ARID2 by TGFβ1 in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingguo Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Mazzoccoli G, Tarquini R, Valoriani A, Oben J, Vinciguerra M, Marra F. Management strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma: old certainties and new realities. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:243-56. [PMID: 26077653 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent disease ranking among the ten most common cancers worldwide with increasing trend of incidence in most developed countries. The great healthcare costs and economic burden of HCC dictate proper preventive interventions as well as surveillance and screening programs to decrease disease incidence and allow early diagnosis. HCC treatment outcomes are affected by several variables, including liver function, patient's performance status, and tumor stage. In line with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging curative treatments, such as surgery or radio-frequency ablation, are indicated in early-stage HCC (BCLC-A), and the noncurative treatments are indicated in intermediate and advanced stages of HCC (BCLC-B, C). Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represents the treatment of choice for intermediate-stage HCC with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis, and the long-term survival after liver transplantation is inferior to that of early-stage HCCs. In advanced-stage HCC or when complete necrosis is not achieved or early recurrence after TACE develops, individualized treatments such as systemic treatment or combined radiation therapy are indicated. The increasing knowledge of the genomic landscape of HCC and the development of molecular-targeted therapies is heading toward expanding the armamentarium for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Inter-company Department for Continuity Assistance, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Alice Valoriani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Inter-company Department for Continuity Assistance, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Jude Oben
- University College London (UCL) - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- University College London (UCL) - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Istituto EuroMEditerraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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