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Sadri I, Nikookheslat SD, Karimi P, Khani M, Nadimi S. Aerobic exercise training improves memory function through modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:849-858. [PMID: 38932906 PMCID: PMC11196465 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Defective insulin signaling in the brain may disrupt hippocampal neuroplasticity resulting in learning and memory impairments. Thus, this study investigated the effect of aerobic exercise training on cognitive function and synaptic protein markers in diabetic rats. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats (200-250 g), were fed on high-fat diet and received a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p) to induce type 2 diabetes. Then diabetic animals were randomly divided into sedentary and training groups. The exercise training program was treadmill running at 27 m/min for 60 min/day for 8 weeks. One day after the last training session, Morris Water Maze (MWM) task was performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Then, the hippocamp and prefrontal cortex tissues were instantly dissected for immunoblotting assay of BDNF, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, P38, p-P38, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, heat shock protein-27 (HSP27), SNAP-25, synaptophysin, and PSD-95. Independent t-test analysis and two-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences under significance level of 0.05 using the 26th version of IBM SPSS statistical software. Results The results showed that aerobic exercise improved memory as assessed in the MWM task. Moreover, aerobic exercise up-regulated HSP27 and BDNF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus coincided with robust elevations in SNAP25 and PSD-95 levels. Moreover, exercise reduced phosphorylated P38, while increased p-ERK1/2 and p-GSK-3β (p). Conclusion Our findings suggest that aerobic exercise may debilitate the harmful effects of diabetes on the cognitive function possibly through enhancing synaptic protein markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sadri
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, 5381637181 Iran
| | - Saeid Dabbagh Nikookheslat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471 Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471 Iran
| | - Sanaz Nadimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON Canada
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Casaletto K, Ramos-Miguel A, VandeBunte A, Memel M, Buchman A, Bennett D, Honer W. Late-life physical activity relates to brain tissue synaptic integrity markers in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2023-2035. [PMID: 34994517 PMCID: PMC9259753 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is widely recommended for age-related brain health, yet its neurobiology is not well understood. Animal models indicate PA is synaptogenic. We examined the relationship between PA and synaptic integrity markers in older adults. METHODS Four hundred four decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project completed annual actigraphy monitoring (Mean visits = 3.5±2.4) and post mortem evaluation. Brain tissue was analyzed for presynaptic proteins (synaptophysin, synaptotagmin-1, vesicle-associated membrane proteins, syntaxin, complexin-I, and complexin-II), and neuropathology. Models examined relationships between late-life PA (averaged across visits), and timing-specific PA (time to autopsy) with synaptic proteins. RESULTS Greater late-life PA associated with higher presynaptic protein levels (0.14 < β < 0.20), except complexin-II (β = 0.08). Relationships were independent of pathology but timing specific; participants who completed actigraphy within 2 years of brain tissue measurements showed largest PA-to-synaptic protein associations (0.32 < β < 0.38). Relationships between PA and presynaptic proteins were comparable across brain regions sampled. DISCUSSION PA associates with synaptic integrity in a regionally global, but time-linked nature in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERSAM, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna VandeBunte
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Molly Memel
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco California, USA
| | - Aron Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Honer
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use, Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xu Z, Gong Y, Zou Y, Wan J, Tang J, Zhan C, Wei G, Zhang Q. Dissecting the Inhibitory Mechanism of the αB-Crystallin Domain against Aβ 42 Aggregation and Its Effect on Aβ 42 Protofibrils: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2842-2851. [PMID: 36153964 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein, and its major pathological hallmark is fibrillary β-amyloid plaques. Impeding the formation of Aβ β-structure-rich aggregates and dissociating Aβ fibrils are considered potent strategies to suppress the onset and progression of AD. As a molecular chaperone, human αB-crystallin has received extensive attention in the inhibition of protein aggregation. Previous experiments reported that the structured core region of αB-crystallin (αBC) exhibits a better preventive effect on Aβ aggregation and toxicity than the full-length protein. However, the molecular mechanism behind the effect of inhibition remains mostly unknown. Herein, we carried out six 500 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of αBC on Aβ42 aggregation. Our simulations show that αBC greatly impedes the formation of β-structure contents. We find that the binding of αBC to the Aβ42 monomer is driven by polar, hydrophobic, and H-bonding interactions. To explore whether αBC could destabilize Aβ42 protofibrils, we also carried out MD simulations of Aβ42 protofibrils with and without αBC. The results show that αBC interacts with three binding sites of the Aβ42 protofibril, and the binding is mainly driven by polar and H-bonding interactions. The binding of αBC at these three sites has a preferred dissociation effect on the β-structure content, kink angle, and K28-A42 salt bridges. Overall, this study not only discloses the molecular mechanism of αBC against Aβ42 aggregation but also demonstrates the disruption effects of αBC on Aβ42 protofibrils, which yields an avenue for designing anti-AD drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Gong
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.,School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmenshan Road, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Wan
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Zhan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Adams MM. Environmental enrichment applied with sensory components prevents age-related decline in synaptic dynamics: Evidence from the zebrafish model organism. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111346. [PMID: 33838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Progression of cognitive decline with or without neurodegeneration varies among elderly subjects. The main aim of the current study was to illuminate the molecular mechanisms that promote and retain successful aging in the context of factors such as environment and gender, both of which alter the resilience of the aging brain. Environmental enrichment (EE) is one intervention that may lead to the maintenance of cognitive processing at older ages in both humans and animal subjects. EE is easily applied to different model organisms, including zebrafish, which show similar age-related molecular and behavioral changes as humans. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age, gender and 4-weeks of EE applied with sensory stimulation were investigated using the zebrafish model organism. Results indicated that EE increases brain weight in an age-dependent manner without affecting general body parameters like body mass index (BMI). Age-related declines in the presynaptic protein synaptophysin, AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits and a post-mitotic neuronal marker were observed and short-term EE prevents these changes in aged animals, as well as elevates levels of the inhibitory scaffolding protein, gephyrin. Gender-driven alterations were observed in the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits. Oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in the old animals, while exposure to EE did not alter this pattern. These data suggest that EE with sensory stimulation exerts its effects mainly on age-related changes in synaptic dynamics, which likely increase brain resilience through specific cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Effects of exercise on proactive interference in memory: potential neuroplasticity and neurochemical mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1917-1929. [PMID: 32488351 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proactive interference occurs when consolidated memory traces inhibit new learning. This kind of interference decreases the efficiency of new learning and also causes memory errors. Exercise has been shown to facilitate some types of cognitive function; however, whether exercise reduces proactive interference to enhance learning efficiency is not well understood. Thus, this review discusses the effects of exercise on proactive memory interference and explores potential mechanisms, such as neurogenesis and neurochemical changes, mediating any effect.
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Pereira PDC, Henrique EP, Porfírio DM, Crispim CCDS, Campos MTB, de Oliveira RM, Silva IMS, Guerreiro LCF, da Silva TWP, da Silva ADJF, Rosa JBDS, de Azevedo DLF, Lima CGC, Castro de Abreu C, Filho CS, Diniz DLWP, Magalhães NGDM, Guerreiro-Diniz C, Diniz CWP, Diniz DG. Environmental Enrichment Improved Learning and Memory, Increased Telencephalic Cell Proliferation, and Induced Differential Gene Expression in Colossoma macropomum. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:840. [PMID: 32595498 PMCID: PMC7303308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish use spatial cognition based on allocentric cues to navigate, but little is known about how environmental enrichment (EE) affects learning and memory in correlation with hematological changes or gene expression in the fish brain. Here we investigated these questions in Colossoma macropomum (Teleostei). Fish were housed for 192 days in either EE or in an impoverished environment (IE) aquarium. EE contained toys, natural plants, and a 12-h/day water stream for voluntary exercise, whereas IE had no toys, plants, or water stream. A third plus maze aquarium was used for spatial and object recognition tests. Compared with IE, the EE fish showed greater learning rates, body length, and body weight. After behavioral tests, whole brain tissue was taken, stored in RNA-later, and then homogenized for DNA sequencing after conversion of isolated RNA. To compare read mapping and gene expression profiles across libraries for neurotranscriptome differential expression, we mapped back RNA-seq reads to the C. macropomum de novo assembled transcriptome. The results showed significant differential behavior, cell counts and gene expression in EE and IE individuals. As compared with IE, we found a greater number of cells in the telencephalon of individuals maintained in EE but no significant difference in the tectum opticum, suggesting differential plasticity in these areas. A total of 107,669 transcripts were found that ultimately yielded 64 differentially expressed transcripts between IE and EE brains. Another group of adult fish growing in aquaculture conditions were either subjected to exercise using running water flow or maintained sedentary. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood showed a significantly higher density of lymphocytes, and platelets but no significant differences in erythrocytes and granulocytes. Thus, under the influence of contrasting environments, our findings showed differential changes at the behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels. We propose that the differential expression of selected transcripts, number of telencephalic cell counts, learning and memory performance, and selective hematological cell changes may be part of Teleostei adaptive physiological responses triggered by EE visuospatial and somatomotor stimulation. Our findings suggest abundant differential gene expression changes depending on environment and provide a basis for exploring gene regulation mechanisms under EE in C. macropomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Danillo Monteiro Porfírio
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Maitê Thaís Barros Campos
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Isabella Mesquita Sfair Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luma Cristina Ferreira Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Tiago Werley Pires da Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista da Silva Rosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | - Cecília Gabriella Coutinho Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Cintya Castro de Abreu
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Carlos Santos Filho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Brazil
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What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4293071. [PMID: 32215173 PMCID: PMC7042542 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4293071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study was aimed at investigating the effects and molecular mechanisms of physical activity intervention on Parkinson's disease (PD) and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD. Methods Four electronic databases up to December 2019 were searched (PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley database), 176 articles were selected. Literature data were analyzed by the logic analysis method. Results (1) Risk factors of PD include dairy products, pesticides, traumatic brain injury, and obesity. Protective factors include alcohol, tobacco, coffee, black tea, and physical activity. (2) Physical activity can reduce the risk and improve symptoms of PD and the beneficial forms of physical activity, including running, dancing, traditional Chinese martial arts, yoga, and weight training. (3) Different forms of physical activity alleviate the symptoms of PD through different mechanisms, including reducing the accumulation of α-syn protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing BDNF activity, nerve regeneration, and mitochondrial function. Conclusion Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD. Illustrating the molecular mechanism of physical activity-induced protective effect on PD is an urgent need for improving the efficacy of PD therapy regimens in the future.
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Wang Z, Hou L, Wang D. Effects of exercise-induced fatigue on the morphology of asymmetric synapse and synaptic protein levels in rat striatum. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104476. [PMID: 31145967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corticostriatal synaptic plasticity is considered to be a cellular basis for somatic motor regulation and motor skill learning. Changes in synaptic transmission efficiency underlie functional plasticity, while structural plasticity involves changes in the ultrastructure of the synapse and the levels of synaptic proteins. Exercise-induced fatigue may impair corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, and this impairment may be an important mechanism for exercise-induced fatigue. However, prior research focused mainly on functional plasticity such that the structural plasticity was not well understood. Because corticostriatal synapses are typical asymmetric synapses, here we have used transmission electron microscopy to examine the changes of asymmetry synaptic ultrastructure in rat striatum before and after repetitive exercise-induced fatigue; we have also used western blotting to detect the levels of synaptic active region protein Munc 13, RIM1 and synaptic vesicle protein Rab3A and postsynaptic density PSD-95 protein in rat striatum before and after exercise-induced fatigue. The results showed that the ultrastructure of asymmetry corticostriatal synapses and synaptic protein levels in the striatum of rats were abnormally changed after repetitive exercise-induced fatigue. These abnormal changes in synaptic ultrastructure and related protein levels may be the structural basis for the corticostriatal plasticity impairment after exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710048, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- Physical Education and Sports College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Mahboubi S, Nasehi M, Imani A, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Zarrindast MR, Vousooghi N, Noroozian M. Benefit effect of REM-sleep deprivation on memory impairment induced by intensive exercise in male wistar rats: with respect to hippocampal BDNF and TrkB. Nat Sci Sleep 2019; 11:179-188. [PMID: 31576186 PMCID: PMC6767759 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s207339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors affect our learning and memory quality, but according to different studies, having a positive or negative impact pertains to their characteristics like intensity or the amount. PURPOSE The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 24-hour REM-sleep deprivation on continuous-high intensity forced exercise-induced memory impairment and its effect on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) levels in the hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex area (PFC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were conditioned to run on treadmills for 5 weeks then, were deprived of sleep for 24 h using the modified multiple platforms. The effect of intensive exercise and/or 24-h REM-SD was studied on behavioral performance using Morris Water Maze protocol for 2 days, and BDNF/TrkB levels were assessed in hippocampus and PFC after behavioral probe test using western blotting. RESULTS After 5 weeks of intensive exercise and 24-h REM-SD, spatial memory impairment and reduction of BDNF and TrkB levels were found in hippocampus and PFC. 24-h REM-SD improved memory impairment and intensive exercise-induced downregulation of BDNF and TrkB protein levels. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggested that sleep deprivation might act as a compensatory factor to reduce memory impairment when the animal is under severe stressful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mahboubi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Department of Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Imani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bettio L, Thacker JS, Hutton C, Christie BR. Modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:295-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sogaard I, Ni R. Mediating Age-related Cognitive Decline through Lifestyle Activities: A Brief Review of the Effects of Physical Exercise and Sports-playing on Older Adult Cognition. ACTA PSYCHOPATHOLOGICA 2018; 4:22. [PMID: 35308579 PMCID: PMC8932955 DOI: 10.4172/2469-6676.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with variable declines in perception and cognition, which may be mediated through active engagement in certain lifestyle activities. The aim of this review was to discuss the relationship between cognitive functioning in older adulthood and participation in various types of physical exercise and sports-playing activities. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of relatively nonspecific forms of aerobic physical activity, although some emerging evidence has suggested that more specific forms of sports-playing activities may confer greater cognitive benefit in specific areas of cognitive functioning. The evidence reviewed suggests the potential for simple lifestyle-related behaviors to mediate the cognitive decline often found in older adults, and to enhance the aging brain's cognitive reserve. However, more work is needed in order to ascertain the variable outcomes of exercise type, duration, and frequency, and the cognitive effects of various sports activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Ni
- Corresponding author: Rui Ni, , Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA, Tel: (316) 978-3886, Fax: (316) 978-3086
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Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:181-193. [PMID: 30236533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Of wide interest for health is the relation existing between depression, a very common psychological illness, accompanied by anxiety and reduced ability to concentrate, and adult neurogenesis. We will focus on two neurogenic stimuli, fluoxetine and physical exercise, both endowed with the ability to activate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, known to be required for learning and memory, and both able to counteract depression. Fluoxetine belongs to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which represent the most used pharmacological therapy; physical exercise has also been shown to effectively counteract depression symptoms in rodents as well as in humans. While there is evidence that the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine requires its pro-neurogenic action, exerted by promoting proliferation, differentiation and survival of progenitor cells of the hippocampus, on the other hand fluoxetine exerts also neurogenesis-independent antidepressant effects by influencing the plasticity of the new neurons generated. Similarly, the antidepressant action of running also correlates with an increase of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, although the gene pathways involved are only partially coincident with those of fluoxetine, such as those involved in serotonin metabolism and synapse formation. We further discuss how extra-neurogenic actions are also suggested by the fact that, unlike running, fluoxetine is unable to stimulate neurogenesis during aging, but still displays antidepressant effects. Moreover, in specific conditions, fluoxetine or running activate not only progenitor but also stem cells, which normally are not stimulated; this fact reveals how stem cells have a long-term, hidden ability to self-renew and, more generally, that neurogenesis is subject to complex controls that may play a role in depression, such as the type of neurogenic stimulus or the state of the local niche. Finally, we discuss how fluoxetine or running are effective in counteracting depression originated from stress or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Reinehr S, Kuehn S, Casola C, Koch D, Stute G, Grotegut P, Dick HB, Joachim SC. HSP27 immunization reinforces AII amacrine cell and synapse damage induced by S100 in an autoimmune glaucoma model. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:237-249. [PMID: 29064077 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve fibers after immunization with the S100B protein. Addition of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) also leads to a decrease of RGCs. Our present aim has been to analyze various retinal cell types after immunization with S100B or S100B + HSP27 (S100 + HSP). After 28 days, retinas were processed for immunohistology and Western blot. RGCs, immunostained for NeuN, were significantly decreased in the S100 and the S100 + HSP groups. Significantly fewer ChAT+ cells were noted in both groups, whereas parvalbumin+ cells were only affected in the S100 + HSP group. Western blot results also revealed fewer ChAT signals in both immunized groups. No changes were noted with regard to PKCα+ rod bipolar cells, whereas a significant loss of recoverin+ cone bipolar cells was observed in both groups via immunohistology and Western blot. The presynaptic marker Bassoon and the postsynaptic marker PSD95 were significantly reduced in the S100 + HSP group. Opsin+ and rhodopsin+ photoreceptors revealed no changes in either group. Thus, the inner retinal layers are affected by immunization. However, the combination of S100 and HSP27 has a stronger additive effect on the retinal synapses and AII amacrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Kuehn
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Casola
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dennis Koch
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gesa Stute
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Grotegut
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany.
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Cardoso FDS, França EF, Serra FT, Victorino AB, de Almeida AA, Fernandes J, Cabral FR, Venancio DP, Arida RM, Gomes da Silva S. Aerobic exercise reduces hippocampal ERK and p38 activation and improves memory of middle-aged rats. Hippocampus 2017; 27:899-905. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Paulino Venancio
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia; Faculdade de Medicina do ABC; Santo André - SP Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC). Mogi das Cruzes - SP; Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; São Paulo - SP Brazil
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Camprubí Camprubí M, Balada Caballé R, Ortega Cano JA, Ortega de la Torre MDLA, Duran Fernández-Feijoo C, Girabent-Farrés M, Figueras-Aloy J, Krauel X, Alcántara S. Learning and memory disabilities in IUGR babies: Functional and molecular analysis in a rat model. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00631. [PMID: 28293472 PMCID: PMC5346519 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the failure of the fetus to achieve its inherent growth potential, and it has frequently been associated with neurodevelopmental problems in childhood. Neurological disorders are mostly associated with IUGR babies with an abnormally high cephalization index (CI) and a brain sparing effect. However, a similar correlation has never been demonstrated in an animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between CI, functional deficits in learning and memory and alterations in synaptic proteins in a rat model of IUGR. METHODS 2Utero-placental insufficiency was induced by meso-ovarian vessel cauterization (CMO) in pregnant rats at embryonic day 17 (E17). Learning performance in an aquatic learning test was evaluated 25 days after birth and during 10 days. Some synaptic proteins were analyzed (PSD95, Synaptophysin) by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 3Placental insufficiency in CMO pups was associated with spatial memory deficits, which are correlated with a CI above the normal range. CMO pups presented altered levels of synaptic proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS 4The results of this study suggest that learning disabilities may be associated with altered development of excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Although interspecific differences in fetal response to placental insufficiency should be taken into account, the translation of these data to humans suggest that both IUGR babies and babies with a normal birth weight but with intrauterine Doppler alterations and abnormal CI should be closely followed to detect neurodevelopmental alterations during the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Camprubí Camprubí
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafel Balada Caballé
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan A Ortega Cano
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain; Present address: Department of Neurology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | | | | | | | - Josep Figueras-Aloy
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Krauel
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Zhang Z, Li X, Li D, Luo M, Li Y, Song L, Jiang X. Asiaticoside ameliorates β-amyloid-induced learning and memory deficits in rats by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and reducing inflammatory factors. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:413-420. [PMID: 28352309 PMCID: PMC5348711 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of asiaticoside (AS) on the pathology and associated mechanisms of β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. An AD rat model was established by lateral intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ 1–42 oligomers. Learning and memory function were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) test. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry, ELISA and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the disease pathogenesis. The results indicated that AS exerted protective effects in rats treated with Aβ oligomers, in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by the improved learning and memory function in the MWM test. In addition, H&E staining of hippocampal tissue showed that the histological structure was damaged in the model group, which was restored by AS treatment. Aβ deposition was dramatically increased in the model group, and the pathological changes were reversed by AS treatment. TEM revealed that the subcellular structure was injured by Aβ oligomers, however, the structure was ameliorated by AS treatment. Furthermore, AS was found to reduce the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the brains of Aβ-treated rats. In addition, AS treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of caspases-3, whereas the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 was significantly increased, in these Aβ-treated rats. According to the findings of the observed study, AS has a marked protective effect on Aβ-induced AD pathology, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the alleviation of the mitochondrial injuries, the anti-inflammatory activities, and the influence on the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mao Luo
- Department of Research Centre of Medicine and Functional Foods, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of Research Centre of Medicine and Functional Foods, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Treadmill Exercise Improves Memory Function Depending on Circadian Rhythm Changes in Mice. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S141-149. [PMID: 27915477 PMCID: PMC5169096 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632738.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise enhances memory function by increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and circadian rhythms modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The circadian rhythm-dependent effects of treadmill exercise on memory function in relation with neurogenesis were investigated using mice. Methods The step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, the 8-arm maze test was used to test spatial learning ability, and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine immunofluorescence was used to assess neurogenesis. Western blotting was also performed to assess levels of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, early growth response protein 1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and growth-associated protein 43. The mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 1 group started exercising 1 hour after sunrise, the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 6 group started exercising 6 hours after sunrise, and the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 13 group started exercising 1 hour after sunset. The mice in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes once a day for 7 weeks. Results Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory and spatial learning ability, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These effects of treadmill exercise were stronger in mice that exercised during the day or in the evening than in mice that exercised at dawn. Conclusions Treadmill exercise improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These results suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of treadmill exercise may depend on circadian rhythm changes.
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Hüttenrauch M, Salinas G, Wirths O. Effects of Long-Term Environmental Enrichment on Anxiety, Memory, Hippocampal Plasticity and Overall Brain Gene Expression in C57BL6 Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:62. [PMID: 27536216 PMCID: PMC4971077 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that physical activity exerts positive effects on a variety of brain functions by facilitating neuroprotective processes and influencing neuroplasticity. Accordingly, numerous studies have shown that continuous exercise can successfully diminish or prevent the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease in transgenic mouse models. However, the long-term effect of physical activity on brain health of aging wild-type (WT) mice has not yet been studied in detail. Here, we show that prolonged physical and cognitive stimulation, mediated by an enriched environment (EE) paradigm for a duration of 11 months, leads to reduced anxiety and improved spatial reference memory in C57BL6 WT mice. While the number of CA1 pyramidal neurons remained unchanged between standard housed (SH) and EE mice, the number of dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, as well as the CA1 and DG volume were significantly increased in EE mice. A whole-brain deep sequencing transcriptome analysis, carried out to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, revealed an up-regulation of a variety of genes upon EE, mainly associated with synaptic plasticity and transcription regulation. The present findings corroborate the impact of continuous physical activity as a potential prospective route in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hüttenrauch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Hüttenrauch M, Brauß A, Kurdakova A, Borgers H, Klinker F, Liebetanz D, Salinas-Riester G, Wiltfang J, Klafki HW, Wirths O. Physical activity delays hippocampal neurodegeneration and rescues memory deficits in an Alzheimer disease mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e800. [PMID: 27138799 PMCID: PMC5070068 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence for a protective role of physical activity on the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been growing in the last years. Here we studied the influence of a prolonged physical and cognitive stimulation on neurodegeneration, with special emphasis on hippocampal neuron loss and associated behavioral impairment in the Tg4-42 mouse model of AD. Tg4-42 mice overexpress Aβ4-42 without any mutations, and develop an age-dependent hippocampal neuron loss associated with a severe memory decline. We demonstrate that long-term voluntary exercise diminishes CA1 neuron loss and completely rescues spatial memory deficits in different experimental settings. This was accompanied by changes in the gene expression profile of Tg4-42 mice. Deep sequencing analysis revealed an upregulation of chaperones involved in endoplasmatic reticulum protein processing, which might be intimately linked to the beneficial effects seen upon long-term exercise. We believe that we provide evidence for the first time that enhanced physical activity counteracts neuron loss and behavioral deficits in a transgenic AD mouse model. The present findings underscore the relevance of increased physical activity as a potential strategy in the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hüttenrauch
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - A Brauß
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - A Kurdakova
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - H Borgers
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - F Klinker
- Department of Clinical
Neurophysiology, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - D Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical
Neurophysiology, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - G Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental
Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, University
Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University,
Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative
Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - H W Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
| | - O Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG),
Georg-August-University, Göttingen,
Germany
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Shin MS, Jeong HY, An DI, Lee HY, Sung YH. Treadmill exercise facilitates synaptic plasticity on dopaminergic neurons and fibers in the mouse model with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 621:28-33. [PMID: 27080424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) helps to alleviate clinical symptoms such as tremor, balance instability, gait dysfunction, and rigidity. However, molecular mechanism about effect of exercise is poorly unknown. In this study, we investigated effect of exercise in synapse and dendritic spine of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons on mice with PD. The C57BL/6J male mice (n=40) were divided by sham group, sham-exercise treated group, 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treated group, and MPTP-exercise treated group. For exercise treatment, the mice were put on the treadmill to run for 8m/min, 30min/day, and 5 times/week for 2 weeks. Coordination ability was checked by rota rod test. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), synaptophysin, and post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) was confirmed at substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or striatum using western blotting, or immunohistochemistry. To check dendritic spine in striatum, we used Golgi staining. The results revealed that MPTP treated group displayed poor coordination ability compared with sham group. However, MPTP-exercise treated group showed good coordination ability compared with MPTP treated group. As well as, we also found that MPTP-exercise group increases expression of synaptophysin, PSD-95, TH, and dendritic spine in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and fibers than MPTP treated group (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that exercise may give beneficial effects to patients with PD by facilitating synaptic plasticity and increasing dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong-si, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jeong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Da-In An
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea.
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The effects of hormones and physical exercise on hippocampal structural plasticity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:23-43. [PMID: 26989000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays an integral role in certain aspects of cognition. Hippocampal structural plasticity and in particular adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we review how hormones (i.e., intrinsic modulators) and physical exercise (i.e., an extrinsic modulator) can differentially modulate hippocampal plasticity in general and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in particular. Specifically, we provide an overview of the effects of sex hormones, stress hormones, and metabolic hormones on hippocampal structural plasticity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, we also discuss how physical exercise modulates these forms of hippocampal plasticity, giving particular emphasis on how this modulation can be affected by variables such as exercise regime, duration, and intensity. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the modulation of hippocampal structural plasticity by intrinsic and extrinsic factors will impact the design of new therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring hippocampal plasticity following brain injury or neurodegeneration.
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Widespread cerebellar transcriptome changes in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model after lifelong running. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lin CM, Chang CK, Chang CP, Hsu YC, Lin MT, Lin JW. Protecting against ischaemic stroke in rats by heat shock protein 20-mediated exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1297-305. [PMID: 26479875 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise preconditioning (EP(+) ) has been widely accepted as a being of safe and effective preventive measure for stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether EP(+) improves outcomes of ischaemic stroke by promoting neuronal and glial expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 20. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (288 in number) were used to investigate the contribution of HSP20-containing neurons and HSP20-containing glial cells in the exercise-mediated neuroprotection in the stroke condition using middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS Exercise preconditioning, in addition to increasing the numbers of both the HSP20-containg neurons (88 ± 8 vs. 43 ± 4; n = 8 each group; P < 0·05) and the HSP20-containg astrocytes (102 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 5; n = 8; P < 0·05) significantly attenuated stroke-induced brain infarct (140 ± 9 vs. 341 ± 20 mm(3) ; n = 8 per group; P < 0·01), neuronal apoptosis (20 ± 5 vs. 87 ± 7; n = 8 per group; n = 8; P < 0·01), glial apoptosis (29 ± 5 vs. 101 ± 4; n = 8; P < 0·01), and neurological deficits (6·6 ± 0·3 vs. 11·7 ± 0·8; n = 8 per group; P < 0·01). Reducing the numbers of both HSP20-containing neurons and HSP20-contaiing glia by intracerebral injection of pSUPER small interfering RNAί expressing HSP20 significantly reversed the beneficial effects of EP(+) in attenuating stroke-induced cerebral infarct, neuronal and glial apoptosis, and neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS The numbers of both the HSP20-containing neurons and the HSP20-containing glia inversely correlated with the outcomes of ischaemic stroke. In addition, preischaemic treadmill exercise improves outcomes of ischaemic stroke by increasing the numbers of both the HSP20-containing neurons and the HSP20-containing glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Exercise prevents downregulation of hippocampal presynaptic proteins following olanzapine-elicited metabolic dysregulation in rats: Distinct roles of inhibitory and excitatory terminals. Neuroscience 2015; 301:298-311. [PMID: 26086543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine, or other second-generation antipsychotics, frequently develop metabolic side-effects, such as glucose intolerance and increased adiposity. We previously observed that modeling these adverse effects in rodents also resulted in hippocampal shrinkage. Here, we investigated the impact of olanzapine treatment, and the beneficial influence of routine exercise, on the neurosecretion machinery of the hippocampus. Immunodensities and interactions of three soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins (syntaxin-1, synaptosome-associated protein of 25kDa (SNAP-25) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)), synaptotagmin and complexins-1/2 were quantified in the hippocampus of sedentary and exercising rats exposed over 9weeks to vehicle (n=28) or olanzapine (10mg/kg/day, n=28). In addition, brain sections from subgroups of sedentary animals (n=8) were co-immunolabeled with antibodies against vesicular GABA (VGAT) and glutamate (VGLUT1) transporters, along with syntaxin-1, and examined by confocal microscopy to detect selective olanzapine effects within inhibitory or excitatory terminals. Following olanzapine treatment, sedentary, but not exercising rats showed downregulated (33-50%) hippocampal densities of SNARE proteins and synaptotagmin, without altering complexin levels. Strikingly, these effects had no consequences on the amount of SNARE protein-protein interactions. Lower immunodensity of presynaptic proteins was associated with reduced CA1 volume and glucose intolerance. Syntaxin-1 depletion appeared more prominent in VGAT-positive terminals within the dentate gyrus, and in non-VGAT/VGLUT1-overlapping areas of CA3. The present findings suggest that chronic exposure to olanzapine may alter hippocampal connectivity, especially in inhibitory terminals within the dentate gyrus, and along the mossy fibers of CA3. Together with previous studies, we propose that exercise-based therapies might be beneficial for patients being treated with olanzapine.
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Savioz A, Leuba G, Vallet PG. A framework to understand the variations of PSD-95 expression in brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:86-94. [PMID: 25264360 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 is a major element of synapses. PSD-95 is involved in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and numerous psychiatric disorders. However, contradictory data about PSD-95 expression in aging and AD have been reported. Indeed in AD versus control brains PSD-95 varies according to regions, increasing in the frontal cortex, at least in a primary stage, and decreasing in the temporal cortex. In contrast, in transgenic mouse models of aging and AD PSD-95 expression is decreased, in behaviorally aged impaired versus unimpaired rodents it can decrease or increase and finally, it is increased in rodents grown in enriched environments. Different factors explain these contradictory results in both animals and humans, among others concomitant psychiatric endophenotypes, such as depression. The possible involvement of PSD-95 in reactive and/or compensatory mechanisms during AD progression is underscored, at least before the occurrence of important synaptic elimination. Thus, in AD but not in AD transgenic mice, enhanced expression might precede the diminution commonly observed in advanced aging. A two-compartments cell model, separating events taking place in cell bodies and synapses, is presented. Overall these data suggest that AD research will progress by untangling pathological from protective events, a prerequisite for effective therapeutic strategies.
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Erekat N, Al-Khatib A, Al-Jarrah M. Heat shock protein 90 is a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:616-21. [PMID: 25206864 PMCID: PMC4146229 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that heat shock protein 90 overexpression can lead to dopaminergic neuronal death. This study was designed to further investigate what effects are produced by heat shock protein 90 after endurance exercise training. Immunohistochemistry results showed that exercise training significantly inhibited heat shock protein 90 overexpression in the soleus and gastrocnemius in Parkinson's disease rats, which is a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahed Al-Khatib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammed Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Current address: Fatima College of Health Sciences (FCHS). Abu Dhabi, UAE)
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Swimming improves the emotional memory deficit by scopolamine via mu opioid receptors. Physiol Behav 2014; 128:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Physical exercise improves synaptic dysfunction and recovers the loss of survival factors in 3xTg-AD mouse brain. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:55-63. [PMID: 24486380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has become a potentially beneficial therapy for reducing neurodegeneration symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have shown that cognitive deterioration, anxiety and the startle response observed in 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were ameliorated after 6 months of free access to a running wheel. Also, alterations in synaptic response to paired-pulse stimulation were improved. The present study further investigated some molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of 6 months of voluntary exercise on synaptic plasticity in 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Changes in binding parameters of [(3)H]-flunitrazepam to GABAA receptor and of [(3)H]-MK-801 to NMDA receptor in cerebral cortex of 3xTgAD mice were restored by voluntary exercise. In addition, reduced expression levels of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit were reestablished. The synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD-95 and the neuroprotective proteins GDNF and SIRT1 were downregulated in 3xTgAD mice and were recovered by exercise treatment. Overall, in this paper we highlight the fact that different interrelated mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity alterations in the 3xTg-AD mouse model.
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McKee AC, Daneshvar DH, Alvarez VE, Stein TD. The neuropathology of sport. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:29-51. [PMID: 24366527 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of regular exercise, physical fitness and sports participation on cardiovascular and brain health are undeniable. Physical activity reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and stroke, and produces beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, antioxidant systems, inflammation, and vascular function. Exercise also enhances psychological health, reduces age-related loss of brain volume, improves cognition, reduces the risk of developing dementia, and impedes neurodegeneration. Nonetheless, the play of sports is associated with risks, including a risk for mild TBI (mTBI) and, rarely, catastrophic traumatic injury and death. There is also growing awareness that repetitive mTBIs, such as concussion and subconcussion, can occasionally produce persistent cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric problems as well as lead to the development of a neurodegeneration, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In this review, we summarize the beneficial aspects of sports participation on psychological, emotional, physical and cognitive health, and specifically analyze some of the less common adverse neuropathological outcomes, including concussion, second-impact syndrome, juvenile head trauma syndrome, catastrophic sudden death, and CTE. CTE is a latent neurodegeneration clinically associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction and cognitive impairments, and pathologically characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, neuronal and axonal loss, and abnormal deposits of paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and 43 kDa TAR deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding protein (TDP-43). CTE often occurs as a sole diagnosis, but may be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, including motor neuron disease (CTE-MND). Although the incidence and prevalence of CTE are not known, CTE has been reported most frequently in American football players and boxers. Other sports associated with CTE include ice hockey, professional wrestling, soccer, rugby, and baseball.
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Berchicci M, Lucci G, Di Russo F. Benefits of physical exercise on the aging brain: the role of the prefrontal cortex. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1337-41. [PMID: 23833198 PMCID: PMC3805300 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor planning in older adults likely relies on the overengagement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is associated with slowness of movement and responses. Does a physically active lifestyle counteract the overrecruitment of the PFC during action preparation? This study used high-resolution electroencephalography to measure the effect of physical exercise on the executive functions of the PFC preceding a visuomotor discriminative task. A total of 130 participants aged 15-86 were divided into two groups based on physical exercise participation. The response times and accuracy and the premotor activity of the PFC were separately correlated with age for the two groups. The data were first fit with a linear function and then a higher order polynomial function. We observed that after 35-40 years of age, physically active individuals have faster response times than their less active peers and showed no signs of PFC hyperactivity during motor planning. The present findings show that physical exercise could speed up the response of older people and reveal that also in middle-aged people, moderate-to-high levels of physical exercise benefits the planning/execution of a response and the executive functions mediated by the PFC, counteracting the neural overactivity often observed in the elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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Bherer L, Erickson KI, Liu-Ambrose T. A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. J Aging Res 2013; 2013:657508. [PMID: 24102028 PMCID: PMC3786463 DOI: 10.1155/2013/657508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies supporting the notion that physical activity and exercise can help alleviate the negative impact of age on the body and the mind abound. This literature review provides an overview of important findings in this fast growing research domain. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies with healthy older adults, frail patients, and persons suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia are reviewed and discussed. Together these finding suggest that physical exercise is a promising nonpharmaceutical intervention to prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bherer
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Aerobic exercise attenuates inhibitory avoidance memory deficit induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1529:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fang ZH, Lee CH, Seo MK, Cho H, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Park SW, Kim YH. Effect of treadmill exercise on the BDNF-mediated pathway in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen YW, Hsieh PL, Chen YC, Hung CH, Cheng JT. Physical Exercise Induces Excess Hsp72 Expression and Delays the Development of Hyperalgesia and Allodynia in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Rats. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:482-90. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318274e4a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kida E, Rabe A, Walus M, Albertini G, Golabek AA. Long-term running alleviates some behavioral and molecular abnormalities in Down syndrome mouse model Ts65Dn. Exp Neurol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mattson MP. Energy intake and exercise as determinants of brain health and vulnerability to injury and disease. Cell Metab 2012; 16:706-22. [PMID: 23168220 PMCID: PMC3518570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evolution favored individuals with superior cognitive and physical abilities under conditions of limited food sources, and brain function can therefore be optimized by intermittent dietary energy restriction (ER) and exercise. Such energetic challenges engage adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones, DNA-repair proteins, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. By suppressing adaptive cellular stress responses, overeating and a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke, and depression. Intense concerted efforts of governments, families, schools, and physicians will be required to successfully implement brain-healthy lifestyles that incorporate ER and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Makena N, Bugarith K, Russell VA. Maternal separation enhances object location memory and prevents exercise-induced MAPK/ERK signalling in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:377-85. [PMID: 22476924 PMCID: PMC3422626 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress increases the risk of developing psychopathology accompanied by reduced cognitive function in later life. Maternal separation induces anxiety-like behaviours and is associated with impaired memory. On the other hand, exercise has been shown to diminish anxiety-like behaviours and improve cognitive function. The effects of maternal separation and exercise on anxiety, memory and hippocampal proteins were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Maternal separation produced anxiety-like behaviours which were reversed by exercise. Maternal separation also enhanced object location memory which was not affected by exercise. Exercise did, however, increase synaptophysin and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the hippocampus of non-separated rats and this effect was not observed in maternally separated rats. These findings show that maternal separation selectively enhanced n memory and prevented activation of the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway in the adult rat hippocampus.
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Kraft E. Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2012; 19:248-63. [PMID: 22313174 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2011.645010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows the positive effect of physical activity (PA) on maintaining cognitive function. Both processes seem intrinsically linked to each other. The most likely mechanism is a reciprocal stimulation of neuroplasticity. Based on extensive experimental work on animals and humans, the concept of an enriched environment, including PA and challenging cognitive tasks, has provided the basis to systematically assess possible interventions for successful aging. I will use recent findings on brain mechanisms associated with PA and its effects on higher cognitive function at a systems and molecular level to demonstrate the need to design effective interventions. Such interventions should be designed to take advantage of the presumed compensatory mechanisms of elderly individuals, thereby limiting functional decline in higher cognitive performance in aging people. My review of the most recent relevant publications concerning this topic supports the notion that it is a promising approach to provide cognitive training and PA in conjunction, since the combination may generate synergistic beneficial changes than either one individually. Multimodal training programs should therefore be tested. However, at present there is insufficient evidence to conclude that multimodal interventions are superior to isolated cognitive or physical exercise interventions, since major studies addressing this topic are lacking. These studies are needed to conclusively prove that both strategies will positively interact when used in combined interventions. Finally the use of modern technology for these interventions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Kraft
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Chen YW, Li YT, Chen YC, Li ZY, Hung CH. Exercise Training Attenuates Neuropathic Pain and Cytokine Expression After Chronic Constriction Injury of Rat Sciatic Nerve. Anesth Analg 2012; 114:1330-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824c4ed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lazic SE. Using causal models to distinguish between neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects on behaviour. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:907-17. [PMID: 21957118 PMCID: PMC3306643 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial amount of research on the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour over the past 15 years, but the causal role that new neurons have on cognitive and affective behavioural tasks is still far from clear. This is partly due to the difficulty of manipulating levels of neurogenesis without inducing off-target effects, which might also influence behaviour. In addition, the analytical methods typically used do not directly test whether neurogenesis mediates the effect of an intervention on behaviour. Previous studies may have incorrectly attributed changes in behavioural performance to neurogenesis because the role of known (or unknown) neurogenesis-independent mechanisms was not formally taken into consideration during the analysis. Causal models can tease apart complex causal relationships and were used to demonstrate that the effect of exercise on pattern separation is via neurogenesis-independent mechanisms. Many studies in the neurogenesis literature would benefit from the use of statistical methods that can separate neurogenesis-dependent from neurogenesis-independent effects on behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley E Lazic
- Bioinformatics and Exploratory Data Analysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
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Hooghiemstra AM, Eggermont LHP, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Scherder EJA. Exercise and early-onset Alzheimer's disease: theoretical considerations. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2:132-45. [PMID: 22590474 PMCID: PMC3347875 DOI: 10.1159/000335493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although studies show a negative relationship between physical activity and the risk for cognitive impairment and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, studies concerning early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) are lacking. This review aims to justify the value of exercise interventions in EOAD by providing theoretical considerations that include neurobiological processes. METHODS A literature search on key words related to early-onset dementia, exercise, imaging, neurobiological mechanisms, and cognitive reserve was performed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Brain regions and neurobiological processes contributing to the positive effects of exercise are affected in EOAD and, thus, provide theoretical support for exercise interventions in EOAD. Finally, we present the design of a randomized controlled trial currently being conducted in early-onset dementia patients.
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Different types of exercise induce differential effects on neuronal adaptations and memory performance. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zohar J, Yahalom H, Kozlovsky N, Cwikel-Hamzany S, Matar MA, Kaplan Z, Yehuda R, Cohen H. High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:796-809. [PMID: 21741804 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-dose corticosteroids have been reported to reduce symptoms of acute stress and post-traumatic stress in polytrauma patients and in animal studies. The underlying mechanism of action remains largely unclear. These issues were addressed in parallel in the clinical and preclinical studies below. In this preliminary study, 25 patients with acute stress symptoms were administered a single intravenous bolus of high-dose hydrocortisone (100-140 mg) or placebo within 6 h of a traumatic event in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Early single high-dose hydrocortisone intervention attenuated the core symptoms of both the acute stress and of subsequent PTSD in patients. High-dose hydrocortisone treatment given in the first few hours after a traumatic experience was associated with significant favorable changes in the trajectory of exposure to trauma, as expressed by the reduced risk of the development of PTSD post-trauma. In parallel, a comparative study of morphological arborization in dentate gyrus and its modulating molecules was performed in stress-exposed animals treated with high-dose hydrocortisone. Steroid-treated stressed animals displayed significantly increased dendritic growth and spine density, with increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and obtunded postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) levels. The animal study provided insights into the potential mechanism of this intervention, as it identified relevant morphological and biochemical associations to the clinical observations. Thus, evidence from clinical and animal studies suggests that there is a "window of opportunity" in the early aftermath of trauma to help those who are vulnerable to the development of chronic PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zohar
- Division of Psychiatry, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Effect of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine on dendritic spine dynamics in rat neocortical neurons — Involvement of heat shock protein 27. Brain Res 2011; 1370:43-52. [PMID: 21075084 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aguiar A, Boemer G, Rial D, Cordova F, Mancini G, Walz R, de Bem A, Latini A, Leal R, Pinho R, Prediger R. High-intensity physical exercise disrupts implicit memory in mice: involvement of the striatal glutathione antioxidant system and intracellular signaling. Neuroscience 2010; 171:1216-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lappalainen J, Lappalainen Z, Oksala NKJ, Laaksonen DE, Khanna S, Sen CK, Atalay M. Alpha-lipoic acid does not alter stress protein response to acute exercise in diabetic brain. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:644-50. [PMID: 21104931 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones which may act protective in cerebrovascular insults and peripheral diabetic neuropathy. We hypothesized that alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a natural thiol antioxidant, may enhance brain HSP response in diabetes. Rats with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with LA or saline for 8 weeks. Half of the rats were subjected to exhaustive exercise to investigate HSP induction, and the brain tissue was analyzed. Diabetes increased constitutive HSC70 mRNA, and decreased HSP90 and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) mRNA without affecting protein levels. Exercise increased HSP90 protein and mRNA, and also GRP75 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA only in non-diabetic animals. LA had no significant effect on brain HSPs, although LA increased HSC70 and HO-1 mRNA in diabetic animals and decreased HSC70 mRNA in non-diabetic animals. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor-2, essential for protein synthesis, was decreased by diabetes and suggesting a mechanism for the impaired HSP response related to translocation of the nascent chain during protein synthesis. LA supplementation does not offset the adverse effects of diabetes on brain HSP mRNA expression. Diabetes may impair HSP translation through elongation factors related to nascent chain translocation and subsequent responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Lappalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Hoffman JM, Bell KR, Powell JM, Behr J, Dunn EC, Dikmen S, Bombardier CH. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise to Improve Mood After Traumatic Brain Injury. PM R 2010; 2:911-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Takamatsu Y, Ishida A, Hamakawa M, Tamakoshi K, Jung CG, Ishida K. Treadmill running improves motor function and alters dendritic morphology in the striatum after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res 2010; 1355:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Horita H, Wada K, Rivas MV, Hara E, Jarvis ED. The dusp1 immediate early gene is regulated by natural stimuli predominantly in sensory input neurons. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:2873-901. [PMID: 20506480 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many immediate early genes (IEGs) have activity-dependent induction in a subset of brain subdivisions or neuron types. However, none have been reported yet with regulation specific to thalamic-recipient sensory neurons of the telencephalon or in the thalamic sensory input neurons themselves. Here, we report the first such gene, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1). Dusp1 is an inactivator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and MAPK activates expression of egr1, one of the most commonly studied IEGs, as determined in cultured cells. We found that in the brain of naturally behaving songbirds and other avian species, hearing song, seeing visual stimuli, or performing motor behavior caused high dusp1 upregulation, respectively, in auditory, visual, and somatosensory input cell populations of the thalamus and thalamic-recipient sensory neurons of the telencephalic pallium, whereas high egr1 upregulation occurred only in subsequently connected secondary and tertiary sensory neuronal populations of these same pathways. Motor behavior did not induce high levels of dusp1 expression in the motor-associated areas adjacent to song nuclei, where egr1 is upregulated in response to movement. Our analysis of dusp1 expression in mouse brain suggests similar regulation in the sensory input neurons of the thalamus and thalamic-recipient layer IV and VI neurons of the cortex. These findings suggest that dusp1 has specialized regulation to sensory input neurons of the thalamus and telencephalon; they further suggest that this regulation may serve to attenuate stimulus-induced expression of egr1 and other IEGs, leading to unique molecular properties of forebrain sensory input neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Horita
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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DNA methylation in vulnerability to post-traumatic stress in rats: evidence for the role of the post-synaptic density protein Dlgap2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:347-59. [PMID: 19793403 DOI: 10.1017/s146114570999071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unique among psychiatric disorders since there is an explicit requirement for the presence of a well-defined precipitating environmental event. This suggests the participation of adaptable molecular processes such as epigenetic modifications, including acetylation and methylation of histones and DNA methylation. In the present study we investigated whether changes in DNA methylation are associated with the effects of traumatic stressor, using a validated PTSD rat model. Screening of genomic DNA methylation patterns revealed that maladaptation to traumatic stress is associated with numerous changes in the methylation pattern of rat hippocampus. Of the differentially methylated genes revealed by this global screening, Disks Large-Associated Protein (Dlgap2) was of special interest, demonstrating an increase in a specific methylation site which was associated with a reduction in its gene expression in PTSD-like compared to non-PTSD-like rats. The association between the methylation rate and Dlgap2 expression was further substantiated by re-dividing the rats according to their methylation state. A significantly higher expression was observed in the non-methylated compared to methylated rats. In addition, taking all rats as one group revealed a significant correlation between their behavioural stress responses and Dlgap2 transcript levels. These results suggest that alterations in global methylation pattern are involved in behavioural adaptation to environmental stress and pinpoint Dlgap2 as a possible target in PTSD.
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