1
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Herrera SA, Justesen BH, Dieudonné T, Montigny C, Nissen P, Lenoir G, Günther Pomorski T. Direct evidence of lipid transport by the Drs2-Cdc50 flippase upon truncation of its terminal regions. Protein Sci 2023; 33:e4855. [PMID: 38063271 PMCID: PMC10895448 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
P4-ATPases in complex with Cdc50 subunits are lipid flippases that couple ATP hydrolysis with lipid transport to the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes to create lipid asymmetry. Such vectorial transport has been shown to contribute to vesicle formation in the late secretory pathway. Some flippases are regulated by autoinhibitory regions that can be destabilized by protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation and possibly by binding of cytosolic proteins. In addition, the binding of lipids to flippases may also induce conformational changes required for the activity of these transporters. Here, we address the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and the terminal autoinhibitory tails on the lipid flipping activity of the yeast lipid flippase Drs2-Cdc50. By functionally reconstituting the full-length and truncated forms of Drs2 in a 1:1 complex with the Cdc50 subunit, we provide compelling evidence that lipid flippase activity is exclusively detected for the truncated Drs2 variant and is dependent on the presence of the phosphoinositide PI4P. These findings highlight the critical role of phosphoinositides as lipid co-factors in the regulation of lipid transport by the Drs2-Cdc50 flippase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Thibaud Dieudonné
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Cédric Montigny
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Poul Nissen
- DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Guillaume Lenoir
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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2
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Herrera SA, Günther Pomorski T. Reconstitution of ATP-dependent lipid transporters: gaining insight into molecular characteristics, regulation, and mechanisms. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20221268. [PMID: 37417269 PMCID: PMC10412526 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transporters play a crucial role in supporting essential cellular processes such as organelle assembly, vesicular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis by driving lipid transport across membranes. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently resolved the structures of several ATP-dependent lipid transporters, but functional characterization remains a major challenge. Although studies of detergent-purified proteins have advanced our understanding of these transporters, in vitro evidence for lipid transport is still limited to a few ATP-dependent lipid transporters. Reconstitution into model membranes, such as liposomes, is a suitable approach to study lipid transporters in vitro and to investigate their key molecular features. In this review, we discuss the current approaches for reconstituting ATP-driven lipid transporters into large liposomes and common techniques used to study lipid transport in proteoliposomes. We also highlight the existing knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activity of lipid transporters, and finally, we address the limitations of the current approaches and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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3
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Paweletz LC, Holtbrügge SL, Löb M, De Vecchis D, Schäfer LV, Günther Pomorski T, Justesen BH. Anionic Phospholipids Stimulate the Proton Pumping Activity of the Plant Plasma Membrane P-Type H +-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13106. [PMID: 37685912 PMCID: PMC10488199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of membrane proteins depends strongly on the surrounding lipid environment. Here, we characterize the lipid stimulation of the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase Arabidopsis thaliana H+-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2) upon purification and reconstitution into liposomes of defined lipid compositions. We show that the proton pumping activity of AHA2 is stimulated by anionic phospholipids, especially by phosphatidylserine. This activation was independent of the cytoplasmic C-terminal regulatory domain of the pump. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed several preferential contact sites for anionic phospholipids in the transmembrane domain of AHA2. These contact sites are partially conserved in functionally different P-type ATPases from different organisms, suggesting a general regulation mechanism by the membrane lipid environment. Our findings highlight the fact that anionic lipids play an important role in the control of H+-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Paweletz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Simon L. Holtbrügge
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Malina Löb
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Dario De Vecchis
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Lars V. Schäfer
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
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4
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Baum JF, Uzun HD, Pomorski TG. Visualizing Loss of Plasma Membrane Lipid Asymmetry Using Annexin V Staining. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4754. [PMID: 37497452 PMCID: PMC10366992 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry contributes to many cellular functions and responses, including apoptosis, blood coagulation, and cell fusion. In this protocol, we describe the use of fluorescently labeled annexin V to detect loss of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane of adherent living cells by fluorescence microscopy. The approach provides a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to detect changes in lipid asymmetry but is limited by low sample throughput. The protocol can also be adapted to other fluorescently labeled lipid-binding proteins or peptide probes. To validate the lipid binding properties of such probes, we additionally describe here the preparation and use of giant unilamellar vesicles as simple model membrane systems that have a size comparable to cells. Key features Monitoring loss of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane via confocal microscopy. Protocol can be applied to any type of cell that is adherent in culture, including primary cells. Assay can be adapted to other fluorescently labeled lipid-binding proteins or peptide probes. Giant unilamellar vesicles serve as a tool to validate the lipid binding properties of such probes. Graphical overview Imaging the binding of fluorescent annexin V to adherent mammalian cells and giant vesicles by confocal microscopy. Annexin V labeling is a useful method for detecting a loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry in cells (top image, red); DAPI can be used to identify nuclei (top image, blue). Giant vesicles are used as a tool to validate the lipid binding properties of annexin V to anionic lipids (lower image, red).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Huriye D. Uzun
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Baum JF, Bredegaard L, Herrera SA, Pomorski TG. Visualizing NBD-lipid Uptake in Mammalian Cells by Confocal Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4771. [PMID: 37456343 PMCID: PMC10338633 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use a series of membrane transporters to control the movement of lipids across their plasma membrane. Several tools and techniques have been developed to analyze the activity of these transporters in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Among them, assays based on fluorescence microscopy in combination with fluorescent lipid probes are particularly suitable, allowing visualization of lipid internalization in living cells. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for mammalian cell culture, lipid probe preparation, cell labeling, and confocal imaging to monitor lipid internalization by lipid flippases at the plasma membrane based on lipid probes carrying a fluorophore at a short-chain fatty acid. The protocol allows studying a wide range of mammalian cell lines, to test the impact of gene knockouts on lipid internalization at the plasma membrane and changes in lipid uptake during cell differentiation. Key features Visualization and quantification of lipid internalization by lipid flippases at the plasma membrane based on confocal microscopy. Assay is performed on living adherent mammalian cells in culture. The protocol can be easily modified to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bredegaard
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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6
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Wiesner W, Kühnel RM, Pomorski TG. Synthesis and Purification of Lipid-conjugated Fluorescent pH Sensors. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4694. [PMID: 37342157 PMCID: PMC10278037 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-conjugated pH sensors based on fluorophores coupled to lipids are a powerful tool for monitoring pH gradients in biological microcompartments and reconstituted membrane systems. This protocol describes the synthesis of pH sensors based on amine-reactive pHrodo esters and the amino phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine. The major features of this sensor include efficient partitioning into membranes and strong fluorescence under acidic conditions. The protocol described here can be used as a template to couple other amine-reactive fluorophores to phosphatidylethanolamines. Graphical overview Synthesis of lipid-conjugated pH sensors based on amine-reactive fluorophore esters and the aminophospholipid phosphoethanolamine (PE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Wiesner
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ronja Marie Kühnel
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; # Contributed equally to this work
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7
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Veit S, Pomorski TG. Measuring in vitro ATPase Activity with High Sensitivity Using Radiolabeled ATP. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4676. [PMID: 37251095 PMCID: PMC10213075 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ATPase assays are a common tool for the characterization of purified ATPases. Here, we describe a radioactive [γ-32P]-ATP-based approach, utilizing complex formation with molybdate for phase separation of the free phosphate from non-hydrolyzed, intact ATP. The high sensitivity of this assay, compared to common assays such as the Malachite green or NADH-coupled assay, enables the examination of proteins with low ATPase activity or low purification yields. This assay can be used on purified proteins for several applications including the identification of substrates, determination of the effect of mutations on ATPase activity, and testing specific ATPase inhibitors. Furthermore, the protocol outlined here can be adapted to measure the activity of reconstituted ATPases. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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8
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Veit S, Paweletz LC, Günther Pomorski T. Determination of membrane protein orientation upon liposomal reconstitution down to the single vesicle level. Biol Chem 2023:hsz-2022-0325. [PMID: 36857289 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomal membranes represents a key technique in enabling functional analysis under well-defined conditions. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to selected methods that have been developed to determine membrane protein orientation after reconstitution in liposomes, including approaches based on proteolytic digestion with proteases, site-specific labeling, fluorescence quenching and activity assays. In addition, we briefly highlight new strategies based on single vesicle analysis to address the problem of sample heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NC 7/174, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Charlotte Paweletz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NC 7/174, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NC 7/174, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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9
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Uzun HD, Vázquez-Hernández M, Bandow JE, Pomorski TG. In vitro Assay to Evaluate Cation Transport of Ionophores. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4552. [PMID: 36532682 PMCID: PMC9724011 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is a fundamental regulator of cellular processes and depends upon lipid membranes, which function as ion permeability barriers. Ionophores facilitate ion transport across cell membranes and offer a way to manipulate cellular ion composition. Here, we describe a calcein quenching assay based on large unilamellar vesicles that we used to evaluate divalent cation transport of the ionophore 4-Br-A23187. This assay can be used to study metal transport by ionophores and membrane proteins, under well-defined conditions. This protocol was validated in: Proteomics (2022), DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200061 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huriye D. Uzun
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
,
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
,
*For correspondence:
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10
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Paweletz LC, Veit S, Pomorski TG. A Fluorescence-based Approach Utilizing Self-labeling Enzyme Tags to Determine Protein Orientation in Large Unilamellar Vesicles. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4542. [PMID: 36505029 PMCID: PMC9711944 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins into large unilamellar vesicles is an essential approach for their functional analysis under chemically defined conditions. The orientation of the protein in the liposomal membrane after reconstitution depends on many parameters, and its assessment is important prior to functional measurements. Common approaches for determining the orientation of a membrane-inserted protein are based on limited proteolytic digest, impermeable labeling reagents for specific amino acids, or membrane-impermeable quenchers for fluorescent proteins. Here, we describe a simple site-specific fluorescent assay based on self-labeling enzyme tags to determine the orientation of membrane proteins after reconstitution, exemplified on a reconstituted SNAP-tag plant H + -ATPase. This versatile method should benefit the optimization of reconstitution conditions and the analysis of many types of membrane proteins. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Charlotte Paweletz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
,
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
,
*For correspondence:
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11
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Veit S, Paweletz LC, Bohr SSR, Menon AK, Hatzakis NS, Pomorski TG. Single Vesicle Fluorescence-Bleaching Assay for Multi-Parameter Analysis of Proteoliposomes by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29659-29667. [PMID: 35748880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins into model membranes is an essential approach for their functional analysis under chemically defined conditions. Established model-membrane systems used in ensemble average measurements are limited by sample heterogeneity and insufficient knowledge of lipid and protein content at the single vesicle level, which limits quantitative analysis of vesicle properties and prevents their correlation with protein activity. Here, we describe a versatile total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy-based bleaching protocol that permits parallel analysis of multiple parameters (physical size, tightness, unilamellarity, membrane protein content, and orientation) of individual proteoliposomes prepared with fluorescently tagged membrane proteins and lipid markers. The approach makes use of commercially available fluorophores including the commonly used nitrobenzoxadiazole dye and may be applied to deduce functional molecular characteristics of many types of reconstituted fluorescently tagged membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Laura Charlotte Paweletz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anant K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research,Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
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12
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Senges CHR, Warmuth HL, Vázquez-Hernández M, Uzun HD, Sagurna L, Dietze P, Schmidt C, Mücher B, Herlitze S, Krämer U, Ott I, Pomorski TG, Bandow JE. Effects of 4-Br-A23187 on Bacillus subtilis cells and unilamellar vesicles reveal it to be a potent copper ionophore. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200061. [PMID: 35666003 PMCID: PMC10140759 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are small molecules or peptides that transport metal ions across biological membranes. Their transport capabilities are typically characterized in vitro using vesicles and single ion species. It is difficult to infer from these data which effects ionophores have on living cells in a complex environment (e.g. culture medium), since net ion movement is influenced by many factors including ion composition of the medium, concentration gradients, pH gradient, and protein-mediated transport processes across the membrane. To gain insights into the antibacterial mechanism of action of the semisynthetic polyether ionophore 4-Br-A23187, known to efficiently transport zinc and manganese in vitro, we investigated its effects on the gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. In addition to monitoring cellular ion concentrations, the physiological impact of treatment was assessed on the proteome level. 4-Br-A23187 treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular copper levels, the extent of which depended on the copper concentration of the medium. Effects of copper accumulation mirrored by the proteomic response included oxidative stress, disturbance of proteostasis, metal and sulfur homeostasis. The antibiotic effect of 4-Br-A23187 is further aggravated by a decrease in intracellular manganese and magnesium. A liposome model confirmed that 4-Br-A23187 acts as copper ionophore in vitro. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H R Senges
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Helen L Warmuth
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Vázquez-Hernández
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Huriye Deniz Uzun
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonie Sagurna
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Dietze
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Inorganic and Organometallic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Brix Mücher
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Inorganic and Organometallic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Dieudonné T, Herrera SA, Laursen MJ, Lejeune M, Stock C, Slimani K, Jaxel C, Lyons JA, Montigny C, Pomorski TG, Nissen P, Lenoir G. Autoinhibition and regulation by phosphoinositides of ATP8B1, a human lipid flippase associated with intrahepatic cholestatic disorders. eLife 2022; 11:75272. [PMID: 35416773 PMCID: PMC9045818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P4-ATPases flip lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet, thus maintaining lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Mutations in several human P4-ATPase genes are associated with severe diseases, for example in ATP8B1 causing progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a rare inherited disorder progressing toward liver failure. ATP8B1 forms a binary complex with CDC50A and displays a broad specificity to glycerophospholipids, but regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we report functional studies and the cryo-EM structure of the human lipid flippase ATP8B1-CDC50A at 3.1 Å resolution. We find that ATP8B1 is autoinhibited by its N- and C-terminal tails, which form extensive interactions with the catalytic sites and flexible domain interfaces. Consistently, ATP hydrolysis is unleashed by truncation of the C-terminus, but also requires phosphoinositides, most markedly phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), and removal of both N- and C-termini results in full activation. Restored inhibition of ATP8B1 truncation constructs with a synthetic peptide mimicking the C-terminal segment further suggests molecular communication between N- and C-termini in the autoinhibition and demonstrates that the regulatory mechanism can be interfered with by exogenous compounds. A recurring (G/A)(Y/F)AFS motif of the C-terminal segment suggests that this mechanism is employed widely across P4-ATPase lipid flippases in plasma membrane and endomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Dieudonné
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maylis Lejeune
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charlott Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kahina Slimani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Jaxel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joseph A Lyons
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cédric Montigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Lenoir
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Mathiassen PPM, Pomorski TG. A Fluorescence-based Assay for Measuring Phospholipid Scramblase Activity in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4366. [PMID: 35434199 PMCID: PMC8983165 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transbilayer movement of phospholipids in biological membranes is mediated by a diverse set of lipid transporters. Among them are scramblases that facilitate rapid bi-directional movement of lipids without metabolic energy input. In this protocol, we describe the incorporation of phospholipid scramblases into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) formed from scramblase-containing large unilamellar vesicles by electroformation. We also describe how to analyze their activity using membrane-impermeant sodium dithionite, to bleach symmetrically incorporated fluorescent ATTO488-conjugated phospholipids. The fluorescence-based readout allows single vesicle tracking for a large number of settled/immobilized GUVs, and provides a well-defined experimental setup to directly characterize these lipid transporters at the molecular level. Graphic abstract: Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are formed by electroformation from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) containing phospholipid scramblases (purple) and trace amounts of a fluorescent lipid reporter (green). The scramblase activity is analyzed by a fluorescence-based assay of single GUVs, using the membrane-impermeant quencher dithionite. Sizes not to scale. Modified from Mathiassen et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P. M. Mathiassen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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15
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Grifell-Junyent M, Baum JF, Välimets S, Herrmann A, Paulusma CC, López-Marqués RL, Günther Pomorski T. CDC50A is required for aminophospholipid transport and cell fusion in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258649. [PMID: 34664668 PMCID: PMC10405909 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation of multinucleated muscle fibers and is promoted by transient changes in the plasma membrane lipid distribution. However, little is known about the lipid transporters regulating these dynamic changes. Here, we show that proliferating myoblasts exhibit an aminophospholipid flippase activity that is downregulated during differentiation. Deletion of the P4-ATPase flippase subunit CDC50A (also known as TMEM30A) results in loss of the aminophospholipid flippase activity and compromises actin remodeling, RAC1 GTPase membrane targeting and cell fusion. In contrast, deletion of the P4-ATPase ATP11A affects aminophospholipid uptake without having a strong impact on cell fusion. Our results demonstrate that myoblast fusion depends on CDC50A and may involve multiple CDC50A-dependent P4-ATPases that help to regulate actin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grifell-Junyent
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silja Välimets
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Herrera SA, Grifell-Junyent M, Pomorski TG. NBD-lipid Uptake Assay for Mammalian Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4330. [PMID: 35340299 PMCID: PMC8899549 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells are equipped with transmembrane lipid transporters, which are key players in membrane lipid asymmetry, vesicular trafficking, and membrane fusion. The link between mutations in these transporters and disease in humans highlights their essential role in cell homeostasis. Yet, many key features of their activities, their substrate specificity, and their regulation remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe an optimized quantitative flow cytometry-based lipid uptake assay utilizing nitrobenzoxadiazolyl (NBD) fluorescent lipids to study lipid internalization in mammalian cell lines, which allows characterizing lipid transporter activities at the plasma membrane. This approach allows for a rapid analysis of large cell populations, thereby greatly reducing sampling variability. The protocol can be applied to study a wide range of mammalian cell lines, to test the impact of gene knockouts on lipid internalization at the plasma membrane, and to uncover the dynamics of lipid transport at the plasma membrane. Graphic abstract: Internalization of NBD-labeled lipids from the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marta Grifell-Junyent
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Johansen NT, Bonaccorsi M, Bengtsen T, Larsen AH, Tidemand FG, Pedersen MC, Huda P, Berndtsson J, Darwish T, Yepuri NR, Martel A, Pomorski TG, Bertarello A, Sansom MS, Rapp M, Crehuet R, Schubeis T, Lindorff-Larsen K, Pintacuda G, Arleth L. Mg 2+-dependent conformational equilibria in CorA and an integrated view on transport regulation. eLife 2022; 11:71887. [PMID: 35129435 PMCID: PMC8865849 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CorA family of proteins regulates the homeostasis of divalent metal ions in many bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic mitochondria, making it an important target in the investigation of the mechanisms of transport and its functional regulation. Although numerous structures of open and closed channels are now available for the CorA family, the mechanism of the transport regulation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the conformational distribution and associated dynamic behaviour of the pentameric Mg2+ channel CorA at room temperature using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). We find that neither the Mg2+-bound closed structure nor the Mg2+-free open forms are sufficient to explain the average conformation of CorA. Our data support the presence of conformational equilibria between multiple states, and we further find a variation in the behaviour of the backbone dynamics with and without Mg2+. We propose that CorA must be in a dynamic equilibrium between different non-conducting states, both symmetric and asymmetric, regardless of bound Mg2+ but that conducting states become more populated in Mg2+-free conditions. These properties are regulated by backbone dynamics and are key to understanding the functional regulation of CorA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Bonaccorsi
- Centre de RMN à Très hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tone Bengtsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andreas Haahr Larsen
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen E, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen E, Denmark
| | - Pie Huda
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Berndtsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Nageshewar Rao Yepuri
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Centre de RMN à Très hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Sp Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mikaela Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramon Crehuet
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tobias Schubeis
- Centre de RMN à Très hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lise Arleth
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Ackermann B, Dünschede B, Pietzenuk B, Justesen BH, Krämer U, Hofmann E, Günther Pomorski T, Schünemann D. Chloroplast Ribosomes Interact With the Insertase Alb3 in the Thylakoid Membrane. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:781857. [PMID: 35003166 PMCID: PMC8733628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Oxa1/YidC/Alb3 protein family are involved in the insertion, folding, and assembly of membrane proteins in mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts. The thylakoid membrane protein Alb3 mediates the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP)-dependent posttranslational insertion of nuclear-encoded light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins and participates in the biogenesis of plastid-encoded subunits of the photosynthetic complexes. These subunits are cotranslationally inserted into the thylakoid membrane, yet very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying docking of the ribosome-nascent chain complexes to the chloroplast SecY/Alb3 insertion machinery. Here, we show that nanodisc-embedded Alb3 interacts with ribosomes, while the homolog Alb4, also located in the thylakoid membrane, shows no ribosome binding. Alb3 contacts the ribosome with its C-terminal region and at least one additional binding site within its hydrophobic core region. Within the C-terminal region, two conserved motifs (motifs III and IV) are cooperatively required to enable the ribosome contact. Furthermore, our data suggest that the negatively charged C-terminus of the ribosomal subunit uL4c is involved in Alb3 binding. Phylogenetic analyses of uL4 demonstrate that this region newly evolved in the green lineage during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Ackermann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Pietzenuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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19
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Stanchev LD, Rizzo J, Peschel R, Pazurek LA, Bredegaard L, Veit S, Laerbusch S, Rodrigues ML, López-Marqués RL, Günther Pomorski T. P-Type ATPase Apt1 of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Is a Lipid Flippase of Broad Substrate Specificity. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100843. [PMID: 34682264 PMCID: PMC8537059 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family are ATP-driven transporters that translocate lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of biological membranes. In the encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the P4-ATPase Apt1p is an important regulator of polysaccharide secretion and pathogenesis, but its biochemical characterization is lacking. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Apt1p belongs to the subclade of P4A-ATPases characterized by the common requirement for a β-subunit. Using heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, we demonstrate that Apt1p forms a heterodimeric complex with the C. neoformans Cdc50 protein. This association is required for both localization and activity of the transporter complex. Lipid flippase activity of the heterodimeric complex was assessed by complementation tests and uptake assays employing fluorescent lipids and revealed a broad substrate specificity, including several phospholipids, the alkylphospholipid miltefosine, and the glycolipids glucosyl- and galactosylceramide. Our results suggest that transbilayer lipid transport in C. neoformans is finely regulated to promote fungal virulence, which reinforces the potential of Apt1p as a target for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.R.); (M.L.R.)
- Unité Biologie des ARN des Pathogènes Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Peschel
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Lilli A. Pazurek
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Lasse Bredegaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Sarina Veit
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Sabine Laerbusch
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.R.); (M.L.R.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (R.P.); (L.A.P.); (S.V.); (S.L.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (R.L.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-32-24430
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20
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Sistemich L, Dimitrov Stanchev L, Kutsch M, Roux A, Günther Pomorski T, Herrmann C. Structural requirements for membrane binding of human guanylate-binding protein 1. FEBS J 2021; 288:4098-4114. [PMID: 33405388 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1) is a key player in innate immunity and fights diverse intracellular microbial pathogens. Its antimicrobial functions depend on hGBP1's GTP binding- and hydrolysis-induced abilities to form large, structured polymers and to attach to lipid membranes. Crucial for both of these biochemical features is the nucleotide-controlled release of the C terminally located farnesyl moiety. Here, we address molecular details of the hGBP1 membrane binding mechanism by employing recombinant, fluorescently labeled hGBP1, and artificial membranes. We demonstrate the importance of the GTPase activity and the resulting structural rearrangement of the hGBP1 molecule, which we term the open state. This open state is supported and stabilized by homodimer contacts involving the middle domain of the protein and is further stabilized by binding to the lipid bilayer surface. We show that on the surface of the lipid bilayer a hGBP1 monolayer is built in a pins in a pincushion-like arrangement with the farnesyl tail integrated in the membrane and the N-terminal GTPase domain facing outwards. We suggest that similar intramolecular contacts between neighboring hGBP1 molecules are responsible for both polymer formation and monolayer formation on lipid membranes. Finally, we show that tethering of large unilamellar vesicles occurs after the vesicle surface is fully covered by the monolayer. Both hGBP1 polymer formation and hGBP1-induced vesicle tethering have implications for understanding the molecular mechanism of combating bacterial pathogens. DATABASES: Structural data are available in RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers: 6K1Z, 2D4H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sistemich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Chen K, Günay-Esiyok Ö, Klingeberg M, Marquardt S, Pomorski TG, Gupta N. Aminoglycerophospholipid flipping and P4-ATPases in Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100315. [PMID: 33485966 PMCID: PMC7949121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid flipping in the membrane bilayers is a widespread eukaryotic phenomenon that is catalyzed by assorted P4-ATPases. Its occurrence, mechanism, and importance in apicomplexan parasites have remained elusive, however. Here we show that Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite with high clinical relevance, can salvage phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) but not phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) probes from its milieu. Consistently, the drug analogs of PtdCho are broadly ineffective in the parasite culture. NBD-PtdSer imported to the parasite interior is decarboxylated to NBD-PtdEtn, while the latter is not methylated to yield PtdCho, which confirms the expression of PtdSer decarboxylase but a lack of PtdEtn methyltransferase activity and suggests a role of exogenous lipids in membrane biogenesis of T. gondii. Flow cytometric quantitation of NBD-probes endorsed the selectivity of phospholipid transport and revealed a dependence of the process on energy and protein. Accordingly, our further work identified five P4-ATPases (TgP4-ATPase1-5), all of which harbor the signature residues and motifs required for phospholipid flipping. Of the four proteins expressed during the lytic cycle, TgP4-ATPase1 is present in the apical plasmalemma; TgP4-ATPase3 resides in the Golgi network along with its noncatalytic partner Ligand Effector Module 3 (TgLem3), whereas TgP4-ATPase2 and TgP4-ATPase5 localize in the plasmalemma as well as endo/cytomembranes. Last but not least, auxin-induced degradation of TgP4-ATPase1-3 impaired the parasite growth in human host cells, disclosing their crucial roles during acute infection. In conclusion, we show selective translocation of PtdEtn and PtdSer at the parasite surface and provide the underlying mechanistic and physiological insights in a model eukaryotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özlem Günay-Esiyok
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melissa Klingeberg
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Department of Experimental Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Experimental Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India.
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22
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Stanchev LD, Marek M, Xian F, Klöhn M, Silvestro D, Dittmar G, López-Marqués RL, Günther Pomorski T. Functional Significance of Conserved Cysteines in the Extracellular Loops of the ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Pdr11p. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:jof7010002. [PMID: 33375075 PMCID: PMC7822014 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter Pdr11p is expressed under anaerobic growth conditions at the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it facilitates the uptake of exogenous sterols. Members of the fungal PDR family contain six conserved cysteines in their extracellular loops (ECL). For the functional analysis of these cysteine residues in Pdr11p, we generated a series of single cysteine-to-serine mutants. All mutant proteins expressed well and displayed robust ATPase activity upon purification. Mass-spectrometry analysis identified two cysteine residues (C582 and C603) in ECL3 forming a disulfide bond. Further characterization by cell-based assays showed that all mutants are compromised in facilitating sterol uptake, protein stability, and trafficking to the plasma membrane. Our data highlight the fundamental importance of all six extracellular cysteine residues for the functional integrity of Pdr11p and provide new structural insights into the PDR family of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.M.); (D.S.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Magdalena Marek
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.M.); (D.S.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Feng Xian
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Rue Thomas Edison 1A-B, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.X.); (G.D.)
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.M.); (D.S.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Rue Thomas Edison 1A-B, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.X.); (G.D.)
| | - Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.M.); (D.S.); (R.L.L.-M.)
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (L.D.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.M.); (D.S.); (R.L.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-322-4430
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23
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Frøsig MM, Costa SR, Liesche J, Østerberg JT, Hanisch S, Nintemann S, Sørensen H, Palmgren M, Pomorski TG, López-Marqués RL. Pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves protein kinase-regulated lipid flippases. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235994. [PMID: 32661085 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid flippases of the P4 ATPase family establish phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes and are involved in many essential cellular processes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains five P4 ATPases, among which Dnf3p is poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that Dnf3p is a flippase that catalyzes translocation of major glycerophospholipids, including phosphatidylserine, towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. Deletion of the genes encoding Dnf3p and the distantly related P4 ATPases Dnf1p and Dnf2p results in yeast mutants with aberrant formation of pseudohyphae, suggesting that the Dnf1p-Dnf3p proteins have partly redundant functions in the control of this specialized form of polarized growth. Furthermore, as previously demonstrated for Dnf1 and Dnf2p, the phospholipid flipping activity of Dnf3p is positively regulated by flippase kinase 1 (Fpk1p) and Fpk2p. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that Dnf3p belongs to a subfamily of P4 ATPases specific for fungi and are likely to represent a hallmark of fungal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merethe Mørch Frøsig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sara Rute Costa
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Johannes Liesche
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Thulin Østerberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Susanne Hanisch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Nintemann
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helle Sørensen
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK - 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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24
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Knoke LR, Abad Herrera S, Götz K, Justesen BH, Günther Pomorski T, Fritz C, Schäkermann S, Bandow JE, Aktas M. Agrobacterium tumefaciens Small Lipoprotein Atu8019 Is Involved in Selective Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Docking to Bacterial Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1228. [PMID: 32582124 PMCID: PMC7296081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), released from Gram-negative bacteria, have been attributed to intra- and interspecies communication and pathogenicity in diverse bacteria. OMVs carry various components including genetic material, toxins, signaling molecules, or proteins. Although the molecular mechanism(s) of cargo delivery is not fully understood, recent studies showed that transfer of the OMV content to surrounding cells is mediated by selective interactions. Here, we show that the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent of crown gall disease, releases OMVs, which attach to the cell surface of various Gram-negative bacteria. The OMVs contain the conserved small lipoprotein Atu8019. An atu8019-deletion mutant produced wildtype-like amounts of OMVs with a subtle but reproducible reduction in cell-attachment. Otherwise, loss of atu8019 did not alter growth, susceptibility against cations or antibiotics, attachment to plant cells, virulence, motility, or biofilm formation. In contrast, overproduction of Atu8019 in A. tumefaciens triggered cell aggregation and biofilm formation. Localization studies revealed that Atu8019 is surface exposed in Agrobacterium cells and in OMVs supporting a role in cell adhesion. Purified Atu8019 protein reconstituted into liposomes interacted with model membranes and with the surface of several Gram-negative bacteria. Collectively, our data suggest that the small lipoprotein Atu8019 is involved in OMV docking to specific bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roxanne Knoke
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Götz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane Fritz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sina Schäkermann
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Elisabeth Bandow
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meriyem Aktas
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Rizzo J, Stanchev LD, da Silva VK, Nimrichter L, Pomorski TG, Rodrigues ML. Role of lipid transporters in fungal physiology and pathogenicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1278-1289. [PMID: 31921394 PMCID: PMC6944739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall and membrane are the most common targets of antifungal agents, but the potential of membrane lipid organization in regulating drug-target interactions has yet to be investigated. Energy-dependent lipid transporters have been recently associated with virulence and drug resistance in many pathogenic fungi. To illustrate this view, we discuss (i) the structural and biological aspects of ATP-driven lipid transporters, comprising P-type ATPases and ATP-binding cassette transporters, (ii) the role of these transporters in fungal physiology and virulence, and (iii) the potential of lipid transporters as targets for the development of novel antifungals. These recent observations indicate that the lipid-trafficking machinery in fungi is a promising target for studies on physiology, pathogenesis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Vanessa K.A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
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26
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Liu X, Pomorski TG, Liesche J. Non-invasive Quantification of Cell Wall Porosity by Fluorescence Quenching Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3344. [PMID: 33654847 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
All bacteria, fungi and plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. This complex network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins provides mechanical support, defines cell shape, controls cell growth and influences the exchange of substances between the cell and its surroundings. Despite its name, the cell wall is a flexible, dynamic structure. However, due to the lack of non-invasive methods to probe the structure, relatively little is known about the synthesis and dynamic remodeling of cell walls. Here, we describe a non-invasive method that quantifies a key physiological parameter of cell walls, the porosity, i.e., the size of spaces between cell wall components. This method measures the porosity-dependent decrease of the plasma membrane-localized fluorescent dye FM4-64 in the presence of the extracellular quencher Trypan blue. This method is applied to bacteria, fungi and plant cell walls to detect dynamic changes of porosity in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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27
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Maric S, Lind TK, Raida MR, Bengtsson E, Fredrikson GN, Rogers S, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Wenk MR, Pomorski TG, Arnebrant T, Lund R, Cárdenas M. Time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering as a probe for the dynamics of lipid exchange between human lipoproteins and naturally derived membranes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7591. [PMID: 31110185 PMCID: PMC6527577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main killer in the western world. Today’s clinical markers include the total level of cholesterol and high-/low-density lipoproteins, which often fails to accurately predict the disease. The relationship between the lipid exchange capacity and lipoprotein structure should explain the extent by which they release or accept lipid cargo and should relate to the risk for developing atherosclerosis. Here, small-angle neutron scattering and tailored deuteration have been used to follow the molecular lipid exchange between human lipoprotein particles and cellular membrane mimics made of natural, “neutron invisible” phosphatidylcholines. We show that lipid exchange occurs via two different processes that include lipid transfer via collision and upon direct particle tethering to the membrane, and that high-density lipoprotein excels at exchanging the human-like unsaturated phosphatidylcholine. By mapping the specific lipid content and level of glycation/oxidation, the mode of action of specific lipoproteins can now be deciphered. This information can prove important for the development of improved diagnostic tools and in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maric
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tania Kjellerup Lind
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Manfred Roman Raida
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, Box 50332, 212 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, Box 50332, 212 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Science Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, F-38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Science Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, F-38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Life Science Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, F-38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,Faculty of Natural Science and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Dept. of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Arnebrant
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reidar Lund
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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28
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Kühnel RM, Grifell-Junyent M, Jørgensen IL, Kemmer GC, Schiller J, Palmgren M, Justesen BH, Günther Pomorski T. Short-chain lipid-conjugated pH sensors for imaging of transporter activities in reconstituted systems and living cells. Analyst 2019; 144:3030-3037. [PMID: 30901016 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of ion sensors has gained importance for the study of ion dynamics in cells, with fluorescent proton nanosensors attracting particular interest because of their applicability in monitoring pH gradients in biological microcompartments and reconstituted membrane systems. In this work, we describe the improved synthesis, photophysical properties and applications of pH sensors based on amine-reactive pHrodo esters and short-chain lipid derivatives of phosphoethanolamine. The major features of these novel probes include strong fluorescence under acidic conditions, efficient partitioning into membranes, and extractability by back exchange to albumin. These features allow for the selective labeling of the inner liposomal leaflet in reconstituted membrane systems for studying proton pumping activities in a quantitative fashion, as demonstrated by assaying the activity of a plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Furthermore, the short-chain lipid-conjugated pH sensors enable the monitoring of pH changes from neutral to acidic conditions in the endocytic pathway of living cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate the applicability of short-chain lipid-conjugated sensors for in vivo and in vitro studies and thus pave the way for the design of lipid-conjugated sensors selective to other biologically relevant ions, e.g. calcium and sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Marie Kühnel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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29
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Sørensen DM, Holen HW, Pedersen JT, Martens HJ, Silvestro D, Stanchev LD, Costa SR, Günther Pomorski T, López-Marqués RL, Palmgren M. The P5A ATPase Spf1p is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and influences cellular sterol homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1069-1084. [PMID: 30785834 PMCID: PMC6724510 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
P5A ATPases are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells, and their disruption results in severe ER stress. However, the function of these ubiquitous membrane proteins, which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily, is unknown. We purified a functional tagged version of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae P5A ATPase Spf1p and observed that the ATP hydrolytic activity of the protein is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Furthermore, SPF1 exhibited negative genetic interactions with SAC1, encoding a PI4P phosphatase, and with OSH1 to OSH6, encoding Osh proteins, which, when energized by a PI4P gradient, drive export of sterols and lipids from the ER. Deletion of SPF1 resulted in increased sensitivity to inhibitors of sterol production, a marked change in the ergosterol/lanosterol ratio, accumulation of sterols in the plasma membrane, and cytosolic accumulation of lipid bodies. We propose that Spf1p maintains cellular sterol homeostasis by influencing the PI4P-induced and Osh-mediated export of sterols from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Mollerup Sørensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Waldal Holen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Torbøl Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helle Juel Martens
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sara Rute Costa
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rosa Laura López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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30
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Solanko LM, Sullivan DP, Sere YY, Szomek M, Lunding A, Solanko KA, Pizovic A, Stanchev LD, Pomorski TG, Menon AK, Wüstner D. Ergosterol is mainly located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the yeast plasma membrane. Traffic 2018; 19:198-214. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz M. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - David P. Sullivan
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Yves Y. Sere
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Anita Lunding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Katarzyna A. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Azra Pizovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Lyubomir D. Stanchev
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Anant K. Menon
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
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31
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Laub KR, Marek M, Stanchev LD, Herrera SA, Kanashova T, Bourmaud A, Dittmar G, Günther Pomorski T. Purification and characterisation of the yeast plasma membrane ATP binding cassette transporter Pdr11p. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184236. [PMID: 28922409 PMCID: PMC5602531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters Pdr11p and its paralog Aus1p are expressed under anaerobic growth conditions at the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and are required for sterol uptake. However, the precise mechanism by which these ABC transporters facilitate sterol movement is unknown. In this study, an overexpression and purification procedure was developed with the aim to characterise the Pdr11p transporter. Engineering of Pdr11p variants fused at the C terminus with green fluorescent protein (Pdr11p-GFP) and containing a FLAG tag at the N terminus facilitated expression analysis and one-step purification, respectively. The detergent-solubilised and purified protein displayed a stable ATPase activity with a broad pH optimum near 7.4. Mutagenesis of the conserved lysine to methionine (K788M) in the Walker A motif abolished ATP hydrolysis. Remarkably, and in contrast to Aus1p, ATPase activity of Pdr11p was insensitive to orthovanadate and not specifically stimulated by phosphatidylserine upon reconstitution into liposomes. Our results highlight distinct differences between Pdr11p and Aus1p and create an experimental basis for further biochemical studies of both ABC transporters to elucidate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Rude Laub
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Marek
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Mass spectrometry core unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adèle Bourmaud
- Proteome and Genome research laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass spectrometry core unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Proteome and Genome research laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Membrane lipids diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane but their ability to flip spontaneously across a membrane bilayer is hampered by a significant energy barrier. Thus spontaneous flip-flop of polar lipids across membranes is very slow, even though it must occur rapidly to support diverse aspects of cellular life. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which rapid flip-flop occurs, and what role lipid flipping plays in membrane homeostasis and cell growth. We focus on conceptual aspects, highlighting mechanistic insights from biochemical and in silico experiments, and the recent, ground-breaking identification of a number of lipid scramblases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany; Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Anant K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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33
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Jørgensen IL, Kemmer GC, Pomorski TG. Membrane protein reconstitution into giant unilamellar vesicles: a review on current techniques. Eur Biophys J 2016; 46:103-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Jensen MS, Costa SR, Theorin L, Christensen JP, Pomorski TG, López-Marqués RL. Application of image cytometry to characterize heterologous lipid flippases in yeast. Cytometry A 2016; 89:673-80. [PMID: 27272389 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid flippases are integral membrane proteins that play a central role in moving lipids across cellular membranes. Some of these transporters are ATPases that couple lipid translocation to ATP hydrolysis, whereas others function without any discernible metabolic energy input. A growing number of lipid flippases has been identified but key features of their activity remain to be elucidated. A well-established method to characterize ATP-driven flippases is based on their heterologous expression in yeast, followed by incubation of the cells with fluorescent lipids. Internalization of these probes is typically monitored by flow cytometry, a costly and maintenance-intensive method. Here, we have optimized a protocol to use an automated image-based cell counter to accurately measure lipid uptake by heterologous lipid flippases expressed in yeast. The method was validated by comparison with the classical flow cytometric evaluation of lipid-labeled cells. In addition, we demonstrated that expression of fluorescently tagged flippase complexes can be directly co-related with fluorescent lipid uptake using the image-based cell counter system. The method extends the number of techniques available for characterization of lipid flippase activity, and should be readily adaptable to analyze a variety of other transport systems in yeast, parasites, and mammalian cells. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Jensen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sara R Costa
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisa Theorin
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Kemmer GC, Bogh SA, Urban M, Palmgren MG, Vosch T, Schiller J, Günther Pomorski T. Lipid-conjugated fluorescent pH sensors for monitoring pH changes in reconstituted membrane systems. Analyst 2016; 140:6313-20. [PMID: 26280031 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate real-time measurements of the dynamics of proton concentration gradients are crucial for detailed molecular studies of proton translocation by membrane-bound enzymes. To reduce complexity, these measurements are often carried out with purified, reconstituted enzyme systems. Yet the most paramount problem to detect pH changes in reconstituted systems is that soluble pH reporters leak out of the vesicle system during the reconstitution procedure. This requires loading of substantial amounts of pH-sensors into the lumen of unilamellar liposomes during reconstitution. Here, we report the synthesis and detailed characterisation of two lipid-linked pH sensors employing amine-reactive forms of seminaphthorhodafluors (SNARF®-1 dye) and rhodamine probes (pHrodo™ Red dye). Lipid-conjugation of both dyes allowed for efficient detergent-based reconstitution of these pH indicators into liposomes. Vesicle-embedded pHrodo™ displayed excellent photostability and an optimal pH-response between 4 and 7. The suitability of the lipid-linked pHrodo™ probe as a pH reporter was demonstrated by assaying the activity of a plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (proton pump) reconstituted in proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdi Christine Kemmer
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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36
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Veshaguri S, Christensen SM, Kemmer GC, Ghale G, Møller MP, Lohr C, Christensen AL, Justesen BH, Jørgensen IL, Schiller J, Hatzakis NS, Grabe M, Pomorski TG, Stamou D. Direct observation of proton pumping by a eukaryotic P-type ATPase. Science 2016; 351:1469-73. [PMID: 27013734 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, P-type adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) generate the plasma membrane potential and drive secondary transport systems; however, despite their importance, their regulation remains poorly understood. We monitored at the single-molecule level the activity of the prototypic proton-pumping P-type ATPase Arabidopsis thaliana isoform 2 (AHA2). Our measurements, combined with a physical nonequilibrium model of vesicle acidification, revealed that pumping is stochastically interrupted by long-lived (~100 seconds) inactive or leaky states. Allosteric regulation by pH gradients modulated the switch between these states but not the pumping or leakage rates. The autoinhibitory regulatory domain of AHA2 reduced the intrinsic pumping rates but increased the dwell time in the active pumping state. We anticipate that similar functional dynamics underlie the operation and regulation of many other active transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Veshaguri
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune M Christensen
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerdi C Kemmer
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Garima Ghale
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads P Møller
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Lohr
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas L Christensen
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo H Justesen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Ida L Jørgensen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Grabe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bionanotecnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Veshaguri S, Christensen SM, Kemmer GC, Møller MP, Ghale G, Lohr C, Christensen AL, Justesen BH, Jørgensen IL, Schiller J, Hatzakis NS, Grabe M, Pomorski TG, Stamou D. Resolving Active Ion Transport at the Single Molecule Level for the First Time. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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38
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Lind TK, Wacklin H, Schiller J, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Pomorski TG, Cárdenas M. Formation and Characterization of Supported Lipid Bilayers Composed of Hydrogenated and Deuterated Escherichia coli Lipids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144671. [PMID: 26658241 PMCID: PMC4676697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers are widely used for sensing and deciphering biomolecular interactions with model cell membranes. In this paper, we present a method to form supported lipid bilayers from total lipid extracts of Escherichia coli by vesicle fusion. We show the validity of this method for different types of extracts including those from deuterated biomass using a combination of complementary surface sensitive techniques; quartz crystal microbalance, neutron reflection and atomic force microscopy. We find that the head group composition of the deuterated and the hydrogenated lipid extracts is similar (approximately 75% phosphatidylethanolamine, 13% phosphatidylglycerol and 12% cardiolipin) and that both samples can be used to reconstitute high-coverage supported lipid bilayers with a total thickness of 41 ± 3 Å, common for fluid membranes. The formation of supported lipid bilayers composed of natural extracts of Escherichia coli allow for following biomolecular interactions, thus advancing the field towards bacterial-specific membrane biomimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kjellerup Lind
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Spallation Source ESS AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wacklin
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Spallation Source ESS AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martine Moulin
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Life Science Group, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease—PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Malmoe University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health & Society, 20500 Malmoe, Sweden
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39
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Jagalski V, Barker RD, Thygesen MB, Gotfryd K, Krüger MB, Shi L, Maric S, Bovet N, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Pomorski TG, Loland CJ, Cárdenas M. Grafted biomembranes containing membrane proteins--the case of the leucine transporter. Soft Matter 2015; 11:7707-7711. [PMID: 26325086 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we bind the sodium dependent amino acid transporter on nitrilotriacetic acid/polyethylene glycol functionalized gold sensors in detergents and perform a detergent-lipid exchange with phosphatidylcholine. We characterize the LeuT structure in the adsorbed film by magnetic contrast neutron reflection using the predicted model from molecular dynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Jagalski
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Ziomkiewicz I, Sporring J, Pomorski TG, Schulz A. Novel approach to measure the size of plasma-membrane nanodomains in single molecule localization microscopy. Cytometry A 2015; 87:868-77. [PMID: 26109552 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many membrane proteins are not evenly distributed over the plasma membrane, but gathered in domains assumed to have a particular lipid composition. Using single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) we have immunolocalized a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor protein that labels nanodomains in a specialized plant cell type, and compared the suitability of three methods to estimate their size. As conventional methods full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the full diameter (FWMin) of domains were used. A boundary detection method of the domain area (DA) was performed in order to take irregular shapes into account. In order to compare the influence of the chosen measurement methods, we have developed a MatLab program that allows for automated analysis of domain sizes from multiple SMLM images and provides the statistics of three key features of domains: FWHM and FWMin along their long and short axes as well as the DA, derived from the molecular density. Domains formed by the GPI-anchor protein are approximating elliptical shapes. Direct and indirect immunolabeling resulted in a statistically significant difference in apparent domain size, reflecting the fact that the secondary antibody molecules extend the uncertainty along the nanodomain border. FWMin values along the long and short axis give good estimates of regular, geometrically centred domain shapes, while the DA value matches regular as well as irregular shapes best, as derived from computer-generated, irregular point clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Ziomkiewicz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Wielandt AG, Pedersen JT, Falhof J, Kemmer GC, Lund A, Ekberg K, Fuglsang AT, Pomorski TG, Buch-Pedersen MJ, Palmgren M. Specific Activation of the Plant P-type Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase by Lysophospholipids Depends on the Autoinhibitory N- and C-terminal Domains. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16281-91. [PMID: 25971968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic P-type plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases are primary active transport systems that are regulated at the post-translation level by cis-acting autoinhibitory domains, which can be relieved by protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation or binding of specific lipid species. Here we show that lysophospholipids specifically activate a plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (Arabidopsis thaliana AHA2) by a mechanism that involves both cytoplasmic terminal domains of AHA2, whereas they have no effect on the fungal counterpart (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pma1p). The activation was dependent on the glycerol backbone of the lysophospholipid and increased with acyl chain length, whereas the headgroup had little effect on activation. Activation of the plant pump by lysophospholipids did not involve the penultimate residue, Thr-947, which is known to be phosphorylated as part of a binding site for activating 14-3-3 protein, but was critically dependent on a single autoinhibitory residue (Leu-919) upstream of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain in AHA2. A corresponding residue is absent in the fungal counterpart. These data indicate that plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases evolved as specific receptors for lysophospholipids and support the hypothesis that lysophospholipids are important plant signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Green Wielandt
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Torbøl Pedersen
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Janus Falhof
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gerdi Christine Kemmer
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anette Lund
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kira Ekberg
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten Jeppe Buch-Pedersen
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- From the Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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42
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Maric S, Thygesen MB, Schiller J, Marek M, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Bogdanov M, Dowhan W, Arleth L, Pomorski TG. Biosynthetic preparation of selectively deuterated phosphatidylcholine in genetically modified Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:241-54. [PMID: 25301578 PMCID: PMC4289089 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major component of eukaryotic cell membranes and one of the most commonly used phospholipids for reconstitution of membrane proteins into carrier systems such as lipid vesicles, micelles and nanodiscs. Selectively deuterated versions of this lipid have many applications, especially in structural studies using techniques such as NMR, neutron reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering. Here we present a comprehensive study of selective deuteration of phosphatidylcholine through biosynthesis in a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli. By carefully tuning the deuteration level in E. coli growth media and varying the deuteration of supplemented carbon sources, we show that it is possible to achieve a controlled deuteration for three distinct parts of the PC lipid molecule, namely the (a) lipid head group, (b) glycerol backbone and (c) fatty acyl tail. This biosynthetic approach paves the way for the synthesis of specifically deuterated, physiologically relevant phospholipid species which remain difficult to obtain through standard chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maric
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- CARB Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Marek
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Natural Sciences & Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Natural Sciences & Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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43
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Pomorski TG, Nylander T, Cárdenas M. Model cell membranes: discerning lipid and protein contributions in shaping the cell. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:207-20. [PMID: 24268587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high complexity of biological membranes has motivated the development and application of a wide range of model membrane systems to study biochemical and biophysical aspects of membranes in situ under well defined conditions. The aim is to provide fundamental understanding of processes controlled by membrane structure, permeability and curvature as well as membrane proteins by using a wide range of biochemical, biophysical and microscopic techniques. This review gives an overview of some currently used model biomembrane systems. We will also discuss some key membrane protein properties that are relevant for protein-membrane interactions in terms of protein structure and how it is affected by membrane composition, phase behavior and curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Gettingevägen 60, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry/Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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44
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Maric S, Skar-Gislinge N, Midtgaard S, Thygesen MB, Schiller J, Frielinghaus H, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Pomorski TG, Arleth L. Stealth carriers for low-resolution structure determination of membrane proteins in solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:317-28. [PMID: 24531466 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural studies of membrane proteins remain a great experimental challenge. Functional reconstitution into artificial nanoscale bilayer disc carriers that mimic the native bilayer environment allows the handling of membrane proteins in solution. This enables the use of small-angle scattering techniques for fast and reliable structural analysis. The difficulty with this approach is that the carrier discs contribute to the measured scattering intensity in a highly nontrivial fashion, making subsequent data analysis challenging. Here, an elegant solution to circumvent the intrinsic complexity brought about by the presence of the carrier disc is presented. In combination with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and the D2O/H2O-based solvent contrast-variation method, it is demonstrated that it is possible to prepare specifically deuterated carriers that become invisible to neutrons in 100% D2O at the length scales relevant to SANS. These `stealth' carrier discs may be used as a general platform for low-resolution structural studies of membrane proteins using well established data-analysis tools originally developed for soluble proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maric
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Skar-Gislinge
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Midtgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- CARB Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Scattering, TUM FRM-2, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ruggeri F, Akesson A, Chapuis PY, Skrzynski Nielsen CA, Monopoli MP, Dawson KA, Pomorski TG, Cárdenas M. The dendrimer impact on vesicles can be tuned based on the bilayer charge and the presence of albumin. Soft Matter 2013; 9:8862-8870. [PMID: 25419553 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm50603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers are promising in biomedical applications that can interact with both the bilayer and . Here we employed giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of two different charge densities to study the effect of albumin, one of the major in blood plasma, on the interactions between PAMAM dendrimers and membranes. The results show that albumin exacerbates the effect of dendrimers on the destabilization of the vesicles in terms of leakage, aggregation and collapse in particular for negatively charged vesicles while neutrally charged membranes are not affected. We conclude that the higher affinity of both albumin and PAMAM G6 towards negatively charged membranes explains their synergistic behavior in this case. In the case of neutral vesicles, the affinity between PAMAM G6 and albumin is stronger than that between PAMAM G6 (or albumin) and neutral vesicles, and thus no synergism is observed for the mixture during the interaction with neutral membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ruggeri
- Institute of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetparken 5, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Milles S, Meyer T, Scheidt HA, Schwarzer R, Thomas L, Marek M, Szente L, Bittman R, Herrmann A, Günther Pomorski T, Huster D, Müller P. Organization of fluorescent cholesterol analogs in lipid bilayers — Lessons from cyclodextrin extraction. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2013; 1828:1822-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Justesen BH, Hansen RW, Martens HJ, Theorin L, Palmgren MG, Martinez KL, Pomorski TG, Fuglsang AT. Active plasma membrane P-type H+-ATPase reconstituted into nanodiscs is a monomer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26419-29. [PMID: 23836891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases form a subfamily of P-type ATPases responsible for pumping protons out of cells and are essential for establishing and maintaining the crucial transmembrane proton gradient in plants and fungi. Here, we report the reconstitution of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase isoform 2 into soluble nanoscale lipid bilayers, also termed nanodiscs. Based on native gel analysis and cross-linking studies, the pump inserts into nanodiscs as a functional monomer. Insertion of the H(+)-ATPase into nanodiscs has the potential to enable structural and functional characterization using techniques normally applicable only for soluble proteins.
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Murozuka E, Hanisch S, Pomorski TG, Jahn TP, Schjoerring JK. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and interaction of various Arabidopsis major intrinsic proteins expressed in yeast. Physiol Plant 2013; 148:422-31. [PMID: 23163742 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) form subgroups of plant major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that channel water as well as various small neutral molecules across the tonoplast and plasma membrane. Most MIPs are believed to form homotetramers, while some plant PIPs have been shown to form heterotetramers composed of different isoforms. This study investigated in vivo molecular interactions between different Arabidopsis TIP isoforms and between TIPs and a PIP member. The interactions were assayed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation optimized for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a heterologous expression system. Fluorescence of re-assembled Venus yellow fluorescent protein was monitored by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed strong interactions between TIP1;2, TIP2;1 and TIP3;1. Surprisingly, the three TIP isoforms also interacted with PIP2;1. The potassium channel AKT1 was used as a negative control and exhibited no interaction with any of the MIPs. The observed interactions may play a role in targeting and regulation of MIPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Murozuka
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Plant and Soil Science Section, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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Justesen BH, Laursen T, Weber G, Fuglsang AT, Møller BL, Pomorski TG. Isolation of monodisperse nanodisc-reconstituted membrane proteins using free flow electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3497-500. [PMID: 23458128 DOI: 10.1021/ac4000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Free flow electrophoresis is used for rapid and high-recovery isolation of homogeneous preparations of functionally active membrane proteins inserted into nanodiscs. The approach enables isolation of integral and membrane anchored proteins and is also applicable following introduction of, e.g., fluorescent tags. Preparative separation of membrane protein loaded nanodiscs from empty nanodiscs and protein aggregates results in monodisperse nanodisc preparations ideal for structural and functional characterization using biophysical methods.
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dos Santos MG, Muxel SM, Zampieri RA, Pomorski TG, Floeter-Winter LM. Transbilayer dynamics of phospholipids in the plasma membrane of the Leishmania genus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55604. [PMID: 23383240 PMCID: PMC3559443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoans of the Leishmania genus are the etiological agents of a wide spectrum of diseases commonly known as leishmaniases. Lipid organization of the plasma membrane of the parasite may mimic the lipid organization of mammalian apoptotic cells and play a role in phagocytosis and parasite survival in the mammal host. Here, we analyzed the phospholipid dynamics in the plasma membrane of both the L. (Leishmania) and the L. (Viannia) subgenera. We found that the activity and substrate specificity of the inward translocation machinery varied between Leishmania species. The differences in activity of inward phospholipid transport correlated with the different sensitivities of the various species towards the alkyl-phospholipid analogue miltefosine. Furthermore, all species exhibited a phospholipid scramblase activity in their plasma membranes upon stimulation with calcium ionophores. However, binding of annexin V to the parasite surface was only detected for a subpopulation of parasites during the stationary growth phase and only marginally enhanced by scramblase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Zampieri
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail: (LMF-W); (TGP)
| | - Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LMF-W); (TGP)
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