1
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Chowdhury AA, Manohar N, Lanzaro A, Kimball WD, Witek MA, Woldeyes MA, Majumdar R, Qian KK, Xu S, Gillilan RE, Huang Q, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Characterizing Protein-Protein Interactions and Viscosity of a Monoclonal Antibody from Low to High Concentration Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5563-5578. [PMID: 37782765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein-protein interactions and formation of reversible oligomers (clusters) in concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions is necessary for designing stable, low viscosity (η) concentrated formulations for processing and subcutaneous injection. Here we characterize the strength (K) of short-range anisotropic attractions (SRA) for 75-200 mg/mL mAb2 solutions at different pH and cosolute conditions by analyzing structure factors (Seff(q)) from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Best fit simulations additionally provide cluster size distributions, fractal dimensions, cluster occluded volume, and mAb coordination numbers. These equilibrium properties are utilized in a model to account for increases in viscosity caused by occluded volume in the clusters (packing effects) and dissipation of stress across lubricated fractal clusters. Seff(q) is highly sensitive to K at 75 mg/mL where mAbs can mutually align to form SRA contacts but becomes less sensitive at 200 mg/mL as steric repulsion due to packing becomes dominant. In contrast, η at 200 mg/mL is highly sensitive to SRA and the average cluster size from SAXS/simulation, which is observed to track the cluster relaxation time from shear thinning. By analyzing the distribution of sub-bead hot spots on the 3D mAb surface, we identify a strongly attractive hydrophobic patch in the complementarity determining region (CDR) at pH 4.5 that contributes to the high K and consequently large cluster sizes and high η. Adding NaCl screens electrostatic interactions and increases the impact of hydrophobic attraction on cluster size and raises η, whereas nonspecific binding of Arg attenuates all SRA, reducing η. The hydrophobic patch is absent at higher pH values, leading to smaller K, smaller clusters, and lower η. This work constitutes a first attempt to use SAXS and CG modeling to link both structural and rheological properties of concentrated mAb solutions to the energetics of specific hydrophobic patches on mAb surfaces. As such, our work opens an avenue for future research, including the possibility of designing coarse-grained models with physically meaningful interacting hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William D Kimball
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta A Witek
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Majumdar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Shifeng Xu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Pele KG, Amaveda H, Mora M, Marcuello C, Lostao A, Alamán-Díez P, Pérez-Huertas S, Ángeles Pérez M, García-Aznar JM, García-Gareta E. Hydrocolloids of Egg White and Gelatin as a Platform for Hydrogel-Based Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023; 9:505. [PMID: 37367175 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative materials are needed to produce scaffolds for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications, including tissue models. Materials derived from natural sources that offer low production costs, easy availability, and high bioactivity are highly preferred. Chicken egg white (EW) is an overlooked protein-based material. Whilst its combination with the biopolymer gelatin has been investigated in the food technology industry, mixed hydrocolloids of EW and gelatin have not been reported in TERM. This paper investigates these hydrocolloids as a suitable platform for hydrogel-based tissue engineering, including 2D coating films, miniaturized 3D hydrogels in microfluidic devices, and 3D hydrogel scaffolds. Rheological assessment of the hydrocolloid solutions suggested that temperature and EW concentration can be used to fine-tune the viscosity of the ensuing gels. Fabricated thin 2D hydrocolloid films presented globular nano-topography and in vitro cell work showed that the mixed hydrocolloids had increased cell growth compared with EW films. Results showed that hydrocolloids of EW and gelatin can be used for creating a 3D hydrogel environment for cell studies inside microfluidic devices. Finally, 3D hydrogel scaffolds were fabricated by sequential temperature-dependent gelation followed by chemical cross-linking of the polymeric network of the hydrogel for added mechanical strength and stability. These 3D hydrogel scaffolds displayed pores, lamellae, globular nano-topography, tunable mechanical properties, high affinity for water, and cell proliferation and penetration properties. In conclusion, the large range of properties and characteristics of these materials provide a strong potential for a large variety of TERM applications, including cancer models, organoid growth, compatibility with bioprinting, or implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karinna Georgiana Pele
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Hippolyte Amaveda
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Mario Mora
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Pilar Alamán-Díez
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez-Huertas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
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4
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Salipante PF. Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011303. [PMID: 38505816 PMCID: PMC10903441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Salipante
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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5
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Ortiz-Orruño U, Quidant R, van Hulst NF, Liebel M, Ortega Arroyo J. Simultaneous Sizing and Refractive Index Analysis of Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Suspensions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:221-229. [PMID: 36525614 PMCID: PMC9835976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle suspensions is a key technology across the nanosciences. Although approaches exist for homogeneous samples, they are often unsuitable for polydisperse suspensions, as particles of different sizes and compositions can lead to indistinguishable signals at the detector. Here, we introduce holographic nanoparticle tracking analysis, holoNTA, as a straightforward methodology that decouples size and material refractive index contributions. HoloNTA is applicable to any heterogeneous nanoparticle sample and has the sensitivity to measure the intrinsic heterogeneity of the sample. Specifically, we combined high dynamic range k-space imaging with holographic 3D single-particle tracking. This strategy enables long-term tracking by extending the imaging volume and delivers precise and accurate estimates of both scattering amplitude and diffusion coefficient of individual nanoparticles, from which particle refractive index and hydrodynamic size are determined. We specifically demonstrate, by simulations and experiments, that irrespective of localization uncertainty and size, the sizing sensitivity is improved as our extended detection volume yields considerably longer particle trajectories than previously reported by comparable technologies. As validation, we measured both homogeneous and heterogeneous suspensions of nanoparticles in the 40-250 nm size range and further monitored protein corona formation, where we identified subtle differences between the nanoparticle-protein complexes derived from avidin, bovine serum albumin, and streptavidin. We foresee that our approach will find many applications of both fundamental and applied nature where routine quantification and sizing of nanoparticles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Ortiz-Orruño
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Romain Quidant
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Niek F. van Hulst
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
- ICREA,
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Matz Liebel
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Jaime Ortega Arroyo
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
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6
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Briole A, Abou B. Molecular rotors in haemoglobin and bovine serum albumin proteins. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220709. [PMID: 36448286 PMCID: PMC9709517 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular rotors are fluorescent viscosity probes and their response in simple fluids is known to be a Förster-Hoffman power law, allowing the viscosity of the medium to be quantified by its fluorescence intensity. They are attractive probes in biological media, usually consisting of proteins, but how does a molecular rotor behave in a protein solution? The response of the DASPI molecular rotor is compared in two globular protein solutions of similar size, haemoglobin (Hb) and bovine serum albumin, one absorbent, the other not. In absorbent Hb, a model validated by experiments in triangular geometry allows one to correct the absorbing effect and to compare the rotor response in both proteins. With concomitant microrheology measurements, we investigate the relation between the DASPI fluorescence intensity and solution viscosity. In protein solutions, we show that viscosity is no longer the parameter determining the rotor response in contrast to simple fluids. Varying the viscosity by concentration or temperature is not equivalent, and the Förster-Hoffmann power laws do not apply when the solution concentration varies. We show that the concentration regime of the protein solution, semi-dilute or concentrated, determines the sensitivity of the rotor to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Briole
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS—Université Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Abou
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS—Université Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
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7
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Virk SS, Underhill PT. Application of a Simple Short-Range Attraction and Long-Range Repulsion Colloidal Model toward Predicting the Viscosity of Protein Solutions. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4233-4240. [PMID: 36129361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some hard-sphere colloidal models have been criticized for inaccurately predicting the solution viscosity of complex biological molecules like proteins. Competing short-range attractions and long-range repulsions, also known as short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) interactions, have been thought to affect the microstructure of a protein solution at low to moderate ionic strength. However, such interactions have been implicated primarily in causing phase transition, protein gelation, or reversible cluster formation, and their effect on protein solution viscosity change is not fully understood. In this work, we show the application of a hard-sphere colloidal model with SALR interactions toward predicting the viscosity of dilute to semi-dilute protein solutions. The comparison is performed for a globular-shaped albumin and Y-shaped therapeutic monoclonal antibody that are not explained by previous colloidal models. The model predictions show that it is the coupling between attractions and repulsions that gives rise to the observed experimental trends in solution viscosity as a function of pH, concentration, and ionic strength. The parameters of the model are obtained from measurements of the second virial coefficient and net surface charge/zeta-potential, without additional fitting of the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitoj Singh Virk
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Patrick T Underhill
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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8
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Pstras L, Ronco C, Tattersall J. Basic physics of hemodiafiltration. Semin Dial 2022; 35:390-404. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Pstras
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova Padova Italy
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9
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Colloid-like solution behavior of computationally designed coiled coil bundlemers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1974-1982. [PMID: 34749446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of isotropic potential models of simple colloids for describing complex protein-protein interactions is a topic of ongoing debate in the biophysical community. This contention stems from the unavailability of synthetic protein-like model particles that are amenable to systematic experimental characterization. In this article, we test the utility of colloidal theory to capture the solution structure, interactions and dynamics of novel globular protein-mimicking, computationally designed peptide assemblies called bundlemers that are programmable model systems at the intersection of colloids and proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of semi-dilute bundlemer solutions in low and high ionic strength solution indicate that bundlemers interact locally via repulsive interactions that can be described by a screened repulsive potential. We also present neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy results that show high-Q freely-diffusive dynamics of bundlemers. Importantly, formation of clusters due to short-range attractive, inter-bundlemer interactions is observed in SANS even at dilute bundlemer concentrations, which is indicative of the complexity of the bundlemer charged surface. The similarities and differences between bundlemers and simple colloidal as well as complex protein-protein interactions is discussed in detail.
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10
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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11
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A microfluidic approach to studying the injection flow of concentrated albumin solutions. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:783. [PMID: 34723096 PMCID: PMC8550001 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Subcutaneous injection by means of prefilled syringes allows patients to self-administrate high-concentration (100 g/L or more) protein-based drugs. Although the shear flow of concentrated globulins or monoclonal antibodies has been intensively studied and related to the injection force proper of SC processes, very small attention has been paid to the extensional behavior of this category of complex fluids. This work focuses on the flow of concentrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions through a microfluidic “syringe-on-chip” contraction device which shares some similarities with the geometry of syringes used in SC self-injection. By comparing the velocity and pressure measurements in complex flow with rheometric shear measurements obtained by means of the “Rheo-chip” device, it is shown that the extensional viscosity plays an important role in the injection process of protinaceous drugs. Article Highlights A microfluidic “syringe on chip” device mimicking the injection flow of protinaceous drugs has been developed. The velocity field of concentrated BSA solutions through the “syringe on chip” is Newtonian-like. The extensional viscosity of concentrated protein solutions should also be considered when computing injection forces through needles.
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12
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Droplet-Based Microfluidic Tool to Quantify Viscosity of Concentrating Protein Solutions. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1765-1775. [PMID: 34664208 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurement of the viscosity of concentrated protein solutions is vital for the manufacture and delivery of protein therapeutics. Conventional methods for viscosity measurements require large solution volumes, creating a severe limitation during the early stage of protein development. The goal of this work is to develop a robust technique that requires minimal sample. METHODS In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic device is developed to quantify the viscosity of protein solutions while concentrating in micrometer-scale droplets. The technique requires only microliters of sample. The corresponding viscosity is characterized by multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). RESULTS We show that the viscosities quantified in the microfluidic device are consistent with macroscopic results measured by a conventional rheometer for poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) solutions. The technique was further applied to quantify viscosities of well-studied lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. Comparison to both macroscopic measurements and models (Krieger-Dougherty model) demonstrate the validity of the approach. CONCLUSION The droplet-based microfluidic device provides accurate quantitative values of viscosity over a range of concentrations for protein solutions with small sample volumes (~ μL) and high compositional resolution. This device will be extended to study the effect of different excipients and other additives on the viscosity of protein solutions.
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13
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Roche A, Gentiluomo L, Sibanda N, Roessner D, Friess W, Trainoff SP, Curtis R. Towards an improved prediction of concentrated antibody solution viscosity using the Huggins coefficient. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1813-1824. [PMID: 34624723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of a monoclonal antibody solution must be monitored and controlled as it can adversely affect product processing, packaging and administration. Engineering low viscosity mAb formulations is challenging as prohibitive amounts of material are required for concentrated solution analysis, and it is difficult to predict viscosity from parameters obtained through low-volume, high-throughput measurements such as the interaction parameter, kD, and the second osmotic virial coefficient, B22. As a measure encompassing the effect of intermolecular interactions on dilute solution viscosity, the Huggins coefficient, kh, is a promising candidate as a parameter measureable at low concentrations, but indicative of concentrated solution viscosity. In this study, a differential viscometry technique is developed to measure the intrinsic viscosity, [η], and the Huggins coefficient, kh, of protein solutions. To understand the effect of colloidal protein-protein interactions on the viscosity of concentrated protein formulations, the viscometric parameters are compared to kD and B22 of two mAbs, tuning the contributions of repulsive and attractive forces to the net protein-protein interaction by adjusting solution pH and ionic strength. We find a strong correlation between the concentrated protein solution viscosity and the kh but this was not observed for the kD or the b22, which have been previously used as indicators of high concentration viscosity. Trends observed in [η] and kh values as a function of pH and ionic strength are rationalised in terms of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Roche
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Currently at: National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Gentiluomo
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 18, 56307 Dernbach, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany; Currently at: Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstraße 18B, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Sibanda
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Dierk Roessner
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 18, 56307 Dernbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steven P Trainoff
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Goleta, CA 93117, United States
| | - Robin Curtis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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15
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Pathak JA, Nugent S, Bender MF, Roberts CJ, Curtis RJ, Douglas JF. Comparison of Huggins Coefficients and Osmotic Second Virial Coefficients of Buffered Solutions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:601. [PMID: 33671342 PMCID: PMC7922252 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Huggins coefficient kH is a well-known metric for quantifying the increase in solution viscosity arising from intermolecular interactions in relatively dilute macromolecular solutions, and there has been much interest in this solution property in connection with developing improved antibody therapeutics. While numerous kH measurements have been reported for select monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) solutions, there has been limited study of kH in terms of the fundamental molecular interactions that determine this property. In this paper, we compare measurements of the osmotic second virial coefficient B22, a common metric of intermolecular and interparticle interaction strength, to measurements of kH for model antibody solutions. This comparison is motivated by the seminal work of Russel for hard sphere particles having a short-range "sticky" interparticle interaction, and we also compare our data with known results for uncharged flexible polymers having variable excluded volume interactions because proteins are polypeptide chains. Our observations indicate that neither the adhesive hard sphere model, a common colloidal model of globular proteins, nor the familiar uncharged flexible polymer model, an excellent model of intrinsically disordered proteins, describes the dependence of kH of these antibodies on B22. Clearly, an improved understanding of protein and ion solvation by water as well as dipole-dipole and charge-dipole effects is required to understand the significance of kH from the standpoint of fundamental protein-protein interactions. Despite shortcomings in our theoretical understanding of kH for antibody solutions, this quantity provides a useful practical measure of the strength of interprotein interactions at elevated protein concentrations that is of direct significance for the development of antibody formulations that minimize the solution viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai A. Pathak
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Sean Nugent
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael F. Bender
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Robin J. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8544, USA
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16
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Protein intrinsic viscosity determination with the Viscosizer TD instrument: reaching beyond the initially expected applications. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 50:587-595. [PMID: 33486532 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic viscosity is a key hydrodynamic parameter to understand molecular structure and hydration, as well as intramolecular interactions. Commercially available instruments measure intrinsic viscosity by recording the macromolecular mobility in a capillary. These instruments monitor Taylor dispersion using an absorbance or fluorescence detector. By design, these instruments behave like U-tube viscometers. To our knowledge, there are no studies to date showing that the Viscosizer TD instrument (Malvern-Panalytical) is able to measure the intrinsic viscosity of macromolecules. In this study, we then performed our assays on the Poly(ethylene oxide) polymer (PEO), used classically as a standard for viscometry measurements and on three model proteins: the bovine serum albumin (BSA), the bevacizumab monoclonal antibody, and the RTX Repeat Domain (RD) of the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA). The presence of P20 in the samples is critical to get reliable results. The data obtained with our in-house protocol show a strong correlation with intrinsic viscosity values obtained using conventional techniques. However, with respect to them, our measurements could be performed at relatively low concentrations, between 2 and 5 mg/ml, using only 7 µL per injection. Altogether, our results show that the Viscosizer TD instrument is able to measure intrinsic viscosities in a straightforward manner. This simple and innovative approach should give a new boost to intrinsic viscosity measurements and should reignite the interest of biophysicists, immunologists, structural biologists and other researchers for this key physicochemical parameter.
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17
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Associative interactions between pullulan and negatively charged bovine serum albumin in physiological saline solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Micro- and macro-viscosity relations in high concentration antibody solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Coffman J, Marques B, Orozco R, Aswath M, Mohammad H, Zimmermann E, Khouri J, Griesbach J, Izadi S, Williams A, Sankar K, Walters B, Lin J, Hepbildikler S, Schiel J, Welsh J, Ferreira G, Delmar J, Mody N, Afdahl C, Cui T, Khalaf R, Hanke A, Pampel L, Parimal S, Hong X, Patil U, Pollard J, Insaidoo F, Robinson J, Chandra D, Blanco M, Panchal J, Soundararajan S, Roush D, Tugcu N, Cramer S, Haynes C, Willson RC. Highland games: A benchmarking exercise in predicting biophysical and drug properties of monoclonal antibodies from amino acid sequences. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2100-2115. [PMID: 32255523 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical product and process development do not yet take advantage of predictive computational modeling to nearly the degree seen in industries based on smaller molecules. To assess and advance progress in this area, spirited coopetition (mutually beneficial collaboration between competitors) was successfully used to motivate industrial scientists to develop, share, and compare data and methods which would normally have remained confidential. The first "Highland Games" competition was held in conjunction with the October 2018 Recovery of Biological Products Conference in Ashville, NC, with the goal of benchmarking and assessment of the ability to predict development-related properties of six antibodies from their amino acid sequences alone. Predictions included purification-influencing properties such as isoelectric point and protein A elution pH, and biophysical properties such as stability and viscosity at very high concentrations. Essential contributions were made by a large variety of individuals, including companies which consented to provide antibody amino acid sequences and test materials, volunteers who undertook the preparation and experimental characterization of these materials, and prediction teams who attempted to predict antibody properties from sequence alone. Best practices were identified and shared, and areas in which the community excels at making predictions were identified, as well as areas presenting opportunities for considerable improvement. Predictions of isoelectric point and protein A elution pH were especially good with all-prediction average errors of 0.2 and 1.6 pH unit, respectively, while predictions of some other properties were notably less good. This manuscript presents the events, methods, and results of the competition, and can serve as a tutorial and as a reference for in-house benchmarking by others. Organizations vary in their policies concerning disclosure of methods, but most managements were very cooperative with the Highland Games exercise, and considerable insight into common and best practices is available from the contributed methods. The accumulated data set will serve as a benchmarking tool for further development of in silico prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Marques
- Process Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Hasan Mohammad
- ProUnlimited supporting Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, California
| | | | - Joelle Khouri
- ProUnlimited supporting Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, California
| | | | - Saeed Izadi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Jasper Lin
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - John Schiel
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, Maryland
| | - John Welsh
- Pall Life Sciences, Portsmouth, UK.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siddharth Parimal
- Downstream Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuan Hong
- Protein Design and Informatics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Ujwal Patil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer Pollard
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Francis Insaidoo
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Julie Robinson
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Divya Chandra
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Marco Blanco
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Jainik Panchal
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - David Roush
- BioProcess Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Nihal Tugcu
- Purification Process Development, Sanofi-aventis, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Haynes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard C Willson
- Protein Design and Informatics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ITESM, Monterrey, Mexico
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20
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Dear BJ, Chowdhury A, Hung JJ, Karouta CA, Ramachandran K, Nieto MP, Wilks LR, Sharma A, Shay TY, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Relating Collective Diffusion, Protein–Protein Interactions, and Viscosity of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibodies through Dynamic Light Scattering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carl A. Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria P. Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Logan R. Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tony Y. Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason K. Cheung
- Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization, Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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21
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Aguirre-Montesdeoca V, Janssen AE, Van der Padt A, Boom R. Modelling ultrafiltration performance by integrating local (critical) fluxes along the membrane length. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Kumar S, Yadav I, Ray D, Abbas S, Saha D, Aswal VK, Kohlbrecher J. Evolution of Interactions in the Protein Solution As Induced by Mono and Multivalent Ions. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2123-2134. [PMID: 30908911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of interactions in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein solution on addition of mono and multivalent (di, tri and tetra) counterions has been studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential measurements. It is found that in the presence of mono and divalent counterions, protein behavior can be well explained by DLVO theory, combining the contributions of screened Coulomb repulsion with the van der Waals attraction. The addition of mono or divalent salts in protein solution reduces the repulsive barrier and hence the overall interaction becomes attractive, but the system remains in one-phase for the entire concentration range of the salts, added in the system. However, contrary to DLVO theory, the protein solution undergoes a reentrant phase transition from one-phase to a two-phase system and then back to the one-phase system in the presence of tri and tetravalent counterions. The results show that tri and tetravalent (unlike mono and divalent) counterions induce short-range attraction between the protein molecules, leading to the transformation from one-phase to two-phase system. The two-phase is characterized by the fractal structure of protein aggregates. The excess condensation of these higher-valent counterions in the double layer around the BSA causes the reversal of charge of the protein molecules resulting into reentrant of the one-phase, at higher salt concentrations. The complete phase behavior with mono and multivalent ions has been explained in terms of the interplay of electrostatic repulsion and ion-induced short-range attraction between the protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Kumar
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India.,Division of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Frescativagen 8 , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - Sohrab Abbas
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - Debasish Saha
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India.,Department of Science and Technology , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai 400 094 , India
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 PSI Villigen , Switzerland
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23
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Janc T, Vlachy V, Lukšič M. Calorimetric studies of interactions between low molecular weight salts and bovine serum albumin in water at pH values below and above the isoionic point. J Mol Liq 2018; 270:74-80. [PMID: 30872874 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the temperature and salt concentration dependence of the enthalpy of mixing, Δmix H, of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous buffer solutions with several low molecular weight salts. Three buffers were used: acetate (pH = 4.0), MOPS (7.2), and borate (9.2). Since the isoionic point of BSA is at pI ≈ 4.7, the net charge of BSA in acetate buffer was positive (≈ +20), while in the other two buffer solutions it was negative (≈ -15 in MOPS and ≈ -25 in borate). The majority of the recorded heat effects were exothermic, while only at pH = 9.2 a weak endothermic effect upon mixing BSA with LiCl, NaCl, and KCl was observed. For all buffer solutions the absolute values of Δmix H of sodium salts followed the order: NaCl < NaBr < NaNO3 < NaI < NaSCN, which is the reverse Hofmeister series for anions. The magnitude of the effects was the largest in acetate buffer and decreased with an increasing pH value of the solution. While the effect of varying the anion of the added salts was strongly pronounced at all pH values, the effect of the cation (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl and CsCl salts) was weak. The most interesting feature of the results obtained for pH > pI was the fact that Δmix H were considerably more sensitive to the anion (co-ion to the net BSA charge) than to the cation species. This indicated that anions interacted quite strongly with the BSA even at pH values where the net charge of the protein was negative. We showed that Δmix H at high addition of salts correlated well with the enthalpy of hydration of the corresponding salt anion. This finding suggested, consistently with some previous studies, that a part of the exothermic contribution to Δmix H originated from the hydration changes upon the protein-salt interaction. Theoretical analysis, based on the primitive model of highly asymmetric electrolyte solutions solved within the mean spherical approximation, was used to estimate Coulomb effects upon mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Janc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vojko Vlachy
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Escobedo-Sánchez MA, Segovia-Gutiérrez JP, Zuccolotto-Bernez AB, Hansen J, Marciniak CC, Sachowsky K, Platten F, Egelhaaf SU. Microliter viscometry using a bright-field microscope: η-DDM. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7016-7025. [PMID: 30112557 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00784e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rheological properties of a medium can be inferred from the Brownian motion of colloidal tracer particles using the microrheology procedure. The tracer motion can be characterized by the mean-squared displacement (MSD). It can be calculated from the intermediate scattering function determined by Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM). Here we show that DDM together with the empirical Cox-Merz rule is particularly suited to measure the steady-shear viscosity, i.e. the viscosity towards zero frequency, due to its ability to provide reliable information on long time and length scales and hence small frequencies. This method, η-DDM, is tested and illustrated using three different systems: Newtonian fluids (glycerol-water mixtures), colloidal suspensions (protein samples) and a viscoelastic polymer solution (aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution). These tests show that common lab equipment, namely a bright-field optical microscope, can be used as a convenient and reliable microliter viscometer. Because η-DDM requires much smaller sample volumes than classical rheometry, only a few microliters, it is particularly useful for biological and soft matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Escobedo-Sánchez
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Skliar M, Chernyshev VS, Belnap DM, Sergey GV, Al-Hakami SM, Bernard PS, Stijleman IJ, Rachamadugu R. Membrane proteins significantly restrict exosome mobility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:1055-1059. [PMID: 29777705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane nanovesicles implicated in cell-to-cell signaling in which they transfer their molecular cargo from the parent to the recipient cells. This role essentially depends on the exosomes' small size, which is the prerequisite for their rapid migration through the crowded extracellular matrix and into and out of circulation. Here we report much lower exosome mobility than expected from the size of their vesicles, implicate membrane proteins in a substantially impeded rate of migration, and suggest an approach to quantifying the impact. The broadly distributed excess hydrodynamic resistance provided by surface proteins produces a highly heterogeneous and microenvironment-dependent hindrance to exosome mobility. The implications of the findings on exosome-mediated signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Skliar
- Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Vasiliy S Chernyshev
- Center for Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia; Biopharmaceutical Cluster 'Northern', Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per. 9/7, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - David M Belnap
- Biochemistry and Biology Departments, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - German V Sergey
- Biopharmaceutical Cluster 'Northern', Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per. 9/7, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Samer M Al-Hakami
- Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Inge J Stijleman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rakesh Rachamadugu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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26
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Wang W, Lilyestrom WG, Hu ZY, Scherer TM. Cluster Size and Quinary Structure Determine the Rheological Effects of Antibody Self-Association at High Concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2138-2154. [PMID: 29359938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The question of how nonspecific reversible intermolecular protein interactions affect solution rheology at high concentrations is fundamentally rooted in the translation of nanometer-scale interactions into macroscopic properties. Well-defined solutions of purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide a useful system with which to investigate the manifold intricacies of weak protein interactions at high concentrations. Recently, characterization of self-associating IgG1 antibody (mAb2) solutions has established the direct role of protein clusters on concentrated mAb rheology. Expanding on our earlier work with three additional mAbs (mAb1, mAb3, and mAb4), the observed concentration-dependent static light scattering and rheological data present a substantially more complex relationship between protein interactions and solution viscosity at high concentrations. The four mAb systems exhibited divergent correlations between cluster formation (size) and concentrated solution viscosities dependent on mAb primary sequence and solution conditions. To address this challenge, well-established features of colloidal cluster phenomena could be applied as a framework for interpreting our observations. The initial stages of mAb cluster formation were investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and ensemble-optimized fit methods, to uncover shifts in the dimer structure populations which are produced by changes in mAb interaction modes and association valence under the different solution conditions. Analysis of mAb average cluster number and effective hydrodynamic radii at high concentrations revealed cluster architectures can have a wide range of fractal dimensions. Collectively, the static light scattering, SAXS, and rheological characterization demonstrate that nonspecific and anisotropic attractive intermolecular interactions produce antibody clusters with different quinary structures to regulate the rheological properties of concentrated mAb solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wayne G Lilyestrom
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhi Yu Hu
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas M Scherer
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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27
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Hong T, Iwashita K, Shiraki K. Viscosity Control of Protein Solution by Small Solutes: A Review. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 19:746-758. [PMID: 29237380 PMCID: PMC6182935 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666171213114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity of protein solution is one of the most troublesome issues for the high-concentration formulation of protein drugs. In this review, we summarize the practical methods that suppress the viscosity of protein solution using small molecular additives. The small amount of salts decreases the viscosity that results from electrostatic repulsion and attraction. The chaotrope suppresses the hydrophobic attraction and cluster formation, which can lower the solution viscosity. Arginine hydrochloride (ArgHCl) also suppresses the solution viscosity due to the hydrophobic and aromatic interactions between protein molecules. The small molecular additives are the simplest resolution of the high viscosity of protein solution as well as understanding of the primary cause in complex phenomena of protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Hong
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwashita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8573, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8573, Japan
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28
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Detecting protein folding by thermal fluctuations of microcantilevers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189979. [PMID: 29267316 PMCID: PMC5739453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate characterization of proteins in both their native and denatured states is essential to effectively understand protein function, folding and stability. As a proof of concept, a micro rheological method is applied, based on the characterization of thermal fluctuations of a micro cantilever immersed in a bovine serum albumin solution, to assess changes in the viscosity associated with modifications in the protein’s structure under the denaturant effect of urea. Through modeling the power spectrum density of the cantilever’s fluctuations over a broad frequency band, it is possible to implement a fitting procedure to accurately determine the viscosity of the fluid, even at low volumes. Increases in viscosity during the denaturant process are identified using the assumption that the protein is a hard sphere, with a hydrodynamic radius that increases during unfolding. This is modeled accordingly through the Einstein-Batchelor formula. The Einstein-Batchelor formula estimates are verified through dynamic light scattering, which measures the hydrodynamic radius of proteins. Thus, this methodology is proven to be suitable for the study of protein folding in samples of small size at vanishing shear stresses.
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29
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Kalichuk V, Renodon-Cornière A, Béhar G, Carrión F, Obal G, Maillasson M, Mouratou B, Préat V, Pecorari F. A novel, smaller scaffold for Affitins: Showcase with binders specific for EpCAM. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:290-299. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kalichuk
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain Drug Research Institute; Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Ghislaine Béhar
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Federico Carrión
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo; Protein Biophysics Unit; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Obal
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo; Protein Biophysics Unit; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Mike Maillasson
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- Impact, CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS; Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Barbara Mouratou
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain Drug Research Institute; Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials; Brussels Belgium
| | - Frédéric Pecorari
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
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30
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Laber JR, Dear BJ, Martins ML, Jackson DE, DiVenere A, Gollihar JD, Ellington AD, Truskett TM, Johnston KP, Maynard JA. Charge Shielding Prevents Aggregation of Supercharged GFP Variants at High Protein Concentration. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3269-3280. [PMID: 28870080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding protein stability is central to combatting protein aggregation diseases and developing new protein therapeutics. At the high concentrations often present in biological systems, purified proteins can exhibit undesirable high solution viscosities and poor solubilities mediated by short-range electrostatic and hydrophobic protein-protein interactions. The interplay between protein amino acid sequence, protein structure, and solvent conditions to minimize protein-protein interactions is key to designing well-behaved pharmaceutical proteins. However, theoretical approaches have yet to yield a general framework to address these problems. Here, we analyzed the high concentration behavior of superfolder GFP (sfGFP) and two supercharged sfGFP variants engineered to have formal charges of -18 or +15. Under low cosolute conditions, sfGFP and the -18 variant formed a gel or phase separated at ∼10 mg/mL. Under conditions that screen surface charges, including formulations with high histidine or high NaCl concentrations, all three variants attained concentrations up to 250 mg/mL with moderate viscosities. Moreover, all three variants exhibited very similar viscosity-concentration profiles over this range. This effect was not mimicked by high sugar concentrations that exert excluded-volume effects without shielding charge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that charge shielding neutralizes not only long-range electrostatic interactions but also, surprisingly, short-range electrostatic effects due to surface charge anisotropy. This work shows that supercharged sfGFP behavior under high ionic strength is largely determined by particle geometry, a conclusion that is supported by colloid models and may be applicable to pharmaceutically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Laber
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Barton J Dear
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matheus L Martins
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Devin E Jackson
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrea DiVenere
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jimmy D Gollihar
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering and ‡Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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31
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Corbett D, Hebditch M, Keeling R, Ke P, Ekizoglou S, Sarangapani P, Pathak J, Van Der Walle CF, Uddin S, Baldock C, Avendaño C, Curtis RA. Coarse-Grained Modeling of Antibodies from Small-Angle Scattering Profiles. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8276-8290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Corbett
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Max Hebditch
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rose Keeling
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peng Ke
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Sofia Ekizoglou
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Prasad Sarangapani
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777
Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Jai Pathak
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Health, 9 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite
250, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Shahid Uddin
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Clair Baldock
- Division
of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Robin A. Curtis
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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32
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Effect of Aggregation on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Dharmaraj VL, Godfrin PD, Liu Y, Hudson SD. Rheology of clustering protein solutions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:043509. [PMID: 27478524 PMCID: PMC4947037 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High viscosity is a major challenge with protein therapeutics at extremely high concentrations. To overcome this obstacle, it is essential to understand the relationship between the concentration of a protein solution and its viscosity as a function of shear rate and temperature. Here, lysozyme is a model charged globular protein having both short-ranged attraction (SA) and long-ranged repulsion (LR) that promote the formation of dynamic clusters at high concentrations. We report viscosity measurements from a micro-capillary rheometer (using only several microliters of solution) over a wide range of lysozyme solution concentrations, shear rates, and temperatures. Solution structural relaxation dynamics are also probed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of lysozyme's SALR interactions, the viscosity increased dramatically across all shear rates with increasing concentration and decreasing temperature. While most of the solutions exhibited Newtonian behavior, shear thinning was exhibited at the highest concentration (480 g/l) and lowest temperatures at shear rates above approximately 10(4 )s(-1). The onset shear rate for thinning and a structural relaxation rate estimated from a slow-mode measured by DLS are compared. These measurements provide insights into the properties of protein solutions and their microscopic structural origins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven D Hudson
- Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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34
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Audus DJ, Starr FW, Douglas JF. Coupling of isotropic and directional interactions and its effect on phase separation and self-assembly. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074901. [PMID: 26896996 PMCID: PMC4995070 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of molecules and particles in solution often involve an interplay between isotropic and highly directional interactions that lead to a mutual coupling of phase separation and self-assembly. This situation arises, for example, in proteins interacting through hydrophobic and charged patch regions on their surface and in nanoparticles with grafted polymer chains, such as DNA. As a minimal model of complex fluids exhibiting this interaction coupling, we investigate spherical particles having an isotropic interaction and a constellation of five attractive patches on the particle's surface. Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field calculations of the phase boundaries of this model depend strongly on the relative strength of the isotropic and patch potentials, where we surprisingly find that analytic mean-field predictions become increasingly accurate as the directional interactions become increasingly predominant. We quantitatively account for this effect by noting that the effective interaction range increases with increasing relative directional to isotropic interaction strength. We also identify thermodynamic transition lines associated with self-assembly, extract the entropy and energy of association, and characterize the resulting cluster properties obtained from simulations using percolation scaling theory and Flory-Stockmayer mean-field theory. We find that the fractal dimension and cluster size distribution are consistent with those of lattice animals, i.e., randomly branched polymers swollen by excluded volume interactions. We also identify a universal functional form for the average molecular weight and a nearly universal functional form for a scaling parameter characterizing the cluster size distribution. Since the formation of branched clusters at equilibrium is a common phenomenon in nature, we detail how our analysis can be used in experimental characterization of such associating fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra J Audus
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Francis W Starr
- Physics Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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35
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Gonçalves AD, Alexander C, Roberts CJ, Spain SG, Uddin S, Allen S. The effect of protein concentration on the viscosity of a recombinant albumin solution formulation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of protein concentration on solution viscosity in a commercially available biopharmaceutical formulation of recombinant albumin (rAlbumin) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy
- The University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Clive J. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy
- The University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- School of Pharmacy
- The University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Stephanie Allen
- School of Pharmacy
- The University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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36
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Sarangapani PS, Hudson SD, Jones RL, Douglas JF, Pathak JA. Critical examination of the colloidal particle model of globular proteins. Biophys J 2015; 108:724-37. [PMID: 25650939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of globular protein solutions have uniformly adopted a colloidal view of proteins as particles, a perspective that neglects the polymeric primary structure of these biological macromolecules, their intrinsic flexibility, and their ability to sample a large configurational space. While the colloidal perspective often serves as a useful idealization in many cases, the macromolecular identity of proteins must reveal itself under thermodynamic conditions in which the native state is no longer stable, such as denaturing solvents and high protein concentrations where macromolecules tend to have screened excluded volume, charge, and hydrodynamic interactions. Under extreme pH conditions, charge repulsion interactions within the protein chain can overcome the attractive hydrogen-bonding interactions, holding it in its native globular state. Conformational changes can therefore be expected to have great significance on the shear viscosity and other rheological properties of protein solutions. These changes are not envisioned in conventional colloidal protein models and we have initiated an investigation of the scattering and rheological properties of model proteins. We initiate this effort by considering bovine serum albumin because it is a globular protein whose solution properties have also been extensively investigated as a function of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and concentration. As we anticipated, near-ultraviolet circular dichroism measurements and intrinsic viscosity measurements clearly indicate that the bovine serum albumin tertiary structure changes as protein concentration and pH are varied. Our findings point to limited validity of the colloidal protein model and to the need for further consideration and quantification of the effects of conformational changes on protein solution viscosity, protein association, and the phase behavior. Small-angle Neutron Scattering measurements have allowed us to assess how these conformational changes influence protein size, shape, and interprotein interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Hudson
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ronald L Jones
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Jai A Pathak
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
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37
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Castellanos MM, Pathak JA, Leach W, Bishop SM, Colby RH. Explaining the non-newtonian character of aggregating monoclonal antibody solutions using small-angle neutron scattering. Biophys J 2015; 107:469-476. [PMID: 25028888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody solution displays an increase in low shear rate viscosity upon aggregation after prolonged incubation at 40°C. The morphology and interactions leading to the formation of the aggregates responsible for this non-Newtonian character are resolved using small-angle neutron scattering. Our data show a weak repulsive barrier before proteins aggregate reversibly, unless a favorable contact with high binding energy occurs. Two types of aggregates were identified after incubation at 40°C: oligomers with radius of gyration ∼10 nm and fractal submicrometer particles formed by a slow reaction-limited aggregation process, consistent with monomers colliding many times before finding a favorable strong interaction site. Before incubation, these antibody solutions are Newtonian liquids with no increase in low shear rate viscosity and no upturn in scattering at low wavevector, whereas aggregated solutions under the same conditions have both of these features. These results demonstrate that fractal submicrometer particles are responsible for the increase in low shear rate viscosity and low wavevector upturn in scattered intensity of aggregated antibody solutions; both are removed from aggregated samples by filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jai A Pathak
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
| | - William Leach
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ralph H Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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38
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Viscosity Analysis of Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin Protein Solutions: Role of Size, Electroviscous Effect and Protein-Protein Interactions. Pharm Res 2015; 33:155-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Arzenšek D, Kuzman D, Podgornik R. Hofmeister Effects in Monoclonal Antibody Solution Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Arzenšek
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals
Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš SI-1234, Slovenia
- Netica storitve
d.o.o., Reteče 97, Škofja Loka SI-4220, Slovenia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Drago Kuzman
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals
Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Rudolf Podgornik
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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40
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Barnett GV, Qi W, Amin S, Neil Lewis E, Roberts CJ. Aggregate structure, morphology and the effect of aggregation mechanisms on viscosity at elevated protein concentrations. Biophys Chem 2015; 207:21-9. [PMID: 26284891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-native aggregation is a common issue in a number of degenerative diseases and during manufacturing of protein-based therapeutics. There is a growing interest to monitor protein stability at intermediate to high protein concentrations, which are required for therapeutic dosing of subcutaneous injections. An understanding of the impact of protein structural changes and interactions on the protein aggregation mechanisms and resulting aggregate size and morphology may lead to improved strategies to reduce aggregation and solution viscosity. This report investigates non-native aggregation of a model protein, α-chymotrypsinogen, under accelerated conditions at elevated protein concentrations. Far-UV circular dichroism and Raman scattering show structural changes during aggregation. Size exclusion chromatography and laser light scattering are used to monitor the progression of aggregate growth and monomer loss. Monomer loss is concomitant with increased β-sheet structures as monomers are added to aggregates, which illustrate a transition from a native monomeric state to an aggregate state. Aggregates grow predominantly through monomer-addition, resulting in a semi-flexible polymer morphology. Analysis of aggregation growth kinetics shows that pH strongly affects the characteristic timescales for nucleation (τn) and growth (τg), while the initial protein concentration has only minor effects on τn or τg. Low-shear viscosity measurements follow a common scaling relationship between average aggregate molecular weight (Mw(agg)) and concentration (σ), which is consistent with semi-dilute polymer-solution theory. The results establish a link between aggregate growth mechanisms, which couple Mw(agg) and σ, to increases in solution viscosity even at these intermediate protein concentrations (less than 3w/v %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory V Barnett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Wei Qi
- Malvern Biosciences Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Samiul Amin
- Malvern Biosciences Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - E Neil Lewis
- Malvern Biosciences Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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41
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Binabaji E, Ma J, Zydney AL. Intermolecular Interactions and the Viscosity of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3102-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Hudson SD, Sarangapani P, Pathak JA, Migler KB. A Microliter Capillary Rheometer for Characterization of Protein Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:678-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Roberts D, Keeling R, Tracka M, van der Walle CF, Uddin S, Warwicker J, Curtis R. Specific Ion and Buffer Effects on Protein–Protein Interactions of a Monoclonal Antibody. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:179-93. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Roberts
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - R. Keeling
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - M. Tracka
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune, Ltd., Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - C. F. van der Walle
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune, Ltd., Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - S. Uddin
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune, Ltd., Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - J. Warwicker
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - R. Curtis
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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44
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45
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Grimaldo M, Roosen-Runge F, Zhang F, Seydel T, Schreiber F. Diffusion and Dynamics of γ-Globulin in Crowded Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:7203-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504135z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grimaldo
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), B.P.156, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), B.P.156, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), B.P.156, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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