1
|
El-Araby RE, Wasif K, Johnson R, Tu Q, Aboushousha T, Zhu ZX, Chen J. Establishment of a novel cellular model for Alzheimer's disease in vitro studies. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114820. [PMID: 38789025 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The limited efficacy of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases reflects their complex etiology and pathogenesis. A novel in vitro model may help to bridge the gap between existing preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, thus identifying promising therapeutic targets that can be explored in upcoming clinical trials. By assisting in the identification of the mechanism of action and potential dangers, in vitro testing can also shorten the time and expense of translation. AIM As a result of these factors, our objective is to develop a powerful and informative cellular model of AD within a short period of time. Through triggering the MAPK and NF-κβ signaling pathways with the aid of small chemical compounds (PAF C-16 and BetA), respectively, in mouse microglial (SIM-A9) and neuroblast Neuro-2a (N2a) cell lines. RESULTS PAF C-16, initiated an activation effect at a concentration of 3.12 nM to 25 nM in the SIM-A9 and N2a cell lines after 72 h. BetA, activated the NF-κβ pathway with a concentration of 12.5 nM to 25 nM in the SIM-A9 and N2a cell lines after 72 h. The combination of the activator chemicals provided suitable activation for MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κβ in more than three subcultures. Activators significantly initiate APP and MAPT gene expression, as well as the expression of proteins APP, β. Amyloid, tau, and p-tau. The activation of the targeted pathways leads to significant morphological changes. CONCLUSION We can infer that the MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κβ pathways, respectively, are directly activated by the PAF C-16 and BetA chemicals. The activation of MEK1/2-ERK pathway results in the activation of the APP gene, which in turn activates the β. Amyloid protein, which in turn results in plaque. Furthermore, NF-κβ activation results in the activation of the MAPT gene, which leads to Tau and p-Tau protein activation, which ultimately results in tangles. This can be put into practice in just three days, with a high level of activity and stability that is passed down to the next three generations (subculture), with significant morphological changes. In microglial and neuroblast cell lines, we were successful in creating a novel AD-cell model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rady E El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Komal Wasif
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Human Physiology, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Human Physiology, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zoe Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. 136 Harrison Ave, M&V 830, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bludau O, Weber A, Bosak V, Kuscha V, Dietrich K, Hans S, Brand M. Inflammation is a critical factor for successful regeneration of the adult zebrafish retina in response to diffuse light lesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332347. [PMID: 39071801 PMCID: PMC11272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can lead to persistent and irreversible loss of retinal neurons and photoreceptors in mammalian vertebrates. In contrast, in the adult zebrafish brain, acute neural inflammation is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate regeneration of neurons. Here, we report on the critical, positive role of the immune system to support retina regeneration in adult zebrafish. After sterile ablation of photoreceptors by phototoxicity, we find rapid response of immune cells, especially monocytes/microglia and neutrophils, which returns to homeostatic levels within 14 days post lesion. Pharmacological or genetic impairment of the immune system results in a reduced Müller glia stem cell response, seen as decreased reactive proliferation, and a strikingly reduced number of regenerated cells from them, including photoreceptors. Conversely, injection of the immune stimulators flagellin, zymosan, or M-CSF into the vitreous of the eye, leads to a robust proliferation response and the upregulation of regeneration-associated marker genes in Müller glia. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation is a necessary and sufficient driver for retinal regeneration in the adult zebrafish retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bludau
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Weber
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bosak
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veronika Kuscha
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Dietrich
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khezri MR, Yousefi K, Esmaeili A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The Role of ERK1/2 Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview and Update on New Developments. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:177-191. [PMID: 35038057 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Several findings suggest that correcting the dysregulated signaling pathways may offer a potential therapeutic approach in this disease. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, plays a major role in regulation of cell proliferation, autophagy process, and protein synthesis. The available literature suggests dysregulated ERK1/2 in AD patients with potential implications in the multifaceted underlying pathologies of AD, including amyloid-β plaque formation, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. In this regard, in the current review, we aim to summarize the reports on the potential roles of ERK1/2 in AD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Keyvan Yousefi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ayda Esmaeili
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 5715799313, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boonyarat C, Boonput P, Tongloh N, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Yenjai C, Waiwut P. Nordentatin Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of GSK-3 Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1062-1074. [PMID: 35723293 PMCID: PMC8947271 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by abnormal cell changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The specific characteristics of cancer cells, including the loss of apoptotic control and the ability to migrate into and invade the surrounding tissue, result in cancer cell metastasis to other parts of the body. Therefore, the inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells are the principal goals in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of nordentatin, a coumarin derivative isolated from Clausena harmandiana, regarding the proliferation and migration of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Nordentatin at a concentration of 100 µM showed cell cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y that was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.01) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Moreover, nordentatin inhibited SH-SY5Y proliferation by inhibiting the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 and resulting in the inhibition of a migratory protein, MMP-9, through the GSK-3 pathway (compared with cells treated with a GSK inhibitor). These results suggest that nordentatin inhibited the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells through the GSK-3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Panatchakorn Boonput
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Nantakorn Tongloh
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-8089-55511
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou X, Lie L, Liang Y, Xu H, Zhu B, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Li Q, Wang Q, Han Z, Huang Y, Liu H, Hu S, Zhou C, Wen Q, Ma L. GSK-3α/β Activity Negatively Regulates MMP-1/9 Expression to Suppress Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:752466. [PMID: 35095838 PMCID: PMC8789754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is the deadliest infectious disease and a global health problem. Macrophages (Mφs) and neutrophils that can phagocytose Mtb represent the first line of immune response to infection. Glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β (GSK-3α/β) represents a regulatory switch in host immune responses. However, the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of how GSK-3α/β interacts with Mtb infection in Mφs remain undefined. Here, we demonstrated that Mtb infection downregulated GSK-3α/β activity and promoted matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-9 expressions in Mφs derived from acute monocytic human leukemia THP-1 cells (THP-1-Mφs). We confirmed the upregulation of MMP-9 expression in tissues of TB patients compared with patients of chronic inflammation (CI). In THP-1-Mφs and C57BL/6 mice, GSK-3α/β inhibitor SB216763 significantly increased MMP-1/9 production and facilitated Mtb load, while MMP inhibitors blocked MMP-1/9 expression and Mtb infection. Consistently, GSK-3α/β silencing significantly increased MMP-1/9 expression and Mtb infection, while overexpression of GSK-3α/β and constitutive activated GSK-3α/β mutants significantly reduced MMP-1/9 expression and Mtb infection in THP-1-Mφs. MMP-1/9 silencing reduced Mtb infection, while overexpression of MMP-1/9 promoted Mtb infection in THP-1-Mφs. We further found that GSK-3α/β inhibition increased Mtb infection and MMP-1/9 expression was blocked by ERK1/2 inhibitor. Additionally, we showed that protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) reduced GSK-3α/β activity and promoted MMP-1/9 production in Mtb-infected THP-1-Mφs. In conclusion, this study suggests that PKC-δ-mTOR axis suppresses GSK-3α/β activation with acceleration of MMP-1/9 expression through phospho-ERK1/2. These results reveal a novel immune escape mechanism of Mtb and a novel crosstalk between these critical signaling pathways in anti-TB immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linmiao Lie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianna Li
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082092. [PMID: 34440861 PMCID: PMC8393567 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially isolated as a critical protein in energy metabolism. However, subsequent studies indicate that GSK-3 is a multi-tasking kinase that links numerous signaling pathways in a cell and plays a vital role in the regulation of many aspects of cellular physiology. As a regulator of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, GSK3 influences processes of cell polarization, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and directional migration of cells and their organelles during the growth and development of an animal organism. In this review, the roles of GSK3–cytoskeleton interactions in brain development and pathology, migration of healthy and cancer cells, and in cellular trafficking of mitochondria will be discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou J, Li M, Jin WF, Li XH, Zhang YY. Role of NF-κB on Neurons after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.451.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
8
|
Nascimento AS, Peres LL, Fari AV, Milani R, Silva RA, da Costa Fernandes CJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira-Halder CV, Zambuzzi WF. Phosphoproteome profiling reveals critical role of JAK-STAT signaling in maintaining chemoresistance in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114756-114768. [PMID: 29383118 PMCID: PMC5777730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is responsible for 25% of cancer cases and 15% of cancer death among women. Treatment is usually prolonged and hampered by the development of chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms maintaining the chemoresistant phenotype remains, however, largely obscure. As kinase signaling in general is highly drugable, identification of kinases essential for maintaining chemoresistance could prove therapeutically useful. Hence we compared cellular kinase activity in chemotherapy resistant MCF7Res cells to chemotherapy-sensitive MCF cells using a peptide array approach that provides an atlas of cellular kinase activities and consequently, predominant pathways can be identified. We observed that peptides phosphorylated by elements of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and PKC signaling pathways are subject to extensive kinase activity in MCF7Res cells as compared to chemotherapy-sensitive MCF cells; and Western blotting confirmed relatively strong activation of these signaling pathways in chemoresistant cells. Importantly, treatment of cells with Tofacitinib, a FDA-approved JAK inhibitor, converted chemoresistant cells to chemosensitive cells, inducing apoptosis when used in conjunction with doxorubicin. Thus our results reveal that chemoresistance in breast cancer is associated with activation of JAK/STAT signaling and suggest that JAK2 may be useful for combating chemoresistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto S. Nascimento
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa L. Peres
- OncoBiomarkers Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra V.S. Fari
- OncoBiomarkers Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- OncoBiomarkers Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Silva
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celio Jr. da Costa Fernandes
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam’s Gravendijkwal 230, NL-3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen V. Ferreira-Halder
- OncoBiomarkers Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tran TV, Shin EJ, Nguyen LTT, Lee Y, Kim DJ, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Toriumi K, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Kim HC. Protein Kinase Cδ Gene Depletion Protects Against Methamphetamine-Induced Impairments in Recognition Memory and ERK1/2 Signaling via Upregulation of Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Gene. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4136-4159. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Liu C, Dai L, Liu Y, Rong L, Dou D, Sun Y, Ma L. Antiproliferative Activity of Triterpene Glycoside Nutrient from Monk Fruit in Colorectal Cancer and Throat Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060360. [PMID: 27304964 PMCID: PMC4924201 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer and throat cancer are the world’s most prevalent neoplastic diseases, and a serious threat to human health. Plant triterpene glycosides have demonstrated antitumor activity. In this study, we investigated potential anticancer effects of mogroside IVe, a triterpenoid glycoside from monk fruit, using in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal and laryngeal cancer. The effects of mogroside IVe on the proliferation of colorectal cancer HT29 cells and throat cancer Hep-2 cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the expression levels of p53, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and MMP-9 were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that mogroside IVe inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of HT29 and Hep-2 cells in culture and in xenografted mice, which was accompanied by the upregulation of tumor suppressor p53, and downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. This study revealed the suppressive activity of mogroside IVe towards colorectal and throat cancers and identified the underlying mechanisms, suggesting that mogroside IVe may be potentially used as a biologically-active phytochemical supplement for treating colorectal and throat cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Longhai Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yueping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Long Rong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Dequan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Lanqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonsalvez D, Ferner AH, Peckham H, Murray SS, Xiao J. The roles of extracellular related-kinases 1 and 2 signaling in CNS myelination. Neuropharmacology 2015; 110:586-593. [PMID: 25959068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in identifying the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate central nervous system myelination. Recently, the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, in particular the extracellular signal-related kinase 1 (Erk1) and Erk2, have been identified as critically important in mediating the effects of several growth factors that regulate oligodendroglial development and myelination. Here we will review the recent studies that identify the key role that Erk1/2 signaling plays in regulating oligodendroglial development, myelination and remyelination, discuss the potential mechanisms that Erk1/2 may utilize to influence myelination, and highlight some questions for further research. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gonsalvez
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anita H Ferner
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Haley Peckham
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simon S Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Wahl LM. Cytokine-induced monocyte MMP-1 is negatively regulated by GSK-3 through a p38 MAPK-mediated decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK activation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:921-927. [PMID: 25714802 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0413-235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the signal transduction events leading to the production of MMPs by monocytes/macrophages may provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the destruction of connective tissue associated with chronic inflammatory lesions. Here, we show that GSK-3 is a negative regulator of cytokine-induced MMP-1 production by monocytes. Inhibition of monocyte GSK-3 pharmacologically with SB216763 or GSK-3β siRNA caused a significant enhancement of MMP-1 by TNF-α- and GM-CSF-activated monocytes, indicating that induction of MMP-1 by TNF-α and GM-CSF involved phosphorylation/inactivation of GSK-3. TNF-α- and GM-CSF-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3 and subsequent MMP-1 production was blocked with the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 but not by the AKT1/2 inhibitor AKT VIII, showing that cytokine phosphorylation of GSK-3 occurs primarily through a PKC pathway. Inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK with a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK. Enhanced MMP-1 production by treatment with SB216763 was a result of increased ERK1/2 activation, as demonstrated by inhibition of MMP-1 by PD98059, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. Conversely, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 enhanced cytokine activation of ERK1/2 and the production of MMP-1 similar to that of SB216763. These findings demonstrate that the degree of cytokine-mediated phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK-3 determines the level of MMP-1 production through a mechanism involving decreased activation of p38 MAPK, a negative regulator of ERK1/2 required for cytokine-induced production of MMP-1 by monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhang
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry M Wahl
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhowmik M, Khanam R, Saini N, Vohora D. Activation of AKT/GSK3β pathway by TDZD-8 attenuates kainic acid induced neurodegeneration but not seizures in mice. Neurotoxicology 2015; 46:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Litherland GJ, Hui W, Elias MS, Wilkinson DJ, Watson S, Huesa C, Young DA, Rowan AD. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition stimulates human cartilage destruction and exacerbates murine osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2175-87. [PMID: 24757033 DOI: 10.1002/art.38681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) as a regulator of cartilage destruction in human tissue and a murine model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed to induce experimental murine OA, and joint damage was assessed histologically. Bovine nasal and human OA cartilage samples were incubated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) plus oncostatin M (OSM) and GSK-3 inhibitor. Collagen and proteoglycan release was assessed by hydroxyproline measurement and dye binding assay, collagenase activity was assessed by bioassay, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human articular chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured prior to gene silencing and immunoblotting of cell lysates and nuclear fractions. RESULTS Mice treated with GSK-3 inhibitor exhibited significantly greater cartilage damage compared with sham-operated control mice. GSK-3 inhibition in bovine cartilage dramatically accelerated IL-1 plus OSM-stimulated degradation, concomitant with a profound increase in collagenase activity. GSK-3 inhibitor induced collagen release from human OA cartilage in the presence of IL-1 plus OSM and increased proteoglycan loss. Gene expression profiling of resorbing OA cartilage revealed a marked procatabolic switch in gene expression upon GSK-3 inhibition. This was mirrored in human articular chondrocytes following GSK3 silencing, particularly with the GSK-3β isoform. GSK-3 inhibition or silencing led to enhanced IL-1 plus OSM-stimulated abundance and activity of Jun, and silencing of c-jun ameliorated GSK-3 inhibitor-mediated procatabolic gene expression. CONCLUSION GSK-3 is an important regulator of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated joint destruction, the inhibition of which by proinflammatory stimuli de-represses catabolic gene expression. Therapeutic strategies that maintain cartilage GSK-3 activity may therefore help curtail aberrant MMP activity during pathologic joint destruction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng P, Alberts I, Li X. The role of ERK1/2 in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of astrocytes in developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ian Alberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia CCCity University of New YorkNY11101USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of NeurochemistryNY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNY10314USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
BMP-2 treatment of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells blocks MMP-9 activity during chondrocyte commitment. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:887-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Mohammad G, Mairaj Siddiquei M, Imtiaz Nawaz M, Abu El-Asrar AM. The ERK1/2 Inhibitor U0126 Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Upregulation of MMP-9 and Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Retina. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:658548. [PMID: 23671886 PMCID: PMC3647581 DOI: 10.1155/2013/658548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in a time-dependent manner and the effect of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition on the expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and inflammatory biomarkers in the retinas of diabetic rats. The expression of MMP-9 was quantified by zymography, and the mRNA level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was quantified by RT-PCR. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) was examined by Western blot analysis. MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in diabetic rat retinas compared to controls at all time points.TIMP-1 expression was nonsignificantly upregulated at 1week of diabetes and was significantly downregulated at 4 and 12 weeks of diabetes. Intravitreal administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 prior to induction of diabetes decreased ERK1/2 activation, attenuated diabetes-induced upregulation of MMP-9, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF- α and upregulated TIMP-1 expression. In MMP-9 knockout mice, diabetes had no effect on retinal iNOS expression and its level remained unchanged. These data provide evidence that ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in MMP-9, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF- α induction in diabetic retinas and suggest that ERK1/2 can be a novel therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- *Ghulam Mohammad:
| | - Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kowluru RA, Zhong Q, Santos JM. Matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic retinopathy: potential role of MMP-9. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:797-805. [PMID: 22519597 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.681043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy remains one of the most feared complications of diabetes. Despite extensive research in the field, the molecular mechanism responsible for the development of this slow progressing disease remains unclear. In the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, mitochondria are damaged and inflammatory mediators are elevated before the histopathology associated with the disease can be observed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate a variety of cellular functions including apoptosis and angiogenesis. Diabetic environment stimulates the secretion of several MMPs that are considered to participate in complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Patients with diabetic retinopathy and also animal models have shown increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 in their retina and vitreous. Recent research has shown that MMPs have dual role in the development of diabetic retinopathy; in the early stages of the disease (pre-neovascularization), MMP-2 and MMP-9 facilitate the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells, possibly via damaging the mitochondria, and in the later phase, they help in neovascularization. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the literature to evaluate the role of MMPs, especially MMP-9, in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and presents existing evidence that the inhibitors targeted toward MMP-9, depending on the duration of diabetes at the times their administration could have potential to prevent the progression of this blinding disease, and protect the vision loss. EXPERT OPINION Inhibitors of MMPs could have dual role: in the early stages of the diseases, inhibit capillary cell apoptosis, and if the disease has progressed to the angiogenic stage, inhibit the growth of new vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Wayne State University, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwon KJ, Cho KS, Lee SH, Kim JN, Joo SH, Ryu JH, Ignarro LJ, Han SH, Young Shin C. Regulation of tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by hydrocortisone in rat primary astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1059-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Biphasic regulation of tissue plasminogen activator activity in ischemic rat brain and in cultured neural cells: essential role of astrocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:423-33. [PMID: 21193004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In brain, the serine protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and its endogenous inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been implicated in the regulation of various neurophysiological and pathological responses. In this study, we investigated the differential role of neurons and astrocytes in the regulation of tPA/PAI-1 activity in ischemic brain. The activity of tPA peaked transiently and then decreased in cortex and striatum along with delayed induction of PAI-1 in the inflammatory stage after MCAO/reperfusion injury. In cultured primary cells, glutamate stimulation increased tPA activity in neurons but not in other cells such as microglia and astrocytes. With LPS stimulation, a model of neuroinflammatory insults, robust PAI-1 induction was observed in astrocytes but not in neurons and microglia. The upregulation of PAI-1 by LPS in astrocytes was also verified by RT-PCR analysis as well as PAI-1 promoter reporter assay. Lastly, we checked the effects of hypoxia on tPA/PAI-1 activity. Hypoxia increased tPA release from neurons without effects on microglia, while the activity of tPA in astrocyte was decreased consistent with increased PAI-1 activity in astrocyte. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that neurons are the major source of tPA and that the glutamate-induced stimulated release is mainly governed by neurons in the acute phase. In contrast, the massive up-regulation of PAI-1 in astrocytes during subchronic and chronic inflammatory conditions, leads to decreased tPA activity in the later stages of MCAO. Differential regulation of tPA and PAI-1 in neurons, astrocytes and microglia suggest more attention is required to understand the role of local tPA activity in the vicinity of individual cell types.
Collapse
|
21
|
Aguilar-Morante D, Morales-Garcia JA, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Garcia-Cabezas MA, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A. Inhibition of glioblastoma growth by the thiadiazolidinone compound TDZD-8. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13879. [PMID: 21079728 PMCID: PMC2975629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) are small heterocyclic compounds first described as non-ATP competitive inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). In this study, we analyzed the effects of 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), on murine GL261 cells growth in vitro and on the growth of established intracerebral murine gliomas in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our data show that TDZD-8 decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis of GL261 glioblastoma cells in vitro, delayed tumor growth in vivo, and augmented animal survival. These effects were associated with an early activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and increased expression of EGR-1 and p21 genes. Also, we observed a sustained activation of the ERK pathway, a concomitant phosphorylation and activation of ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and an inactivation of GSK-3β by phosphorylation at Ser 9. Finally, treatment of glioblastoma stem cells with TDZD-8 resulted in an inhibition of proliferation and self-renewal of these cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that TDZD-8 uses a novel mechanism to target glioblastoma cells, and that malignant progenitor population could be a target of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The mood stabilizers valproic acid and lithium enhance mesenchymal stem cell migration via distinct mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:2225-37. [PMID: 20613717 PMCID: PMC3055307 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show high potential for the therapy of several human diseases; however, the effectiveness of MSC transplantation has been hampered by the relatively poor migratory capacity of these cells toward disease target sites. This study investigated whether treatment of MSCs with two mood stabilizers-valproic acid (VPA) and lithium-would enhance cell migration and, if so, to explore the mechanisms underlying their effects. Short-term (3 h) exposure of MSCs to a relatively high concentration (2.5 mM) of VPA markedly increased the transcript and protein levels of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). VPA-induced CXCR4 expression required inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), including the HDAC1 isoform, and involved histone hyperacetylation at the promoter region of the CXCR4 gene. Notably, VPA treatment enhanced stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)-mediated MSC migration, which was completely blocked by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist. Treatment of MSCs with lithium (2.5 mM for 1 day) selectively elevated the transcript and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its enzymatic activity; these effects were mimicked by inhibition or gene silencing of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Lithium treatment also potentiated SDF-1α-dependent MSC migration across the extracellular matrix, which was suppressed by two MMP-9 inhibitors, doxycycline and GM6001. Combining VPA and lithium treatment further increased MSC migration. Overall, VPA and lithium stimulated MSC migration through distinct targets and mediators: HDAC-CXCR4 and GSK-3β-MMP-9, respectively.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kwon KJ, Kim HJ, Shin CY, Han SH. Melatonin Potentiates the Neuroprotective Properties of Resveratrol Against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurodegeneration by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. J Clin Neurol 2010; 6:127-37. [PMID: 20944813 PMCID: PMC2950917 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2010.6.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies have demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) reduces the incidence of age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke, while melatonin (MEL) supplementation reduces the progression of the cognitive impairment in AD patients. The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether the co-administration of MEL and RSV exerts synergistic effects on their neuroprotective properties against β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal death. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of co-treatment with MEL and RSV on Aβ1-42-induced cell death, was measured by MTT reduction assay. Aβ1-42 caused an increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as assessed by H(2)-DCF-DA dye, and a reduction of total glutathione (GSH) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, as assessed using monochlorobimane and rhodamine 123 fluorescence, respectively. Western blotting was used to investigate the intracellular signaling mechanism involved in these synergic effects. RESULTS We treated a murine HT22 hippocampal cell line with MEL or RSV alone or with both simultaneously. MEL and RSV alone significantly attenuated ROS production, mitochondrial membrane-potential disruption and the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. They also restored the Aβ1-42-induced depletion of GSH, back to within its normal range and prevented the Aβ1-42-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). However, co-treatment with MEL and RSV did not exert any significant synergistic effects on either the recovery of the Aβ1-42-induced depletion of GSH or on the inhibition of Aβ1-42-induced GSK3β activation. Aβ1-42 treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, which is associated with subsequent neuronal death. We demonstrated that MEL and RSV treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that co-administration of MEL and RSV acts as an effective treatment for AD by attenuating Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and the AMPK-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shie FS, Chen YH, Chen CH, Ho IK. Neuroimmune pharmacology of neurodegenerative and mental diseases. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 6:28-40. [PMID: 20820930 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimmune pharmacology is a newly emerging field that intersects with neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology and that is seeking avenues for translational research and better understanding of disease mechanisms. It focuses on the immunity of the central nervous system (CNS) which is greatly influenced by endogenous effectors, such as cytokines and neurotransmitters, and by exogenous substances, including therapeutic compounds, infectious pathogens, and drugs of abuse. In this article, we attempt to raise awareness of the pivotal discovery of how those mediators affect the immunity of the CNS in both physiological conditions and processes of certain mental illnesses, including psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cerebral dysfunctions due to drugs of abuse. The abnormality in cytokine networks, neurotransmitter homeostasis, and other immune responses may be involved in the neuropathology associated with those mental illnesses, and the therapeutic effects of the potential treatments can be attributed, at least partially, to their immunomodulatory activities. However, the resulting inflammatory cytokines from certain treatments frequently cause psychiatric complications. In addition, the poor neuropathological outcomes frequently found among drug abusers with HIV-1 infection appear to be related to the neurotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of the drugs used. Importantly, glial cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, are key players in the immunomodulatory activities in the CNS, and the functioning CNS is largely dependent upon the reciprocal interactions between neurons and glial cells. Therefore, glia-neuron interactions have become a critical issue for further understanding the disease mechanism. From this review, readers will gain insights into the new field of neuroimmune pharmacology, with a focus on the impacts of CNS immunity on the mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shiun Shie
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suppression of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride in rat glial cultures. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:807-15. [PMID: 20198420 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have screened new drugs with a view to developing effective drugs against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In the present work, we show effects of a new drug, 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary rat glial cultures. Pretreatment of glial cells with 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride for 2 h significantly protected glial cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in a time- and dose-dependent manner with an optimum concentration of 100 microM. The drug significantly reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interlukin-1beta in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. The drug also prevented glutamate-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx and reduced the subsequent overproduction of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the drug preserved the mitochondrial potential and inhibited the overproduction of cytochrome c. In addition, the drug effectively attenuated the protein level changes of beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. These results suggest that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride effectively protected primary cultures of rat glial cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Figeac F, Uzan B, Faro M, Chelali N, Portha B, Movassat J. Neonatal growth and regeneration of beta-cells are regulated by the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in normal and diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E245-56. [PMID: 19920216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00538.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is critical for a variety of fundamental cellular processes. Here, we investigated the implication of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the in vivo regulation of beta-cell growth and regeneration in normal and diabetic rats. To this aim, TCF7L2, the distal effector of the canonical Wnt pathway, was knocked down in groups of normal and diabetic rats by the use of specific antisense morpholino-oligonucleotides. In other groups of diabetic rats, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was activated by the inhibition of its negative regulator GSK-3beta. GSK-3beta was inactivated by either LiCl or anti-GSK-3beta oligonucleotides. The beta-cell mass was evaluated by morphometry. beta-cell proliferation was assessed in vivo and in vitro by BrdU incorporation method. In vivo beta-cell neogenesis was estimated by the evaluation of PDX1-positive ductal cells and GLUT2-positive ductal cells and the number of beta cells budding from the ducts. We showed that the in vivo disruption of the canonical Wnt pathway resulted in the alteration of normal and compensatory growth of beta-cells mainly through the inhibition of beta-cell proliferation. Conversely, activation of the Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK-3beta had a significant stimulatory effect on beta-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. In vitro, GSK-3beta inactivation resulted in the stimulation of beta-cell proliferation. This was mediated by the stabilization of beta-catenin and the induction of cyclin D. Taken together, our results demonstrate the involvement of the canonical Wnt signaling in the neonatal regulation of normal and regenerative growth of pancreatic beta-cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that activation of this pathway by pharmacological maneuvers can efficiently improve beta-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. These findings might have potential clinical applications in the regenerative therapy of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Figeac
- University Paris Diderot-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Equipe d'Accueil Conventionnée 4413, Laboratory of Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perez-Costas E, Gandy JC, Melendez-Ferro M, Roberts RC, Bijur GN. Light and electron microscopy study of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8911. [PMID: 20111716 PMCID: PMC2811740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is highly abundant in the brain. Various biochemical analyses have indicated that GSK3β is localized to different intracellular compartments within brain cells. However, ultrastructural visualization of this kinase in various brain regions and in different brain cell types has not been reported. The goal of the present study was to examine GSK3β distribution and subcellular localization in the brain using immunohistochemistry combined with light and electron microscopy. Initial examination by light microscopy revealed that GSK3β is expressed in brain neurons and their dendrites throughout all the rostrocaudal extent of the adult mouse brain, and abundant GSK3β staining was found in the cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and some brainstem nuclei. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed highly specific subcellular localization of GSK3β in neurons and astrocytes. At the subcellular level, GSK3β was present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and mitochondria of neurons and astrocytes. In addition GSK3β was also present in dendrites and dendritic spines, with some postsynaptic densities clearly labeled for GSK3β. Phosphorylation at serine-9 of GSK3β (pSer9GSK3β) reduces kinase activity. pSer9GSK3β labeling was present in all brain regions, but the pattern of staining was clearly different, with an abundance of labeling in microglia cells in all regions analyzed and much less neuronal staining in the subcortical regions. At the subcellular level pSer9GSK3β labeling was located in the endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and in some of the nuclei. Overall, in normal brains constitutively active GSK3β is predominantly present in neurons while pSer9GSK3β is more evident in resting microglia cells. This visual assessment of GSK3β localization within the subcellular structures of various brain cells may help in understanding the diverse role of GSK3β signaling in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Perez-Costas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Johanna C. Gandy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Miguel Melendez-Ferro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rosalinda C. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gautam N. Bijur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heffron DS, Landreth GE, Samuels IS, Mandell JW. Brain-specific deletion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 mitogen-activated protein kinase leads to aberrant cortical collagen deposition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:2586-99. [PMID: 19893051 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and 2 are essential intracellular mediators of numerous transmembrane signals. To investigate neural-specific functions of ERK2 in the brain, we used a Cre/lox strategy using Nestin:Cre to drive recombination in neural precursor cells. Nestin:Cre;ERK2(fl/fl) conditional knockout (cKO) mice have architecturally normal brains and no gross behavioral deficits. However, all cKO mice developed early-onset (postnatal day 35 to 40) frontal cortical astrogliosis, without evidence of neuronal degeneration. Frontoparietal cortical gray matter, but not underlying white matter, was found to contain abundant pericapillary and parenchymal reticulin fibrils, which were shown by immunohistochemistry to contain fibrillar collagens, including type I collagen. ERK1 general KO mice showed neither fibrils nor astrogliosis, indicating a specific role for ERK2 in the regulation of brain collagen. Collagen fibrils were also observed to a lesser extent in GFAP:Cre;ERK2(fl/fl) mice but not in CamKII-Cre;ERK2(fl/fl) mice (pyramidal neuron specific), consistent with a possible astroglial origin. Primary astroglial cultures from cKO mice expressed elevated fibrillar collagen levels, providing further evidence that the phenotype may be cell autonomous for astroglia. Unlike most other tissues, brain and spinal cord parenchyma do not normally contain fibrillar collagens, except in disease states. Determining mechanisms of ERK2-mediated collagen regulation may enable targeted suppression of glial scar formation in diverse neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Heffron
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ponnusamy M, Pang M, Annamaraju PK, Zhang Z, Gong R, Chin YE, Zhuang S. Transglutaminase-1 protects renal epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis through activation of STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1361-70. [PMID: 19710241 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00251.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies showed that transglutaminase-1 (TGase-1) is uniquely expressed in mouse renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) and mediates cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the role of TGase-1 in cell survival and the survival signaling pathways regulated by TGase-1 in RPTC following oxidant injury. Exposure of RPTC to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resulted in apoptosis and an increase in TGase activity. Inhibition of TGase activity with monodansylcadervine (MDC), a TGase inhibitor, or knockdown of TGase-1 with small interference (si)RNA enhanced apoptosis and decreased cell survival in H2O2-treated RPTC. Conversely, overexpression of TGase-1 rendered RPTC more resistant to H2O2 toxicity and MDC treatment blocked this response. Concurrent with RPTC apoptosis, phosphorylation of AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and glucogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) were observed. Pretreatment of cells with MDC or TGase-1 siRNA inhibited phosphorylation of all these molecules. Inhibition of either the AKT or STAT3 pathway potentiated H2O2-induced cell death and increased GSK-3beta activity by dephosphorylation at serine 9. Furthermore, treatment with GSK-3beta inhibitors reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis and abolished the death-promoting effect of AKT and STAT3 inhibition. Therefore, we have identified TGase-1 as a novel survival factor in renal epithelial cells and it contributes to cell survival through activation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways following oxidant injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duka T, Duka V, Joyce JN, Sidhu A. Alpha-Synuclein contributes to GSK-3beta-catalyzed Tau phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease models. FASEB J 2009; 23:2820-30. [PMID: 19369384 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have shown in the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPP(+)/MPTP model that alpha-Synuclein (alpha-Syn), a presynaptic protein causal in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributes to hyperphosphorylation of Tau (p-Tau), a protein normally linked to tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the kinase involved and show that the Tau-specific kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), is robustly activated in various MPP(+)/MPTP models of Parkinsonism (SH-SY5Y cotransfected cells, mesencephalic neurons, transgenic mice overexpressing alpha-Syn, and postmortem striatum of PD patients). The activation of GSK-3beta was absolutely dependent on the presence of alpha-Syn, as indexed by the absence of p-GSK-3beta in cells lacking alpha-Syn and in alpha-Syn KO mice. MPP(+) treatment induced translocation and accumulation of p-GSK-3beta in nuclei of SH-SY5Y cells and mesencephalic neurons. Through coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), we found that alpha-Syn, pSer396/404-Tau, and p-GSK-3beta exist as a heterotrimeric complex in SH-SY5Y cells. GSK-3beta inhibitors (lithium and TDZD-8) protected against MPP(+)-induced events in SH-SY5Y cells, preventing cell death and p-GSK-3beta formation, by reversing increases in alpha-Syn accumulation and p-Tau formation. These data unveil a previously unappreciated role of alpha-Syn in the induction of p-GSK-3beta, and demonstrate the importance of this kinase in the genesis and maintenance of neurodegenerative changes associated with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Duka
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu W, Li F, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS. Upregulation of RGS4 expression by IL-1beta in colonic smooth muscle is enhanced by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibited by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1310-20. [PMID: 19369446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00573.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initial Ca(2+)-dependent contraction of intestinal smooth muscle is inhibited upon IL-1beta treatment. The decrease in contraction reflects the upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling-4 (RGS4) via the canonical inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-2 (IKK2)/IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. Here, we show that the activation of various protein kinases, including ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), differentially modulates IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4 in rabbit colonic muscle cells. IL-1beta treatment caused a transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. It also caused the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta), sequential downstream effectors of PI3K. Pretreatment with PD-98059 (an ERK inhibitor) and SB-203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced RGS4 expression. In contrast, LY-294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) augmented, whereas GSK3beta inhibitors inhibited, IL-1beta-induced RGS4 expression. PD-98059 blocked IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IKK2, degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB subunit p65, whereas SB-203580 had a marginal effect, implying that the effect of ERK1/2 is exerted on the canonical IKK2/IkappaB-alpha/p65 pathway of NF-kappaB activation but that the effect of p38 MAPK may not predominantly involve NF-kappaB signaling. The increase in RGS4 expression enhanced by LY-294002 was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of IKK2/IkappaB-alpha/p65 and blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of IKK2 (IKK2-IV) and IkappaB-alpha (MG-132). Inhibition of GSK3beta abolished IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IKK2/p65. These findings suggest that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK enhance IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4; the effect of ERK1/2 reflects its ability to promote IKK2 phosphorylation and increase NF-kappaB activity. GSK3beta acts normally to augment the activation of the canonical NF-kappaB signaling. The PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway attenuates IL-1beta-induced upregulation of RGS4 expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma Y, Wang M, Li N, Wu R, Wang X. Bleomycin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human bronchial epithelial cells involves the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:194-200. [PMID: 19429264 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a central role in the development of bleomycin (BLM) lung toxicity, but the regulatory mechanisms are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of BLM on cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and first confirmed that BLM induced the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB signaling in BECs. We also found that BLM activated Akt (protein kinase B, PKB) and increased the phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). GSK3beta is known to be a key downstream target of Akt, and LY294002, the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt inhibitor, which promoted the dephosphorylation of GSK3beta, significantly attenuated BLM-induced NF-kappaB activation. Next, we further observed that constitutively active GSK3beta stabilized the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha), inhibited p65 nuclear translocation and partially blocked BLM-induced NF-kappaB activation. Importantly, a co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that GSK3beta formed a complex with IkappaBalpha, while GSK3beta phosphorylation caused by BLM led to their dissociation. These results suggest that BLM can induce the activation of NF-kappaB signaling in BECs and this process is tightly associated with the phosphorylation status of GSK3beta, implying a possible regulatory mechanism of NF-kappaB signaling in BECs during the toxic lung injury induced by BLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Disease of Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi MS, Kwon KJ, Jeon SJ, Go HS, Kim KC, Ryu JR, Lee JM, Han SH, Cheong JH, Ryu JH, Bae KH, Shin CY, Ko KH. Schizandra chinensis Alkaloids Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in BV2 Microglial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
34
|
Lee SY, Kim HJ, Joo SH, Kwon KJ, Lee J, Han SH, Cho JY, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Shin CY. Regulation of the Activity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 by Zinc in Rat Primary Astrocytes. Exp Neurobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.5607/en.2009.18.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Samyook University, Seoul 139-742, Korea
| | - So Hyun Joo
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jae Young Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Samyook University, Seoul 139-742, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moro L, Arbini AA, Yao JL, di Sant'Agnese PA, Marra E, Greco M. Mitochondrial DNA depletion in prostate epithelial cells promotes anoikis resistance and invasion through activation of PI3K/Akt2. Cell Death Differ 2008; 16:571-83. [PMID: 19079138 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation of prostate epithelium involves aberrant activation of anti-apoptotic and pro-invasive pathways triggered by multiple poorly understood genetic events. We demonstrated earlier that depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) induces prostate cancer progression. Here, using normal prostate epithelial PNT1A cells we demonstrate that mtDNA depletion prevents detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) and promotes migratory capabilities onto basement membrane proteins through upregulation of p85 and p110 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) subunits, which results in Akt2 activation and phosphorylation of downstream substrates GSK3beta, c-Myc, MMP-9, Mdm2, and p53. Pharmacological or genetic PI3K inhibition, siRNA-mediated Akt2 depletion, as well as mtDNA reconstitution were sufficient to restore sensitivity to anoikis and curtail cell migration. Moreover, Akt2 activation induced glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, glucose uptake, and lactate production, common phenotypic changes seen in neoplastic cells. In keeping with these findings, several prostate carcinoma cell lines displayed reduced mtDNA content and increased PI3K/Akt2 levels when compared to normal PNT1A cells, and Akt2 downregulation prevented their survival, migration and glycolytic metabolism. On a tissue microarray, we also found a statistically significant decrease in mtDNA-encoded cytochrome oxidase I in prostate carcinomas. Taken together, these results provide novel mechanistic evidence supporting the notion that mtDNA mutations may confer survival and migratory advantage to prostate cancer cells through Akt2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
An J, Zhang C, Polavarapu R, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yepes M. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein induce Akt phosphorylation in the ischemic brain. Blood 2008; 112:2787-94. [PMID: 18628488 PMCID: PMC2556614 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-141630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is found in the intravascular space and in the central nervous system. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is expressed in neurons and in perivascular astrocytes. During cerebral ischemia, tPA induces the shedding of LRP's extracellular domain from perivascular astrocytes, and this is followed by the development of cerebral edema. Protein kinase B (Akt) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role not only in cell survival but also in the regulation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. We found that, in the early phases of the ischemic insult, the interaction between tPA and LRP induces Akt phosphorylation (pAkt) in perivascular astrocytes and inhibits pAkt in neurons. Coimmunoprecipitation studies indicate that pAkt and LRP's intracellular domain interact in perivascular astrocytes and that this interaction is dependent on the presence of tPA and results in the development of edema. Together, these results indicate that, in the early stages of cerebral ischemia, the interaction between tPA and LRP in perivascular astrocytes induces the activation of a cell signaling event mediated by pAkt that leads to increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie An
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo J. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) in tumorigenesis and cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:194-200. [PMID: 18606491 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes, had been initially identified as a key regulator of insulin-dependent glycogen synthesis. It is now known that GSK3beta functions in diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival. Aberrant regulation of GSK3beta has been implicated in a range of human pathologies including non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, some neurodegenerative diseases, and bipolar disorder. As a consequence, the therapeutic potential of GSK3beta inhibitors has become an important area of investigation. However, GSK3beta also participates in neoplastic transformation and tumor development. The role of GSK3beta in tumorigenesis and cancer progression remains controversial; it may function as a "tumor suppressor" for certain types of tumors, but promotes growth and development for some others. GSK3beta also mediates drug sensitivity/resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, although GSK3beta is an attractive therapeutic target for a number of human diseases, its potential impact on tumorigenesis and cancer chemotherapy needs to be carefully evaluated. This mini-review discusses the role of GSK3beta in tumorigenesis/cancer progression as well as its modulation of cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Differential Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity by the Cyclic-AMP System in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Rat Primary Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:2324-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Rosa AO, Egea J, Martínez A, García AG, López MG. Neuroprotective effect of the new thiadiazolidinone NP00111 against oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices: implication of ERK1/2 and PPARgamma receptors. Exp Neurol 2008; 212:93-9. [PMID: 18471812 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiadiazolidinones (TDZDs) are small molecules that inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-beta) activity in a non competitive manner to ATP. NP00111, a new TDZD, besides causing inhibition of GSK-3beta, has also shown to be an agonist of PPARgamma . Since phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of GSK-3beta by PI-3K/Akt and agonism of PPARgamma have shown to afford neuroprotection in several in vitro and in vivo models, we have studied the potential neuroprotective effect of NP00111 in an "in vitro" model of ischemia-reperfusion. NP00111, at the concentration of 10 microM, significantly protected adult rat hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 h followed by 3 h re-oxygenation, measured as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released to the extracellular media. The protective effects of NP00111 were more pronounced during the re-oxygenation period in comparison to the OGD period. Other GSK-3beta inhibitors like lithium or AR-A014418 did not afford protection in this model. However, the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone was protective at 3 microM. Protection afforded by NP00111 and rosiglitazone were prevented by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662, suggesting that both NP00111 and rosiglitazone were preventing cell death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation via activation of PPARgamma. NP00111 increased by two fold phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its protective effects were lost when the hippocampal slices were co-incubated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059. In conclusion, the novel TDZD NP00111 was protective against OGD in rat hippocampal slices by a mechanism related to phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via activation of PPARgamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo O Rosa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|