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Diniz CG, Magalhães NGM, Sousa AA, Santos Filho C, Diniz DG, Lima CM, Oliveira MA, Paulo DC, Pereira PDC, Sherry DF, Picanço-Diniz CW. Microglia and neurons in the hippocampus of migratory sandpipers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5005. [PMID: 26577847 PMCID: PMC4678657 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla and the spotted
sandpiper Actitis macularia are long- and short-distance migrants,
respectively. C. pusilla breeds in the sub-arctic and mid-arctic
tundra of Canada and Alaska and winters on the north and east coasts of South
America. A. macularia breeds in a broad distribution across most of
North America from the treeline to the southern United States. It winters in the
southern United States, and Central and South America. The autumn migration route of
C. pusilla includes a non-stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean,
whereas autumn route of A. macularia is largely over land. Because
of this difference in their migratory paths and the visuo-spatial recognition tasks
involved, we hypothesized that hippocampal volume and neuronal and glial numbers
would differ between these two species. A. macularia did not differ
from C. pusilla in the total number of hippocampal neurons, but the
species had a larger hippocampal formation and more hippocampal microglia. It remains
to be investigated whether these differences indicate interspecies differences or
neural specializations associated with different strategies of orientation and
navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, PA, Brasil
| | - N G M Magalhães
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A A Sousa
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - C Santos Filho
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - D G Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - C M Lima
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - D C Paulo
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - P D C Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, PA, Brasil
| | - D F Sherry
- Department of Psychology Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C W Picanço-Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Yang XT, Huang GH, Feng DF, Chen K. Insight into astrocyte activation after optic nerve injury. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:539-48. [PMID: 25257183 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Romero-Alemán MDM, Monzón-Mayor M, Santos E, Yanes CM. Regrowth of transected retinal ganglion cell axons despite persistent astrogliosis in the lizard (Gallotia galloti). J Anat 2013; 223:22-37. [PMID: 23656528 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed the astroglia response that is concurrent with spontaneous axonal regrowth after optic nerve (ON) transection in the lizard Gallotia galloti. At different post-lesional time points (0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) we used conventional electron microscopy and specific markers for astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin (Vim), sex-determining region Y-box-9 (Sox9), paired box-2 (Pax2)¸ cluster differentiation-44 (CD44)] and for proliferating cells (PCNA). The experimental retina showed a limited glial response since the increase of gliofilaments was not significant when compared with controls, and proliferating cells were undetectable. Conversely, PCNA(+) cells populated the regenerating ON, optic tract (OTr) and ventricular wall of both the hypothalamus and optic tectum (OT). Subpopulations of these PCNA(+) cells were identified as GFAP(+) and Vim(+) reactive astrocytes and radial glia. Reactive astrocytes up-regulated Vim at 1 month post-lesion, and both Vim and GFAP at 12 months post-lesion in the ON-OTr, indicating long-term astrogliosis. They also expressed Pax2, Sox9 and CD44 in the ON, and Sox9 in the OTr. Concomitantly, persistent tissue cavities and disorganised regrowing fibre bundles reaching the OT were observed. Our ultrastructural data confirm abundant gliofilaments in reactive astrocytes joined by desmosomes. Remarkably, they also accumulated myelin debris and lipid droplets until late stages, indicating their participation in myelin removal. These data suggest that persistent mammalian-like astrogliosis in the adult lizard ON contributes to a permissive structural scaffold for long-term axonal regeneration and provides a useful model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in these beneficial neuron-glia interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Romero-Alemán
- Departamento de Morfología (Biología Celular), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Zou S, Tian C, Ge S, Hu B. Neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cells is not essential to visual functional recovery after optic nerve injury in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57280. [PMID: 23437359 PMCID: PMC3577741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) possesses a strong neural regeneration ability to restore visual function completely after optic nerve injury (ONI). However, whether neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) contributes to functional recovery remains controversial. Our quantitative analysis of RGCs in different ONI models showed that almost all RGCs survived in optic nerve crush (ONC) model; while over 90% of RGCs survived in the first 2 weeks with 75% remaining after 7 weeks in optic nerve transection (ONT) model. Retrograde labeling from tectum revealed a surprising regeneration rate, with over 90% and over 50% of RGCs regrowing axons to tectum at the first week in ONC and ONT model respectively. In the latter one, the number of regenerative RGCs after 4 weeks had no significant difference from the control group. As for neurogenesis, newborn RGCs were rarely detected either by double retrograde labeling or BrdU marker. Since few RGCs died, microglia number showed a temporary increase at 3 days post injury (dpi) and a decrease at 14 dpi. Finally, myelin structure within retina kept integrity and optomotor response (OMR) test demonstrated visual functional restoration at 5 weeks post injury (wpi). In conclusion, our results have directly shown that RGC survival and axon regrowth are responsible for functional recovery after ONI in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shuchao Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Ontogeny of the conus papillaris of the lizard Gallotia galloti and cellular response following transection of the optic nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344:63-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cuadros MA, Santos AM, Martín-Oliva D, Calvente R, Tassi M, Marín-Teva JL, Navascués J. Specific immunolabeling of brain macrophages and microglial cells in the developing and mature chick central nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:727-38. [PMID: 16461367 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6832.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study showed that the HIS-C7 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the chick form of CD45, is a specific marker for macrophages/microglial cells in the developing and mature chick central nervous system (CNS). HIS-C7-positive cells were characterized according to their morphological features and chronotopographical distribution patterns within developing and adult CNS, similar to those of macrophages/microglial cells in the quail CNS and confirmed by their histochemical labeling with Ricinus communis agglutinin I, a lectin that recognizes chick microglial cells. Therefore, the HIS-C7 antibody is a valuable tool to identify brain macrophage and microglial cells in studies of the function, development, and pathology of the chick brain. CD45 expression differed between chick microglia (as revealed with HIS-C7 antibody) and mouse microglial cells (as revealed with an antibody against mouse form of CD45). Thus, a discontinuous label was seen on mouse microglial cells with the anti-mouse CD45 immunostaining, whereas the entire surface of chick microglial cells was labeled with the anti-chick CD45 staining. The functional relevance of these differences between species has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cuadros
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Sánchez-López AM, Cuadros MA, Calvente R, Tassi M, Marín-Teva JL, Navascués J. Activation of immature microglia in response to stab wound in embryonic quail retina. J Comp Neurol 2006; 492:20-33. [PMID: 16175556 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Activation of mature (ramified) microglia in response to injury in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is well documented. However, the response of immature (ameboid) microglia to injury in the developing CNS has received little attention. In this study, a stab wound was made in embryonic quail retinas at incubation days 7 and 9, and the response of retinal microglial cells was analyzed at different times between days 1 and 37 postinjury. The appearance of microglial cells within the wound occurred at the same time as the arrival of the first migrating ameboid microglial cells at an equivalent area in control retinas. Therefore, no specific attraction of microglia toward the wound was observed. Microglial cells in the wound had phenotypic features similar to those of activated microglia in the adult CNS. Thus, their shape was more compact compared with microglial cells outside the wound, expression of the molecule recognized by the QH1 antibody was up-regulated, and their lysosomal compartment was markedly increased. Transitional forms between normal ameboid and activated-like microglial cells were seen at the wound edge, supporting the view that ameboid microglia become activated when they contact the wound during the normal course of their migration in the retina. The microglial reaction was maintained within the wound at 37 days postinjury. In addition to the stab wound, secondary damage areas were found in experimental retinas. Activated cells could still be observed in these areas at 37 days postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, and Banco de Líneas Celulares de Andalucía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Spain
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