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Predatu P, David D, Kirsch I, Florean S, Predatu R. Reciprocal relationships between positive expectancies and positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-lagged panel study. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38616530 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2341874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research highlighted the importance of investigating distinct protective factors that predict the experience of positive emotions during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we specifically focused on positive expectancies towards the future (optimism, response expectancy, and response hope) in relation to the experience of positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary objectives were to identify the best predictors for experiencing short-term and long-term positive emotions and investigate their interrelationships. METHODS Data from 271 participants (average age = 29.2 years, 84.7% female) were analyzed using four cross-lagged models. RESULTS Results showed that response expectancy was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the short term, while optimism was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the long term. Additionally, through further exploratory analysis, multiple bidirectional relationships were identified between positive expectancies and positive emotions. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the significant role played by positive expectancies in predicting the experience of positive emotions. Specifically, dispositional optimism emerged as a stronger predictor of longer-term positive emotions, whereas response expectancy proved to be a better predictor of shorter-term positive emotions. Thus, interventions targeting positive expectancies have the potential to enhance emotional functioning in individuals during challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irving Kirsch
- Program in Placebo Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelian Florean
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kaiser RH, Moser AD, Neilson C, Peterson EC, Jones J, Hough CM, Rosenberg BM, Sandman CF, Schneck CD, Miklowitz DJ, Friedman NP. Mood Symptom Dimensions and Developmental Differences in Neurocognition in Adolescence. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:308-325. [PMID: 37309523 PMCID: PMC10259862 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is critical period of neurocognitive development as well as increased prevalence of mood pathology. This cross-sectional study replicated developmental patterns of neurocognition and tested whether mood symptoms moderated developmental effects. Participants were 419 adolescents (n=246 with current mood disorders) who completed reward learning and executive functioning tasks, and reported on age, puberty, and mood symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed a quadratic relationship between puberty and reward learning performance that was moderated by symptom severity: in early puberty, adolescents reporting higher manic symptoms exhibited heightened reward learning performance (better maximizing of rewards on learning tasks), whereas adolescents reporting elevated anhedonia showed blunted reward learning performance. Models also showed a linear relationship between age and executive functioning that was moderated by manic symptoms: adolescents reporting higher mania showed poorer executive functioning at older ages. Findings suggest neurocognitive development is altered in adolescents with mood pathology and suggest directions for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselinde H Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Amelia D Moser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Chiara Neilson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Elena C Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Jenna Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naomi P Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
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Xie T, Wen J, Liu X, Wang J, Poppen PJ. Utilizing network analysis to understand the structure of depression in Chinese adolescents: Replication with three depression scales. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 35669214 PMCID: PMC9157480 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depression involves a heterogenous collection of symptoms. Network perspective views depressive symptoms as an interrelated network. The current study aimed to replicate network analyses on adolescent depression in three samples assessed with three instruments to examine the consistency of network structures and also examine the variance of networks between genders. Three samples of adolescents (total N = 4375, mean age = 15, 49.1% boys) were assessed with PHQ-9, SMFQ and CDI, respectively. Network analyses were carried out on depression symptoms. Network stability, node centrality and network comparisons between genders were examined. Three networks were reliably stable. Sadness and self-hatred were unanimously identified to be central symptoms of adolescent depression in three networks. In addition, fatigue, no good, everything wrong and loneliness also appeared to be central in specific networks. Among three depression networks, PHQ-9 network demonstrated gender difference in network structure. The current study is exploratory in nature. The differences in three networks can be due to various samples or different node inclusions. Further, the study is cross-sectional precluding causal interpretation and the samples are nonclinical. Besides "hallmark" symptom sadness, self-hatred was also identified unanimously in three networks, which demonstrated the significant role self-worth played in adolescent depression. The results also suggested that differences in node inclusion may have influence on the network structure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03201-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paul J. Poppen
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Li J, Li B, Yang X, Sun Q, Yan J, Wang Z, Liu H. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Risk of Depression in Offspring: a Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:5458611. [PMID: 35685596 PMCID: PMC9159193 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5458611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been related to poor consequences of mental health in offspring. However, it remains unknown whether maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy is associated with depression in the offspring. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed accordingly. Relevant observational studies were identified from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A fixed-effect or a random-effect model was selected dependending on the between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Eight cohort studies were included. The heterogeneity was not significant (I 2 = 14%). A meta-analysis with a fixed-effect model showed that PAE was associated with a higher risk of depression in offspring (odds ratio (OR): 2.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61 to 3.25, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that moderate (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.49, p=0.002, I 2 = 0%) or heavy (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.73, p < 0.001, I 2 = 0%) maternal alcohol drinking in pregnancy was associated with depression in offspring, but not for those with low maternal alcohol drinking (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.44, p=0.10, I 2 = 0%). Further subgroup analyses according to study design, timing of PAE evaluation, age at depression diagnosis, and quality scores showed consistent results. Univariate metaregression showed a dose-response association between PAE and offspring depression (coefficient: 0.073, 95% CI: 0.019 to 0.127, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that PAE may be a risk factor of depression in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xingjie Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
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Deng W, Gadassi Polack R, Creighton M, Kober H, Joormann J. Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During COVID-19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:500-516. [PMID: 34448307 PMCID: PMC8646745 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths' mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth's changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, Mage = 11.77) explores the relation between pre-existing emotion regulation strategies, as measured by multi-week daily diaries pre-COVID, and youths' mean positive and negative affect levels and variability during a 28-day period amidst the pandemic, while including COVID-related worries and isolation as important moderators. The findings provide important insight into interactions between pre-existing vulnerabilities and COVID-related stressors in predicting affective adjustment in youth.
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Maternal Depression History Moderates the Association Between Criticism (but not Praise) and Depressive Symptoms in Youth. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1097-1110. [PMID: 33725232 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Children of mothers with past depression are at increased risk for developing the disorder themselves; however, the specific factors that increase their risk are unclear. Aberrant reactivity to social experiences may be one characteristic that increases risk for depression in offspring. This study investigates whether mothers' depression history is associated with increased reactivity to criticism and decreased reactivity to praise in offspring by examining 72 youths (ages 8-15). Every evening for 21 days, youths reported their depressive symptoms and whether they were criticized and/or praised by their mothers, fathers, siblings, and friends, resulting in 1,382 data entries across participants. Mothers reported their own depression history and current depressive symptoms. Maternal depression history moderated offspring's response to criticism. Although all youths reacted to perceived criticism from family members with transient increases of depressive symptoms, only children of mothers with higher (vs. lower) levels of past depression exhibited cumulative, person-level associations between perceived criticism and their own depressive symptoms. Additionally, only children of depressed mothers exhibited increases in depressive symptoms on days in which they were criticized by friends. Perceived parental praise was associated with lower levels of depression in youths regardless of maternal depression. Youth depressive symptoms were more strongly related to their parents' (vs. siblings or friends) criticism and praise, highlighting parents' more central role in youth depression risk. Taken together, our results reveal that maternal depression history is associated with increased reactivity to perceived criticism across relational contexts potentially contributing to youths' risk for developing depression.
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