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Karimi A, Nelson EL. Motor-language links in children with Down syndrome: a scoping review to revisit the literature with a developmental cascades lens. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1275325. [PMID: 37849475 PMCID: PMC10577202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1275325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) typically have motor and language needs. Improving function is a shared goal for the rehabilitation therapy team, however physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology professionals treat patients differently. This difference in care may mask developmental cascades whereby changes in one domain (e.g., motor) can have seemingly unexpected effects on another domain (e.g., language). Objective This scoping review identified papers where motor and language data have been reported together in children with DS and reinterpreted findings from a developmental cascades lens. Design Online databases were used to identify 413 papers published before October 2021 from which 33 papers were retained that reported both motor (gross and/or fine) and language (expressive and/or receptive) data in individuals with DS with a chronological age of 0-18 years. Results The majority of papers (79%) that reported motor and language data in children with DS did not examine their link, while 12% analyzed motor-language links, but using a cross-sectional or retrospective design. Only three papers (9%) utilized a longitudinal design to examine predictive links. Conclusion Motor functioning and language functioning have often been reported together, but not analyzed together, in studies of children with DS. The few studies that did analyze motor-language links largely replicated findings from other developmental populations where motor gains were positively linked to language gains. Analyzing links between domains when such data is available is needed to fully characterize developmental cascades in DS and may have broad clinical implications.
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Klostermann F, Ehlen F, Tiedt HO. Effects of thalamic and basal ganglia deep brain stimulation on language-related functions - Conceptual and clinical considerations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:75-81. [PMID: 35149269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a therapy for various neurological movement disorders. It acts predominantly on motor symptoms, but may unfold a number of mostly subtle cognitive effects. In this regard, reports on particular language-related DBS sequels are comparably frequent, but difficult to overlook, given the heterogeneity of targeted structures in the brain, treated diseases, assessment methods and results reported. Accordingly, available knowledge was organized with respect to important aspects, such as the main DBS loci and surgical versus neuromodulatory therapy actions. Current views of biolinguistic underpinnings of the reviewed data, their clinical relevance and potential implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Jewish Hospital Berlin, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Hannes Ole Tiedt
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Clinic for Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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Cognitive profiles in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1936. [PMID: 35121796 PMCID: PMC8816899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Down syndrome (DS) phenotype is usually characterized by relative strengths in non-verbal skills and deficits in verbal processing, but high interindividual variability has been registered in the syndrome. The goal of this study was to explore the cognitive profile, considering verbal and non-verbal intelligence, of children and adolescents with DS, also taking into account interindividual variability. We particularly aimed to investigate whether this variability means that we should envisage more than one cognitive profile in this population. The correlation between cognitive profile and medical conditions, parents’ education levels and developmental milestones was also explored. Seventy-two children/adolescents with DS, aged 7–16 years, were assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. Age-equivalent scores were adopted, and Verbal and Non-Verbal indices were obtained for each individual. The cognitive profile of the group as a whole was characterized by similar scores in the verbal and non-verbal domain. Cluster analysis revealed three different profiles, however: one group, with the lowest scores, had the typical profile associated with DS (with higher non-verbal than verbal intelligence); one, with intermediate scores, had greater verbal than non-verbal intelligence; and one, with the highest scores, fared equally well in the verbal and non-verbal domain. Three cognitive profiles emerged, suggesting that educational support for children and adolescents with DS may need to be more specific.
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Taverna EC, Huedo-Medina TB, Fein DA, Eigsti IM. The interaction of fine motor, gesture, and structural language skills: The case of autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2021; 86:101824. [PMID: 34306180 PMCID: PMC8294070 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Motor skill differences have been consistently reported in individuals with ASD. Associations between motor skill and social communication skills have been reported in both typical development (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study extends these findings to characterize performance on a fine motor imitation task, probing skills as a predictor of social and communicative functioning, and co-speech gesture use. These research questions were addressed by a secondary analysis of data collected during a previous study characterizing a cohort of individuals who were diagnosed with ASD in early childhood but lost the autism diagnosis (LAD) by the time of adolescence. Fine motor imitation skills were compared between 14 individuals with LAD, 15 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and 12 typically developing (TD) individuals. LAD and TD groups had more advanced fine motor imitation skills than the ASD group, and abilities were significantly associated with ASD symptoms and amount of gesture use (though there was a counterintuitive interaction between group and fine motor skill in the LAD and TD groups only, in which lower motor skills predicted more ASD symptoms; this relationship was of a small effect size and is likely driven by the compressed range of fine motor skills in these two groups). Findings suggest that fine motor skills normalize along with social communication skills and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in individuals who lose the ASD diagnosis, and that individuals with better fine motor abilities produce more co-speech gesture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C. Taverna
- University of Connecticut Department of Psychological Sciences, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06260, United States
| | - Tania B. Huedo-Medina
- University of Connecticut Department of Psychological Sciences, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06260, United States
| | - Deborah A. Fein
- University of Connecticut Department of Psychological Sciences, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06260, United States
| | - Inge-Marie Eigsti
- University of Connecticut Department of Psychological Sciences, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06260, United States
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Locatelli C, Onnivello S, Antonaros F, Feliciello A, Filoni S, Rossi S, Pulina F, Marcolin C, Vianello R, Toffalini E, Ramacieri G, Martelli A, Procaccini G, Sperti G, Caracausi M, Pelleri MC, Vitale L, Pirazzoli GL, Strippoli P, Cocchi G, Piovesan A, Lanfranchi S. Is the Age of Developmental Milestones a Predictor for Future Development in Down Syndrome? Brain Sci 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 34069813 PMCID: PMC8157296 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic alteration responsible for intellectual disability, which refers to deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. According to this, individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) reach developmental milestones (e.g., sitting, walking, and babbling) in the same order as their typically developing peers, but later in life. Since developmental milestones are the first blocks on which development builds, the aims of the current study are to: (i) expand the knowledge of developmental milestone acquisition; and (ii) explore the relationship between developmental milestone acquisition and later development. For this purpose 105 children/adolescents with DS were involved in this study, divided in two groups, Preschoolers (n = 39) and School-age participants (n = 66). Information on the age of acquisition of Sitting, Walking, Babbling, and Sphincter Control was collected, together with cognitive, motor, and adaptive functioning. Sitting predicted later motor development, but, with age, it became less important in predicting motor development in everyday life. Babbling predicted later language development in older children. Finally, Sphincter Control emerged as the strongest predictor of motor, cognitive, language, and adaptive skills, with its role being more evident with increasing age. Our data suggest that the age of reaching the milestones considered in the study has an influence on successive development, a role that can be due to common neural substrates, the environment, and the developmental cascade effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Locatelli
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Onnivello
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Francesca Antonaros
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Agnese Feliciello
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Sonia Filoni
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
- Specialisation School in Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Rossi
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Pulina
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Chiara Marcolin
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Renzo Vianello
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Enrico Toffalini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ramacieri
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Anna Martelli
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Procaccini
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giacomo Sperti
- IRCCS, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Caracausi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Chiara Pelleri
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Lorenza Vitale
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Gian Luca Pirazzoli
- Medical Department, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Guido Cocchi
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Allison Piovesan
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.P.); (L.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Silvia Lanfranchi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (R.V.); (S.L.)
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