1
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Spanoghe J, Larsen LE, Craey E, Manzella S, Van Dycke A, Boon P, Raedt R. The Signaling Pathways Involved in the Anticonvulsive Effects of the Adenosine A 1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010320. [PMID: 33396826 PMCID: PMC7794785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine acts as an endogenous anticonvulsant and seizure terminator in the brain. Many of its anticonvulsive effects are mediated through the activation of the adenosine A1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor with a wide array of targets. Activating A1 receptors is an effective approach to suppress seizures. This review gives an overview of the neuronal targets of the adenosine A1 receptor focusing in particular on signaling pathways resulting in neuronal inhibition. These include direct interactions of G protein subunits, the adenyl cyclase pathway and the phospholipase C pathway, which all mediate neuronal hyperpolarization and suppression of synaptic transmission. Additionally, the contribution of the guanyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades to the seizure-suppressing effects of A1 receptor activation are discussed. This review ends with the cautionary note that chronic activation of the A1 receptor might have detrimental effects, which will need to be avoided when pursuing A1 receptor-based epilepsy therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Spanoghe
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Erine Craey
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Simona Manzella
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Annelies Van Dycke
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Sint-Jan Bruges, 8000 Bruges, Belgium;
| | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Crespo M, León‐Navarro DA, Ruíz MÁ, Martín M. Hyperthermia‐induced seizures produce long‐term effects on the functionality of adenosine A
1
receptor in rat cerebral cortex. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:1-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - David Agustín León‐Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - María Ángeles Ruíz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
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3
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Todorov P, Rangelov M, Peneva P, Todorova N, Tchekalarova J. Anticonvulsant evaluation and docking analysis of VV-Hemorphin-5 analogues. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:425-437. [PMID: 30681179 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
VV-Hemorphin-5 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the Hemorphin family with affinity at opioid receptors. A series of C-amide analogues have been synthesized, based on the structure of VV-Hemorphin-5, modified at position 1 and 7 by the un/natural amino acids (Aa8-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-NH2 and Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Aa1-NH2 ) using SPPS, Fmoc-chemistry. The peptide derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in three acute seizure tests in male ICR mice, the maximal electroshock (MES), the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test, and the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) infusion test. Their neurotoxicity was assessed in the rotarod test. Among the tested peptide analogues, V4 showed anticonvulsant activity in the three seizure tests that was comparable to the VV-Hemorphin-5 (V1) used as a positive control. While V5, V6, and V7 peptide derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the MES and 6 Hz test, they were inactive (V7) or showed pro-convulsant effect (V5 and V6) in the i.v. PTZ test. At a dose of 10 μg/mouse the peptide V2 was effective against clonic seizures induced by PTZ. Motor coordination was not affected by newly developed analogues of VV-Hemorphin-5. Docking study results suggest that kappa opioid receptor binding could be the mechanism of action of peptide derivatives with anticonvulsant activity. The results suggest that incorporation of nonproteinogenic and/or natural amino acids at position 1 and 7 of the VV-Hemorphin-5 scaffold deserve further evaluation in models of epilepsy and derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Laboratory Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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4
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Haulica I, Bild W, Serban DN. Review: Angiotensin Peptides and their Pleiotropic Actions. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 6:121-31. [PMID: 16525942 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2005.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of tissue renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) is now well established and it is now usual to think in terms of renal and tissue systems. At the same time it has emerged that angiotensin II (Ang II) is not the only biologically active peptide generated by the RAS. At least three others have been identified: the heptapeptide Ang III, the hexapeptide Ang IV and Ang 1-7. Specific receptors exits for the last two peptides. In addition, the range of possible physiological and pathophysiological properties for Ang II„ has been expanding. The current perception of the RAS is therefore that of a much more complex system than previously believed, with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine properties extending beyond the cardiovascular system. This mini-review focuses on the synthetic pathways of the Ang peptides and describes some of their pleiotropic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Haulica
- Laboratory for Experimental and Applied Physiology, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
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5
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León-Navarro DA, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Hyperthermia-induced seizures alter adenosine A1
and A2A
receptors and 5′-nucleotidase activity in rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2015; 134:395-404. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Agustín León-Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avenida Camilo José Cela; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - José L. Albasanz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avenida Camilo José Cela; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avenida Camilo José Cela; Ciudad Real Spain
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6
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Clynen E, Swijsen A, Raijmakers M, Hoogland G, Rigo JM. Neuropeptides as targets for the development of anticonvulsant drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:626-46. [PMID: 24705860 PMCID: PMC4182642 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures are due to abnormal excessive and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain caused by a disruption of the delicate balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropeptides can contribute to such misbalance by modulating the effect of classical excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. In this review, we discuss 21 different neuropeptides that have been linked to seizure disorders. These neuropeptides show an aberrant expression and/or release in animal seizure models and/or epilepsy patients. Many of these endogenous peptides, like adrenocorticotropic hormone, angiotensin, cholecystokinin, cortistatin, dynorphin, galanin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, are able to suppress seizures in the brain. Other neuropeptides, such as arginine-vasopressine peptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone, enkephalin, β-endorphin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and tachykinins have proconvulsive properties. For oxytocin and melanin-concentrating hormone both pro- and anticonvulsive effects have been reported, and this seems to be dose or time dependent. All these neuropeptides and their receptors are interesting targets for the development of new antiepileptic drugs. Other neuropeptides such as nesfatin-1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide have been less studied in this field; however, as nesfatin-1 levels change over the course of epilepsy, this can be considered as an interesting marker to diagnose patients who have suffered a recent epileptic seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Clynen
- Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium,
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7
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Effect of acute and chronic tianeptine on the action of classical antiepileptics in the mouse maximal electroshock model. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:379-88. [PMID: 23744422 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of acute and chronic treatment with tianeptine, an antidepressant selectively accelerating presynaptic serotonin reuptake, on the protective activity of classical antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice. METHODS Electroconvulsions were produced by means of an alternating current (50 Hz, 25 mA, 0.2 s) delivered via ear-clip electrodes. Motor impairment and long-term memory deficits in animals were quantified in the chimney test and in the passive-avoidance task, respectively. Brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS Acute and chronic treatment with tianeptine (25-50 mg/kg) did not affect the electroconvulsive threshold. Furthermore, tianeptine applied in both acute and chronic protocols enhanced the anticonvulsant action of valproate and carbamazepine, but not that of phenytoin. Neither acute nor chronic tianeptine changed the brain concentrations of valproate, carbamazepine or phenytoin. On the other hand, both single and chronic administration of tianeptine diminished the brain concentration of phenobarbital. In spite of this pharmacokinetic interaction, the antidepressant enhanced the antielectroshock action of phenobarbital. In terms of adverse effects, acute/chronic tianeptine (50 mg/kg) and its combinations with classic antiepileptic drugs did not impair motor performance or long-term memory in mice. CONCLUSION The obtained results justify the conclusion that tianeptine may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders in the course of epilepsy.
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8
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Turker S, Ilbay G, Severcan M, Severcan F. Investigation of Compositional, Structural, and Dynamical Changes of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures on a Rat Brain by FT-IR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1395-403. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Turker
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41900, Turkey
| | - Gul Ilbay
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41900, Turkey
| | - Mete Severcan
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey
| | - Feride Severcan
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey
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9
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Angiotensin II AT₁ receptors are involved in neuronal activation induced by amphetamine in a two-injection protocol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:534817. [PMID: 24089683 PMCID: PMC3780567 DOI: 10.1155/2013/534817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It was already found that Ang II AT1 receptors are involved in the neuroadaptative changes induced by a single exposure to amphetamine, and such changes are related to the development of behavioral and neurochemical sensitization. The induction of the immediately early gene c-fos has been used to define brain activated areas by amphetamine. Our aim was to evaluate the participation of AT1 receptors in the neuronal activation induced by amphetamine sensitization. The study examined the c-fos expression in mesocorticolimbic areas induced by amphetamine challenge (0.5 mg/kg i.p) in animals pretreated with candesartan, a selective AT1 receptor blocker (3 mg/kg p.o × 5 days), and amphetamine (5 mg/kg i.p) 3 weeks before the challenge. Increased c-fos immunoreactivity was found in response to the amphetamine challenge in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens, and both responses were blunted by the AT1 receptor blocker pretreatment. In the infralimbic prefrontal cortex, increased c-fos immunoreactivity was found in response to amphetamine and saline challenge, and both were prevented by the AT1 receptor blocker. No differences were found neither in ventral tegmental area nor prelimbic cortex between groups. Our results indicate an important role for brain Ang II in the behavioral and neuronal sensitization induced by amphetamine.
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10
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Davoudi M, Shojaei A, Palizvan MR, Javan M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Comparison between standard protocol and a novel window protocol for induction of pentylenetetrazol kindled seizures in the rat. Epilepsy Res 2013; 106:54-63. [PMID: 23619005 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of epilepsy, including pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) chemical kindling, are very important in studying the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to provide behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular evidences to confirm the similarities between standard and a modified protocol named window- (win-) PTZ kindling method. Standard PTZ kindling model was induced by injection of PTZ (37.5mg/kg) every other days. In win-PTZ kindling method, animals received 4 initial PTZ injections and the time of 3 last PTZ injections were determined according to the number of PTZ injections in standard PTZ kindling model. The behavioral signs of kindled seizures were observed for 20 min after each PTZ injection. Field potential recordings were done from the dentate gyrus granular cells following perforant path stimulation. In addition, the expression of γ2 subunit of GABAA receptor, NR2A subunit of NMDA receptor, adenosine A1 receptor, α-CaMKII and GAP-43 were evaluated in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus using RT-PCR technique. All the animals in win-PTZ kindling method group achieved fully kindled state after 3 last PTZ injections. There was no significant difference in population spike amplitude and expression of the mentioned genes during kindling acquisition between standard PTZ kindling model and win-PTZ kindling method. The similarities in electrophysiological and molecular parameters remained after 8 days post fully kindled state. Obtained data showed the similarities between this win-PTZ kindling method and standard PTZ kindling model. Thus, it may be suggested that not all PTZ injections are need for induction of PTZ induced fully kindled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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11
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Ramos SF, Mendonça BP, Leffa DD, Pacheco R, Damiani AP, Hainzenreder G, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Guerrini R, Calo' G, Gavioli EC, Boeck CR, de Andrade VM. Effects of neuropeptide S on seizures and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:197-203. [PMID: 22960046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor were recently discovered in the central nervous system. In rodents, NPS promotes hyperlocomotion, wakefulness, anxiolysis, anorexia, and analgesia and enhances memory when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Herein, NPS at different doses (0.01, 0.1 and 1nmol) was i.c.v. administered in mice challenged with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60mg/kg) repeatedly injected. Aiming to assess behavioral alterations and oxidative damage to macromolecules in the brain, NPS was injected 5min prior to the last dose of PTZ. The administration of NPS only at 1nmol increased the duration of seizures evoked by PTZ, without modifying frequency and latency of seizures. Biochemical analysis revealed that NPS attenuated PTZ-induced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In contrast, the administration of NPS to PTZ-treated mice increased DNA damage in the hippocampus, but not cerebral cortex. In conclusion, this is the first evidence of the potential proconvulsive effects of NPS in mice. The protective effects of NPS against lipid and protein oxidative damage in the mouse hippocampus and cerebral cortex evoked by PTZ-induced seizures are quite unexpected. The present findings were discussed analyzing the paradoxical effects of NPS: facilitation of convulsive behavior and protection against oxidative damage to lipids and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Fábio Ramos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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12
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Li X, Kang H, Liu X, Liu Z, Shu K, Chen X, Zhu S. Effect of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 on amygdala-kindled seizures and progression of amygdala kindling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:257-264. [PMID: 22528231 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 on amygdala-kindled seizures and its roles in epileptogenesis. Electrodes were implanted into the right amygdala of male adult Wistar rats. Kindling was accomplished by using stimulus strength of 500 μA applied daily to the amygdala until 10 consecutive stage 5 seizues were induced. Then effect of ZM241385 was studied in fully kindled rats after intracerebroventricular administration of the drug. In addition, the effect on kindling progression was evaluated through ZM241385 injection before daily stimulation. In all experiments, behavioral changes in the rats in response to ZM241385 were monitored closely. The results showed that, in fully amygdala-kindled rats, ZM241385 (0.001-0.1 nmol/L) decreased afterdischage duration (ADD), motor seizure duration (MSD), stage 5 duration (S5D) and seizure duration (SD), but only the effect on ADD was dose-dependent. The doses of 0.001-0.1 nmol/L had no influence on stage 4 latency (S4L) and seizure stage (SS). The dosages of 0.0001 and 1 nmol/L of ZM241385 did not exert any effect on all seizure parameters. In contrast to the results in fully amygdala-kindled rats, ZM241385 (0.001-0.1 nmol/L) had minimal or no effects on the progression of amygdala-kindled seizures. We are led to the conclusion that although ZM241385 had no influence on the progression of amygdala-kindled seizures, it had potent anti-convulsant profile and little adverse effects at the dosage of 0.001-0.1 nmol/L, suggesting that the agent is effective against the amygdala-kindled seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huicong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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13
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Deletion of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in mice decreases susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized seizures. Seizure 2011; 20:602-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Baines AE, Corrêa SAL, Irving AJ, Frenguelli BG. Differential trafficking of adenosine receptors in hippocampal neurons monitored using GFP- and super-ecliptic pHluorin-tagged receptors. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1-11. [PMID: 21315741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) modulate many cellular and systems-level processes in the mammalian CNS. However, little is known about the trafficking of ARs in neurons, despite their importance in controlling seizure activity and in neuroprotection in cerebral ischaemia. To address this we examined the agonist-dependent internalisation of C-terminal GFP-tagged A(1)Rs, A(2A)Rs and A(3)Rs in primary hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we developed a novel super-ecliptic pHluorin (SEP)-tagged A(1)R which, via the N-terminal SEP tag, reports the cell-surface expression and trafficking of A(1)Rs in real-time. We demonstrate the differential trafficking of ARs in neurons: A(3)Rs internalise more rapidly than A1Rs, with little evidence of appreciable A(2A)R trafficking over the time-course of the experiments. Furthermore, the novel SEP-A(1)R construct revealed the time-course of internalisation and recovery of cell-surface expression to occur within minutes of agonist exposure and removal, respectively. These observations highlight the labile nature of A(1)R and A(3)Rs when expressed at the neuronal plasma membrane. Given the high levels of adenosine in the brain during ischaemia and seizures, internalisation of the inhibitory A(1)R may result in hyperexcitability, increased brain damage and the development of chronic epileptic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Baines
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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15
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Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures affect binding site densities for GABA, glutamate and adenosine receptors in the rat brain. Neuroscience 2009; 163:490-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Vanderheyden PML. From angiotensin IV binding site to AT4 receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302:159-66. [PMID: 19071192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the fragments of the cardiovascular hormone Angiotensin II incited the interest of several research groups. This 3-8 fragment, denoted as Angiotensin IV (Ang IV) causes a number of distinct biological effects (see Introduction), unlikely to be explained by its weak binding to AT(1) and/or AT(2) receptors. Moreover the discovery of high affinity [(125)I]-Ang IV binding sites and their particular tissue distribution led to the concept of the AT(4) receptor. An important breakthrough was achieved by defining the AT(4) receptor as the membrane-bound insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). Crucial for the definition as a receptor the binding of the endogenous ligand(s) should be linked to particular cellular and/or biochemical processes. With this respect, cultured cells offer the possibility to study the presence of binding sites in conjunction with ligand induced signaling. This link is discussed for the AT(4) receptor by providing an overview of the cellular effects by AT(4) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Argañaraz GA, Konno AC, Perosa SR, Santiago JFC, Boim MA, Vidotti DB, Varella PPV, Costa LG, Canzian M, Porcionatto MA, Yacubian EM, Sakamoto AC, Carrete H, Centeno RS, Amado D, Cavalheiro EA, Junior JAS, Mazzacoratti MDGN. The renin-angiotensin system is upregulated in the cortex and hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy related to mesial temporal sclerosis. Epilepsia 2008; 49:1348-57. [PMID: 18363708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As reported by several authors, angiotensin II (AngII) is a proinflammatory molecule that stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines and activates nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), being also associated with the increase of cellular oxidative stress. Its production depends on the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that hydrolyzes the inactive precursor angiotensin I (AngI) into AngII. It has been suggested that AngII underlies the physiopathological mechanisms of several brain disorders such as stroke, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and disease. The aim of the present work was to localize and quantify AngII AT1 and AT2 receptors in the cortex and hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy related to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) submitted to corticoamygdalohippocampectomy for seizure control. METHOD Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR techniques were employed to analyze the expression of these receptors. RESULTS The results showed an upregulation of AngII AT1 receptor as well as its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the cortex and hippocampus of patients with MTS. In addition, an increased immunoexpression of AngII AT2 receptors was found only in the hippocampus of these patients with no changes in its mRNA levels. DISCUSSION These data show, for the first time, changes in components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that could be implicated in the physiopathology of MTS.
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18
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Involvement of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in the effects of the renin–angiotensin fragment angiotensin IV: a review. Heart Fail Rev 2007; 13:321-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-007-9062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Rezvani ME, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Fathollahi Y, Palizvan MR. Changes in neuromodulatory effect of adenosine A1 receptors on piriform cortex field potentials in amygdala kindled rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 565:60-7. [PMID: 17359967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine exerts its anticonvulsants effect through different brain regions including piriform cortex. In this study, the effect of amygdala kindled seizures on adenosine A1 receptor-mediated neuromodulation in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons was tested at 24 h and 1 month after kindling. Animals were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of amygdala. Field potentials were recorded from layer II of piriform cortex pyramidal cells following stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. Obtained results showed that N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist (1, 10 and 100 microM; i.c.v.), reduced A1 slope and B1 amplitude of field potentials in both kindled and non-kindled (control) rats. However, its effects on kindled animals were more potent at 24 h, but not 1 month post-kindling. 8 cyclopenthyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (50 microM, i.c.v.), had no significant effect on the field potential parameters. However, CPT (50 microM, i.c.v.) pretreatment eliminated effects of CHA (10 microM; i.c.v.) on the field potentials. These results indicate that activation of adenosine A1 receptors has an inhibitory effect on the field potentials of piriform cortex pyramidal neurons and the efficiency of adenosine A1 receptor neuromodulation in piriform cortex is increased at short-term (24 h) but return to normal at long-term (1 month) after kindling implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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20
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Uzbay TI, Kayir H, Ceyhan M. Effects of tianeptine on onset time of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: possible role of adenosine A1 receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:412-6. [PMID: 16823386 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric problem in epileptic patients. Thus, it is important that an antidepressant agent has anticonvulsant activity. This study was organized to investigate the effects of tianeptine, an atypical antidepressant, on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in mice. A possible contribution of adenosine receptors was also evaluated. Adult male Swiss-Webster mice (25-35 g) were subjects. PTZ (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to mice 30 min after tianeptine (2.5-80 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline administration. The onset times of 'first myoclonic jerk' (FMJ) and 'generalized clonic seizures' (GCS) were recorded. Duration of 600 s was taken as a cutoff time in calculation of the onset time of the seizures. To evaluate the contribution of adenosine receptors in the effect of tianeptine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine, a specific A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a specific A2A receptor antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC) or their vehicles were administered to the mice 15 min before tianeptine (80 mg/kg) or saline treatments. Tianeptine (40 and 80 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly delayed the onset time of FMJ and GCS. Caffeine (10-60 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently blocked the retarding effect of tianeptine (80 mg/kg) on the onset times of FMJ and GCS. DPCPX (20 mg/kg) but not CSC (1-8 mg/kg) blocked the effect of tianeptine (80 mg/kg) on FMJ. Our results suggest that tianeptine delayed the onset time of PTZ-induced seizures via adenosine A1 receptors in mice. Thus, this drug may be a useful choice for epileptic patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun I Uzbay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Stragier B, Demaegdt H, De Bundel D, Smolders I, Sarre S, Vauquelin G, Ebinger G, Michotte Y, Vanderheyden P. Involvement of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase and/or aminopeptidase N in the angiotensin IV-induced effect on dopamine release in the striatum of the rat. Brain Res 2007; 1131:97-105. [PMID: 17169335 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Locally administered angiotensin IV causes a dose-dependent increase of the dopamine levels in the striatum of the rat. The aminopeptidases insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and/or aminopeptidase N (AP-N) are proposed to be involved in this effect since both enzymes are inhibited by angiotensin IV. In agreement with this hypothesis we demonstrate that by using the AP-N selective inhibitor 7B, about 60% of the aminopeptidase activity in striatal membranes could be attributed to AP-N (pK(i)=9.20). Higher concentrations of 7B are capable of inhibiting IRAP as well (pK(i)=7.26). Interestingly, in vivo, inhibition of IRAP or AP-N activity does not appear to be involved in the angiotensin IV-mediated effect in the striatum since 7B itself is not capable to induce dopamine release such as observed with angiotensin IV. However, 7B at a concentration selective for inhibition of AP-N (100 nM) potentiates the angiotensin IV-mediated increase of dopamine, suggesting that inhibition of AP-N lengthens the half-life of angiotensin IV. On the other hand, inhibition of both AP-N and IRAP by perfusion of 500 nM 7B completely abolishes the effect of angiotensin IV. We therefore hypothesize that the effect of angiotensin IV on dopamine release in the striatum is mediated via activation of IRAP and/or AP-N, possibly acting as receptors for angiotensin IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Stragier
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103 B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Stragier B, Clinckers R, Meurs A, De Bundel D, Sarre S, Ebinger G, Michotte Y, Smolders I. Involvement of the somatostatin-2 receptor in the anti-convulsant effect of angiotensin IV against pilocarpine-induced limbic seizures in rats. J Neurochem 2006; 98:1100-13. [PMID: 16771832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-convulsant properties of angiotensin IV (Ang IV), an inhibitor of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and somatostatin-14, a substrate of IRAP, were evaluated in the acute pilocarpine rat seizure model. Simultaneously, the neurochemical changes in the hippocampus were monitored using in vivo microdialysis. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered Ang IV or somatostatin-14 caused a significant increase in the hippocampal extracellular dopamine and serotonin levels and protected rats against pilocarpine-induced seizures. These effects of Ang IV were both blocked by concomitant i.c.v. administration of the somatostatin receptor-2 antagonist cyanamid 154806. These results reveal a possible role for dopamine and serotonin in the anti-convulsant effect of Ang IV and somatostatin-14. Our study suggests that the ability of Ang IV to inhibit pilocarpine-induced convulsions is dependent on somatostatin receptor-2 activation, and is possibly mediated via the inhibition of IRAP resulting in an elevated concentration of somatostatin-14 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Stragier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Pagonopoulou O, Efthimiadou A, Asimakopoulos B, Nikolettos NK. Modulatory role of adenosine and its receptors in epilepsy: possible therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Res 2006; 56:14-20. [PMID: 16846657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is considered to be the brain's endogenous anticonvulsant as many studies have showed and it is responsible for seizure arrest and postictal refractoriness. Alterations in the adenosinergic system (adenosine and its receptors) have been referred by many previous studies indicating that deficiencies or modifications in the function of this purinergic system may contribute to epileptogenesis. Due to this emerging implication of adenosine in the managing of seizures, a new field of adenosine-based therapies has been introduced including adenosine itself, adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists and adenosine kinase inhibitors. The method with the least side effects (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature or even sedation) is being quested including intracerebral implantation of adenosine releasing cells or devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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24
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Brito VB, Folmer V, Puntel GO, Fachinetto R, Soares JCM, Zeni G, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Diphenyl diselenide and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol increase the PTZ-induced chemical seizure and mortality in mice. Brain Res Bull 2005; 68:414-8. [PMID: 16459195 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction between a classic GABAergic antagonist -- pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with an organoselenium compound -- diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) and with the metal chelating agent -- 2,3 dimercaptopropanol (BAL). Mice were pre-treated with 150 micromol/kg (PhSe)(2) or BAL (250, 500 or 1000 micromol/kg) before treatment with PTZ. Pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) reduced the latency for PTZ-induced seizure at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg and cause a decrease in the latency for PTZ-induced death at the dose of 60 mg/kg. However, treatment with PTZ at dose of 80 mg/kg was not affected by (PhSe)(2) pre-treatment. Pre-treatment with BAL reduced the latency for PTZ-induced seizure at doses of 40 and 50 mg/kg. In addition, the latency for PTZ-induced death at the dose of 40 mg/kg was decreased significantly by pre-treatment with all doses of BAL. At the dose of 50mg/kg, a significant decrease in the latency for death occurred only in mice pre-treated with 500 and 1000 micromol/kg of BAL. Our results indicate that the PTZ-induced chemical seizures and mortality was enhanced by (PhSe)(2) and BAL. These results indicated that (PhSe)(2) and BAL interact with PTZ possibly by modulating the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica B Brito
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CAMPUS UNIVERSITRAIO-CAMOBI, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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