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Termine A, Fabrizio C, Strafella C, Caputo V, Petrosini L, Caltagirone C, Cascella R, Giardina E. A Hybrid Machine Learning and Network Analysis Approach Reveals Two Parkinson's Disease Subtypes from 115 RNA-Seq Post-Mortem Brain Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2557. [PMID: 35269707 PMCID: PMC8910747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine emphasizes fine-grained diagnostics, taking individual variability into account to enhance treatment effectiveness. Parkinson’s disease (PD) heterogeneity among individuals proves the existence of disease subtypes, so subgrouping patients is vital for better understanding disease mechanisms and designing precise treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify PD subtypes using RNA-Seq data in a combined pipeline including unsupervised machine learning, bioinformatics, and network analysis. Two hundred and ten post mortem brain RNA-Seq samples from PD (n = 115) and normal controls (NCs, n = 95) were obtained with systematic data retrieval following PRISMA statements and a fully data-driven clustering pipeline was performed to identify PD subtypes. Bioinformatics and network analyses were performed to characterize the disease mechanisms of the identified PD subtypes and to identify target genes for drug repurposing. Two PD clusters were identified and 42 DEGs were found (p adjusted ≤ 0.01). PD clusters had significantly different gene network structures (p < 0.0001) and phenotype-specific disease mechanisms, highlighting the differential involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulating adult neurogenesis. NEUROD1 was identified as a key regulator of gene networks and ISX9 and PD98059 were identified as NEUROD1-interacting compounds with disease-modifying potential, reducing the effects of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This hybrid data analysis approach could enable precision medicine applications by providing insights for the identification and characterization of pathological subtypes. This workflow has proven useful on PD brain RNA-Seq, but its application to other neurodegenerative diseases is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Termine
- Data Science Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Carlo Fabrizio
- Data Science Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Caputo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
- UILDM Lazio ONLUS Foundation, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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2
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Martín-Ibáñez R, Pardo M, Giralt A, Miguez A, Guardia I, Marion-Poll L, Herranz C, Esgleas M, Garcia-Díaz Barriga G, Edel MJ, Vicario-Abejón C, Alberch J, Girault JA, Chan S, Kastner P, Canals JM. Helios expression coordinates the development of a subset of striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. Development 2017; 144:1566-1577. [PMID: 28289129 PMCID: PMC5399659 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we unravel the mechanism of action of the Ikaros family zinc finger protein Helios (He) during the development of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). He regulates the second wave of striatal neurogenesis involved in the generation of striatopallidal neurons, which express dopamine 2 receptor and enkephalin. To exert this effect, He is expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) keeping them in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, a lack of He results in an increase of S-phase entry and S-phase length of NPCs, which in turn impairs striatal neurogenesis and produces an accumulation of the number of cycling NPCs in the germinal zone (GZ), which end up dying at postnatal stages. Therefore, He−/− mice show a reduction in the number of dorso-medial striatal MSNs in the adult that produces deficits in motor skills acquisition. In addition, overexpression of He in NPCs induces misexpression of DARPP-32 when transplanted in mouse striatum. These findings demonstrate that He is involved in the correct development of a subset of striatopallidal MSNs and reveal new cellular mechanisms for neuronal development. Summary: The transcription factor Helios regulates G1-S transition to promote neuronal differentiation of a striatopallidal neuronal subpopulation involved in motor skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Ibáñez
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Research and Development Unit, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Pardo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguez
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Inés Guardia
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Lucile Marion-Poll
- Inserm UMR-S839; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Herranz
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Research and Development Unit, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esgleas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Díaz Barriga
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael J Edel
- Control of Pluripotency Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010 Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, CCTRM, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Departamento de Neurobiología Molecular, Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S839; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Kastner
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Josep M Canals
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain .,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.,Research and Development Unit, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Ziaei A, Ardakani MRP, Hashemi MS, Peymani M, Ghaedi K, Baharvand H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Acute course of deferoxamine promoted neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway: a novel efficient protocol for neuronal differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2015; 590:138-44. [PMID: 25660235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are feasible therapeutically model cells in regenerative medicine. However, a number of obstacles oppose their applications including insufficiency in differentiation protocols. These complications should be overwhelmed to obtain a significant clinical application. Deferoxamine (DFO), as a small molecule with a clinically high-affinity to chelate intracellular Iron, has been granted orphan drug status for treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury, while its neuroprotective function is not well understood. The aim of the present study is evaluating whether DFO could modulate neuronal differentiation process of NPCs. A varies concentrations of DFO were used to promote neuronal differentiation of mouse and human NPCs with different serum condition as an extracellular source of Iron. Several neural markers were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western analysis. Meanwhile β-catenin content was evaluated as key member of Wnt pathway. The maximal neuronal differentiation rate was observed when treating cells were treated with acute dosage of DFO (100 μM) for 6h in serum free condition. This treatment produced a significant increase in expression of neuronal markers and resulted in dramatically decrease in expression of glial markers. The protein content of β-catenin was also decreased by this treatment. Despite of chronic concentration of DFO, which reduced the size of EBs apparently due to G1/S arrest of cell cycle as known features of DFO. Application of acute courses of DFO increased neuronal differentiation rate of NPCs in serum free conditions. We concluded that suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was induced through chelating of intracellular Iron due to DFO treatment. These findings help to understand therapeutic benefit of DFO as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Piri Ardakani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahare-Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Zhu X, Wang X, Cao G, Liu F, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Mi Y, Liu J, Zhang L. Stem cell properties and neural differentiation of sheep amniotic epithelial cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1210-9. [PMID: 25206415 PMCID: PMC4107608 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to verify the stem cell properties of sheep amniotic epithelial cells and their capacity for neural differentiation. Immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the sheep amniotic epithelial cells were positive for the embryonic stem cell marker proteins SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and the totipotency-associated genes Oct-4, Sox-2 and Rex-1, but negative for Nanog. Amniotic epithelial cells expressed β-III-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2 at 28 days after induction with serum-free neurobasal-A medium containing B-27. Thus, sheep amniotic epithelial cells could differentiate into neurons expressing β-III-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein-2, and glial-like cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein, under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhu
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China ; College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110164, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Mi
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junping Liu
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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5
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids enhance neuronal differentiation in cultured rat neural stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:490476. [PMID: 23365582 PMCID: PMC3556893 DOI: 10.1155/2013/490476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can induce neurogenesis and recovery from brain diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effects of PUFAs have not been conclusively described. We recently reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induced neuronal differentiation by decreasing Hes1 expression and increasing p27kip1 expression, which causes cell cycle arrest in neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on differentiation, expression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (Hes1, Hes6, and NeuroD), and the cell cycle of cultured NSCs. EPA also increased mRNA levels of Hes1, an inhibitor of neuronal differentiation, Hes6, an inhibitor of Hes1, NeuroD, and Map2 mRNA and Tuj-1-positive cells (a neuronal marker), indicating that EPA induced neuronal differentiation. EPA increased the mRNA levels of p21cip1 and p27kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which indicated that EPA induced cell cycle arrest. Treatment with AA decreased Hes1 mRNA but did not affect NeuroD and Map2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, AA did not affect the number of Tuj-1-positive cells or cell cycle progression. These results indicated that EPA could be involved in neuronal differentiation by mechanisms alternative to those of DHA, whereas AA did not affect neuronal differentiation in NSCs.
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6
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Kozlova EN, Berens C. Guiding Differentiation of Stem Cells in Vivo by Tetracycline-Controlled Expression of Key Transcription Factors. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2537-54. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x637407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem or progenitor cells is an attractive strategy for cell replacement therapy. However, poor long-term survival and insufficiently reproducible differentiation to functionally appropriate cells in vivo still present major obstacles for translation of this methodology to clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have revealed that the expression of just a few transcription factors can be sufficient to drive stem cell differentiation toward a specific cell type, to transdifferentiate cells from one fate to another, or to dedifferentiate mature cells to pluripotent stem/progenitor cells (iPSCs). We thus propose here to apply the strategy of expressing the relevant key transcription factors to guide the differentiation of transplanted cells to the desired cell fate in vivo. To achieve this requires tools allowing us to control the expression of these genes in the transplant. Here, we describe drug-inducible systems that allow us to sequentially and timely activate gene expression from the outside, with a particular emphasis on the Tet system, which has been widely and successfully used in stem cells. These regulatory systems offer a tool for strictly limiting gene expression to the respective optimal stage after transplantation. This approach will direct the differentiation of the immature stem/progenitor cells in vivo to the desired cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Nakamura Y, Nakamichi N, Takarada T, Ogita K, Yoneda Y. Transferrin receptor-1 suppresses neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells. Neurochem Int 2011; 60:448-57. [PMID: 22019713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) is a cell membrane-associated glycoprotein responsible for incorporation of the iron bound to transferrin through an endocytotic process from the circulating blood. Iron is believed to play a dual role as an active center of the electron transfer system in mitochondria and as an endogenous cytotoxin through promoted generation of reactive oxygen species in different eukaryotic cells. In this study, we evaluated expression profiles of different genes related to iron mobilization across plasma membranes in neuronal cells. Marked mRNA expression was seen for various iron-related genes such as TfR1 in cultured mouse neocortical neurons, while TfR1 mRNA levels were more than doubled during culture from 3 to 6days. In mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells endowed to differentiate into neuronal and astroglial lineages, a transient increase was seen in both mRNA and corresponding protein for TfR1 in association with neuronal marker expression during culture with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In neuronal Neuro2A cells cultured with ATRA, moreover, neurite was elongated together with increased expression of both mRNA and protein for TfR1. Overexpression of TfR1 significantly decreased the length of neurite elongated, however, while significant promotion was invariably seen in the neurite elongation in Neuro2A cells transfected with TfR1 siRNA as well as in Neuro2A cells cultured with an iron chelator. These results suggest that TfR1 would be highly expressed by neurons rather than astroglia to play a negative role in the neurite outgrowth after the incorporation of circulating transferrin in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukary Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Okui T, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Shido O. Cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid promotes neuronal differentiation through regulation of Hes6 mRNA and cell cycle in cultured neural stem cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:163-9. [PMID: 21723718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid (LA). Cis-9,trans-11-CLA (CLA), the main isomer of CLAs in foods derived from ruminants, has several beneficial effects for humans and animals; however, its effects on the central nervous system are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of LA and CLA on neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs cultured with or without LA and CLA were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, mRNA measurement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors by real-time PCR, BrdU incorporation analysis and flow cytometry analysis. In NSCs treated with CLA, the number of Tuj-1-positive cells (neurons) and the mRNA expression levels of Hes6, MAP2, p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) increased, while the proportion of S-phase cells decreased; compared with the control, no change was demonstrated in NSCs treated with LA. These results suggest that CLA promotes neuronal differentiation by increasing, in part, the expression of Hes6 mRNA and by activating p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) to arrest cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Okui
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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9
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Lee CT, Chen J, Worden LT, Freed WJ. Cocaine causes deficits in radial migration and alters the distribution of glutamate and GABA neurons in the developing rat cerebral cortex. Synapse 2011; 65:21-34. [PMID: 20506319 PMCID: PMC2965825 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal cocaine exposure induces cytoarchitectural changes in the embryonic neocortex; however, the biological mechanisms and type of cortical neurons involved in these changes are not known. Previously, we found that neural progenitor proliferation in the neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) is inhibited by cocaine; here, we examine the changes in cortical neurogenesis and migration of glutamate and GABA neurons induced by prenatal cocaine exposure. Pregnant rats received 20 mg/kg of cocaine intraperitoneally twice at an interval of 12 h during three periods of neocortical neurogenesis. Neocortical area and distribution of developing neurons were examined by counting Tuj1+, glutamate+, or GABA+ cells in different areas of the cerebral cortex. Cocaine decreased neocortical area by reducing the size of the Tuj1+ layer, but only when administered during early periods of neocortical neurogenesis. The number of glutamatergic neurons was increased in the VZ but was decreased in the outer cortical laminae. Although the number of GABA+ neurons in the VZ of both the neocortex and ganglionic eminences was unchanged, GABA+ cells decreased in all other neocortical laminae. Tangential migration of GABA+ cells was also disrupted by cocaine. These findings suggest that in utero cocaine exposure disturbs radial migration of neocortical neurons, possibly because of decreased radial glia guiding support through enhanced differentiation of neocortical VZ progenitors. Cocaine interrupts radial migration of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons within the neocortex, in addition to the tangential migration of GABAergic neurons from the subcortical telecephalon. This may result in abnormal neocortical cytoarchitecture and concomitant adverse functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Lee
- Development and Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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Tsai SY, Lee CT, Hayashi T, Freed WJ, Su TP. Delta opioid peptide DADLE and naltrexone cause cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line. Synapse 2010; 64:267-73. [PMID: 19953654 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have been demonstrated to play an important role in CNS development by affecting proliferation and differentiation in various types of neural cells. This study examined the effect of a stable delta opioid peptide [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) on proliferation and differentiation in an AF5 CNS neural progenitor cell line derived from rat mesencephalic cells. DADLE (1 pM, 0.1 nM, or 10 nM) caused a significant growth inhibition on AF5 cells. The opioid antagonist naltrexone at 0.1 nM also caused growth inhibition in the same cells. When DADLE and naltrexone were both added to the AF5 cells, the resultant growth inhibition was apparently additive. DADLE alone or DADLE in combination with naltrexone did not cause apoptosis as evidenced by negative TUNEL staining. The cell-cycle progression analysis indicated that both DADLE (0.1 nM) and naltrexone (0.1 nM) caused an arrest of AF5 cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint. Neuronal marker indicated that DADLE- or naltrexone-treated AF5 cells tend to differentiate more when compared to controls. Results demonstrate the nonopioid action of both DADLE and naltrexone on cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line. Results also suggest some potential utilization of DADLE and/or naltrexone in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Deferoxamine-induced neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in postnatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell cultures. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:551-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Katakura M, Hashimoto M, Shahdat HM, Gamoh S, Okui T, Matsuzaki K, Shido O. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes neuronal differentiation by regulating basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and cell cycle in neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2009; 160:651-60. [PMID: 19272428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from rat embryonic day 14.5. However the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. One hypothesis supported by DHA controls the expression level of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, such as hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), Mash1, neurogenin1, and NeuroD; another is that previous studies in retinal progenitor cells DHA affects the cell cycle. In this study, we show that treatment with DHA under differentiation conditions without basic fibroblast growth factor, (1) increases Tuj-1 and MAP2 positive cells in NSCs, (2) that the expression level of Hes1 mRNA and protein decreased significantly from day 1 to day 4, on the other hand, the NeuroD mRNA expression level increased from day 1 to day 4 after treatment with DHA and (3) decreased the percentage of S-phase cells, which correlated with prolonged expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1), suggesting that DHA enhances neuronal differentiation of NSCs, in part, by controlling the bHLH transcription factors and promoting cell cycle exit. We therefore speculate that DHA is one of the essential key molecules for neuronal differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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Misumi S, Kim TS, Jung CG, Masuda T, Urakawa S, Isobe Y, Furuyama F, Nishino H, Hida H. Enhanced neurogenesis from neural progenitor cells with G1/S-phase cell cycle arrest is mediated by transforming growth factor beta1. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:1049-59. [PMID: 18783370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a G1/S-phase cell cycle blocker, deferoxamine (DFO), increased the number of new neurons from rat neurosphere cultures, which correlated with prolonged expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27(kip1) [H. J. Kim et al. (2006)Brain Research, 1092, 1-15]. The present study focuses on neuronal differentiation mechanisms following treatment of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) with a G1/S-phase cell cycle blocker. The addition of DFO (0.5 mm) or aphidicolin (Aph) (1.5 microm) to neurospheres for 8 h, followed by 3 days of differentiation, resulted in an increased number of neurons and neurite outgrowth. DFO induced enhanced expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and cdk5 at 24 h after differentiation, whereas Aph only increased TGF-beta1 expression. DFO-induced neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth were attenuated by administration of a cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, suggesting that the neurogenic mechanisms differ between DFO and Aph. TGF-beta1 (10 ng/mL) did not increase neurite outgrowth but rather the number of beta-tubulin III-positive cells, which was accompanied by enhanced p27(kip1) mRNA expression. In addition, TGF-beta receptor type II expression was observed in nestin-positive NPCs. Results indicated that DFO-induced TGF-beta1 signaling activated smad3 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In contrast, TGF-beta1 signaling inhibition, via a TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitor (SB-505124), resulted in decreased DFO-induced neurogenesis, in conjunction with decreased p27(kip1) protein expression and smad3 translocation to the nucleus. These results suggest that cell cycle arrest during G1/S-phase induces TGF-beta1 expression. This, in turn, prompts enhanced neuronal differentiation via smad3 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent p27(kip1) activation in NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Misumi
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Ghio AJ, Stonehuerner JG, Dailey LA, Richards JH, Madden MD, Deng Z, Nguyen NB, Callaghan KD, Yang F, Piantadosi CA. Carbon Monoxide Reversibly Alters Iron Homeostasis and Respiratory Epithelial Cell Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 38:715-23. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0179oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wang F, Zhu Y. The interaction of Nogo-66 receptor with Nogo-p4 inhibits the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2007; 151:74-81. [PMID: 18082332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) has been found throughout axons in the adult and maturing CNS. An interaction of Nogo on the oligodendrocyte surface with NgR on axons has been suggested to play an important role in limiting axonal growth. In our study, we found that neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the spinal cords of rats expressed NgR significantly. After normal NSCs differentiation, the average neuronal neurite length was 97.80+/-6.97 microm and the percentage of differentiated neurons was 34.73+/-5.21% 3 days after the differentiation was initiated in vitro. If NSCs were allowed to differentiate in the presence of Nogo-p4 (the active segment of Nogo-66), the average neurite length and the percentage of differentiated neurons were decreased, respectively, to 60.31+/-6.58 microm and 10.26+/-1.22%. An siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR on NSCs could reverse the inhibitory effect of Nogo-p4 and restore the average neuronal neurite length as well as the percentage of differentiated neurons to 94.01+/-8.37 microm and 31.84+/-4.03%. These results deepen our knowledge about the distribution of NgR and provide a possible strategy of treating NSCs to ameliorate neuronal differentiation after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
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