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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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2
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Fanani ML, Ambroggio EE. Phospholipases and Membrane Curvature: What Is Happening at the Surface? MEMBRANES 2023; 13:190. [PMID: 36837693 PMCID: PMC9965983 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this revision work, we emphasize the close relationship between the action of phospholipases and the modulation of membrane curvature and curvature stress resulting from this activity. The alteration of the tridimensional structure of membranes upon the action of phospholipases is analyzed based on studies on model lipid membranes. The transient unbalance of both compositional and physical membrane properties between the hemilayers upon phospholipase activity lead to curvature tension and the catalysis of several membrane-related processes. Several proteins' membrane-bound and soluble forms are susceptible to regulation by the curvature stress induced by phospholipase action, which has important consequences in cell signaling. Additionally, the modulation of membrane fusion by phospholipase products regulates membrane dynamics in several cellular scenarios. We commented on vesicle fusion in the Golgi-endoplasmic system, synaptic vesicle fusion to the plasma membrane, viral membrane fusion to host cell plasma membrane and gametes membrane fusion upon acrosomal reaction. Furthermore, we explored the modulation of membrane fusion by the asymmetric adsorption of amphiphilic drugs. A deep understanding of the relevance of lipid membrane structure, particularly membrane curvature and curvature stress, on different cellular events leads to the challenge of its regulation, which may become a powerful tool for pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Fanani
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Esteban Ambroggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
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3
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Hybrid bilayer membranes as platforms for biomimicry and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:862-880. [PMID: 37117701 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) platforms represent an emerging nanoscale bio-inspired interface that has broad implications in energy catalysis and smart molecular devices. An HBM contains multiple modular components that include an underlying inorganic surface with a biological layer appended on top. The inorganic interface serves as a support with robust mechanical properties that can also be decorated with functional moieties, sensing units and catalytic active sites. The biological layer contains lipids and membrane-bound entities that facilitate or alter the activity and selectivity of the embedded functional motifs. With their structural complexity and functional flexibility, HBMs have been demonstrated to enhance catalytic turnover frequency and regulate product selectivity of the O2 and CO2 reduction reactions, which have applications in fuel cells and electrolysers. HBMs can also steer the mechanistic pathways of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions of quinones and metal complexes by tuning electron and proton delivery rates. Beyond energy catalysis, HBMs have been equipped with enzyme mimics and membrane-bound redox agents to recapitulate natural energy transport chains. With channels and carriers incorporated, HBM sensors can quantify transmembrane events. This Review serves to summarize the major accomplishments achieved using HBMs in the past decade.
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Tatiyaborworntham N, Oz F, Richards MP, Wu H. Paradoxical effects of lipolysis on the lipid oxidation in meat and meat products. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100317. [PMID: 35571332 PMCID: PMC9092974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis in meat and meat products is a phenomenon involving hydrolysis of lipids, notably via enzymatic catalysis that takes place even postmortem. During refrigerated and frozen storage of meat, in particular fish, endogenous lipolytic enzymes actively degrade triacylglycerols and phospholipids resulting in accumulation of free fatty acids and other hydrolytic products. A classical conjecture suggests that lipolysis enhances lipid oxidation which is involved in quality deterioration of fresh meat and, to some degrees, flavor development of certain meat products. Recent studies (<5 years) have shown that under some circumstances, lipolysis of certain lipolytic enzymes can inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle models, which provides more insight in lipid oxidation mechanisms in muscle matrices as well as implies potential strategies for improving meat quality. This review will discuss such paradoxical effects and potential mechanisms of lipolysis on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawat Tatiyaborworntham
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mark P. Richards
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, 1933 Observatory Dr. Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Haizhou Wu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nesterov SV, Ilyinsky NS, Uversky VN. Liquid-liquid phase separation as a common organizing principle of intracellular space and biomembranes providing dynamic adaptive responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119102. [PMID: 34293345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which has come to be recognized as fundamental organizing principle of living cells. We distinguish separation processes with different dimensions. Well-known 3D-condensation occurs in aqueous solution and leads to membraneless organelle (MLOs) formation. 2D-films may be formed near membrane surfaces and lateral phase separation (membrane rafts) occurs within the membranes themselves. LLPS may also occur on 1D structures like DNA and the cyto- and nucleoskeleton. Phase separation provides efficient transport and sorting of proteins and metabolites, accelerates the assembly of metabolic and signaling complexes, and mediates stress responses. In this work, we propose a model in which the processes of polymerization (1D structures), phase separation in membranes (2D structures), and LLPS in the volume (3D structures) influence each other. Disordered proteins and whole condensates may provide membrane raft separation or polymerization of specific proteins. On the other hand, 1D and 2D structures with special composition or embedded IDRs can nucleate condensates. We hypothesized that environmental change may trigger a LLPS which can propagate within the cell interior moving along the cytoskeleton or as an autowave. New phase propagation quickly and using a low amount of energy adjusts cell signaling and metabolic systems to new demands. Cumulatively, the interconnected phase separation phenomena in different dimensions represent a previously unexplored system of intracellular communication and regulation which cannot be ignored when considering both physiological and pathological cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Tatiyaborworntham N, Yin J, Richards MP. Factors influencing the antioxidant effect of phospholipase A2 against lipid oxidation promoted by trout hemoglobin and hemin in washed muscle. Food Chem 2020; 343:128428. [PMID: 33131955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was previously demonstrated. Understanding how PLA2 inhibits lipid oxidation promoted by hemoglobin (Hb) is important for its applications in muscle foods. Effects of enzyme dose, pH, and calcium ion on the ability of PLA2 to inhibit trout hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation were investigated in washed cod muscle (WCM). Results indicated that PLA2 required calcium ion for both the hydrolyzing activity and the antioxidant effect. The abilities of PLA2 to inhibit lipid oxidation and suppress oxidation of Hb to form methemoglobin and ferryl hemoglobin were pH-dependent. The lag phase before lipid oxidation enters the exponential phase reciprocally shortened as more hemin was bound to the insoluble matrix of WCM. However, PLA2 was able to inhibit lipid oxidation without preventing the interaction between hemin and the insoluble matrix of the washed muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawat Tatiyaborworntham
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Building, 1933 Observatory Dr. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Building, 1933 Observatory Dr. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark P Richards
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Building, 1933 Observatory Dr. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
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Single Lipid Molecule Dynamics on Supported Lipid Bilayers with Membrane Curvature. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7010015. [PMID: 28294967 PMCID: PMC5371976 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a highly compartmentalized, dynamic material and this organization is essential for a wide variety of cellular processes. Nanoscale domains allow proteins to organize for cell signaling, endo- and exocytosis, and other essential processes. Even in the absence of proteins, lipids have the ability to organize into domains as a result of a variety of chemical and physical interactions. One feature of membranes that affects lipid domain formation is membrane curvature. To directly test the role of curvature in lipid sorting, we measured the accumulation of two similar lipids, 1,2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHPE) and hexadecanoic acid (HDA), using a supported lipid bilayer that was assembled over a nanopatterned surface to obtain regions of membrane curvature. Both lipids studied contain 16 carbon, saturated tails and a head group tag for fluorescence microscopy measurements. The accumulation of lipids at curvatures ranging from 28 nm to 55 nm radii was measured and fluorescein labeled DHPE accumulated more than fluorescein labeled HDA at regions of membrane curvature. We then tested whether single biotinylated DHPE molecules sense curvature using single particle tracking methods. Similar to groups of fluorescein labeled DHPE accumulating at curvature, the dynamics of single molecules of biotinylated DHPE was also affected by membrane curvature and highly confined motion was observed.
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8
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Zhdanov VP, Agnarsson B, Höök F. Kinetics of enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of lipid vesicles. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Hong CY, Han CT, Chao L. Nonspecific Binding Domains in Lipid Membranes Induced by Phospholipase A2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6991-6999. [PMID: 27218880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a peripheral membrane protein that can hydrolyze phospholipids to produce lysolipids and fatty acids. It has been found to play crucial roles in various cellular processes and is thought as a potential candidate for triggering drug release from liposomes for medical treatment. Here, we directly observed that PLA2 hydrolysis reaction can induce the formation of PLA2-binding domains at lipid bilayer interface and found that the formation was significantly influenced by the fluidity of the lipid bilayer. We prepared supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) with various molar ratios of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) to adjust the reactivity and fluidity of the lipid bilayers. A significant amount of the PLA2-induced domains was observed in mixtures of DPPC and DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) but not in either pure DPPC or pure DOPC bilayer, which might be the reason that previous studies rarely observed these domains in lipid bilayer systems. The fluorescently labeled PLA2 experiment showed that newly formed domains acted as binding templates for PLA2. The AFM result showed that the induced domain has stepwise plateau structure, suggesting that PLA2 hydrolysis products may align as bilayers and accumulate layer by layer on the support, and the hydrophobic acyl chains at the side of the layer structure may be exposed to the outside aqueous environment. The introduced hydrophobic region could have hydrophobic interactions with proteins and therefore can attract the binding of not only PLA2 but also other types of proteins such as proteoglycans and streptavidin. The results suggest that the formation of PLA2-induced domains may convert part of a zwitterionic nonsticky lipid membrane to a site where biomolecules can nonspecifically bind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yee Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Chung-Ta Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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10
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Wu HL, Tong Y, Peng Q, Li N, Ye S. Phase transition behaviors of the supported DPPC bilayer investigated by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1411-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transition behaviors of a supported bilayer of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) have been systematically evaluated by in situ sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Liang Wu
- Catalysis Research Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
| | - Yujin Tong
- Catalysis Research Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
| | - Qiling Peng
- Catalysis Research Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
| | - Na Li
- Catalysis Research Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
| | - Shen Ye
- Catalysis Research Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
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11
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Rysavy NM, Shimoda LMN, Dixon AM, Speck M, Stokes AJ, Turner H, Umemoto EY. Beyond apoptosis: the mechanism and function of phosphatidylserine asymmetry in the membrane of activating mast cells. BIOARCHITECTURE 2015; 4:127-37. [PMID: 25759911 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2014.995516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of plasma membrane asymmetry is a hallmark of apoptosis, but lipid bilayer asymmetry and loss of asymmetry can contribute to numerous cellular functions and responses that are independent of programmed cell death. Exofacial exposure of phosphatidylserine occurs in lymphocytes and mast cells after antigenic stimulation and in the absence of apoptosis, suggesting that there is a functional requirement for phosphatidylserine exposure in immunocytes. In this review we examine current ideas as to the nature of this functional role in mast cell activation. Mechanistically, there is controversy as to the candidate proteins responsible for phosphatidylserine translocation from the internal to external leaflet, and here we review the candidacies of mast cell PLSCR1 and TMEM16F. Finally we examine the potential relationship between functionally important mast cell membrane perturbations and phosphatidylserine exposure during activation.
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Key Words
- ABCA, ABC binding cassette family A
- CRAC, calcium release activated channel
- GPMV, giant plasma membrane vesicle
- ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PLSCR, phospholipid scramblase
- PMA, phorbol 12,13-myristate acetate
- RBL, rat basophilic leukemia
- RFU, relative fluorescence units
- ROI, region of interest
- TMEM, transmembrane protein
- TMEM16F
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- mast cells
- membrane lipids
- phosphatidylserine
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel M Rysavy
- a Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction ; Department of Biology; Chaminade University ; Honolulu , Hawai'i USA
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12
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A Langmuir monolayer study of the action of phospholipase A2 on model phospholipid and mixed phospholipid-GM1 ganglioside membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:389-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Khmelinskaia A, Ibarguren M, de Almeida RFM, López DJ, Paixão VA, Ahyayauch H, Goñi FM, Escribá PV. Changes in membrane organization upon spontaneous insertion of 2-hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2117-2128. [PMID: 24490728 DOI: 10.1021/la403977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent research regarding 2-hydroxylated fatty acids (2OHFAs) showed clear evidence of their benefits in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Monolayer compressibility isotherms and isothermal titration calorimetry of 2OHFA (C18-C22) in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (1:1:1:1 mole ratio), a mixture that mimics the composition of mammalian plasma membrane, were performed to assess the membrane binding capacity of 2OHFAs and their natural, nonhydroxylated counterparts. The results show that 2OHFAs are surface-active substances that bind membranes through exothermic, spontaneous processes. The main effects of 2OHFAs are a decrease in lipid order, with a looser packing of the acyl chains, and a decreased dipole potential, regardless of the 2OHFAs' relative affinity for the lipid bilayer. The strongest effects are usually observed for 2-hydroxyarachidonic (C20:4) acid, and the weakest one, for 2-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (C22:6). In addition, 2OHFAs cause increased hydration, except in gel-phase membranes, which can be explained by the 2OHFA preference for membrane defects. Concerning the membrane dipole potential, the magnitude of the reduction induced by 2OHFAs was particularly marked in the liquid-ordered (lo) phase (cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich) membranes, those where order reduction was the smallest, suggesting a disruption of cholesterol-sphingolipid interactions that are responsible for the large dipole potential in those membranes. Moreover, 2OHFA effects were larger than for both lo and ld phases separately in model membranes with liquid disordered (ld)/lo coexistence when both phases were present in significant amounts, possibly because of the facilitating effect of ld/lo domain interfaces. The specific and marked changes induced by 2OHFAs in several membrane properties suggest that the initial interaction with the membrane and subsequent reorganization might constitute an important step in their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Khmelinskaia
- Centro de Quimica e Bioquimica, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
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14
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Pomorski TG, Nylander T, Cárdenas M. Model cell membranes: discerning lipid and protein contributions in shaping the cell. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:207-20. [PMID: 24268587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high complexity of biological membranes has motivated the development and application of a wide range of model membrane systems to study biochemical and biophysical aspects of membranes in situ under well defined conditions. The aim is to provide fundamental understanding of processes controlled by membrane structure, permeability and curvature as well as membrane proteins by using a wide range of biochemical, biophysical and microscopic techniques. This review gives an overview of some currently used model biomembrane systems. We will also discuss some key membrane protein properties that are relevant for protein-membrane interactions in terms of protein structure and how it is affected by membrane composition, phase behavior and curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Gettingevägen 60, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry/Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Stahelin RV. A new model of interfacial kinetics for phospholipases. Biophys J 2014; 105:1-2. [PMID: 23823217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA.
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16
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Wu PL, Chiu CR, Huang WN, Wu WG. The role of sulfatide lipid domains in the membrane pore-forming activity of cobra cardiotoxin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1378-85. [PMID: 22387431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cobra CTX A3, the major cardiotoxin (CTX) from Naja atra, is a cytotoxic, basic β-sheet polypeptide that is known to induce a transient membrane leakage of cardiomyocytes through a sulfatide-dependent CTX membrane pore formation and internalization mechanism. The molecular specificity of CTX A3-sulfatide interaction at atomic levels has also been shown by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction techniques to reveal a role of CTX-induced sulfatide conformational changes for CTX A3 binding and dimer formation. In this study, we investigate the role of sulfatide lipid domains in CTX pore formation by various biophysical methods, including fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy, and suggest an important role of liquid-disordered (ld) and solid-ordered (so) phase boundary in lipid domains to facilitate the process. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the kinetics of membrane leakage and CTX oligomerization further reveal that, although most CTXs can oligomerize on membranes, only a small fraction of CTXs oligomerizations form leakage pores. We therefore suggest that CTX binding at the boundary between the so and so/ld phase coexistence sulfatide lipid domains could form effective pores to significantly enhance the CTX-induced membrane leakage of sulfatide-containing phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The model is consistent with our earlier observations that CTX may penetrate and lyse the bilayers into small aggregates at a lipid/protein molar ratio of about 20 in the ripple P(β)' phase of phosphatidylcholine bilayers and suggest a novel mechanism for the synergistic action of cobra secretary phospholipase A2 and CTXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Long Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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