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Wu BM, Bargaineer J, Zhang L, Yang T, Xiong ZG, Leng TD. Upregulation of acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) by hydrogen peroxide through the JNK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1248-1255. [PMID: 33184449 PMCID: PMC8285496 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is intimately tied to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and acute injuries, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. Acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), a proton-gated ion channel, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, whether oxidative stress affects the expression of ASIC1a remains elusive. In the current study, we examined the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major reactive oxygen species (ROS), on ASIC1a protein expression and channel function in NS20Y cells and primary cultured mouse cortical neurons. We found that treatment of the cells with H2O2 (20 µM) for 6 h or longer increased ASIC1a protein expression and ASIC currents without causing significant cell injury. H2O2 incubation activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 pathways. We found that neither inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by U0126 nor inhibition of the p38 pathway by SB203580 affected H2O2-induced ASIC1a expression, whereas inhibition of the JNK pathway by SP600125 potently decreased ASIC1a expression and abolished the H2O2-mediated increase in ASIC1a expression and ASIC currents. Furthermore, we found that H2O2 pretreatment increased the sensitivity of ASIC currents to the ASIC1a inhibitor PcTx1, providing additional evidence that H2O2 increases the expression of functional ASIC1a channels. Together, our data demonstrate that H2O2 increases ASIC1a expression/activation through the JNK signaling pathway, which may provide insight into the pathogenesis of neurological disorders that involve both ROS and activation of ASIC1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Jaree Bargaineer
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Tian-Dong Leng
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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BMP6 expression in the adult rat central nervous system. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 98:41-54. [PMID: 30928603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BMP6, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is known to be involved in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that BMP6 plays pivotal roles in the central nervous system (CNS), however, there's no information about the distribution of BMP6 in the adult CNS. Therefore, we investigated BMP6 expression in the CNS using immunohistochemistry. BMP6 was intensely expressed in most neurons and their axons. Furthermore, we found that oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and ependymal cells also express BMP6 protein. These data indicate that BMP6 is widely expressed throughout the adult CNS, and its abundant expression in the adult brain strongly supports the idea that BMP6 plays important roles in the adult brain.
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Chiu CC, Lu CS, Weng YH, Chen YL, Huang YZ, Chen RS, Cheng YC, Huang YC, Liu YC, Lai SC, Lin KJ, Lin YW, Chen YJ, Chen CL, Yeh TH, Wang HL. PARK14 (D331Y) PLA2G6 Causes Early-Onset Degeneration of Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction, ER Stress, Mitophagy Impairment and Transcriptional Dysregulation in a Knockin Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3835-3853. [PMID: 30088174 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PARK14 patients with homozygous (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation display motor deficits of pure early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study is to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of mutant (D331Y) PLA2G6-induced PD. We generated knockin (KI) mouse model of PARK14 harboring homozygous (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation. Then, we investigated neuropathological and neurological phenotypes of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of (D331Y) PLA2G6-induced degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. Six-or nine-month-old PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice displayed early-onset cell death of SNpc dopaminergic neurons. Lewy body pathology was found in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. Six-or nine-month-old PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice exhibited early-onset parkinsonism phenotypes. Disrupted cristae of mitochondria were found in SNpc dopaminergic neurons of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice displayed mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulated ROS production, which may lead to activation of apoptotic cascade. Upregulated protein levels of Grp78, IRE1, PERK, and CHOP, which are involved in activation of ER stress, were found in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. Protein expression of mitophagic proteins, including parkin and BNIP3, was downregulated in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice, suggesting that (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation causes mitophagy dysfunction. In the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice, mRNA levels of eight genes that are involved in neuroprotection/neurogenesis were decreased, while mRNA levels of two genes that promote apoptotic death were increased. Our results suggest that PARK14 (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation causes degeneration of SNpc dopaminergic neurons by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated ER stress, mitophagy impairment, and transcriptional abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Division of Sports Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Lai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Jun Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Maruyama T, Wada H, Abe Y, Niikura T. Alteration of global protein SUMOylation in neurons and astrocytes in response to Alzheimer's disease-associated insults. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:470-475. [PMID: 29660340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation, a post-translational modification of lysine residues by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in neuron- and astrocyte-specific physiological functions. Global SUMOylation is increased in the AD mouse brain in the pre-plaque-forming stage but returns to wild-type levels in the plaque-bearing stage. To clarify the reason for the transient change in SUMOylation, we analyzed the alteration of global SUMOylation induced by AD-associated cytotoxic stimuli in neurons and astrocytes individually. In neurons, amyloid β42 oligomers induced some but not significant increase in levels of SUMO1-modified proteins. Both hydrogen peroxide and glutamate significantly reduced SUMO1-modified protein levels. These changes were more prominent in neurons than in astrocytes. The opposite effect of Aβ and oxidative/excitotoxic stimuli on SUMO1 modification may cause the pathological stage-associated change in the level of SUMO-modified proteins in the AD mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Maruyama
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Japan
| | - Harmony Wada
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takako Niikura
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Japan.
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Lin S, Wei L, Ping Y, Xia L, Xiao S. Upregulated BMP6 pathway involved in the pathogenesis of Aβ toxicity in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2017; 664:152-159. [PMID: 29129677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, we demonstrated the protective effect of BMP6 on neuron against Aβ toxicity in vitro. In the present study, our aim was to determine the effects of BMP6 in Aβ toxicity in vivo. Firstly, we evaluated the levels and localization of endogenous BMP6 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Secondly, dose-response effects of exogenous BMP6 and BMP6 pathway antagonists were tested in transgenic CL2006C. elegans (expressing Aβ3-42) lifespan and locomotor activity. We have three findings: 1) BMP6 was upregulated in the hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. 2) The endogenous BMP6 is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neuron and nuclear of microglia, not in astrocyte in APP/PS1 mice. 3) BMP6 supplementation did not benefit transgenic worms, even toxic at certain concentrations, and antagonizing BMP downstream pathways including Smad and LIMK1 could alleviate the toxicity caused by 0.1μg/ml BMP6. The results suggest there is elevated BMP6 pathway in Aβ toxicity, and normalization of BMPs may be an important target for therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ping
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang YF, Liu ZQ, Cui W, Zhang WT, Gong JP, Wang XM, Zhang Y, Yang MJ. Antioxidant effect of salvianolic acid B on hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:516-22. [PMID: 25081897 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza on hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS Forty male National Institute of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 animals each, including the sham group, the model group, the SalB group (SalB 22.5 mg/kg) and the nimodipine (Nim) group (Nim 1 mg/kg). A mouse model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) of the pallium were determined by biochemistry methods. The morphologic changes and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed by using hematoxylineosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. RESULTS In the SalB group, the MDA content and the NOS activity of the pallium in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice significantly decreased and the SOD activity and the T-AOC significantly increased, as compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The SalB treatment also rescued neuronal loss (P<0.01) in the hippocampal CA1 region, strongly promoted Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.01) and inhibited Bax protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SalB increases the level of antioxidant substances and decreases free radicals production. Moreover, it also improves Bcl-2 expression and reduces Bax expression. SalB may exert the neuroprotective effect through mitochondria-dependent pathway on hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury and suggested that SalB represents a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
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Tang Y, Li Y, Yu H, Gao C, Liu L, Chen S, Xing M, Liu L, Yao P. Quercetin prevents ethanol-induced iron overload by regulating hepcidin through the BMP6/SMAD4 signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:675-82. [PMID: 24746831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure induces iron overload, enhancing ethanol-mediated liver damage. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the naturally occurring compound quercetin on ethanol-induced iron overload and liver damage, focusing on the signaling pathway of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed with isocaloric-Lieber De Carli diets containing ethanol (accounting for 30% of total calories) and/or carbonyl iron (0.2%) and treated with quecertin (100 mg/kg body weight) for 15 weeks. Mouse primary hepatocytes were incubated with ethanol (100 mM) and quercetin (100 μM) for 24 h. Mice exposed to either ethanol or iron presented significant fatty infiltration and iron deposition in the liver; these symptoms were exacerbated in mice cotreated with ethanol and iron. Quercetin attenuated the abnormity induced by ethanol and/or iron. Ethanol suppressed BMP6 and intranuclear SMAD4 as well as decreased hepcidin expression. These effects were partially alleviated by quercetin supplementation in mice and hepatocytes. Importantly, ethanol caused suppression of SMAD4 binding to the HAMP promoter and of hepcidin messenger RNA expression. These effects were exacerbated by anti-BMP6 antibody and partially alleviated by quercetin or human recombinant BMP6 in cultured hepatocytes. In contrast, co-treatment with iron and ethanol, especially exposure of iron alone, activated BMP6/SMAD4 pathway and up-regulated hepcidin expression, which was also normalized by quercetin in vivo. Quercetin prevented ethanol-induced hepatic iron overload different from what carbonyl iron diet elicited in the mechanism, by regulating hepcidin expression via the BMP6/SMAD4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingyou Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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BMP-6 inhibits microRNA-21 expression in breast cancer through repressing deltaEF1 and AP-1. Cell Res 2009; 19:487-96. [PMID: 19308091 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small noncoding RNA molecules, play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation process. The microRNA-21 gene (miR-21) has been reported to be highly expressed in various solid tumors, including breast cancer. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) has been identified as an inhibitor of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through rescuing E-cadherin expression. We initiated experiments to identify the relationships between miR-21 and BMP-6 in breast cancer progression. Real-time PCR analysis showed that miR-21 expression was very high in MDA-MB-231 cells that expressed little BMP-6. A reverse correlation between BMP-6 and miR-21 was also determined in breast cancer tissue samples. Moreover, BMP-6 inhibited miR-21 transcription in MDA-MB-231 cells. In order to investigate how BMP-6 inhibited the miR-21 promoter (miPPR-21), we constructed a series of miPPR-21 reporters. Luciferase assay results indicated that BMP-6 inhibited miPPR-21 activity through the E2-box and AP-1-binding sites. We also demonstrated that both deltaEF1 and TPA induced miR-21 expression. Using site-directed mutation and CHIP assay, we found that deltaEF1 induced miPPR-21 activity by binding to the E2-box on miPPR-21. Moreover, TPA triggered miPPR-21 activity through the AP-1 binding sites. BMP-6 treatment significantly reduced the binding of these factors to miPPR-21 by decreasing the expression of deltaEF1 and c-Fos/c-Jun. We also demonstrated that BMP-6-induced downregulation of miR-21 modified the activity of PDCD4 3'UTR and inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell invasion. deltaEF1 overexpression and TPA induction blocked this inhibitory effect of BMP-6. In conclusion, BMP-6-induced inhibition of miR-21 suggests that BMP-6 may function as an anti-metastasis factor by a mechanism involving transcriptional repression of miR-21 in breast cancer.
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Reovirus activates transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in the central nervous system that contribute to neuronal survival following infection. J Virol 2009; 83:5035-45. [PMID: 19279118 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02433-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are important causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality, and understanding how viruses perturb host cell signaling pathways will facilitate identification of novel antiviral therapies. We now show that reovirus infection activates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in a murine model of encephalitis in vivo. TGF-beta receptor I (TGF-beta RI) expression is increased and its downstream signaling factor, SMAD3, is activated in the brains of reovirus-infected mice. TGF-beta signaling is neuroprotective, as inhibition with a TGF-beta RI inhibitor increases death of infected neurons. Similarly, BMP receptor I expression is increased and its downstream signaling factor, SMAD1, is activated in reovirus-infected neurons in the brains of infected mice in vivo. Activated SMAD1 and SMAD3 were both detected in regions of brain infected by reovirus, but activated SMAD1 was found predominantly in uninfected neurons in close proximity to infected neurons. Treatment of reovirus-infected primary mouse cortical neurons with a BMP agonist reduced apoptosis. These data provide the first evidence for the activation of TGF-beta and BMP signaling pathways following neurotropic viral infection and suggest that these signaling pathways normally function as part of the host's protective innate immune response against CNS viral infection.
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Chen L, Liu L, Yin J, Luo Y, Huang S. Hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal apoptosis is associated with inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A and 5, leading to activation of MAPK pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:1284-95. [PMID: 19038359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis is a prominent feature found in neurodegenerative disorders. However, how oxidative stress induces neuronal apoptosis is not well understood. To address this question, undifferentiated and differentiated neuronal cell lines (PC12 and SH-SY5Y) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a major oxidant generated when oxidative stress occurs. We observed that H(2)O(2) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to apoptosis of the cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. H(2)O(2) rapidly activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Inhibition of Erk1/2, JNK or p38 with kinase inhibitors (U0126, SP600125 or PD169316, respectively), downregulation of Erk1/2 or p38 using RNA interference, or expression of dominant negative c-Jun partially prevented H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) scavenged H(2)O(2)-induced ROS, blocking activation of MAPKs and cell death. Furthermore, we found that H(2)O(2)-induced ROS inhibited serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and 5 (PP5), which was abrogated by NAC. Overexpression of PP2A or PP5 partially prevented H(2)O(2)-activation of Erk/12, JNK and p38, as well as cell death. Similar results were observed in primary murine neurons as well. The results suggest that H(2)O(2)-induction of ROS inhibit PP2A and PP5, leading to activation of Erk1/2, JNK and p38 pathways thereby resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Our findings suggest that inhibitors of MAPKs (JNK, Erk1/2 and p38), activators of phosphatases (PP2A and PP5) or antioxidants may have potentials to prevent and treat oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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