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Shin Y, Kim S, Sohn JW. Serotonergic regulation of appetite and sodium appetite. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13328. [PMID: 37525500 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to regulate appetite via the serotonin receptors. Likewise, changes in volume status are known to alter the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons and drugs targeting serotonin receptors were shown to affect sodium appetite. Therefore, the central serotonin system appears to regulate ingestion of both food and salt, although neural mechanisms that induce appetite in response to hunger and sodium appetite in response to volume depletion are largely distinct from each other. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge regarding the regulation of ingestion - appetite and sodium appetite - by the central serotonin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungjik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Polli FDS, Gomes JN, Ferreira HS, Santana RC, Fregoneze JB. Inhibition of salt appetite in sodium-depleted rats by carvacrol: Involvement of noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:119-127. [PMID: 30986399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol, a monoterpene phenol present in the essential oil of oregano, possesses several biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive and antinociceptive. In vitro studies have shown that carvacrol inhibits serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine transporters and the enzymes monoamine oxidase-A and B. Different brain functions are controlled by monoamines, including cardiovascular control, thirst and sodium appetite. In the present study we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of carvacrol on sodium appetite, and the participation of brain serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways on carvacrol effects. Neuronal activation in homeostasis-related brain areas induced by i.c.v. injection of carvacrol was also evaluated. Carvacrol dose-dependently inhibited hypertonic saline intake (1.5%) in sodium-depleted rats, and this antinatriorexigenic effect was reduced by brain serotonergic depletion and by alpha-adrenergic blockade. Furthermore, i.c.v. injections of carvacrol significantly increased the neuronal activation in brain areas involved in the control of salt appetite, such as MnPO, OVLT, PVN, SON, CeA and MeA. Taken together, our data show that carvacrol presents antinatriorexigenic activity through serotonin and noradrenaline pathways within brain circuits involved in the modulation of the body fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip de Souza Polli
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Novaes Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hilda Silva Ferreira
- Life Sciences Department, Bahia State University, 41195-001, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rejane Conceição Santana
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Josmara Bartolomei Fregoneze
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Guan L, Qiao H, Wang N, Luo X, Yan J. The purinergic mechanism of the central nucleus of amygdala is involved in the modulation of salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:132-137. [PMID: 30170187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a critical region in regulating sodium intake, and interestingly, purinergic receptors reportedly related to fluid balance, are also expressed in CeA. In this study, we investigated whether the purinergic mechanisms of CeA were involved in regulating sodium intake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had cannulas implanted bilaterally into the CeA and were sodium depleted with furosemide (FURO 20 mg/kg) plus 24 h-sodium deficient food fed. Bilateral injections of the P2X purinergic agonist, α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (α,β-methylene ATP 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 nmol, respectively) into the CeA region induced dose-related reductions in sodium intake without affecting water intake. Injection of P2X purinergic antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS 4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region did not alter sodium and water intake, however, prior injection of PPADS into the CeA area abolished the inhibitory effects on sodium intake by α,β-methylene ATP. Interestingly, prior injection of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region partially reversed the deficit of sodium intake induced by α,β-methylene ATP. These results suggest that purinergic receptors in the CeA are involved in the control of sodium intake in the sodium-depleted rats and this negative modulation may be, at least partly, mediated by the GABAA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is a striatum-like structure orchestrating a diverse set of adaptive behaviors, including defensive and appetitive responses [1-3]. Studies using anatomical, electrophysiological, imaging and optogenetic approaches revealed that the CEA network consists of recurrent inhibitory circuits comprised of precisely connected functionally and genetically defined cell types that can select and control specific behavioral outputs [3,4,5•,6•,7-9,11,12]. While bivalent functionality of the CEA in adaptive behavior has been clearly demonstrated, we are just beginning to understand to which degree individual CEA circuit elements are functionally segregated or overlapping. Importantly, recent studies seem to suggest that optogenetic manipulations of the same, or overlapping cell populations can give rise to distinct, or sometimes even opposite, behavioral phenotypes [5•,6•,9-12]. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of how defined CEA circuits can control defensive and appetitive behaviors, and how seemingly contradictory results could point to an integrated concept of CEA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Fadok
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Milica Markovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Tovote
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lüthi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Nascimento AIR, Ferreira HS, Cerqueira DR, Fregoneze JB. Blockade of central delta-opioid receptors inhibits salt appetite in sodium-depleted rats. Peptides 2014; 55:110-9. [PMID: 24602802 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have investigated the role of central opioid peptides in feeding behavior; however, only a few have addressed the participation of opioids in the control of salt appetite. The present study investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular injections of the δ-opioid antagonist, naltrindole (5, 10 and 20 nmol/rat) and the agonist, deltorphin II (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 nmol/rat) on salt intake. Two protocols for inducing salt intake were used: sodium-depletion and the central injection of angiotensin II. In addition, the effect of a central δ-opioid receptor blockade on locomotor activity, on palatable solution intake (0.1% saccharin) and on blood pressure was also studied. The blockade of central δ-opioid receptors inhibits salt intake in sodium-depleted rats, while the pharmacological stimulation of these receptors increases salt intake in sodium-replete animals. Furthermore, the blockade of central δ-opioid receptors inhibits salt intake induced by central angiotensinergic stimulation. These data suggest that during sodium-depletion activation of the δ-opioid receptors regulates salt appetite to correct the sodium imbalance and it is possible that an interaction between opioidergic and angiotensinergic brain system participates in this control. Under normonatremic conditions, δ-opioid receptors may be necessary to modulate sodium intake, a response that could be mediated by angiotensin II. The decrease in salt intake following central δ-opioid receptors blockade does not appear to be due to a general inhibition of locomotor activity, changes in palatability or in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I R Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, 45200-000 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - H S Ferreira
- Life Sciences Department, Bahia State University, 41195-001 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D R Cerqueira
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J B Fregoneze
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Yan J, Li J, Yan J, Sun H, Wang Q, Chen K, Sun B, Wei X, Song L, Zhao X, Wei S, Han L. Activation of μ-opioid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces hypertonic sodium intake. Neuroscience 2013; 233:28-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sadacca BF, Rothwax JT, Katz DB. Sodium concentration coding gives way to evaluative coding in cortex and amygdala. J Neurosci 2012; 32:9999-10011. [PMID: 22815514 PMCID: PMC3432403 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6059-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, stimulus batteries used to characterize sensory neural coding span physical parameter spaces (e.g., concentration: from low to high). For awake animals, however, psychological variables (e.g., pleasantness/palatability) with complicated relationships to the physical often dominate neural responses. Here we pit physical and psychological axes against one another, presenting awake rats with a stimulus set including 4 NaCl concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 m) plus palatable (0.3 m sucrose) and aversive (0.001 m quinine) benchmarks, while recording the activity of neurons in two sites vital for NaCl taste processing, gustatory cortex (GC) and central amygdala (CeA). Since NaCl palatability (i.e., preference) follows a non-monotonic, "inverted-U-shaped" curve while concentration increases monotonically, this stimulus battery allowed us to test whether GC and CeA responses better reflect external or internal variables. As predicted, GC single-neuron and population responses reflected both parameters in separate response epochs: sodium concentration-related information appeared with the earliest taste-specific responses, giving way to palatability-related information, in an overlapping subset of neurons, several hundred milliseconds later. CeA single-neuron and population responses, meanwhile, contained only a brief period of concentration specificity, occurring just before palatability-related information emerged (simultaneously with, or slightly later than, in GC). Thus, cortex and amygdala both prominently reflect NaCl palatability late in their responses; CeA neurons largely respond to either palatable or aversive stimuli, while GC responses tend to reflect the entire palatability spectrum in a graded fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald B. Katz
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, and
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
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Abstract
Typically, stimulus batteries used to characterize sensory neural coding span physical parameter spaces (e.g., concentration: from low to high). For awake animals, however, psychological variables (e.g., pleasantness/palatability) with complicated relationships to the physical often dominate neural responses. Here we pit physical and psychological axes against one another, presenting awake rats with a stimulus set including 4 NaCl concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 m) plus palatable (0.3 m sucrose) and aversive (0.001 m quinine) benchmarks, while recording the activity of neurons in two sites vital for NaCl taste processing, gustatory cortex (GC) and central amygdala (CeA). Since NaCl palatability (i.e., preference) follows a non-monotonic, "inverted-U-shaped" curve while concentration increases monotonically, this stimulus battery allowed us to test whether GC and CeA responses better reflect external or internal variables. As predicted, GC single-neuron and population responses reflected both parameters in separate response epochs: sodium concentration-related information appeared with the earliest taste-specific responses, giving way to palatability-related information, in an overlapping subset of neurons, several hundred milliseconds later. CeA single-neuron and population responses, meanwhile, contained only a brief period of concentration specificity, occurring just before palatability-related information emerged (simultaneously with, or slightly later than, in GC). Thus, cortex and amygdala both prominently reflect NaCl palatability late in their responses; CeA neurons largely respond to either palatable or aversive stimuli, while GC responses tend to reflect the entire palatability spectrum in a graded fashion.
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Campanella LCA, Silva AAD, Gellert DS, Parreira C, Ramos MC, Paschoalini MA, Marino-Neto J. Tonic serotonergic control of ingestive behaviours in the pigeon (Columba livia): The role of the arcopallium. Behav Brain Res 2009; 205:396-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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