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Kelly S, Hansen SB, Rübsam H, Saake P, Pedersen EB, Gysel K, Madland E, Wu S, Wawra S, Reid D, Sullivan JT, Blahovska Z, Vinther M, Muszynski A, Azadi P, Thygesen MB, Aachmann FL, Ronson CW, Zuccaro A, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J. A glycan receptor kinase facilitates intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and symbiotic rhizobia in the legume Lotus japonicus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002127. [PMID: 37200394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors that distinguish the multitude of microbes surrounding plants in the environment enable dynamic responses to the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered. In this study, we identify and characterise a glycan receptor kinase, EPR3a, closely related to the exopolysaccharide receptor EPR3. Epr3a is up-regulated in roots colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and is able to bind glucans with a branching pattern characteristic of surface-exposed fungal glucans. Expression studies with cellular resolution show localised activation of the Epr3a promoter in cortical root cells containing arbuscules. Fungal infection and intracellular arbuscule formation are reduced in epr3a mutants. In vitro, the EPR3a ectodomain binds cell wall glucans in affinity gel electrophoresis assays. In microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays, rhizobial exopolysaccharide binding is detected with affinities comparable to those observed for EPR3, and both EPR3a and EPR3 bind a well-defined β-1,3/β-1,6 decasaccharide derived from exopolysaccharides of endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Both EPR3a and EPR3 function in the intracellular accommodation of microbes. However, contrasting expression patterns and divergent ligand affinities result in distinct functions in AM colonisation and rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. The presence of Epr3a and Epr3 genes in both eudicot and monocot plant genomes suggest a conserved function of these receptor kinases in glycan perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon B Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henriette Rübsam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Saake
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emil B Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Madland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John T Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zuzana Blahovska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Artur Muszynski
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- NOBIPOL (Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clive W Ronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Liu J, Poojary MM, Thygesen MB, Andersen ML, Lund MN. Temperature affects the kinetics but not the products of the reaction between 4-methylbenzoquinone and lysine. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112187. [PMID: 36596128 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinones are electrophilic compounds that can undergo Michael addition or Schiff base reaction with nucleophilic amines, but the effect of temperature has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to characterize how temperature affects the reaction mechanism and kinetics of 4-methylbenzoquinone (4MBQ) with lysine (Lys), Nα-acetyl Lys or Nε-acetyl Lys. The products were identified and characterized by LC-MS/MS, which revealed formation of Michael addition products, Schiff base, and a di-adduct in Lys and Nα-acetyl Lys-containing reaction mixtures. The product profiles were not affected by temperature in the range of 15-100 °C. NMR analysis proved that Michael addition of Nα-acetyl Lys occurred on the C5 position of 4MBQ. Rate constants for the reactions studied by stopped-flow UV-vis spectrophotometry under pseudo-first-order conditions where the amines were present in excess in the range 15 °C to 45 °C showed the α-amino groups of Lys are more reactive than the ε-groups. The kinetics results revealed that the temperature dependence of reaction rates followed the Arrhenius law, with activation energies in the order: Lys < Nε-acetyl Lys < Nα-acetyl Lys. Our results provide detailed knowledge about the temperature dependence of the reaction between Lys residues and quinones under conditions relevant for storage of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens L Andersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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3
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Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB, Sørensen KK, Wu S, Treiberg T, Schoffelen S. Selective Acylation of Proteins at Gly and Lys in His Tags. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200359. [PMID: 35984670 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemical modification of proteins is of great importance in chemical biology, biotechnology, and for the production of modified biopharmaceuticals, as it enables introduction of fluorophores, biotin, half-life extending moieties, and more. We have developed two methods that use poly-His sequences to direct the highly selective acylation of proteins, either at the N-terminus or at a specific Lys residue. For the former, we used an N-terminal Gly-His6 segment (Gly-His tag) that directed acylation of the N-terminal Nα -amine with 4-methoxyphenyl esters, resulting in stable conjugates. Next, we developed the peptide sequences Hisn -Lys-Hism (Lys-His tags) that direct the acylation of the designated Lys Nϵ -amine under mild conditions and with high selectivity over native Lys residues. Both the Gly-His and Lys-His tags maintain the capacity for immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. We have demonstrated the robustness of these methods by attaching different moieties such as azides, fluorophores, and biotin to different proteins, including antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kasper K Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tuule Treiberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Kofoed C, Wu S, Sørensen KK, Treiberg T, Arnsdorf J, Bjørn SP, Jensen TL, Voldborg BG, Thygesen MB, Jensen KJ, Schoffelen S. Highly Selective Lysine Acylation in Proteins Using a Lys-His Tag Sequence. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200147. [PMID: 35099088 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of proteins has numerous applications, but it has been challenging to achieve the required high degree of selectivity on lysine amino groups. Recently, we described the highly selective acylation of proteins with an N-terminal Gly-His6 segment. This tag promoted acylation of the N-terminal Nα -amine resulting in stable conjugates. Herein, we report the peptide sequences Hisn -Lys-Hism , which we term Lys-His tags. In combination with simple acylating agents, they facilitate the acylation of the designated Lys Nϵ -amine under mild conditions and with high selectivity over native Lys residues. We show that the Lys-His tags, which are 7 to 10 amino acids in length and still act as conventional His tags, can be inserted in proteins at the C-terminus or in loops, thus providing high flexibility regarding the site of modification. Finally, the selective and efficient acylation of the therapeutic antibody Rituximab, pure or mixed with other proteins, demonstrates the scope of the Lys-His tag acylation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kofoed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present address: Frick Chemistry Laboratories, Princeton University, 08544, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shunliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kasper K Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tuule Treiberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Johnny Arnsdorf
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sara P Bjørn
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tanja L Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G Voldborg
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Rathinam S, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Thygesen MB, Másson M. Chitotriazolan (poly(β(1-4)-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose)) derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118162. [PMID: 34119136 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the first synthesis of a new type of polysaccharides derived from chitosan. In these structures, the 2-amino group on the pyranose ring was quantitively replaced by an aromatic 1,2,3-triazole moiety. The 2-amino group of chitosan and di-TBDMS chitosan was converted into an azide by diazo transfer reaction. The chitosan azide and TBDMS-chitosan azide were poorly soluble but could be fully converted to triazoles by "copper-catalysed Huisgen cycloaddition" in DMF or DMSO. The reaction could be done with different alkynes but derivatives lacking cationic or anionic groups were poorly soluble or insoluble in tested aqueous and organic solvents. Derivatives with N,N-dimethylaminomethyl, N,N,N-trimethylammoniummethyl, sulfonmethyl, and phosphomethyl groups linked to the 4-position of the triazole moiety were soluble in water at neutral or basic conditions and could be analyzed by 1H, 13C APT, COSY, and HSQC NMR. The quaternized cationic chitotriazolan's had high activity against S. aureus and E. coli, whereas the anionic chitotriazolan's lacked activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Rathinam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Martha Á Hjálmarsdóttir
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hringbraut 31, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Már Másson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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6
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Küssau T, Van Wyk N, Johansen MD, Alsarraf HMAB, Neyret A, Hamela C, Sørensen KK, Thygesen MB, Beauvineau C, Kremer L, Blaise M. Functional Characterization of the N-Acetylmuramyl-l-Alanine Amidase, Ami1, from Mycobacterium abscessus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112410. [PMID: 33158165 PMCID: PMC7694207 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is made of a polymer of disaccharides organized as a three-dimensional mesh-like network connected together by peptidic cross-links. PG is a dynamic structure that is essential for resistance to environmental stressors. Remodeling of PG occurs throughout the bacterial life cycle, particularly during bacterial division and separation into daughter cells. Numerous autolysins with various substrate specificities participate in PG remodeling. Expression of these enzymes must be tightly regulated, as an excess of hydrolytic activity can be detrimental for the bacteria. In non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus, the function of PG-modifying enzymes has been poorly investigated. In this study, we characterized the function of the PG amidase, Ami1 from M. abscessus. An ami1 deletion mutant was generated and the phenotypes of the mutant were evaluated with respect to susceptibility to antibiotics and virulence in human macrophages and zebrafish. The capacity of purified Ami1 to hydrolyze muramyl-dipeptide was demonstrated in vitro. In addition, the screening of a 9200 compounds library led to the selection of three compounds inhibiting Ami1 in vitro. We also report the structural characterization of Ami1 which, combined with in silico docking studies, allows us to propose a mode of action for these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Küssau
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Niël Van Wyk
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Husam M. A. B. Alsarraf
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aymeric Neyret
- CEMIPAI CNRS UM UMS3725, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Claire Hamela
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Kasper K. Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.S.); (M.B.T.)
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.S.); (M.B.T.)
| | - Claire Beauvineau
- Chemical Library Institut Curie/CNRS, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1193, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
- INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +33-(0)-434-359-447 (L.K. & M.B.)
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (N.V.W.); (M.D.J.); (H.M.A.B.A.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +33-(0)-434-359-447 (L.K. & M.B.)
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7
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Bozsoki Z, Gysel K, Hansen SB, Lironi D, Krönauer C, Feng F, de Jong N, Vinther M, Kamble M, Thygesen MB, Engholm E, Kofoed C, Fort S, Sullivan JT, Ronson CW, Jensen KJ, Blaise M, Oldroyd G, Stougaard J, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S. Ligand-recognizing motifs in plant LysM
receptors are major determinants of
specificity. Science 2020; 369:663-670. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved lysine motif (LysM)
receptors to recognize and parse microbial
elicitors and drive intracellular signaling to
limit or facilitate microbial colonization. We
investigated how chitin and nodulation (Nod)
factor receptors of Lotus
japonicus initiate differential
signaling of immunity or root nodule symbiosis.
Two motifs in the LysM1 domains of these receptors
determine specific recognition of ligands and
discriminate between their in planta functions.
These motifs define the ligand-binding site and
make up the most structurally divergent regions in
cognate Nod factor receptors. An adjacent motif
modulates the specificity for Nod factor
recognition and determines the selection of
compatible rhizobial symbionts in legumes. We also
identified how binding specificities in LysM
receptors can be altered to facilitate Nod factor
recognition and signaling from a chitin receptor,
advancing the prospects of engineering rhizobial
symbiosis into nonlegumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Bozsoki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon B. Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Damiano Lironi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christina Krönauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Feng Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Noor de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manoj Kamble
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Engholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian Kofoed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John T. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Clive W. Ronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giles Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Feng F, Sun J, Radhakrishnan GV, Lee T, Bozsóki Z, Fort S, Gavrin A, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Oldroyd GED. A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5047. [PMID: 31695035 PMCID: PMC6834629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jongho Sun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Guru V Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Zoltán Bozsóki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aleksander Gavrin
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1871 C, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
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9
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Malolepszy A, Kelly S, Sørensen KK, James EK, Kalisch C, Bozsoki Z, Panting M, Andersen SU, Sato S, Tao K, Jensen DB, Vinther M, Jong ND, Madsen LH, Umehara Y, Gysel K, Berentsen MU, Blaise M, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB, Sandal N, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S. A plant chitinase controls cortical infection thread progression and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. eLife 2018; 7:38874. [PMID: 30284535 PMCID: PMC6192697 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogens provide positional information and their concentration is key to the organized development of multicellular organisms. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules are unique organs induced by Nod factor-producing bacteria. Localized production of Nod factors establishes a developmental field within the root where plant cells are reprogrammed to form infection threads and primordia. We found that regulation of Nod factor levels by Lotus japonicus is required for the formation of nitrogen-fixing organs, determining the fate of this induced developmental program. Our analysis of plant and bacterial mutants shows that a host chitinase modulates Nod factor levels possibly in a structure-dependent manner. In Lotus, this is required for maintaining Nod factor signalling in parallel with the elongation of infection threads within the nodule cortex, while root hair infection and primordia formation are not influenced. Our study shows that infected nodules require balanced levels of Nod factors for completing their transition to functional, nitrogen-fixing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malolepszy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Christina Kalisch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Bozsoki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Panting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Bødker Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noor de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Heegaard Madsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette U Berentsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Knud Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Hjuler CT, Sørensen KK, Thygesen MB, Rasmussen JE, Villadsen K, Midtgaard SR, Kol S, Schoffelen S, Jensen KJ. Selective N-terminal acylation of peptides and proteins with a Gly-His tag sequence. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3307. [PMID: 30120230 PMCID: PMC6098153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for site-selective chemistry on proteins are in high demand for the synthesis of chemically modified biopharmaceuticals, as well as for applications in chemical biology, biosensors and more. Inadvertent N-terminal gluconoylation has been reported during expression of proteins with an N-terminal His tag. Here we report the development of this side-reaction into a general method for highly selective N-terminal acylation of proteins to introduce functional groups. We identify an optimized N-terminal sequence, GHHHn- for the reaction with gluconolactone and 4-methoxyphenyl esters as acylating agents, facilitating the introduction of functionalities in a highly selective and efficient manner. Azides, biotin or a fluorophore are introduced at the N-termini of four unrelated proteins by effective and selective acylation with the 4-methoxyphenyl esters. This Gly-Hisn tag adds the unique capability for highly selective N-terminal chemical acylation of expressed proteins. We anticipate that it can find wide application in chemical biology and for biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel C Martos-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian T Hjuler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kasper K Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob E Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Villadsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren R Midtgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kol
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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11
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Muszyński A, Heiss C, Hjuler CT, Sullivan JT, Kelly SJ, Thygesen MB, Stougaard J, Azadi P, Carlson RW, Ronson CW. Structures of exopolysaccharides involved in receptor-mediated perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5376. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac118.002877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Østergaard M, Christensen NJ, Hjuler CT, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB. Glycoconjugate Oxime Formation Catalyzed at Neutral pH: Mechanistic Insights and Applications of 1,4-Diaminobenzene as a Superior Catalyst for Complex Carbohydrates. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1219-1230. [PMID: 29437382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of unprotected carbohydrates with aminooxy reagents to provide oximes is a key method for the construction of glycoconjugates. Aniline and derivatives serve as organocatalysts for the formation of oximes from simple aldehydes, and we have previously reported that aniline also catalyzes the formation of oximes from the more complex aldehydes, carbohydrates. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the effect of aniline analogues on the formation of carbohydrate oximes and related glycoconjugates depending on organocatalyst structure, pH, nucleophile, and carbohydrate, covering more than 150 different reaction conditions. The observed superiority of the 1,4-diaminobenzene (PDA) catalyst at neutral pH is rationalized by NMR analyses and DFT studies of reaction intermediates. Carbohydrate oxime formation at pH 7 is demonstrated by the formation of a bioactive glycoconjugate from a labile, decorated octasaccharide originating from exopolysaccharides of the soil bacterium Mesorhizobium loti. This study of glycoconjugate formation includes the first direct comparison of aniline-catalyzed reaction rates and equilibrium constants for different classes of nucleophiles, including primary oxyamines, secondary N-alkyl oxyamines, as well as aryl and arylsulfonyl hydrazides. We identified 1,4-diaminobenzene as a superior catalyst for the construction of oxime-linked glycoconjugates under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , DK-1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , DK-1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Christian T Hjuler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , DK-1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , DK-1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , DK-1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
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13
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Hjuler CT, Maolanon NN, Sauer J, Stougaard J, Thygesen MB, Jensen KJ. Preparation of glycoconjugates from unprotected carbohydrates for protein-binding studies. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2411-2422. [PMID: 29072708 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycobiology, in particular the study of carbohydrate-protein interactions and the events that follow, has become an important research focus in recent decades. To study these interactions, many assays require homogeneous glycoconjugates in suitable amounts. Their synthesis is one of the methodological challenges of glycobiology. Here, we describe a versatile, three-stage protocol for the formation of glycoconjugates from unprotected carbohydrates, including those purified from natural sources, as exemplified here by rhizobial Nod factors and exopolysaccharide fragments. The first stage is to add an oligo(ethylene glycol) linker (OEG-linker) that has a terminal triphenylmethanethiol group to the reducing end of the oligosaccharide by oxime formation catalyzed by aniline. The triphenylmethyl (trityl) tag is then removed from the linker to expose a thiol (stage 2) to allow a conjugation reaction at the thiol group (stage 3). There are many possible conjugation reactions, depending on the desired application. Examples shown in this protocol are as follows: (i) coupling of the oligosaccharide to a support for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies, (ii) fluorescence labeling for microscale thermophoresis (MST) or bioimaging, and (iii) biotinylation for biolayer interferometry (BLI) studies. This protocol starts from unprotected carbohydrates and provides glycoconjugates in milligram amounts in just 2 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Hjuler
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicolai N Maolanon
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Sauer
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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14
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Bech EM, Martos-Maldonado MC, Wismann P, Sørensen KK, van Witteloostuijn SB, Thygesen MB, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Pedersen SL, Jensen KJ. Peptide Half-Life Extension: Divalent, Small-Molecule Albumin Interactions Direct the Systemic Properties of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Analogues. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7434-7446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esben M. Bech
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
- Gubra Aps, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kasper K. Sørensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
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15
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Villadsen K, Martos-Maldonado MC, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB. Inside Cover: Chemoselective Reactions for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates from Unprotected Carbohydrates (ChemBioChem 7/2017). Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Villadsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Manuel C. Martos-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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16
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Villadsen K, Martos-Maldonado MC, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB. Chemoselective Reactions for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates from Unprotected Carbohydrates. Chembiochem 2017; 18:574-612. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Villadsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Manuel C. Martos-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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17
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van Witteloostuijn SB, Mannerstedt K, Wismann P, Bech EM, Thygesen MB, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Jensen KJ, Pedersen SL. Neoglycolipids for Prolonging the Effects of Peptides: Self-Assembling Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogues with Albumin Binding Properties and Potent in Vivo Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:193-205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren B. van Witteloostuijn
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille Wismann
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Esben M. Bech
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
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18
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Muszyński A, Heiss C, Hjuler CT, Sullivan JT, Kelly SJ, Thygesen MB, Stougaard J, Azadi P, Carlson RW, Ronson CW. Structures of Exopolysaccharides Involved in Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20946-20961. [PMID: 27502279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Muszyński
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,
| | - Christian Heiss
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Christian T Hjuler
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - John T Sullivan
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Simon J Kelly
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Russell W Carlson
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Clive W Ronson
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand,
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Stuhr-Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology Section; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Jacob Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology Section; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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20
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Jagalski V, Barker RD, Thygesen MB, Gotfryd K, Krüger MB, Shi L, Maric S, Bovet N, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Pomorski TG, Loland CJ, Cárdenas M. Grafted biomembranes containing membrane proteins--the case of the leucine transporter. Soft Matter 2015; 11:7707-7711. [PMID: 26325086 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we bind the sodium dependent amino acid transporter on nitrilotriacetic acid/polyethylene glycol functionalized gold sensors in detergents and perform a detergent-lipid exchange with phosphatidylcholine. We characterize the LeuT structure in the adsorbed film by magnetic contrast neutron reflection using the predicted model from molecular dynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Jagalski
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Sahariah P, Sørensen KK, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Sigurjónsson ÓE, Jensen KJ, Másson M, Thygesen MB. Antimicrobial peptide shows enhanced activity and reduced toxicity upon grafting to chitosan polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11611-4. [PMID: 26096124 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report that grafting of a short antimicrobial peptide, anoplin, to chitosan polymers is a strategy for abolishing the hemolytic propensity, and at the same time increasing the activity of the parent peptide. Anoplin-chitosan conjugates were synthesized by CuAAC reaction of multiple peptides through 2-azidoacetyl groups on chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahariah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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22
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Sahariah P, Benediktssdóttir BE, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Sigurjonsson OE, Sørensen KK, Thygesen MB, Jensen KJ, Másson M. Impact of Chain Length on Antibacterial Activity and Hemocompatibility of Quaternary N-Alkyl and N,N-Dialkyl Chitosan Derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1449-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahariah
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berglind E. Benediktssdóttir
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martha Á. Hjálmarsdóttir
- Department
of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Stapi, Hringbraut 31, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The
REModeL Lab, The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Institute
of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur
1, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kasper K. Sørensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition
and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Fredriksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition
and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Fredriksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition
and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Fredriksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Már Másson
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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23
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Wong JEMM, Midtgaard SR, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Sørensen KK, Jensen KJ, Stougaard J, Thirup S, Blaise M. An intermolecular binding mechanism involving multiple LysM domains mediates carbohydrate recognition by an endopeptidase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2015; 71:592-605. [PMID: 25760608 PMCID: PMC4356369 DOI: 10.1107/s139900471402793x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
LysM domains, which are frequently present as repetitive entities in both bacterial and plant proteins, are known to interact with carbohydrates containing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties, such as chitin and peptidoglycan. In bacteria, the functional significance of the involvement of multiple LysM domains in substrate binding has so far lacked support from high-resolution structures of ligand-bound complexes. Here, a structural study of the Thermus thermophilus NlpC/P60 endopeptidase containing two LysM domains is presented. The crystal structure and small-angle X-ray scattering solution studies of this endopeptidase revealed the presence of a homodimer. The structure of the two LysM domains co-crystallized with N-acetyl-chitohexaose revealed a new intermolecular binding mode that may explain the differential interaction between LysM domains and short or long chitin oligomers. By combining the structural information with the three-dimensional model of peptidoglycan, a model suggesting how protein dimerization enhances the recognition of peptidoglycan is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaslyn E. M. M. Wong
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Roi Midtgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kira Gysel
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kasper K. Sørensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Thirup
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Maric S, Thygesen MB, Schiller J, Marek M, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Bogdanov M, Dowhan W, Arleth L, Pomorski TG. Biosynthetic preparation of selectively deuterated phosphatidylcholine in genetically modified Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:241-54. [PMID: 25301578 PMCID: PMC4289089 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major component of eukaryotic cell membranes and one of the most commonly used phospholipids for reconstitution of membrane proteins into carrier systems such as lipid vesicles, micelles and nanodiscs. Selectively deuterated versions of this lipid have many applications, especially in structural studies using techniques such as NMR, neutron reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering. Here we present a comprehensive study of selective deuteration of phosphatidylcholine through biosynthesis in a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli. By carefully tuning the deuteration level in E. coli growth media and varying the deuteration of supplemented carbon sources, we show that it is possible to achieve a controlled deuteration for three distinct parts of the PC lipid molecule, namely the (a) lipid head group, (b) glycerol backbone and (c) fatty acyl tail. This biosynthetic approach paves the way for the synthesis of specifically deuterated, physiologically relevant phospholipid species which remain difficult to obtain through standard chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maric
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- CARB Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Marek
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Natural Sciences & Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, CEDEX 9, BP156, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Natural Sciences & Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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25
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Weber T, Chandrasekaran V, Stamer I, Thygesen MB, Terfort A, Lindhorst TK. Cover Picture: Switching of Bacterial Adhesion to a Glycosylated Surface by Reversible Reorientation of the Carbohydrate Ligand (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52/2014). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Weber T, Chandrasekaran V, Stamer I, Thygesen MB, Terfort A, Lindhorst TK. Titelbild: Schaltung bakterieller Adhäsion auf glycosylierten Oberflächen durch reversible Reorientierung der Kohlenhydratliganden (Angew. Chem. 52/2014). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Weber T, Chandrasekaran V, Stamer I, Thygesen MB, Terfort A, Lindhorst TK. Schaltung bakterieller Adhäsion auf glycosylierten Oberflächen durch reversible Reorientierung der Kohlenhydratliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Maric S, Skar-Gislinge N, Midtgaard S, Thygesen MB, Schiller J, Frielinghaus H, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Pomorski TG, Arleth L. Stealth carriers for low-resolution structure determination of membrane proteins in solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:317-28. [PMID: 24531466 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural studies of membrane proteins remain a great experimental challenge. Functional reconstitution into artificial nanoscale bilayer disc carriers that mimic the native bilayer environment allows the handling of membrane proteins in solution. This enables the use of small-angle scattering techniques for fast and reliable structural analysis. The difficulty with this approach is that the carrier discs contribute to the measured scattering intensity in a highly nontrivial fashion, making subsequent data analysis challenging. Here, an elegant solution to circumvent the intrinsic complexity brought about by the presence of the carrier disc is presented. In combination with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and the D2O/H2O-based solvent contrast-variation method, it is demonstrated that it is possible to prepare specifically deuterated carriers that become invisible to neutrons in 100% D2O at the length scales relevant to SANS. These `stealth' carrier discs may be used as a general platform for low-resolution structural studies of membrane proteins using well established data-analysis tools originally developed for soluble proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maric
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Skar-Gislinge
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Midtgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- CARB Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Scattering, TUM FRM-2, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Maolanon NN, Blaise M, Sørensen KK, Thygesen MB, Cló E, Sullivan JT, Ronson CW, Stougaard J, Blixt O, Jensen KJ. Lipochitin oligosaccharides immobilized through oximes in glycan microarrays bind LysM proteins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:425-34. [PMID: 24436194 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have emerged as novel tools to study carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here we describe the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use in studying proteins containing LysM domains. The glycan microarray was assembled from glycoconjugates that were synthesized by using recently developed bifunctional chemoselective aminooxy reagents without the need for transient carbohydrate protecting groups. We describe for the first time the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use for studying proteins containing LysM domains. Lipochitin oligosaccharides (also referred to as Nod factors) were isolated from bacterial strains or chemoenzymatically synthesized. The glycan microarray also included peptidoglycan-related compounds, as well as chitin oligosaccharides of different lengths. In total, 30 ligands were treated with the aminooxy linker molecule. The identity of the glycoconjugates was verified by mass spectrometry, and they were then immobilized on the array. The presence of the glycoconjugates on the array surface was confirmed by use of lectins and human sera (IgG binding). The functionality of our array was tested with a bacterial LysM domain-containing protein, autolysin p60, which is known to act on the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. P60 showed specific binding to Nod factors and to chitin oligosaccharides. Increasing affinity was observed with increasing chitin oligomer length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N Maolanon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark); Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark)
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30
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Thygesen MB, Jensen KJ, Vargas-Berenguel A. Gold-Ferrocene Glyco-Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Electrochemical Detection of Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 14/2013). European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201390036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Sauer J, Abou Hachem M, Svensson B, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB. Kinetic analysis of inhibition of glucoamylase and active site mutants via chemoselective oxime immobilization of acarbose on SPR chip surfaces. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:21-8. [PMID: 23680647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We here report a quantitative study on the binding kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme glucoamylase and how individual active site amino acid mutations influence kinetics. To address this challenge, we have developed a fast and efficient method for anchoring native acarbose to gold chip surfaces for surface plasmon resonance studies employing wild type glucoamylase and active site mutants, Y175F, E180Q, and R54L, as analytes. The key method was the chemoselective and protecting group-free oxime functionalization of the pseudo-tetrasaccharide-based inhibitor acarbose. By using this technique we have shown that at pH 7.0 the association and dissociation rate constants for the acarbose-glucoamylase interaction are 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) and 10(3)s(-1), respectively, and that the conformational change to a tight enzyme-inhibitor complex affects the dissociation rate constant by a factor of 10(2)s(-1). Additionally, the acarbose-presenting SPR surfaces could be used as a glucoamylase sensor that allowed rapid, label-free affinity screening of small carbohydrate-based inhibitors in solution, which is otherwise difficult with immobilized enzymes or other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Sauer
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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32
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Thygesen MB, Jensen KJ, Vargas-Berenguel A. Gold-Ferrocene Glyco-Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Electrochemical Detection of Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Thygesen MB, Munch H, Sauer J, Cló E, Jørgensen MR, Hindsgaul O, Jensen KJ. Nucleophilic Catalysis of Carbohydrate Oxime Formation by Anilines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1752-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902425v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel B. Thygesen
- IGM -Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Munch
- IGM -Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Sauer
- IGM -Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling
| | - Emiliano Cló
- IGM -Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- IGM -Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling
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34
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Bek AS, Sauer J, Thygesen MB, Duus JØ, Petersen BO, Thirup S, James E, Jensen KJ, Stougaard J, Radutoiu S. Improved characterization of nod factors and genetically based variation in LysM Receptor domains identify amino acids expendable for nod factor recognition in Lotus spp. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23:58-66. [PMID: 19958139 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-1-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation of functional nodules is a complex process depending on host-microsymbiont compatibility in all developmental stages. This report uses the contrasting symbiotic phenotypes of Lotus japonicus and L. pedunculatus, inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti or the Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus), to investigate the role of Nod factor structure and Nod factor receptors (NFR) for rhizobial recognition, infection thread progression, and bacterial persistence within nodule cells. A key contribution was the use of 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for Nod factor analysis. The Nod factor decorations at the nonreducing end differ between Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) and M. loti, and the NFR1/NFR5 extracellular regions of L. pedunculatus and L. japonicus were found to vary in amino acid composition. Genetic transformation experiments using chimeric and wild-type receptors showed that both receptor variants recognize the structurally different Nod factors but the later symbiotic phenotype remained unchanged. These results highlight the importance of additional checkpoints during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and define several amino acids in the LysM domains as expendable for perception of the two differentially carbamoylated Nod factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Bek
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
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35
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Schlienger N, Lund BW, Pawlas J, Badalassi F, Bertozzi F, Lewinsky R, Fejzic A, Thygesen MB, Tabatabaei A, Bradley SR, Gardell LR, Piu F, Olsson R. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7186-91. [PMID: 19856921 DOI: 10.1021/jm901149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of ACP-105 (1), a novel and potent nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with partial agonist activity relative to the natural androgen testosterone. Compound 1 was developed from a series of compounds found in a HTS screen using the receptor selection and amplification technology (R-SAT). In vivo, 1 improved anabolic parameters in a 2-week chronic study in castrated male rats. In addition to compound 1, a number of potent antiandrogens were discovered from the same series of compounds whereof one compound, 13, had antagonist activity at the AR T877A mutant involved in prostate cancer.
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36
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Thygesen MB, Sørensen KK, Cló E, Jensen KJ. Direct chemoselective synthesis of glyconanoparticles from unprotected reducing glycans and glycopeptide aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6367-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b911676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Larsen K, Thygesen MB, Guillaumie F, Willats WGT, Jensen KJ. Solid-phase chemical tools for glycobiology. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1209-34. [PMID: 16716275 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Techniques involving solid supports have played crucial roles in the development of genomics, proteomics, and in molecular biology in general. Similarly, methods for immobilization or attachment to surfaces and resins have become ubiquitous in sequencing, synthesis, analysis, and screening of oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins. However, solid-phase tools have been employed to a much lesser extent in glycobiology and glycomics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of solid-phase chemical tools for glycobiology including methodologies and applications. We provide a broad perspective of different approaches, including some well-established ones, such as immobilization in microtiter plates and to cross-linked polymers. Emerging areas such as glycan microarrays and glycan sequencing, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles for nanobioscience applications are also discussed. The applications reviewed here include enzymology, immunology, elucidation of biosynthesis, and systems biology, as well as first steps toward solid-supported sequencing. From these methods and applications emerge a general vision for the use of solid-phase chemical tools in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Larsen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Section for Bioorganic Chemistry, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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38
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Vanover KE, Weiner DM, Makhay M, Veinbergs I, Gardell LR, Lameh J, Del Tredici AL, Piu F, Schiffer HH, Ott TR, Burstein ES, Uldam AK, Thygesen MB, Schlienger N, Andersson CM, Son TY, Harvey SC, Powell SB, Geyer MA, Tolf BR, Brann MR, Davis RE. Pharmacological and Behavioral Profile of N-(4-Fluorophenylmethyl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-N′-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl) Carbamide (2R,3R)-Dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) (ACP-103), a Novel 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A Receptor Inverse Agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317:910-8. [PMID: 16469866 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.097006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of N-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl)carbamide (2R,3R)-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) (ACP-103) are presented. A potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptor inverse agonist ACP-103 competitively antagonized the binding of [(3)H]ketanserin to heterologously expressed human 5-HT(2A) receptors with a mean pK(i) of 9.3 in membranes and 9.70 in whole cells. ACP-103 displayed potent inverse agonist activity in the cell-based functional assay receptor selection and amplification technology (R-SAT), with a mean pIC(50) of 8.7. ACP-103 demonstrated lesser affinity (mean pK(i) of 8.80 in membranes and 8.00 in whole cells, as determined by radioligand binding) and potency as an inverse agonist (mean pIC(50) 7.1 in R-SAT) at human 5-HT(2C) receptors, and lacked affinity and functional activity at 5-HT(2B) receptors, dopamine D(2) receptors, and other human monoaminergic receptors. Behaviorally, ACP-103 attenuated head-twitch behavior (3 mg/kg p.o.), and prepulse inhibition deficits (1-10 mg/kg s.c.) induced by the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride in rats and reduced the hyperactivity induced in mice by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor noncompetitive antagonist 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (dizocilpine maleate; MK-801) (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg s.c.; 3 mg/kg p.o.), consistent with a 5-HT(2A) receptor mechanism of action in vivo and antipsychotic-like efficacy. ACP-103 demonstrated >42.6% oral bioavailability in rats. Thus, ACP-103 is a potent, efficacious, orally active 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist with a behavioral pharmacological profile consistent with utility as an antipsychotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Vanover
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Grathe S, Thygesen MB, Larsen K, Petersen L, Jensen KJ. Glucosamine derived DISAL donors for stereoselective glycosylations under neutral conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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