1
|
Erekat NS, Al-Jarrah MD. Endurance exercise training suppresses myostatin upregulation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Vet World 2022; 15:383-389. [PMID: 35400955 PMCID: PMC8980372 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.383-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Muscle atrophy is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although myostatin has been implicated in muscle atrophy, its expression in PD skeletal muscle has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of PD induction and exercise training on myostatin expression in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino mice were randomly selected and separated into three groups of 10 mice each: Sedentary control, sedentary PD (SPD), and exercised PD (EPD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid were used to induce chronic parkinsonism in the PD groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of myostatin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in gastrocnemius muscles of all three groups. Results: Myostatin expression and NF-kB nuclear localization, indicative of its activation, were significantly (p<0.01) higher in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in the SPD group than in the control and EPD groups. Concomitantly, the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the SPD albino mice was significantly smaller (p<0.01) than in the control and EPD groups, indicating muscle atrophy. Conclusion: The present data are the first to indicate a correlation between PD induction and myostatin overexpression and NF-kB activation in the gastrocnemius muscle, potentially promoting the muscle atrophy commonly seen in PD. Additionally, the current data are the first to indicate the beneficial effects of exercise training on PD-associated myostatin overexpression, NF-κB activation, and muscle atrophy. Thus, our data are the first to suggest that myostatin and NF-κB might be regarded as potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to ameliorate skeletal muscle abnormalities commonly observed in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Endurance exercise training suppresses Parkinson disease-induced overexpression of apoptotic mediators in the heart. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:315-320. [PMID: 33814475 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe have shown elevated levels of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart with Parkinson disease (PD). The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of treadmill training on the cardiac expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the mouse with induced Parkinsonism. METHODS Thirty randomly selected normal albino mice were equally divided into the following 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary Parkinson diseased (SPD), and exercised Parkinson diseased (EPD). 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p) were used to induce chronic Parkinson disease in the SPD and EPD animals. The expression of p53 and active caspase-3 was investigated, using immunohistochemistry, in the heart in each animal group. RESULTS Both p53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly (p value < 0.05) reduced in the PD heart following endurance exercise training. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that chronic exercise training reduced PD-induced upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart. Thus, our study suggests that inhibiting p53 and/or active caspase-3 may be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate PD cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy. Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Treadmill exercise training could attenuate the upregulation of Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the skeletal muscle of mouse model of chronic/progressive Parkinson disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 43:501-507. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-182492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Erekat N, Al-Jarrah MD. Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Upregulation and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Skeletal Muscle from a Mouse Model of Chronic/Progressive Parkinson Disease. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7524-7531. [PMID: 30344306 PMCID: PMC6402272 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy has been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to examine the potential implication of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) in skeletal muscle atrophy following PD induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chronic Parkinsonism was induced in 10 albino mice by MPTP/probenecid treatment, while 10 other albino mice remained without treatment and were subsequently used as controls. Gastrocnemius muscles were examined for the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the nuclear localization of NF kappa B, indicative of its activation, using immunohistochemistry in the 2 different groups. RESULTS IL-1β and TNF-α expression and NF kappa B nuclear localization were significantly higher in the PD skeletal muscle compared with those in the controls (P value <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present data are indicative of an association of PD with IL-1β and TNF-α upregulation and NF kappa B activation in gastrocnemius muscles, potentially promoting the atrophy frequently observed in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Parkinson disease-induced upregulation of apoptotic mediators could be attenuated in the skeletal muscle following chronic exercise training. NeuroRehabilitation 2018; 41:823-830. [PMID: 29254117 DOI: 10.3233/nre-172196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown elevated levels of p53 and active caspase-3 in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle with Parkinson's disease (PD). The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of endurance exercise training on the expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the skeletal muscle of mouse with induced Parkinsonism. METHODS Sedentary control (SC), sedentary Parkinson diseased (SPD), and exercised Parkinson diseased (EPD) groups were formed; each consisting of 10 randomly selected normal albino mice. Chronic Parkinson disease was induced in the SPD and EPD animals using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p). The expression of p53 and active caspase-3 was investigated, using immunohistochemistry, in the gastrocnemius muscle in each animal group. RESULTS Both p53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly (p value < 0.05) reduced in the PD gastrocnemius skeletal muscle following endurance exercise training. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that chronic exercise training reduced Parkinson disease-induced upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3 in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. Thus, our study suggests that inhibiting p53 and/or active caspase-3 may be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate PD skeletal muscle abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patterson JR, Kim EJ, Goudreau JL, Lookingland KJ. FosB and ΔFosB expression in brain regions containing differentially susceptible dopamine neurons following acute neurotoxicant exposure. Brain Res 2016; 1649:53-66. [PMID: 27566062 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration, in particular nigrostriatal dopamine (NSDA) neurons and consequent deficits in movement. In mice and non-human primates, NSDA neurons preferentially degenerate following exposure to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Tuberoinfundibular (TI) DA neurons, in contrast, appear to be unaffected in PD and recover following acute MPTP exposure-induced injury (Behrouz et al., 2007; Benskey et al., 2012). The recovery of the TIDA neurons is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and positively correlated with an increase in parkin mRNA and protein expression (Benskey et al., 2012, 2015). Inhibition of parkin upregulation renders TIDA neurons susceptible to degeneration following MPTP exposure. In addition to parkin, other potentially protective proteins are likely to be differentially regulated in TIDA and NSDA neurons following neurotoxicant exposure. The regulation of potential transcription factors for parkin and other neuroprotective pathway genes are of interest since they may provide novel targets for PD disease modifying therapies. As such, we sought to determine if there are time-dependent differences in the expression of AP-1 transcription factors c-Fos, c-Jun, FosB, ΔFosB and JunD in TIDA and NSDA neurons of mice following acute MPTP exposure. We observed that both FosB and ΔFosB expression increase in brain regions containing TIDA, but not NSDA neurons. Furthermore, the nuclear and long-term expression of ΔFosB is consistent with its role as a transcription factor that may influence parkin transcription, which may underlie the unique ability of TIDA neurons to recovery from an injury that leads NSDA neurons to degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John L Goudreau
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith J Lookingland
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
e-Cadherin in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3937057. [PMID: 27194825 PMCID: PMC4852763 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3937057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Today a large number of studies are focused on clarifying the complexity and diversity of the pathogenetic mechanisms inducing Parkinson disease. We used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a neurotoxin that induces Parkinson disease, to evaluate the change of midbrain structure and the behavior of the anti-inflammatory factor e-cadherin, interleukin-6, tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and caveolin-1. The results showed a strong expression of e-cadherin, variation of length and thickness of the heavy neurofilaments, increase of interleukin-6, and reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase known to be expression of dopamine cell loss, reduction of phosphatase and tensin homolog described to impair responses to dopamine, and reduction of caveolin-1 known to be expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. The possibility that the overexpression of the e-cadherin might be implicated in the anti-inflammatory reaction to MPTP treatment by influencing the behavior of the other analyzed molecules is discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Erekat NS. Apoptotic Mediators are Upregulated in the Skeletal Muscle of Chronic/Progressive Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1472-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST); Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruffle JK. Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2014; 40:428-37. [PMID: 25083822 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.933840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ΔFosB is upregulated in numerous brain regions following repeated drug exposure. This induction is likely to, at least in part, be responsible for the mechanisms underlying addiction, a disorder in which the regulation of gene expression is thought to be essential. In this review, we describe and discuss the proposed role of ΔFosB as well as the implications of recent findings. The expression of ΔFosB displays variability dependent on the administered substance, showing region-specificity for different drug stimuli. This transcription factor is understood to act via interaction with Jun family proteins and the formation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) complexes. Once AP-1 complexes are formed, a multitude of molecular pathways are initiated, causing genetic, molecular and structural alterations. Many of these molecular changes identified are now directly linked to the physiological and behavioral changes observed following chronic drug exposure. In addition, ΔFosB induction is being considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions for addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James K Ruffle
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Panelli D, Lorusso FP, Trentadue R, Stella A, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. The hUPF1-NMD factor controls the cellular transcript levels of different genes of complex I of the respiratory chain. Biochimie 2012; 94:2600-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Potashkin JA, Santiago JA, Ravina BM, Watts A, Leontovich AA. Biosignatures for Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43595. [PMID: 22952715 PMCID: PMC3428307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of Parkinson' disease (PD) carries a high misdiagnosis rate due to failure to recognize atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD). Usually by the time of diagnosis greater than 60% of the neurons in the substantia nigra are dead. Therefore, early detection would be beneficial so that therapeutic intervention may be initiated early in the disease process. We used splice variant-specific microarrays to identify mRNAs whose expression is altered in peripheral blood of early-stage PD patients compared to healthy and neurodegenerative disease controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to validate splice variant transcripts in independent sample sets. Here we report a PD signature used to classify blinded samples with 90% sensitivity and 94% specificity and an APD signature that resulted in a diagnosis with 95% sensitivity and 94% specificity. This study provides the first discriminant functions with coherent diagnostic signatures for PD and APD. Analysis of the PD biomarkers identified a regulatory network with nodes centered on the transcription factors HNF4A and TNF, which have been implicated in insulin regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Potashkin
- The Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Junyent F, de Lemos L, Verdaguer E, Folch J, Ferrer I, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Beas-Zárate C, Romero R, Pallàs M, Auladell C, Camins A. Gene expression profile in JNK3 null mice: a novel specific activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Neurochem 2011; 117:244-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Ulitsky I, Krishnamurthy A, Karp RM, Shamir R. DEGAS: de novo discovery of dysregulated pathways in human diseases. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13367. [PMID: 20976054 PMCID: PMC2957424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular studies of the human disease transcriptome typically involve a search for genes whose expression is significantly dysregulated in sick individuals compared to healthy controls. Recent studies have found that only a small number of the genes in human disease-related pathways show consistent dysregulation in sick individuals. However, those studies found that some pathway genes are affected in most sick individuals, but genes can differ among individuals. While a pathway is usually defined as a set of genes known to share a specific function, pathway boundaries are frequently difficult to assign, and methods that rely on such definition cannot discover novel pathways. Protein interaction networks can potentially be used to overcome these problems. Methodology/Principal Findings We present DEGAS (DysrEgulated Gene set Analysis via Subnetworks), a method for identifying connected gene subnetworks significantly enriched for genes that are dysregulated in specimens of a disease. We applied DEGAS to seven human diseases and obtained statistically significant results that appear to home in on compact pathways enriched with hallmarks of the diseases. In Parkinson's disease, we provide novel evidence for involvement of mRNA splicing, cell proliferation, and the 14-3-3 complex in the disease progression. DEGAS is available as part of the MATISSE software package (http://acgt.cs.tau.ac.il/matisse). Conclusions/Significance The subnetworks identified by DEGAS can provide a signature of the disease potentially useful for diagnosis, pinpoint possible pathways affected by the disease, and suggest targets for drug intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ulitsky
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yin LL, Cao Y, Xie KQ. Decreased RGS9 protein level in the striatum of rodents undergoing MPTP or 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2010; 479:231-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
15
|
Shehadeh LA, Yu K, Wang L, Guevara A, Singer C, Vance J, Papapetropoulos S. SRRM2, a potential blood biomarker revealing high alternative splicing in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9104. [PMID: 20161708 PMCID: PMC2817002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects about five million people worldwide. Diagnosis remains clinical, based on phenotypic patterns. The discovery of laboratory markers that will enhance diagnostic accuracy, allow pre-clinical detection and tracking of disease progression is critically needed. These biomarkers may include transcripts with different isoforms. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed extensive analysis on 3 PD microarray experiments available through GEO and found that the RNA splicing gene SRRM2 (or SRm300), sereine/arginine repetitive matrix 2, was the only gene differentially upregulated among all the three PD experiments. SRRM2 expression was not changed in the blood of other neurological diseased patients versus the healthy controls. Using real-time PCR, we report that the shorter transcript of SRRM2 was 1.7 fold (p = 0.008) upregulated in the substantia nigra of PDs vs controls while the longer transcript was 0.4 downregulated in both the substantia nigra (p = 0.03) and amygdala (p = 0.003). To validate our results and test for the possibility of alternative splicing in PD, we performed independent microarray scans, using Affymetrix Exon_ST1 arrays, from peripheral blood of 28 individuals (17 PDs and 11 Ctrls) and found a significant upregulation of the upstream (5′) exons of SRRM2 and a downregulation of the downstream exons, causing a total of 0.7 fold down regulation (p = 0.04) of the long isoform. In addition, we report novel information about hundreds of genes with significant alternative splicing (differential exonic expression) in PD blood versus controls. Conclusions/Significance The consistent dysregulation of the RNA splicing factor SRRM2 in two different PD neuronal sources and in PD blood but not in blood of other neurologically diseased patients makes SRRM2 a strong candidate gene for PD and draws attention to the role of RNA splicing in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Shehadeh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristine Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liyong Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Guevara
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carlos Singer
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Spyridon Papapetropoulos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu G, Xiong Z, Yong Y, Wang Z, Ke Z, Xia Z, Hu Y. Catalpol attenuates MPTP induced neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice through elevating glial cell derived neurotrophic factor in striatum. Neuroscience 2010; 167:174-84. [PMID: 20123001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of an iridoid catalpol extracted and purified from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rehmannia glutinosa on the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway was studied in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid C57BL/6 mouse model and in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridimium (MPP(+)) intoxicated cultured mesencephalic neurons. Rotarod performance revealed that the locomotor ability of mice was significantly impaired after completion of model production and maintained thereafter for at least 4 weeks. Catalpol orally administered for 8 weeks (starting from the second week of model production) dose dependently improved the locomotor ability. HPLC revealed that catalpol significantly elevated striatal dopamine levels without changing the metabolite/dopamine ratios. Nor did it bind to dopamine receptors. Therefore it is unlikely that catalpol resembles any of the known compounds for treating Parkinsonism. Instead, catalpol dose dependently raised the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neuron number in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density and the striatal glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein level. Linear regression revealed that both the TH neuron number and DAT density were positively correlated to the GDNF level. In the cultured mesencephalic neurons, MPP(+) decreased the dopaminergic neuron number and shortened the neurite length, whereas catalpol showed protective effect dose dependently. Furthermore, the expression of GDNF mRNA was up-regulated by catalpol to a peak nearly double of normal control in neurons intoxicated with MPP(+) for 24 h but not in normal neurons. The GDNF receptor tyrosine kinase RET inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)-pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP1) abolished the protective effect of catalpol either partially (TH positive neuron number) or completely (neurite length). Taken together, catalpol improves locomotor ability by attenuating the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway, and this attenuation is at least partially through elevating the striatal GDNF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meredith GE, Totterdell S, Potashkin JA, Surmeier DJ. Modeling PD pathogenesis in mice: advantages of a chronic MPTP protocol. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2008; 14 Suppl 2:S112-5. [PMID: 18585085 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Formidable challenges for Parkinson's disease (PD) research are to understand the processes underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and how to protect dopamine neurons. Fundamental research relies on good animal models that demonstrate the pathological hallmarks and motor deficits of PD. Using a chronic regimen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p) in mice, dopamine cell loss exceeds 60%, extracellular glutamate is elevated, cytoplasmic inclusions are formed and inflammation is chronic. Nevertheless, isradipine, an L-type calcium-channel blocker, attenuates the degeneration. These data support the validity of the MPTP/p model for unravelling the degenerative processes in PD and testing therapies that slow their progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E Meredith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|