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Jensen VFH, Schefe LH, Jacobsen H, Mølck AM, Almholt K, Sjögren I, Dalsgaard CM, Kirk RK, Benie AJ, Petersen BO, Kyhn MS, Overgaard AJ, Bjørnsdottir I, Stannard DR, Offenberg HK, Egecioglu E. Normal Neurodevelopment and Fertility in Juvenile Male Rats Exposed to Polyethylene Glycol Following Dosing With PEGylated rFIX (Nonacog Beta Pegol, N9-GP): Evidence from a 10-Week Repeat-Dose Toxicity Study. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:455-475. [DOI: 10.1177/10915818221121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N9-GP/Rebinyn®/Refixia® is an approved PEGylated (polyethylene glycol-conjugated) recombinant human factor IX intended for prophylactic and/or on-demand treatment in adults and children with haemophilia B. A juvenile neurotoxicity study was conducted in male rats to evaluate effects on neurodevelopment, sexual maturation, and fertility following repeat-dosing of N9-GP. Male rats were dosed twice weekly from Day 21 of age with N9-GP or vehicle for 10 weeks, followed by a dosing-free recovery period for 13 weeks and terminated throughout the dosing and recovery periods. Overall, dosing N9-GP to juvenile rats did not result in any functional or pathological effects, as measured by neurobehavioural/neurocognitive tests, including motor activity, sensory function, learning and memory as well as growth, sexual maturation, and fertility. This was further supported by the extensive histopathologic evaluation of brain tissue. Exposure and distribution of polyethylene glycol was investigated in plasma, choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain sections. PEG did not cross the blood brain barrier and PEG exposure did not result in any effects on neurodevelopment. In conclusion, dosing of N9-GP to juvenile rats did not identify any effects on growth, sexual maturation and fertility, clinical and histological pathology, or neurodevelopment related to PEG exposure and supports the prophylactic use of N9-GP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi F. H. Jensen
- Department of Safety Sciences & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Line H. Schefe
- Department of DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics) and Non-clinical Project Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Helene Jacobsen
- Department of DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics) and Non-clinical Project Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Mølck
- Department of Safety Sciences & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kasper Almholt
- Department of Safety Sciences & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Sjögren
- Department of Safety Sciences & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke K Kirk
- Department of Safety Sciences & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Andrew J. Benie
- Department of Biophysics & Formulation 1, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Bent O. Petersen
- Department of Biophysics & Formulation 1, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Mette S. Kyhn
- Department of Non-clinical and Clinical Assay Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anne J. Overgaard
- Department of Non-clinical and Clinical Assay Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Inga Bjørnsdottir
- Department of DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics) and Non-clinical Project Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne K. Offenberg
- Department of DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics) and Non-clinical Project Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Emil Egecioglu
- Department of DMPK (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics) and Non-clinical Project Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Hjorth CF, Norrman M, Wahlund PO, Benie AJ, Petersen BO, Jessen CM, Pedersen TÅ, Vestergaard K, Steensgaard DB, Pedersen JS, Naver H, Hubálek F, Poulsen C, Otzen D. Structure, Aggregation, and Activity of a Covalent Insulin Dimer Formed During Storage of Neutral Formulation of Human Insulin. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1376-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wilkens C, Andersen S, Petersen BO, Li A, Busse-Wicher M, Birch J, Cockburn D, Nakai H, Christensen HEM, Kragelund BB, Dupree P, McCleary B, Hindsgaul O, Hachem MA, Svensson B. An efficient arabinoxylan-debranching α-l-arabinofuranosidase of family GH62 from Aspergillus nidulans contains a secondary carbohydrate binding site. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6265-6277. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Frederiksen RF, Yoshimura Y, Storgaard BG, Paspaliari DK, Petersen BO, Chen K, Larsen T, Duus JØ, Ingmer H, Bovin NV, Westerlind U, Blixt O, Palcic MM, Leisner JJ. A diverse range of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases hydrolyzes the LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) and LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc) motifs found on vertebrate and insect cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5354-66. [PMID: 25561735 PMCID: PMC4342453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that chitinases have additional functions beyond degrading environmental chitin, such as involvement in innate and acquired immune responses, tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and serving as virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. We have recently shown that both the human chitotriosidase and a chitinase from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium hydrolyze LacNAc from Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-tetramethylrhodamine (LacNAc-TMR (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ(CH2)8CONH(CH2)2NHCO-TMR)), a fluorescently labeled model substrate for glycans found in mammals. In this study we have examined the binding affinities of the Salmonella chitinase by carbohydrate microarray screening and found that it binds to a range of compounds, including five that contain LacNAc structures. We have further examined the hydrolytic specificity of this enzyme and chitinases from Sodalis glossinidius and Polysphondylium pallidum, which are phylogenetically related to the Salmonella chitinase, as well as unrelated chitinases from Listeria monocytogenes using the fluorescently labeled substrate analogs LacdiNAc-TMR (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ-TMR), LacNAc-TMR, and LacNAcβ1-6LacNAcβ-TMR. We found that all chitinases examined hydrolyzed LacdiNAc from the TMR aglycone to various degrees, whereas they were less active toward LacNAc-TMR conjugates. LacdiNAc is found in the mammalian glycome and is a common motif in invertebrate glycans. This substrate specificity was evident for chitinases of different phylogenetic origins. Three of the chitinases also hydrolyzed the β1-6 bond in LacNAcβ1-6LacNAcβ-TMR, an activity that is of potential importance in relation to mammalian glycans. The enzymatic affinities for these mammalian-like structures suggest additional functional roles of chitinases beyond chitin hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki F Frederiksen
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Yayoi Yoshimura
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Birgit G Storgaard
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Dafni K Paspaliari
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Bent O Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Kowa Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Kbh. N., Denmark
| | - Tanja Larsen
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Jens Ø Duus
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moskow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V., ISAS-Leibnitz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, and
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 6:4:T422, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monica M Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jørgen J Leisner
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark,
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Petersen BO, Motawie MS, Møller BL, Hindsgaul O, Meier S. NMR characterization of chemically synthesized branched α-dextrin model compounds. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Petersen BO, Skovsted IC, Paulsen BS, Redondo AR, Meier S. Structural determination of Streptococcus pneumoniae repeat units in serotype 41A and 41F capsular polysaccharides to probe gene functions in the corresponding capsular biosynthetic loci. Carbohydr Res 2014; 400:26-32. [PMID: 25457607 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the repeating unit structures of the native capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 41A and 41F. Structural determinations yielded six carbohydrate units in the doubly branched repeating unit to give the following structure for serotype 41A: The structure determinations were motivated (1) by an ambition to help close the remaining gaps in S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide structures, and (2) by the attempt to derive functional annotations of carbohydrate active enzymes in the biosynthesis of bacterial polysaccharides from the determined structures. An activity present in 41F but not 41A is identified as an acetyltransferase acting on the rhamnopyranosyl sidechain E. The genes encoding the formation of the six glycosidic bonds in serogroup 41 were determined from the capsular polysaccharide structures of serotype 41A, 41F, and genetically related serotypes, in conjunction with corresponding genomic information and computational homology searches. In combination with complementary information, NMR spectroscopy considerably simplifies the functional annotation of carbohydrate active enzymes in the biosynthesis of bacterial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian C Skovsted
- Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | | | - Antonio R Redondo
- Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Petersen BO, Meier S, Paulsen BS, Redondo AR, Skovsted IC. Determination of native capsular polysaccharide structures of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 39, 42, and 47F and comparison to genetically or serologically related strains. Carbohydr Res 2014; 395:38-46. [PMID: 25036733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of capsular polysaccharides of the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to at least 91 different serotypes. While the genetic loci for capsular biosynthesis have been characterized for all serotypes, the determination of resultant polysaccharide structures remains incomplete. Here, we report the chemical structures of the capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 39, 42, and 47F from the genetic cluster 4, and discuss the structures in the context of structures from serologically and genetically related serotypes. Antigenic determinants can be approximated in this manner. The structure of the serotype 39 capsular polysaccharide is [formula: see text] and has identical composition to the capsular polysaccharide 10A, but two different linkages. The serotype 42 structure [formula: see text] closely resembles the genetically related serotype 35A, which does not contain residue A. The structure of the serotype 47F capsular polysaccharide [formula: see text] is somewhat different from a recently determined structure from the same serogroup, while containing a structural motif that is reflected in serotype 35A and 42 capsular polysaccharide structures, thus explaining the cross-reactivity of serotype 47F with the typing serum 35a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent O Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark; Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark.
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Antonio R Redondo
- Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ian C Skovsted
- Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
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Petersen BO, Nilsson M, Bøjstrup M, Hindsgaul O, Meier S. 1H NMR spectroscopy for profiling complex carbohydrate mixtures in non-fractionated beer. Food Chem 2014; 150:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Petersen BO, Hindsgaul O, Paulsen BS, Redondo AR, Skovsted IC. Structural elucidation of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 47A by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2014; 386:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Beeren SR, Petersen BO, Bøjstrup M, Hindsgaul O, Meier S. Time-Resolved in-Situ Observation of Starch Polysaccharide Degradation Pathways. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2506-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bøjstrup M, Petersen BO, Beeren SR, Hindsgaul O, Meier S. Fast and Accurate Quantitation of Glucans in Complex Mixtures by Optimized Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8802-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401980m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bøjstrup
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle
Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Bent O. Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle
Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Sophie R. Beeren
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle
Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle
Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle
Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Petersen BO, Sára M, Mader C, Mayer HF, Sleytr UB, Pabst M, Puchberger M, Krause E, Hofinger A, Duus JØ, Kosma P. Corrigendum to “Structural characterization of the acid-degraded secondary cell wall polymer of Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2” [Carbohydr. Res. 343 (2008) 1346–1358]. Carbohydr Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Petersen BO, Olsen O, Beeren SR, Hindsgaul O, Meier S. Monitoring pathways of β-glucan degradation by enzyme mixtures in situ. Carbohydr Res 2013; 368:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vigsnaes LK, Nakai H, Hemmingsen L, Andersen JM, Lahtinen SJ, Rasmussen LE, Hachem MA, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Meyer AS, Licht TR, Svensson B. In vitro growth of four individual human gut bacteria on oligosaccharides produced by chemoenzymatic synthesis. Food Funct 2013; 4:784-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Petersen BO, Meier S, Duus JØ. NMR assignment of structural motifs in intact β-limit dextrin and its α-amylase degradation products in situ. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Austarheim I, Christensen BE, Hegna IK, Petersen BO, Duus JO, Bye R, Michaelsen TE, Diallo D, Inngjerdingen M, Paulsen BS. Chemical and biological characterization of pectin-like polysaccharides from the bark of the Malian medicinal tree Cola cordifolia. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:259-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dalsgaard PW, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Zidorn C, Frisvad JC, Christophersen C, Larsen TO. Atlantinone A, a Meroterpenoid Produced by Penicillium ribeum and Several Cheese Associated Penicillium Species. Metabolites 2012; 2:214-20. [PMID: 24957375 PMCID: PMC3901203 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantinone A has been isolated from the psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium ribeum. The exact structure of the compound was confirmed by mass spectrometric and 1- and 2D NMR experiments. Atlantinone A was originally only produced upon chemical epigenetic manipulation of P. hirayamae, however in this study the compound was found to be produced at standard growth conditions by the following species; P. solitum, P. discolor, P. commune, P. caseifulvum, P. palitans, P. novae-zeelandiae and P. monticola. A biosynthetic pathway to atlantinone A starting from andrastin A is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petur W Dalsgaard
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent O Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsbergvej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Zidorn
- Institut für Pharmazie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, DTU Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Christophersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, DTU Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Nakai H, Petersen BO, Westphal Y, Dilokpimol A, Abou Hachem M, Duus JØ, Schols HA, Svensson B. Rational engineering of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM maltose phosphorylase into either trehalose or kojibiose dual specificity phosphorylase. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:781-7. [PMID: 20713411 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM maltose phosphorylase (LaMP) of the (alpha/alpha)(6)-barrel glycoside hydrolase family 65 (GH65) catalyses both phosphorolysis of maltose and formation of maltose by reverse phosphorolysis with beta-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose as donor and acceptor, respectively. LaMP has about 35 and 26% amino acid sequence identity with GH65 trehalose phosphorylase (TP) and kojibiose phosphorylase (KP) from Thermoanaerobacter brockii ATCC35047. The structure of L. brevis MP and multiple sequence alignment identified (alpha/alpha)(6)-barrel loop 3 that forms the rim of the active site pocket as a target for specificity engineering since it contains distinct sequences for different GH65 disaccharide phosphorylases. Substitution of LaMP His413-Glu421, His413-Ile418 and His413-Glu415 from loop 3, that include His413 and Glu415 presumably recognising the alpha-anomeric O-1 group of the glucose moiety at subsite +1, by corresponding segments from Ser426-Ala431 in TP and Thr419-Phe427 in KP, thus conferred LaMP with phosphorolytic activity towards trehalose and kojibiose, respectively. Two different loop 3 LaMP variants catalysed the formation of trehalose and kojibiose in yields superior of maltose by reverse phosphorolysis with (alpha1, alpha1)- and alpha-(1,2)-regioselectivity, respectively, as analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The loop 3 in GH65 disaccharide phosphorylase is thus a key determinant for specificity both in phosphorolysis and in regiospecific reverse phosphorolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakai
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Nakai H, Hachem MA, Petersen BO, Westphal Y, Mannerstedt K, Baumann MJ, Dilokpimol A, Schols HA, Duus JØ, Svensson B. Efficient chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis by reverse phosphorolysis using cellobiose phosphorylase and cellodextrin phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum. Biochimie 2010; 92:1818-26. [PMID: 20678539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inverting cellobiose phosphorylase (CtCBP) and cellodextrin phosphorylase (CtCDP) from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 of glycoside hydrolase family 94 catalysed reverse phosphorolysis to produce cellobiose and cellodextrins in 57% and 48% yield from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate as donor with glucose and cellobiose as acceptor, respectively. Use of α-d-glucosyl 1-fluoride as donor increased product yields to 98% for CtCBP and 68% for CtCDP. CtCBP showed broad acceptor specificity forming β-glucosyl disaccharides with β-(1→4)- regioselectivity from five monosaccharides as well as branched β-glucosyl trisaccharides with β-(1→4)-regioselectivity from three (1→6)-linked disaccharides. CtCDP showed strict β-(1→4)-regioselectivity and catalysed linear chain extension of the three β-linked glucosyl disaccharides, cellobiose, sophorose, and laminaribiose, whereas 12 tested monosaccharides were not acceptors. Structure analysis by NMR and ESI-MS confirmed two β-glucosyl oligosaccharide product series to represent novel compounds, i.e. β-D-glucopyranosyl-[(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl](n)-(1→2)-D-glucopyranose, and β-D-glucopyranosyl-[(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl](n)-(1→3)-D-glucopyranose (n = 1-7). Multiple sequence alignment together with a modelled CtCBP structure, obtained using the crystal structure of Cellvibrio gilvus CBP in complex with glucose as a template, indicated differences in the subsite +1 region that elicit the distinct acceptor specificities of CtCBP and CtCDP. Thus Glu636 of CtCBP recognized the C1 hydroxyl of β-glucose at subsite +1, while in CtCDP the presence of Ala800 conferred more space, which allowed accommodation of C1 substituted disaccharide acceptors at the corresponding subsites +1 and +2. Furthermore, CtCBP has a short Glu496-Thr500 loop that permitted the C6 hydroxyl of glucose at subsite +1 to be exposed to solvent, whereas the corresponding longer loop Thr637-Lys648 in CtCDP blocks binding of C6-linked disaccharides as acceptors at subsite +1. High yields in chemoenzymatic synthesis, a novel regioselectivity, and novel oligosaccharides including products of CtCDP catalysed oligosaccharide oligomerisation using α-d-glucosyl 1-fluoride, all together contribute to the formation of an excellent basis for rational engineering of CBP and CDP to produce desired oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakai
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Nakai H, Baumann MJ, Petersen BO, Westphal Y, Hachem MA, Dilokpimol A, Duus JØ, Schols HA, Svensson B. Aspergillus nidulans alpha-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 36 catalyses the formation of alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides by transglycosylation. FEBS J 2010; 277:3538-51. [PMID: 20681989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-galactosidase from Aspergillus nidulans (AglC) belongs to a phylogenetic cluster containing eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases and alpha-galacto-oligosaccharide synthases of glycoside hydrolase family 36 (GH36). The recombinant AglC, produced in high yield (0.65 g.L(-1) culture) as His-tag fusion in Escherichia coli, catalysed efficient transglycosylation with alpha-(1-->6) regioselectivity from 40 mm 4-nitrophenol alpha-d-galactopyranoside, melibiose or raffinose, resulting in a 37-74% yield of 4-nitrophenol alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Galp, alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Glcp and alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Glcp-(alpha1-->beta2)-d-Fruf (stachyose), respectively. Furthermore, among 10 monosaccharide acceptor candidates (400 mm) and the donor 4-nitrophenol alpha-D-galactopyranoside (40 mm), alpha-(1-->6) linked galactodisaccharides were also obtained with galactose, glucose and mannose in high yields of 39-58%. AglC did not transglycosylate monosaccharides without the 6-hydroxymethyl group, i.e. xylose, L-arabinose, L-fucose and L-rhamnose, or with axial 3-OH, i.e. gulose, allose, altrose and L-rhamnose. Structural modelling using Thermotoga maritima GH36 alpha-galactosidase as the template and superimposition of melibiose from the complex with human GH27 alpha-galactosidase supported that recognition at subsite +1 in AglC presumably requires a hydrogen bond between 3-OH and Trp358 and a hydrophobic environment around the C-6 hydroxymethyl group. In addition, successful transglycosylation of eight of 10 disaccharides (400 mm), except xylobiose and arabinobiose, indicated broad specificity for interaction with the +2 subsite. AglC thus transferred alpha-galactosyl to 6-OH of the terminal residue in the alpha-linked melibiose, maltose, trehalose, sucrose and turanose in 6-46% yield and the beta-linked lactose, lactulose and cellobiose in 28-38% yield. The product structures were identified using NMR and ESI-MS and five of the 13 identified products were novel, i.e. alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Manp; alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-D-Glcp; alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-D-Fruf; alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Glcp-(alpha1-->alpha1)-D-Glcp; and alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-D-Fruf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakai
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Adlercreutz D, Weadge JT, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Dovichi NJ, Palcic MM. Enzymatic synthesis of Gb3 and iGb3 ceramides. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1384-8. [PMID: 20206917 PMCID: PMC3282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gb3 and iGb3 are physiologically important trihexosylceramides with a terminal alpha-d-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-Galp- and alpha-d-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-Galp sequence, respectively. In particular iGb3 is attracting considerable attention as it is believed to serve as a ligand for natural killer T cells. Whether or not iGb3 is present in humans and which enzyme might be responsible for its synthesis is at present a matter of lively debate. In the current investigation we evaluated human blood group B galactosyltransferase (GTB) for its ability to catalyze the formation of iGb3 from lactosylceramide and UDP-Galp. GTB is a retaining glycosyltransferase that in vivo catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-Galp donors to OH-3 of Galp on the H-antigen (alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-Galp) acceptor forming the blood group B antigen. GTB tolerates modifications in donor and acceptor substrates and its ability to accept lactosides as acceptors makes it a possible candidate for iGb3 production in humans. For comparison iGb3 and Gb3 were also synthesized from the same acceptor using an alpha-(1-->3)- and alpha-(1-->4)-specific galactosyltransferase, respectively. All the enzymes tested catalyzed the desired reactions. Product characterization by NMR analysis clearly differentiated between the alpha-Galp-(1-->3)-Galp and alpha-Galp-(1-->4)-Galp product, with the GTB product being identical to that of the alpha-(1-->3)-GalT-catalyzed reaction. The rate of transfer by GTB however was very low, only 0.001% of the rate obtained with a good substrate, H antigen disaccharide (octyl alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-Galp). This is too low to account for the possible formation of the iGb3 structure in humans in vivo.
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Léonard R, Wopfner N, Pabst M, Stadlmann J, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Himly M, Radauer C, Gadermaier G, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Ferreira F, Altmann F. A new allergen from ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) with homology to art v 1 from mugwort. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27192-27200. [PMID: 20576600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Art v 1, the major pollen allergen of the composite plant mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) has been identified recently as a thionin-like protein with a bulky arabinogalactan-protein moiety. A close relative of mugwort, ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an important allergen source in North America, and, since 1990, ragweed has become a growing health concern in Europe as well. Weed pollen-sensitized patients demonstrated IgE reactivity to a ragweed pollen protein of apparently 29-31 kDa. This reaction could be inhibited by the mugwort allergen Art v 1. The purified ragweed pollen protein consisted of a 57-amino acid-long defensin-like domain with high homology to Art v 1 and a C-terminal proline-rich domain. This part contained hydroxyproline-linked arabinogalactan chains with one galactose and 5 to 20 and more alpha-arabinofuranosyl residues with some beta-arabinoses in terminal positions as revealed by high field NMR. The ragweed protein contained only small amounts of the single hydroxyproline-linked beta-arabinosyl residues, which form an important IgE binding determinant in Art v 1. cDNA clones for this protein were obtained from ragweed flowers. Immunological characterization revealed that the recombinant ragweed protein reacted with >30% of the weed pollen allergic patients. Therefore, this protein from ragweed pollen constitutes a novel important ragweed allergen and has been designated Amb a 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Léonard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Wopfner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Martin Himly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetOMICS, Core Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Straadt IK, Young JF, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Gregersen N, Bross P, Oksbjerg N, Bertram HC. Metabolic profiling of heat or anoxic stress in mouse C2C12 myotubes using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolism 2010; 59:814-23. [PMID: 20005546 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the metabolic effects of heat and anoxic stress in myotubes from the mouse cell line C2C12 were investigated by using a combination of (13)C, (1)H, and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and enrichment with [(13)C]-glucose. Both the (13)C and the (1)H NMR spectra showed reduced levels of the amino acids alanine, glutamate, and aspartate after heat or anoxic stress. The decreases were smallest at 42 degrees C, larger at 45 degrees C, and most pronounced after anoxic conditions. In addition, in both the (1)H and the (31)P NMR spectra, decreases in the high-energy phosphate compounds adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine with increasing severity of stress were identified. At anoxic conditions, an increase in (13)C-labeled lactate and appearance of glycerol-3-phosphate were observed. Accumulation of lactate and glycerol-3-phosphate is in agreement with a shift to anaerobic metabolism due to inhibition of the aerobic pathway in the mitochondria. Conversely, lower levels of unlabeled ((12)C) lactate were apparent at increasing severity of stress, which indicate that lactate is released from the myotubes to the medium. In conclusion, the metabolites identified in the present study may be useful markers for identifying severity of stress in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida K Straadt
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Bertram HC, Weisbjerg MR, Jensen CS, Pedersen MG, Didion T, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Larsen MK, Nielsen JH. Seasonal changes in the metabolic fingerprint of 21 grass and legume cultivars studied by nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:4336-4341. [PMID: 20222751 DOI: 10.1021/jf904321p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approach was introduced for metabolic fingerprinting of 21 grass and legume cultivars in the present study. Applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the fingerprints obtained on water extracts, it was possible to elucidate the variation between cultivars and the magnitude of changes in the metabolic fingerprint between the spring growth and the second regrowth. Consequently, the potential of the method for tracking differences and changes related to cultivar and season was demonstrated. In addition, partial least-squares (PLS) regressions revealed correlations between the NMR fingerprints and the value of the grasses as animal feed evaluated as concentration of sugars, neutral detergent fibres (NDF) (R = 0.82), indigestible neutral detergent fibres (iNDF) (R = 0.90), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (R = 0.75). The correlations between these parameters and the NMR fingerprint could mainly be ascribed to differences in spectral intensities from signals assigned to malic acid (2.40 and 4.70 ppm), choline (3.27 ppm), and glucose (5.24 ppm), and the biochemical rationale for this relation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Arslev, Denmark.
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Lerche MH, Meier S, Jensen PR, Baumann H, Petersen BO, Karlsson M, Duus JØ, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Study of molecular interactions with 13C DNP-NMR. J Magn Reson 2010; 203:52-56. [PMID: 20022775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is an established, versatile technique for the detection of molecular interactions, even when these interactions are weak. Signal enhancement by several orders of magnitude through dynamic nuclear polarization alleviates several practical limitations of NMR-based interaction studies. This enhanced non-equilibrium polarization contributes sensitivity for the detection of molecular interactions in a single NMR transient. We show that direct (13)C NMR ligand binding studies at natural isotopic abundance of (13)C gets feasible in this way. Resultant screens are easy to interpret and can be performed at (13)C concentrations below muM. In addition to such ligand-detected studies of molecular interaction, ligand binding can be assessed and quantified with enzymatic assays that employ hyperpolarized substrates at varying enzyme inhibitor concentrations. The physical labeling of nuclear spins by hyperpolarization thus provides the opportunity to devise fast novel in vitro experiments with low material requirement and without the need for synthetic modifications of target or ligands.
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Zidorn C, Petersen BO, Sareedenchai V, Ellmerer EP, Duus JØ. Tragoponol, a dimeric dihydroisocoumarin from Tragopogon porrifolius L. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wiwel P, Hinnemann B, Hidalgo-Vivas A, Zeuthen P, Petersen BO, Duus JØ. Characterization and Identification of the most Refractory Nitrogen Compounds in Hydroprocessed Vacuum Gas Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiwel
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Berit Hinnemann
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Angelica Hidalgo-Vivas
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Per Zeuthen
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Bent O. Petersen
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Jens Ø. Duus
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, and Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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Straadt IK, Young JF, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Gregersen N, Bross P, Oksbjerg N, Theil PK, Bertram HC. Oxidative stress-induced metabolic changes in mouse C2C12 myotubes studied with high-resolution 13C, 1H, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1918-1926. [PMID: 20073468 DOI: 10.1021/jf903505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, stress in relation to slaughter was investigated in a model system by the use of (13)C, (1)H, and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for elucidating changes in the metabolites in C2C12 myotubes exposed to H(2)O(2)-induced stress. Oxidative stress resulted in lower levels of several metabolites, mainly amino acids; however, higher levels of alanine were apparent in the (13)C spectra after incubation with [(13)C(1)]glucose. In the (13)C spectra [(13)C(3)]lactate tended to increase after exposure to increasing concentrations of H(2)O(2); conversely, a tendency to lower levels of the unlabeled ((12)C) lactate were identified in the (1)H spectra after stress exposure. These data indicate an increase in de novo synthesis of alanine, concomitant with a release of lactate from the myotubes to the medium at oxidative stress conditions. The changes in the metabolite levels could possibly be useful as markers for meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida K Straadt
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Bek AS, Sauer J, Thygesen MB, Duus JØ, Petersen BO, Thirup S, James E, Jensen KJ, Stougaard J, Radutoiu S. Improved characterization of nod factors and genetically based variation in LysM Receptor domains identify amino acids expendable for nod factor recognition in Lotus spp. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23:58-66. [PMID: 19958139 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-1-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation of functional nodules is a complex process depending on host-microsymbiont compatibility in all developmental stages. This report uses the contrasting symbiotic phenotypes of Lotus japonicus and L. pedunculatus, inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti or the Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus), to investigate the role of Nod factor structure and Nod factor receptors (NFR) for rhizobial recognition, infection thread progression, and bacterial persistence within nodule cells. A key contribution was the use of 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for Nod factor analysis. The Nod factor decorations at the nonreducing end differ between Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) and M. loti, and the NFR1/NFR5 extracellular regions of L. pedunculatus and L. japonicus were found to vary in amino acid composition. Genetic transformation experiments using chimeric and wild-type receptors showed that both receptor variants recognize the structurally different Nod factors but the later symbiotic phenotype remained unchanged. These results highlight the importance of additional checkpoints during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and define several amino acids in the LysM domains as expendable for perception of the two differentially carbamoylated Nod factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Bek
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
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Nakai H, Baumann MJ, Petersen BO, Westphal Y, Schols H, Dilokpimol A, Hachem MA, Lahtinen SJ, Duus JØ, Svensson B. The maltodextrin transport system and metabolism in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and production of novel α-glucosides through reverse phosphorolysis by maltose phosphorylase. FEBS J 2009; 276:7353-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meier S, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Sørensen OW. Recent progress in heteronuclear long-range NMR of complex carbohydrates: 3D H2BC and clean HMBC. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2274-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bertram HC, Duus JØ, Petersen BO, Hoppe C, Larnkjaer A, Schack-Nielsen L, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics reveals strong sex effect on plasma metabolism in 17-year-old Scandinavians and correlation to retrospective infant plasma parameters. Metabolism 2009; 58:1039-45. [PMID: 19411084 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics was carried out on plasma samples from a total of seventy-five 17-year-old Danes to investigate the impact of key parameters such as sex, height, weight, and body mass index on the plasma metabolite profile in a normal, healthy population. Principal component analysis identified sex to have a large impact on the NMR plasma metabolome, whereas no apparent effects of height, weight, and body mass index were found. Partial least square regression discriminant analysis and quantification of relative metabolite concentrations by integration of NMR signals revealed that the sex effect included differences in plasma lipoproteins (mainly high-density lipoprotein), glucose, choline, and amino acid content. Accordingly, the present study suggests a higher lipid synthesis in young women than young men and a higher protein turnover in young men compared with women. Data on plasma content of triglyceride, lipoprotein fractions, and cholesterol at an age of 9 months were available for selected individuals (n = 40); and partial least square regressions revealed correlations between these infant parameters and the NMR plasma metabolome at an age of 17 years. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of NMR-based metabonomics for obtaining a deeper insight into interindividual differences in metabolism and for exploring relationships between parameters measured early in life and metabolic status at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center Arslev, University of Aarhus, Arslev, Denmark.
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Leisner JJ, Larsen MH, Ingmer H, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Palcic MM. Cloning and comparison of phylogenetically related chitinases from Listeria monocytogenes EGD and Enterococcus faecalis V583. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:2080-7. [PMID: 19583793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare enzymatic activities of two related chitinases, ChiA and EF0361, encoded by Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS The chiA and EF0361 genes were amplified by PCR, cloned and expressed with histidine tags, allowing easy purification of the gene products. ChiA had a molecular weight as predicted from the amino acid sequence, whereas EF0361 was 1840 Da lower than expected because of C-terminal truncation. The ChiA and EF0361 enzymes showed activity towards 4-nitrophenyl N,N'-diacetyl-beta-D-chitobioside with K(m) values of 1.6 and 2.1 mmol l(-1), respectively, and k(cat) values of 21.6 and 6.5 s(-1). The enzymes also showed activity towards 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-N, N', N''-triacetylchitotriose and carboxy-methyl-chitin-Remazol Brilliant Violet but not towards 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. Chitinolytic specificities of the enzymes were supported by their inactivity towards the substrates 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-cellobioside and peptidoglycan. The pH and temperature profiles for catalytic activities were relatively similar for both the enzymes. CONCLUSION The ChiA and EF0361 enzymes show a high degree of similarity in their catalytic activities although their hosts share environmental preferences only to some extent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study contributes to an understanding of the chitinolytic activities by L. monocytogenes and Ent. faecalis. Detailed information on their chitinolytic systems will help define potential reservoirs in the natural environment and possible transmission routes into food-manufacturing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Leisner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Petersen BO, Sára M, Mader C, Mayer HF, Sleytr UB, Pabst M, Puchberger M, Krause E, Hofinger A, Duus JØ, Kosma P. Structural characterization of the acid-degraded secondary cell wall polymer of Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1346-58. [PMID: 18420185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2, which is involved in the anchoring of the surface-layer protein to the bacterial cell wall layer, is composed of 2-amino-2-deoxy- and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannuronic acid. The primary structure of the acid-degraded polysaccharide--liberated by HF-treatment from the cell wall--was determined by high-field NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry using N-acetylated and hydrolyzed polysaccharide derivatives as well as Smith-degradation. The polysaccharide was shown to consist of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit containing a pyruvic acid acetal at a side-chain 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residue. Substoichiometric substitutions of the repeating unit were observed concerning the degree of N-acetylation of glucosamine residues and the presence of side-chain linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl units: [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Valby, Denmark
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Bertram HC, Malmendal A, Petersen BO, Madsen JC, Pedersen H, Nielsen NC, Hoppe C, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF, Duus JØ. Effect of magnetic field strength on NMR-based metabonomic human urine data. Comparative study of 250, 400, 500, and 800 MHz. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7110-5. [PMID: 17702531 DOI: 10.1021/ac070928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabonomic analysis of urine utilizing high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and chemometric techniques has proven valuable in characterizing the biochemical response to an intervention. To assess the effect of magnetic field strength on information contained in NMR-based metabonomic data sets, 1H NMR spectra were acquired on 250-, 400-, 500-, and 800-MHz instruments, respectively, on the same set of human urine samples collected before and after dietary interventions with milk and with meat proteins. Partial least-squares regression discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were performed in order to elucidate the ability of the 1H spectra acquired at various field strengths to identify possible spectral differences and discriminate between pre- and postintervention samples. The loadings from PLS-DA contained the same spectral regions, implying that the same metabolites were involved in the discrimination independent of magnetic field strength. The investigation revealed a strong increase in prediction performance and thereby spectral information content when increasing the magnetic field strength from 250 to 500 MHz, while from 500 to 800 MHz the increase was less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science, University of Aarhus, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Skovsted IC, Kerrn MB, Sonne-Hansen J, Sauer LE, Nielsen AK, Konradsen HB, Petersen BO, Nyberg NT, Duus JØ. Purification and structure characterization of the active component in the pneumococcal 22F polysaccharide capsule used for adsorption in pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Vaccine 2007; 25:6490-500. [PMID: 17655983 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protection against pneumococcal disease is thought to be mediated primarily by antibodies that are opsonic [Musher DM, Chapman AJ, Goree A, Jonsson S, Briles D, Baughn RE. Natural and vaccine-related immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1986;154(2):245-56]. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is immunogenic and induces type-specific protective immunity. For convenience, the protective capacity of serum antibodies is often evaluated by the measurement of antibody titers in an ELISA test. The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (CPS) used in ELISA contains several impurities; these include about 5% by weight of teicholic acid (CWPS) and the cholin binding protein, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) [Sorensen UB, Henrichsen J. C-polysaccharide in a pneumococcal vaccine. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand C 1984;92(6):351-6; Yu J, Briles DE, Englund JA, Hollingshead SK, Glezen WP, Nahm MH. Immunogenic protein contaminants in pneumococcal vaccines. J Infect Dis 2003;187(6):1019-23]. All individuals have antibodies to CWPS possible as a result of early exposure to pneumococci, Streptocuccus mitis and Streptocuccus oralis [Bergstrom N, Jansson PE, Kilian M, Skov Sorensen UB. Structures of two cell wall-associated polysaccharides of a Streptococcus mitis biovar 1 strain. A unique teichoic acid-like polysaccharide and the group O antigen which is a C-polysaccharide in common with pneumococci. Eur J Biochem 2000;267(24):7147-57. [4]]. The concentration of the CWPS antibodies in non-immunized individuals often exceeds the concentration of the serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies. Therefore, the pneumococcal ELISA requires an adsorption step to remove the unprotective CWPS antibodies [Konradsen HB, Sorensen UB, Henrichsen J. A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring type-specific anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies. J Immunol Meth 1993;164(1):13-20. [5]; Concepcion N, Frasch CE. Evaluation of previously assigned antibody concentrations in pneumococcal polysaccharide reference serum 89SF by the method of cross-standardization. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1998;5(2):199-204. [6]; Kayhty H, Ahman H, Ronnberg PR, Tillikainen R, Eskola J. Pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine is immunogenic in infants and children. J Infect Dis 1995;172(5):1273-8. [7]; Koskela M. Serum antibodies to pneumococcal C polysaccharide in children: response to acute pneumococcal otitis media or to vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;6 (6):519-26. [8]]. Recently a new pneumococcal CPS ELISA was recommended with an extra serum absorption step with 22F CPS to remove antibodies against an extra unknown common cross-reactive component. The aim of this study was to characterize the active component in the 22F capsule. A non-capsulated pneumococci was prepared from a 22F capsulated pneumococci. The cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS2) purified from this pneumococci has a better adsorption potential than 22F capsule in the pneumococci ELISA. Structure characterization of the commercial available CWPS and CWPS2 was done by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The NMR results showed that commercial CWPS had one phosporylcholine per sugar repeat while the CWPS2 had two phosporylcholine per sugar repeat explaining an immunological difference between the two variants of CWPS. In addition the LicD2 gene responsible for the attachment of the second cholin in the CWPS tetra sugar repeat was inactive in the strain used for purifying the commercial CWPS but active in the strain expressing CWPS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Chr Skovsted
- Division of Microbiology and Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Johannesen SA, Petersen BO, Duus JO, Skrydstrup T. Studies Directed to Understanding the Structure of Chitosan−Metal Complexes: Investigations of Mono- and Disaccharide Models with Platinum(II) Group Metals. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4326-35. [PMID: 17444635 DOI: 10.1021/ic070016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray and NMR experiments were performed with simple chitosan models based on glucosamine monosaccharides and disaccharides to understand the binding properties and structures of the complexes formed between this polysaccharide and platinum(II) metals. Subjection of the glucosamine derivatives with [PdCl2(PhCN)2] provided trans-diamine complexes which upon further treatment with excess (NH4)PF6 generated complexes possessing two 5-membered chelate rings involving the C2-amine and the C3-hydroxyl group of the two individual glucosamine units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine A Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Bertram HC, Hoppe C, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. An NMR-based metabonomic investigation on effects of milk and meat protein diets given to 8-year-old boys. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:758-63. [PMID: 17349089 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507450322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the ability of an NMR-based metabonomic approach, applied to biofluids, to explore and identify overall exogenous and endogenous biochemical effects of a short-time high intake of milk protein or meat protein given to prepubertal children, the aim being to compare relative differences and not an absolute quantification. A total of twenty-four 8-year-old boys were asked to take 53 g protein as milk (n 12) or meat daily (n 12). At baseline and after 7 d, urine and serum samples were collected and high-resolution 1H NMR spectra were acquired on these using a 800 MHz spectrometer. The milk diet reduced the urinary excretion of hippurate, while the meat diet increased the urinary excretion of creatine, histidine and urea. The NMR measurements on serum revealed minor changes in the lipid profile, which most probably should be ascribed to an increase in the content of SCFA in the blood after consumption of the milk diet. The meat diet had no effect on the metabolic profile of serum. The study for the first time demonstrates the capability of proton NMR-based metabonomics to identify the overall biochemical effects of consumption of different animal proteins. The urine metabolite profile is more susceptible to perturbations as a result of short diet interventions than the serum metabolite profile. The milk diet-induced reduction in urinary excretion of hippurate suggests alterations in gut microflora, which may be useful information for further studies elucidating the effects of bioactive components in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science, Research Center Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Omarsdottir S, Petersen BO, Paulsen BS, Togola A, Duus JØ, Olafsdottir ES. Structural characterisation of novel lichen heteroglycans by NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2449-55. [PMID: 16884705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two galactofuranomannans, Ths-4 and Ths-5, were isolated from the lichen, Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis, using ethanol fractionation and anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The average molecular weights of Ths-4 and Ths-5 were estimated to be 19 and 200 kDa, respectively. Structural characterisation of Ths-4, Ths-5 and their partially hydrolysed derivatives was performed by methanolysis and methylation analysis. The intact and partially hydrolysed Ths-4 was further analysed using NMR spectroscopy (1D, COSY, NOESY, TOCSY, HSQC and HMBC). According to the data obtained, the heteroglycans Ths-4 and Ths-5 have similar structures, but have large differences in molecular weight. The structure is composed of 3-O-linked and 5-O-linked galactofuranosyl chains linked to a mannan core. The mannan core consists of a main chain of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues, substituted at O-2 with either a single alpha-mannopyranosyl unit or an alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp group in the ratio of approximately 1:3, respectively. The polysaccharides have idealised repeating blocks as is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesselja Omarsdottir
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and beta-glucan from Francisella victoria, a fish pathogen and close relative of highly virulent mammal pathogen Francisella tularensis, have been analyzed using chemical and spectroscopy methods. The polysaccharide part of the LPS was found to contain a nonrepetitive sequence of 20 monosaccharides as well as alanine, 3-aminobutyric acid, and a novel branched amino acid, thus confirming F. victoria as a unique species. The structure identified composes the largest oligosaccharide elucidated by NMR so far, and was possible to solve using high field NMR with cold probe technology combined with the latest pulse sequences, including the first application of H2BC sequence to oligosaccharides. The non-phosphorylated lipid A region of the LPS was identical to that of other Francisellae, although one of the lipid A components has not been found in Francisella novicida. The heptoseless core-lipid A region of the LPS contained a linear pentasaccharide fragment identical to the corresponding part of F. tularensis and F. novicida LPSs, differing in side-chain substituents. The linkage region of the O-chain also closely resembled that of other Francisella. LPS preparation contained two characteristic glucans, previously observed as components of LPS preparations from other strains of Francisella: amylose and the unusual beta-(1-6)-glucan with (glycerol)2phosphate at the reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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Preston A, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Kubler-Kielb J, Ben-Menachem G, Li J, Vinogradov E. Complete structures of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis lipopolysaccharides. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:18135-44. [PMID: 16632471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513904200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core and O antigen of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis are known, but how these two regions are linked to each other had not been determined. We have studied LPS from several strains of these microorganisms to determine the complete carbohydrate structure of the LPS. LPS was analyzed using different chemical degradations, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. This identified a novel pentasaccharide fragment that links the O chain to the core in all the LPS studied. In addition, although the O chain of these bacteria was reported as a homopolymer of 1,4-linked 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-galacturonic acid, we discovered that the polymer contains several amidated uronic acids, the number of which varies between strains. These new data describe the complete structure of the LPS carbohydrate backbone for both Bordetella species and help to explain the complex genetics of LPS biosynthesis in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Preston
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
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Petersen BO, Vinogradov E, Kay W, Würtz P, Nyberg NT, Duus JØ, Sørensen OW. H2BC: a new technique for NMR analysis of complex carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:550-6. [PMID: 16406276 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the H2BC NMR pulse sequence (J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127, 6154, Magn. Reson. Chem.2005, 43, 971-974) offers unambiguous assignments and significant simplification of NMR spectra of large and complex carbohydrates compared to other techniques for the establishment of correlations over more than one bond. H2BC almost exclusively correlates protons and proton-bearing carbon spins separated by two covalent bonds and is independent of occasionally vanishing (2)J(CH) coupling constants, which alleviates the problem of missing two-bond correlations in HMBC spectra. H2BC also solves the problem of distinguishing two- and three-bond correlations in HSQC-TOCSY or HMBC. It is a further asset of H2BC that the experiment is significantly shorter than HMBC and HSQC-TOCSY, and hence less sensitive to transverse relaxation. The H2BC experiment is demonstrated on an approximately 30-residue oligosaccharide from Francisella victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent O Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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Houen G, Struve C, Søndergaard R, Friis T, Anthoni U, Nielsen PH, Christophersen C, Petersen BO, Duus JØ. Substrate specificity of the bovine serum amine oxidase and in situ characterisation of aminoaldehydes by NMR spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3783-96. [PMID: 15863005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of spermidine or homospermidine with bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was monitored in situ, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in water with 10% D(2)O. NMR assignments were performed by spin decoupling and COSY spectra or by comparison with data from synthetic aminoaldehydes. The results represent the first in situ characterisation of the highly reactive aminoaldehydes and showed oxidation at the N(1) amino group of spermidine and homospermidine. Comparison of homospermidine with a variety of substrates revealed that among straight chain di- and polyamines both an aminopropyl group and two primary amino groups separated by seven (norspermidine) or eight (spermidine) carbon atoms were required for optimal substrate ability. However, highest activity was seen with the substrate N-(4-aminobutyl)hexahydropyrimidine, showing that the substrate channel of BSAO has a dual substrate preference, with moderately bulky substituents at the distal end of a diamine contributing equally well as an alkyl amino group. Cytotoxic investigations of a variety of substrates for BSAO, confirmed previous results, that cytotoxicity is primarily linked to polyamines encompassing the aminopropyl moiety. No acrolein was observed at any time during the oxidation showing that it reacts very fast with available amino groups forming a variety of derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Research and Development, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Larsen TO, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Sørensen D, Frisvad JC, Hansen ME. Discovery of new natural products by application of X-hitting, a novel algorithm for automated comparison of full UV spectra, combined with structural determination by NMR spectroscopy. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:871-4. [PMID: 15974610 DOI: 10.1021/np040248s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
X-hitting, a newly developed algorithm for automated comparison of UV data, has been used for the tracking of two novel spiro-quinazoline metabolites, lapatins A (1) and B (2), in a screening study targeting quinazolines. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, primarily 2D NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
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Overy DP, Zidorn C, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Dalsgaard PW, Larsen TO, Phipps RK. Medium dependant production of corymbiferone a novel product from Penicillium hordei cultured on plant tissue agar. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Leonard R, Petersen BO, Himly M, Kaar W, Wopfner N, Kolarich D, van Ree R, Ebner C, Duus JØ, Ferreira F, Altmann F. Two Novel Types of O-Glycans on the Mugwort Pollen Allergen Art v 1 and Their Role in Antibody Binding. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:7932-40. [PMID: 15591314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Art v 1, the major allergen of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) pollen contains galactose and arabinose. As the sera of some allergic patients react with natural but not with recombinant Art v 1 produced in bacteria, the glycosylation of Art v 1 may play a role in IgE binding and human allergic reactions. Chemical and enzymatic degradation, mass spectrometry, and 800 MHz (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated the proline-rich domain to be glycosylated in two ways. We found a large hydroxyproline-linked arabinogalactan composed of a short beta1,6-galactan core, which is substituted by a variable number (5-28) of alpha-arabinofuranose residues, which form branched side chains with 5-, 2,5-, 3,5-, and 2,3,5-substituted arabinoses. Thus, the design of the Art v 1 polysaccharide differs from that of the well known type II arabinogalactans, and we suggest it be named type III arabinogalactan. The other type of glycosylation was formed by single (but adjacent) beta-arabinofuranoses linked to hydroxyproline. In contrast to the arabinosylation of Ser-Hyp(4) motifs in other hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, such as extensins or solanaceous lectins, no oligo-arabinosides were found in Art v 1. Art v 1 and parts thereof produced by alkaline degradation, chemical deglycosylation, proteolytic degradation, and/or digestion with alpha-arabinofuranosidase were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot experiments with rabbit serum and with the sera of patients. Although we could not observe antibody binding by the polysaccharide, the single hydroxyproline-linked beta-arabinose residues appeared to react with the antibodies. Mono-beta-arabinosylated hydroxyproline residues thus constitute a new, potentially cross-reactive, carbohydrate determinant in plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Leonard
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitaet fuer Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Vinogradov E, Petersen BO, Duus JO. The Structure of the Polysaccharides Produced by Higher Basidiomyces Tremella mesenterica Ritz.: Fr. and Inonotus levis P. Karst. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i3.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Vinogradov E, Petersen BO, Duus JO. The Structure of the Polysaccharides Produced by Higher Basidiomyces Tremella mesenterica Ritz.: Fr. and Inonotus levis P. Karst. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v7.i3.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Hesseltin A 1, a novel compound of mixed polyketide-terpenoid origins was isolated from the filamentous fungus Penicillium hesseltinei. The structure and stereochemistry were determined from extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Phipps
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Vinogradov E, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Wasser S. The structure of the glucuronoxylomannan produced by culinary-medicinal yellow brain mushroom (Tremella mesenterica Ritz.:Fr., Heterobasidiomycetes) grown as one cell biomass in submerged culture. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1483-9. [PMID: 15178391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The yellow brain mushroom Tremella mesenterica possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal properties, including immunostimulating, protecting against radiation, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, and antiallergic effects. A unique feature of T. mesenterica is that most of the above mentioned medicinal properties depend on glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) contained in fruiting bodies or produced in pure culture conditions. We developed a new strain of T. mesenterica CBS 101939, which grows in submerged culture and offers superior yields of one-cell biomass rich in exocellular heteropolysaccharide GXM. The structure of the GXM was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. The polysaccharide has a defined repeating unit structure, which is O-acetylated at several points: [structure: see text]. These results differ from previously published structure of Tremella extracellular polysaccharides, where mannan backbone was believed to be randomly glycosylated with xylan chains of different length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vinogradov
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6.
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