1
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The intricate roles of RCC1 in normal cells and cancer cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:83-93. [PMID: 35191966 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RCC1 (regulator of chromosome condensation 1) is a highly conserved chromatin-binding protein and the only known guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of Ran (a nuclear Ras homolog). RCC1 plays an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle-related activities such as nuclear envelope formation, nuclear pore complex and spindle assembly, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Over the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged highlighting the potential relevance of RCC1 to carcinogenesis, especially cervical, lung, and breast cancer. In this review, we briefly discuss the roles of RCC1 in both normal and tumor cells based on articles published in recent years, followed by a brief overview of future perspectives in the field.
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2
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Phosphorylation of RCC1 on Serine 11 Facilitates G1/S Transition in HPV E7-Expressing Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070995. [PMID: 34356619 PMCID: PMC8301946 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) plays a causal role in cervical cancer. Regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) is a critical cell cycle regulator, which undergoes a few post-translational modifications including phosphorylation. Here, we showed that serine 11 (S11) of RCC1 was phosphorylated in HPV E7-expressing cells. However, S11 phosphorylation was not up-regulated by CDK1 in E7-expressing cells; instead, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway promoted S11 phosphorylation. Knockdown of AKT or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down-regulated phosphorylation of RCC1 S11. Furthermore, S11 phosphorylation occurred throughout the cell cycle, and reached its peak during the mitosis phase. Our previous data proved that RCC1 was necessary for the G1/S cell cycle progression, and in the present study we showed that the RCC1 mutant, in which S11 was mutated to alanine (S11A) to mimic non-phosphorylation status, lost the ability to facilitate G1/S transition in E7-expressing cells. Moreover, RCC1 S11 was phosphorylated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HPV-positive cervical cancer SiHa and HeLa cells. We conclude that S11 of RCC1 is phosphorylated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and phosphorylation of RCC1 S11 facilitates the abrogation of G1 checkpoint in HPV E7-expressing cells. In short, our study explores a new role of RCC1 S11 phosphorylation in cell cycle regulation.
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3
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Huang T, Yang Y, Song X, Wan X, Wu B, Sastry N, Horbinski CM, Zeng C, Tiek D, Goenka A, Liu F, Brennan CW, Kessler JA, Stupp R, Nakano I, Sulman EP, Nishikawa R, James CD, Zhang W, Xu W, Hu B, Cheng SY. PRMT6 methylation of RCC1 regulates mitosis, tumorigenicity, and radiation response of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1276-1291.e9. [PMID: 33539787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 6 activity is required for the proliferation, stem-like properties, and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation in GBM critical for malignancy. We identified a casein kinase 2 (CK2)-PRMT6-regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1) signaling axis whose activity is an important contributor to the stem-like properties and tumor biology of GSCs. CK2 phosphorylates and stabilizes PRMT6 through deubiquitylation, which promotes PRMT6 methylation of RCC1, which in turn is required for RCC1 association with chromatin and activation of RAN. Disruption of this pathway results in defects in mitosis. EPZ020411, a specific small-molecule inhibitor for PRMT6, suppresses RCC1 arginine methylation and improves the cytotoxic activity of radiotherapy against GSC brain tumor xenografts. This study identifies a CK2α-PRMT6-RCC1 signaling axis that can be therapeutically targeted in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yongyong Yang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xuechao Wan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bingli Wu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Namratha Sastry
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fabao Liu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4
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Ren X, Jiang K, Zhang F. The Multifaceted Roles of RCC1 in Tumorigenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:225. [PMID: 33102517 PMCID: PMC7522611 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RCC1 (regulator of chromosome condensation 1) is the only known guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Ran, a nuclear Ras-like G protein. RCC1 combines with chromatin and Ran to establish a concentration gradient of RanGTP, thereby participating in a series of cell physiological activities. In this review, we discuss the structure of RCC1 and describe how RCC1 affects the formation and function of the nuclear envelope, spindle formation, and nuclear transport. We mainly focus on the effect of RCC1 on the cell cycle during tumorigenesis and the recent research progress that has been made in relation to different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanqi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Poramba-Liyanage DW, Korthout T, Cucinotta CE, van Kruijsbergen I, van Welsem T, El Atmioui D, Ovaa H, Tsukiyama T, van Leeuwen F. Inhibition of transcription leads to rewiring of locus-specific chromatin proteomes. Genome Res 2020; 30:635-646. [PMID: 32188699 PMCID: PMC7197482 DOI: 10.1101/gr.256255.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of a chromatin template involves the concerted interaction of many different proteins and protein complexes. Analyses of specific factors showed that these interactions change during stress and upon developmental switches. However, how the binding of multiple factors at any given locus is coordinated has been technically challenging to investigate. Here we used Epi-Decoder in yeast to systematically decode, at one transcribed locus, the chromatin binding changes of hundreds of proteins in parallel upon perturbation of transcription. By taking advantage of improved Epi-Decoder libraries, we observed broad rewiring of local chromatin proteomes following chemical inhibition of RNA polymerase. Rapid reduction of RNA polymerase II binding was accompanied by reduced binding of many other core transcription proteins and gain of chromatin remodelers. In quiescent cells, where strong transcriptional repression is induced by physiological signals, eviction of the core transcriptional machinery was accompanied by the appearance of quiescent cell–specific repressors and rewiring of the interactions of protein-folding factors and metabolic enzymes. These results show that Epi-Decoder provides a powerful strategy for capturing the temporal binding dynamics of multiple chromatin proteins under varying conditions and cell states. The systematic and comprehensive delineation of dynamic local chromatin proteomes will greatly aid in uncovering protein–protein relationships and protein functions at the chromatin template.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessy Korthout
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E Cucinotta
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ila van Kruijsbergen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dris El Atmioui
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toshio Tsukiyama
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Kothari P, Srivastava V, Aggarwal V, Tchernyshyov I, Van Eyk JE, Ha T, Robinson DN. Contractility kits promote assembly of the mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal network. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226704. [PMID: 30559246 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular contractility is governed by a control system of proteins that integrates internal and external cues to drive diverse shape change processes. This contractility controller includes myosin II motors, actin crosslinkers and protein scaffolds, which exhibit robust and cooperative mechanoaccumulation. However, the biochemical interactions and feedback mechanisms that drive the controller remain unknown. Here, we use a proteomics approach to identify direct interactors of two key nodes of the contractility controller in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum: the actin crosslinker cortexillin I and the scaffolding protein IQGAP2. We highlight several unexpected proteins that suggest feedback from metabolic and RNA-binding proteins on the contractility controller. Quantitative in vivo biochemical measurements reveal direct interactions between myosin II and cortexillin I, which form the core mechanosensor. Furthermore, IQGAP1 negatively regulates mechanoresponsiveness by competing with IQGAP2 for binding the myosin II-cortexillin I complex. These myosin II-cortexillin I-IQGAP2 complexes are pre-assembled into higher-order mechanoresponsive contractility kits (MCKs) that are poised to integrate into the cortex upon diffusional encounter coincident with mechanical inputs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kothari
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vasudha Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Vasudha Aggarwal
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Irina Tchernyshyov
- Department of Medicine, The Smidt Heart Institute and Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, The Smidt Heart Institute and Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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EBNA1: Oncogenic Activity, Immune Evasion and Biochemical Functions Provide Targets for Novel Therapeutic Strategies against Epstein-Barr Virus- Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040109. [PMID: 29642420 PMCID: PMC5923364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) protein in all EBV-carrying tumours constitutes a marker that distinguishes the virus-associated cancer cells from normal cells and thereby offers opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention. EBNA1 is essential for viral genome maintenance and also for controlling viral gene expression and without EBNA1, the virus cannot persist. EBNA1 itself has been linked to cell transformation but the underlying mechanism of its oncogenic activity has been unclear. However, recent data are starting to shed light on its growth-promoting pathways, suggesting that targeting EBNA1 can have a direct growth suppressing effect. In order to carry out its tasks, EBNA1 interacts with cellular factors and these interactions are potential therapeutic targets, where the aim would be to cripple the virus and thereby rid the tumour cells of any oncogenic activity related to the virus. Another strategy to target EBNA1 is to interfere with its expression. Controlling the rate of EBNA1 synthesis is critical for the virus to maintain a sufficient level to support viral functions, while at the same time, restricting expression is equally important to prevent the immune system from detecting and destroying EBNA1-positive cells. To achieve this balance EBNA1 has evolved a unique repeat sequence of glycines and alanines that controls its own rate of mRNA translation. As the underlying molecular mechanisms for how this repeat suppresses its own rate of synthesis in cis are starting to be better understood, new therapeutic strategies are emerging that aim to modulate the translation of the EBNA1 mRNA. If translation is induced, it could increase the amount of EBNA1-derived antigenic peptides that are presented to the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I pathway and thus, make EBV-carrying cancers better targets for the immune system. If translation is further suppressed, this would provide another means to cripple the virus.
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8
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Deschamps T, Bazot Q, Leske DM, MacLeod R, Mompelat D, Tafforeau L, Lotteau V, Maréchal V, Baillie GS, Gruffat H, Wilson JB, Manet E. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 interacts with regulator of chromosome condensation 1 dynamically throughout the cell cycle. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:251-265. [PMID: 28284242 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in viral episome replication and segregation, by recruiting the cellular complex of DNA replication onto the origin (oriP) and by tethering the viral DNA onto the mitotic chromosomes. Whereas the mechanisms of viral DNA replication are well documented, those involved in tethering EBNA1 to the cellular chromatin are far from being understood. Here, we have identified regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) as a novel cellular partner for EBNA1. RCC1 is the major nuclear guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Ran enzyme. RCC1, associated with chromatin, is involved in the formation of RanGTP gradients critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, mitotic spindle formation and nuclear envelope reassembly following mitosis. Using several approaches, we have demonstrated a direct interaction between these two proteins and found that the EBNA1 domains responsible for EBNA1 tethering to the mitotic chromosomes are also involved in the interaction with RCC1. The use of an EBNA1 peptide array confirmed the interaction of RCC1 with these regions and also the importance of the N-terminal region of RCC1 in this interaction. Finally, using confocal microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer analysis to follow the dynamics of interaction between the two proteins throughout the cell cycle, we have demonstrated that EBNA1 and RCC1 closely associate on the chromosomes during metaphase, suggesting an essential role for the interaction during this phase, perhaps in tethering EBNA1 to mitotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Deschamps
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Quentin Bazot
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France.,Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,Present address: Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Derek M Leske
- Present address: University of Oxford, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford, UK.,College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ruth MacLeod
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dimitri Mompelat
- Present address: University Joseph Fourier, Pathogenesis and Lentiviral Vaccination Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France.,Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Lionel Tafforeau
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Cell Biology of Viral Infections Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France.,Present address: Cell Biology Lab, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Cell Biology of Viral Infections Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Vincent Maréchal
- UPMC Université Paris 6, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), UMR 1135, ERL CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - George S Baillie
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Henri Gruffat
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France.,Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Joanna B Wilson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Evelyne Manet
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon 69364, France.,Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.,CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon 69364, France
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9
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Abstract
The mitotic spindle has a crucial role in ensuring the accurate segregation of chromosomes into the two daughter cells during cell division, which is paramount for maintaining genome integrity. It is a self-organized and dynamic macromolecular structure that is constructed from microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins. Thirty years of research have led to the identification of centrosome-, chromatin- and microtubule-mediated microtubule nucleation pathways that each contribute to mitotic spindle assembly. Far from being redundant pathways, data are now emerging regarding how they function together to ensure the timely completion of mitosis. We are also beginning to comprehend the multiple mechanisms by which cells regulate spindle scaling. Together, this research has increased our understanding of how cells coordinate hundreds of proteins to assemble the dynamic, precise and robust structure that is the mitotic spindle.
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10
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Abstract
Cytokinesis, a model cell shape change event, is controlled by an integrated system that coordinates the mitotic spindle signals with a mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal network that drives contractility and furrow ingression. Quantitative methods that measure cell mechanics, mechanoresponse (mechanical stress-induced protein accumulation), protein dynamics, and molecular interactions are necessary to provide insight into both the mechanical and biochemical components involved in cytokinesis and cell shape regulation. Micropipette aspiration, fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching are valuable methods for measuring cell mechanics and protein dynamics in vivo that occur on nanometer to micron length-scales, and microsecond to minute timescales. Collectively, these methods provide the ability to quantify the molecular interactions that control the cell's ability to change shape and undergo cytokinesis.
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11
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Abstract
Chromosomes are not only carriers of the genetic material, but also actively regulate the assembly of complex intracellular architectures. During mitosis, chromosome-induced microtubule polymerisation ensures spindle assembly in cells without centrosomes and plays a supportive role in centrosome-containing cells. Chromosomal signals also mediate post-mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) re-formation. Recent studies using novel approaches to manipulate histones in oocytes, where functions can be analysed in the absence of transcription, have established that nucleosomes, but not DNA alone, mediate the chromosomal regulation of spindle assembly and NE formation. Both processes require the generation of RanGTP by RCC1 recruited to nucleosomes but nucleosomes also acquire cell cycle stage specific regulators, Aurora B in mitosis and ELYS, the initiator of nuclear pore complex assembly, at mitotic exit. Here, we review the mechanisms by which nucleosomes control assembly and functions of the spindle and the NE, and discuss their implications for genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zierhut
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Weidemann T, Mücksch J, Schwille P. Fluorescence fluctuation microscopy: a diversified arsenal of methods to investigate molecular dynamics inside cells. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 28:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Recent applications of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in live systems. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3571-84. [PMID: 24726724 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a widely used technique in biophysics and has helped address many questions in the life sciences. It provides important advantages compared to other fluorescence and biophysical methods. Its single molecule sensitivity allows measuring proteins within biological samples at physiological concentrations without the need of overexpression. It provides quantitative data on concentrations, diffusion coefficients, molecular transport and interactions even in live organisms. And its reliance on simple fluorescence intensity and its fluctuations makes it widely applicable. In this review we focus on applications of FCS in live samples, with an emphasis on work in the last 5 years, in the hope to provide an overview of the present capabilities of FCS to address biologically relevant questions.
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14
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Abstract
The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for communication with the cell body. Neuronal regeneration after nerve injury requires new transcription; thus, long-distance retrograde signalling from axonal lesion sites to the soma and nucleus is required. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanistic basis of this system. This has included the discovery of a priming role for early calcium waves; confirmation of central roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling effectors, the importin family of nucleocytoplasmic transport factors and molecular motors such as dynein; and demonstration of the importance of local translation as a key regulatory mechanism. These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rishal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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