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Kumar AJ, Helou AY, Petrucelli BA, Xavier GF, Martins DO, Chacur M, Nogueira MI. Sensorimotor development of male and female rats subjected to neonatal anoxia. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22291. [PMID: 36282766 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most important reasons for morbidity and mortality in term-born infants. HIE impacts early somatic, neurological, and motor development including social. To illustrate the damages in the sensorimotor system, an adapted and validated model of neonatal anoxia is used. This study evaluated the sex differences in Wistar rats, neurological reflex, and motor development at the suckling period. Short- and long-term impairments associated with sex differences were observed. In general, anoxic males were more affected in comparison to their control group and to anoxic females. Long-lasting effects of the injury in adolescent rats predominately affected males. Similar to previous studies, we also found a decrease in the number of the substantia nigra cells in both sexes, compared to their control. So far, the results indicate that HIE caused neurobehavioral alterations and asymmetrical motor behavior with brain damage, possibly related to cognitive impairments previously observed at adolescence. These alterations may represent a useful endpoint for studying the efficacy of potential strategies that may improve the developmental consequences of a perinatal asphyxia insult in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Jha Kumar
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ammir Yacoub Helou
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Arruda Petrucelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Martins
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Functional of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Functional of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Herrera MI, Udovin LD, Kobiec T, Toro-Urrego N, Kusnier CF, Kölliker-Frers RA, Luaces JP, Otero-Losada M, Capani F. Palmitoylethanolamide attenuates neurodevelopmental delay and early hippocampal damage following perinatal asphyxia in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:953157. [PMID: 36090655 PMCID: PMC9452789 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.953157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gas exchange close to labor causes perinatal asphyxia (PA), a neurodevelopmental impairment factor. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) proved neuroprotective in experimental brain injury and neurodegeneration models. This study aimed to evaluate PEA effects on the immature-brain, i.e., early neuroprotection by PEA in an experimental PA paradigm. Newborn rats were placed in a 37°C water bath for 19 min to induce PA. PEA 10 mg/kg, s.c., was administered within the first hour of life. Neurobehavioral responses were assessed from postnatal day 1 (P1) to postnatal day 21 (P21), recording the day of appearance of several reflexes and neurological signs. Hippocampal CA1 area ultrastructure was examined using electron microscopy. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), phosphorylated high and medium molecular weight neurofilaments (pNF H/M), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot at P21. Over the first 3 weeks of life, PA rats showed late gait, negative geotaxis and eye-opening onset, and delayed appearance of air-righting, auditory startle, sensory eyelid, forelimb placing, and grasp reflexes. On P21, the hippocampal CA1 area showed signs of neuronal degeneration and MAP-2 deficit. PEA treatment reduced PA-induced hippocampal damage and normalized the time of appearance of gait, air-righting, placing, and grasp reflexes. The outcome of this study might prove useful in designing intervention strategies to reduce early neurodevelopmental delay following PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas D. Udovin
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Kobiec
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Toro-Urrego
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos F. Kusnier
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo A. Kölliker-Frers
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Luaces
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Francisco Capani,
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Farfán N, Carril J, Redel M, Zamorano M, Araya M, Monzón E, Alvarado R, Contreras N, Tapia-Bustos A, Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Valdés JL, Israel Y, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Reduces Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death, Improving the Behavioral Outcome Following Perinatal Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207800. [PMID: 33096871 PMCID: PMC7589575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) is a leading cause of motor and neuropsychiatric disability associated with sustained oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death, affecting brain development. Based on a rat model of global PA, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of intranasally administered secretome, derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S), preconditioned with either deferoxamine (an hypoxia-mimetic) or TNF-α+IFN-γ (pro-inflammatory cytokines). PA was generated by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns in a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Thereafter, 16 μL of MSC-S (containing 6 μg of protein derived from 2 × 105 preconditioned-MSC), or vehicle, were intranasally administered 2 h after birth to asphyxia-exposed and control rats, evaluated at postnatal day (P) 7. Alternatively, pups received a dose of either preconditioned MSC-S or vehicle, both at 2 h and P7, and were evaluated at P14, P30, and P60. The preconditioned MSC-S treatment (i) reversed asphyxia-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus (oxidized/reduced glutathione); (ii) increased antioxidative Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) translocation; (iii) increased NQO1 antioxidant protein; (iv) reduced neuroinflammation (decreasing nuclearNF-κB/p65 levels and microglial reactivity); (v) decreased cleaved-caspase-3 cell-death; (vi) improved righting reflex, negative geotaxis, cliff aversion, locomotor activity, anxiety, motor coordination, and recognition memory. Overall, the study demonstrates that intranasal administration of preconditioned MSC-S is a novel therapeutic strategy that prevents the long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Farfán
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Jaime Carril
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Martina Redel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Marta Zamorano
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Maureen Araya
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Estephania Monzón
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Raúl Alvarado
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Norton Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - José Luis Valdés
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229786788
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Herrera MI, Kobiec T, Kölliker-Frers R, Otero-Losada M, Capani F. Synaptoprotection in Perinatal Asphyxia: An Experimental Approach. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:35. [PMID: 33071771 PMCID: PMC7539062 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is an obstetric complication occurring when the oxygen supply to the newborn is temporally interrupted. This health problem is associated with high morbimortality in term and preterm neonates. It severely affects the brain structure and function, involving cortical, hippocampal, and striatal loss of neurons. Nearly 25% of PA survivor newborns develop several neurodevelopmental disabilities. Behavioral alterations, as well as the morphological and biochemical pathways involved in PA pathophysiology, have been studied using an animal model that resembles intrauterine asphyxia. Experimental evidence shows that PA induces synaptic derangement. Then, synaptic dysfunction embodies a putative target for neuroprotective strategies. Over the last years, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the only treatment available, has shown positive results in the clinic. Several pharmacological agents are being tested in experimental or clinical trial studies to prevent synaptopathy. Preservation of the synaptic structure and function, i.e., “synaptoprotection,” makes up a promising challenge for reducing incidental neurodevelopmental disorders associated with PA. Accordingly, here, we summarize and review the findings obtained from the referred experimental model and propose a renewed overview in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Kobiec
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Kölliker-Frers
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Argentina John F. Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Dumont U, Sanchez S, Olivier B, Chateil JF, Deffieux D, Quideau S, Pellerin L, Beauvieux MC, Bouzier-Sore AK, Roumes H. Maternal alcoholism and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Neuroprotection by stilbenoid polyphenols. Brain Res 2020; 1738:146798. [PMID: 32229200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopment and neonatal neuroprotection is a research topic with increasing interest. Maternal diet can also have deleterious effects on fetal brain development. Fetal exposure to alcohol is responsible for poor neonatal global development, and may increase brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in newborns. Despite frequent prevention campaigns, about 10% of women in the general population drinks alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study was inspired by this alarming fact. Its aim was to evaluate the beneficial effects of maternal supplementation with two polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, on hypoxic-ischemic neonate rat brain damages, sensorimotor and cognitive impairments, in a context of moderate maternal alcoholism. Both stilbenoid polyphenols, trans-resveratrol (RSV - 0.15 mg/kg/day), and its hydroxylated analog, trans-piceatannol (PIC - 0.15 mg/kg/day), were administered in the drinking water, containing or not alcohol (0.5 g/kg/day). In a 7-day post-natal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), our data showed that moderate maternal alcoholism does not increase brain lesion volumes measured by MRI but leads to higher motor impairments. RSV supplementation could not reverse the deleterious effects of HI coupled with maternal alcoholism. However, PIC supplementation led to a recovery of all sensorimotor and cognitive functions. This neuroprotection was obtained with a dose of PIC corresponding to the consumption of a single passion fruit per day for a pregnant woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursule Dumont
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Benjamin Olivier
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-François Chateil
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | | | | | - Luc Pellerin
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Department of Physiology, 7 Rue du Bugnon, CH1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Roumes
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Alterations of hippocampal neurogenesis during development of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in OXYS rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:32-45. [PMID: 30415068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the key mechanism of neuronal plasticity in the adult mammalian brain. Alterations of neurogenesis happen concurrently with (and contribute to) development and progression of numerous neuropathological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Being the most common type of dementia, AD is studied extensively; however, the data concerning changes in neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of this disease are inconsistent. Here, using OXYS rats as a suitable model of the most common (sporadic) form of AD, we examined neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in early ontogenesis prior to appearance of any signs of neurodegeneration and during development and progression of AD-like pathology. We demonstrated retardation of hippocampal development in OXYS rats at an early age; this problem may contribute to the emergence of AD signs late in life. Manifestation and progression of AD-like pathology are accompanied by transcriptome changes affecting genes involved in neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These genes are associated with the extracellular matrix and angiogenesis; this observation points to alteration of a cellular microenvironment. This change along with an increased TrkA/p75NTR ratio of nerve growth factor receptors in the hippocampus may contribute to increased density of immature neurons that we observed at the progressive stage of AD-like pathology in OXYS rats. These changes may be considered a compensatory reaction intended to slow down AD-associated neurodegeneration at the progressive stage of the disease. Collectively, these data suggest that alterations of neurogenesis may not only accompany the course of Alzheimer's disease but also play a causative role in this disorder.
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Maternal diet of polyunsaturated fatty acid influence the physical and neurobehaviour of rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Driscoll DJO', Felice VD, Kenny LC, Boylan GB, O'Keeffe GW. Mild prenatal hypoxia-ischemia leads to social deficits and central and peripheral inflammation in exposed offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:418-427. [PMID: 29355822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from intrauterine or perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of long-term neonatal neurodisability. While most studies of long-term outcome have focused on moderate and severe HIE in term infants, recent work has shown that those with mild HIE may have subtle neurological impairments. However, the impact of mild HI on pre-term infants is much less clear given that pre-term birth is itself a risk factor for neurodisability. Here we show that mild HI insult alters behaviour, inflammation and the corticosterone stress response in a rat model of pre-term HIE. Mild HI exposure led to social deficits in exposed offspring at postnatal day 30, without impairments in the novel object recognition test nor in the open field test. This was also accompanied by elevations in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone indicating an exaggerated stress response. There were also elevations in il-1β and il-6 but not tnf-α mRNA and protein in the brain and blood samples. In summary we find that a mild HI exposure leads to social deficits, central and peripheral inflammation, and an abnormal corticosterone response which are three core features of autism spectrum disorder. This shows that mild HI exposure may be a risk factor for an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome in pre-term offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J O ' Driscoll
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Valeria D Felice
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
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9
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Sex differences in somatic and sensory motor development after neonatal anoxia in Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:242-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Neuronal Damage Induced by Perinatal Asphyxia Is Attenuated by Postinjury Glutaredoxin-2 Administration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4162465. [PMID: 28706574 PMCID: PMC5494587 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The general disruption of redox signaling following an ischemia-reperfusion episode has been proposed as a crucial component in neuronal death and consequently brain damage. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins control redox reactions and ensure protein regulation via specific, oxidative posttranslational modifications as part of cellular signaling processes. Trx proteins function in the manifestation, progression, and recovery following hypoxic/ischemic damage. Here, we analyzed the neuroprotective effects of postinjury, exogenous administration of Grx2 and Trx1 in a neonatal hypoxia/ischemia model. P7 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right common carotid ligation or sham surgery, followed by an exposure to nitrogen. 1 h later, animals were injected i.p. with saline solution, 10 mg/kg recombinant Grx2 or Trx1, and euthanized 72 h postinjury. Results showed that Grx2 administration, and to some extent Trx1, attenuated part of the neuronal damage associated with a perinatal hypoxic/ischemic damage, such as glutamate excitotoxicity, axonal integrity, and astrogliosis. Moreover, these treatments also prevented some of the consequences of the induced neural injury, such as the delay of neurobehavioral development. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating neuroprotective effects of recombinant Trx proteins on the outcome of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia, implying clinical potential as neuroprotective agents that might counteract neonatal hypoxia/ischemia injury.
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Farkas J, Sandor B, Tamas A, Kiss P, Hashimoto H, Nagy AD, Fulop BD, Juhasz T, Manavalan S, Reglodi D. Early Neurobehavioral Development of Mice Lacking Endogenous PACAP. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:468-478. [PMID: 28168413 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide. In addition to its diverse physiological roles, PACAP has important functions in the embryonic development of various tissues, and it is also considered as a trophic factor during development and in the case of neuronal injuries. Data suggest that the development of the nervous system is severely affected by the lack of endogenous PACAP. Short-term neurofunctional outcome correlates with long-term functional deficits; however, the early neurobehavioral development of PACAP-deficient mice has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the postnatal development of physical signs and neurological reflexes in mice partially or completely lacking PACAP. We examined developmental hallmarks during the first 3 weeks of the postnatal period, during which period most neurological reflexes and motor coordination show most intensive development, and we describe the neurobehavioral development using a complex battery of tests. In the present study, we found that PACAP-deficient mice had slower weight gain throughout the observation period. Interestingly, mice partially lacking PACAP weighed significantly less than homozygous mice. There was no difference between male and female mice during the first 3 weeks. Some other signs were also more severely affected in the heterozygous mice than in the homozygous mice, such as air righting, grasp, and gait initiation reflexes. Interestingly, incisor teeth erupted earlier in mice lacking PACAP. Motor coordination, shown by the number of foot-faults on an elevated grid, was also less developed in PACAP-deficient mice. In summary, our results show that mice lacking endogenous PACAP have slower weight gain during the first weeks of development and slower neurobehavioral development regarding a few developmental hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sandor
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andras D Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs D Fulop
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Juhasz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sridharan Manavalan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Florida, USA
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
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12
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Barkhuizen M, van den Hove DLA, Vles JSH, Steinbusch HWM, Kramer BW, Gavilanes AWD. 25 years of research on global asphyxia in the immature rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:166-182. [PMID: 28161509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a common cause of brain damage in neonates. Preterm infants have additional complications, as prematurity by itself increases the risk of encephalopathy. Currently, therapy for this subset of asphyxiated infants is limited to supportive care. There is an urgent need for therapies in preterm infants - and for representative animal models for preclinical drug development. In 1991, a novel rodent model of global asphyxia in the preterm infant was developed in Sweden. This method was based on the induction of asphyxia during the birth processes itself by submerging pups, still in the uterine horns, in a water bath followed by C-section. This insult occurs at a time-point when the rodent brain maturity resembles the brain of a 22-32 week old human fetus. This model has developed over the past 25 years as an established model of perinatal global asphyxia in the early preterm brain. Here we summarize the knowledge gained on the short- and long-term neuropathological and behavioral effects of asphyxia on the immature central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barkhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - D L A van den Hove
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J S H Vles
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Child Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Sodium Butyrate, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Exhibits Neuroprotective/Neurogenic Effects in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5300-5318. [PMID: 27578020 PMCID: PMC5533826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury still remains an important issue as it is a major cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunctions. Currently, there are no well-established treatments to reduce brain damage and its long-term sequel in infants. Recently, reported data show that histone deacetylase inhibitors provide neuroprotection in adult stroke models. However, the proof of their relevance in vivo after neonatal HI brain injury remains particularly limited. In the present study, we show neuroprotective/neurogenic effect of sodium butyrate (SB), one of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), in the dentate gyrus of HI-injured immature rats. Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats underwent left carotid artery ligation followed by 7.6 % O2 exposure for 1 h. SB (300 mg/kg) was administered in a 5-day regime with the first injection given immediately after the onset of HI. The damage of the ipsilateral hemisphere was evaluated by weight deficit. Newly produced cells were labeled with BrdU, at 50 mg/kg, injected twice daily for 3 consecutive days. Subsequent differentiation of the newborn cells was investigated 2 and 4 weeks after the insult by immunohistochemistry using neuronal and glial cell-lineage markers and BrdU incorporation. Finally, we performed several behavioral tests to evaluate functional outcome. In summary, SB led to a remarkable reduction of the brain damage caused by HI. Moreover, the application of this HDACi protected against HI-induced loss of neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, as well as against neuroinflammation. The observed neuroprotective action suggests that SB may serve as a potential candidate for future treatment of HI-evoked injury in neonates.
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Perinatal Positive and Negative Influences on the Early Neurobehavioral Reflex and Motor Development. PERINATAL PROGRAMMING OF NEURODEVELOPMENT 2015; 10:149-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Role of early life exposure and environment on neurodegeneration: implications on brain disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2014; 3:9. [PMID: 24847438 PMCID: PMC4028099 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and retinal degeneration have been studied extensively and varying molecular mechanisms have been proposed for onset of such diseases. Although genetic analysis of these diseases has also been described, yet the mechanisms governing the extent of vulnerability to such diseases remains unresolved. Recent studies have, therefore, focused on the role of environmental exposure in progression of such diseases especially in the context of prenatal and postnatal life, explaining how molecular mechanisms mediate epigenetic changes leading to degenerative diseases. This review summarizes both the animal and human studies describing various environmental stimuli to which an individual or an animal is exposed during in-utero and postnatal period and mechanisms that promote neurodegeneration. The SNPs mediating gene environment interaction are also described. Further, preventive and therapeutic strategies are suggested for effective intervention.
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Environmental enrichment decreases asphyxia-induced neurobehavioral developmental delay in neonatal rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22258-73. [PMID: 24232451 PMCID: PMC3856064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia during delivery produces long-term disability and represents a major problem in neonatal and pediatric care. Numerous neuroprotective approaches have been described to decrease the effects of perinatal asphyxia. Enriched environment is a popular strategy to counteract nervous system injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether enriched environment is able to decrease the asphyxia-induced neurobehavioral developmental delay in neonatal rats. Asphyxia was induced in ready-to-deliver mothers by removing the pups by caesarian section after 15 min of asphyxia. Somatic and neurobehavioral development was tested daily and motor coordination weekly. Our results show that rats undergoing perinatal asphyxia had a marked developmental delay and worse performance in motor coordination tests. However, pups kept in enriched environment showed a decrease in the developmental delay observed in control asphyctic pups. Rats growing up in enriched environment did not show decrease in weight gain after the first week and the delay in reflex appearance was not as marked as in control rats. In addition, the development of motor coordination was not as strikingly delayed as in the control group. Short-term neurofunctional outcome are known to correlate with long-term deficits. Our results thus show that enriched environment could be a powerful strategy to decrease the deleterious developmental effects of perinatal asphyxia.
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Horvath G, Reglodi D, Vadasz G, Farkas J, Kiss P. Exposure to enriched environment decreases neurobehavioral deficits induced by neonatal glutamate toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19054-66. [PMID: 24065102 PMCID: PMC3794820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is a popular strategy to enhance motor and cognitive performance and to counteract the effects of various harmful stimuli. The protective effects of enriched environment have been shown in traumatic, ischemic and toxic nervous system lesions. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commonly used taste enhancer causing excitotoxic effects when given in newborn animals. We have previously demonstrated that MSG leads to a delay in neurobehavioral development, as shown by the delayed appearance of neurological reflexes and maturation of motor coordination. In the present study we aimed at investigating whether environmental enrichment is able to decrease the neurobehavioral delay caused by neonatal MSG treatment. Newborn pups were treated with MSG subcutaneously on postnatal days 1, 5 and 9. For environmental enrichment, we placed rats in larger cages, supplemented with different toys that were altered daily. Normal control and enriched control rats received saline treatment only. Physical parameters such as weight, day of eye opening, incisor eruption and ear unfolding were recorded. Animals were observed for appearance of reflexes such as negative geotaxis, righting reflexes, fore- and hindlimb grasp, fore- and hindlimb placing, sensory reflexes and gait. In cases of negative geotaxis, surface righting and gait, the time to perform the reflex was also recorded daily. For examining motor coordination, we performed grid walking, footfault, rope suspension, rota-rod, inclined board and walk initiation tests. We found that enriched environment alone did not lead to marked alterations in the course of development. On the other hand, MSG treatment caused a slight delay in reflex development and a pronounced delay in weight gain and motor coordination maturation. This delay in most signs and tests could be reversed by enriched environment: MSG-treated pups kept under enriched conditions showed no weight retardation, no reflex delay in some signs and performed better in most coordination tests. These results show that environmental enrichment is able to decrease the neurobehavioral delay caused by neonatal excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Horvath
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA Lendulet PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pécs 7624, Hungary.
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Aleman M, Pickles KJ, Conley AJ, Stanley S, Haggett E, Toth B, Madigan JE. Abnormal plasma neuroactive progestagen derivatives in ill, neonatal foals presented to the neonatal intensive care unit. Equine Vet J 2013; 45:661-5. [PMID: 23600660 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY Increased levels of pregnanes have been reported in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). These steroids may cross the blood-brain barrier and have depressive effects in the central nervous system leading to behavioural abnormalities and altered states of consciousness in affected foals. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the pregnane profile of foals with NMS and compare it with that of healthy controls and sick, non-NMS foals. STUDY DESIGN Prospective-clinical study. METHODS Thirty-two foals with a clinical diagnosis of NMS, 12 foals with other neonatal disorders and 10 healthy control foals were selected for the study. Heparinised blood samples were collected from each group of foals and pregnane and androgen concentrations determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry at 0, 24 and 48 h of age. RESULTS Healthy foals showed a significant decrease in pregnane concentrations over the first 48 h of life (P<0.01). Foals with NMS and sick, non-NMS foals had significantly increased progesterone, pregnenolone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and epitestosterone concentrations compared with healthy foals (P<0.05). Progesterone and pregnenolone concentrations of sick, non-NMS foals decreased significantly over 48 h (P<0.05), whereas concentrations in NMS foals remained increased. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Pregnane concentrations of ill, neonatal foals remain increased following birth, reflecting a delayed, or interrupted, transition from intra- to extra-uterine life. Serial progesterone and pregnenolone measurement may be useful in aiding diagnosis of NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, USA
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19
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Karalis F, Soubasi V, Georgiou T, Nakas CT, Simeonidou C, Guiba-Tziampiri O, Spandou E. Resveratrol ameliorates hypoxia/ischemia-induced behavioral deficits and brain injury in the neonatal rat brain. Brain Res 2011; 1425:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Atlasz T, Szabadfi K, Kiss P, Marton Z, Griecs M, Hamza L, Gaal V, Biro Z, Tamas A, Hild G, Nyitrai M, Toth G, Reglodi D, Gabriel R. Effects of PACAP in UV-A radiation-induced retinal degeneration models in rats. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:51-7. [PMID: 20521124 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The retina is constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light with different wavelengths, which may lead to chronic UV-induced retinal injury. In our previous studies, we have shown the protective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in toxic and ischemic retinal injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PACAP in UV-A-induced retinal lesion. We used diffuse UV-A radiation (315-400 nm) to induce acute retinal damage over a short period of exposure. Using standard histological (morphological and morphometrical) analysis, we assessed the actions of intravitreal PACAP (100 pmol/5 µl) treatment on acute UV-A-induced retinal damage. We measured the thickness of nuclear and plexiform layers as well as the number of cells in the outer nuclear and inner nuclear layers and in the ganglion cell layer. Outer limiting membrane-inner limiting membrane distances in the cross-section of the retina were also examined. Our results show that UV-A light-induced retinal damage led to severe degeneration in the photoreceptor layer, and in the outer and inner nuclear layers. Alteration in the plexiform layers was also observed. We found that post-irradiation PACAP treatment significantly attenuated the UV-A-induced retinal damage. Our results provide the basis for future clinical application of PACAP treatment in retinal degeneration and may have clinical implications in several ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Atlasz
- Department of Sportbiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Strackx E, Van den Hove DL, Prickaerts J, Zimmermann L, Steinbusch HW, Blanco CE, Danilo Gavilanes A, Vles JH. Fetal asphyctic preconditioning protects against perinatal asphyxia-induced behavioral consequences in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2010; 208:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rey-Funes M, Ibarra ME, Dorfman VB, López EM, López-Costa JJ, Coirini H, Loidl CF. Hypothermia prevents the development of ischemic proliferative retinopathy induced by severe perinatal asphyxia. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Morales P, Simola N, Bustamante D, Lisboa F, Fiedler J, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Morelli M, Tasker RA, Herrera-Marschitz M. Nicotinamide prevents the long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia on apoptosis, non-spatial working memory and anxiety in rats. Exp Brain Res 2009; 202:1-14. [PMID: 20012537 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-2103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is no established treatment for the long-term effects produced by perinatal asphyxia. Thus, we investigated the neuroprotection provided by nicotinamide against the effects elicited by perinatal asphyxia on hippocampus and behaviour observed at 30-90 days of age. Asphyxia was induced by immersing foetuses-containing uterine horns, removed from ready-to-deliver rats into a water bath at 37 degrees C for 20 min. Caesarean-delivered siblings were used as controls. Saline or nicotinamide (0.8 mmol/kg, i.p.) was administered to control and asphyxia-exposed animals 24, 48, and 72 h after birth. The animals were examined for morphological changes in hippocampus, focusing on delayed cell death and mossy fibre sprouting, and behaviour, focusing on cognitive behaviour and anxiety. At the age of 30-45 days, asphyxia-exposed rats displayed (1) increased apoptosis, assessed in whole hippocampus by nuclear Hoechst staining, and (2) increased mossy fibre sprouting, restricted to the stratum oriens of dorsal hippocampus, assessed by Timm's staining. Rats from the same cohorts displayed (3) deficits in non-spatial working memory, assessed by a novel object recognition task, and (4) increased anxiety, assessed by an elevated plus-maze test when examined at the age of 90 days. Nicotinamide prevented the effects elicited by perinatal asphyxia on apoptosis, working memory, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70,000, Santiago 7, Chile.
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Farkas J, Reglodi D, Gaszner B, Szogyi D, Horvath G, Lubics A, Tamas A, Frank F, Besirevic D, Kiss P. Effects of maternal separation on the neurobehavioral development of newborn Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:208-14. [PMID: 19150489 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of neonatal stress, like maternal separation, may provide important correlation with human stress-related disorders. Early maternal deprivation has been shown to cause several short- and long-term neurochemical and behavioral deficits. Little is known about the early neurobehavioral development after postnatal stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of reflexes and motor coordination in male and female pups subjected to maternal deprivation. Pups were removed from their mothers from postnatal day 1-14, for 3h daily. Somatic development (weight gain, eye opening, ear unfolding, incisor eruption) and reflex development was tested during the first 3 weeks. The appearance of the following reflexes was investigated: crossed extensor, grasping, placing, gait, righting and sensory reflexes, and negative geotaxis. Timely performance of negative geotaxis, righting and gait were also tested daily during the first 3 weeks. Motor coordination and open-field tests were performed on postnatal weeks 3-5 (rotarod, elevated grid-walk, footfault, rope suspension, inclined board and walk initiation tests). The results revealed that a 3-h-long daily maternal separation did not lead to a marked delay or enhancement in reflex development and motor coordination. A subtle enhancement was observed in the appearance of hindlimb grasp and gait reflexes, and a better performance in footfault test in male rats suffering from maternal deprivation. In contrast, female maternally deprived (MD) rats displayed a slight delay in forelimb grasp and air righting reflex appearance, and surface righting performance. Open-field activity was not changed in maternally deprived rats. In summary, our present observations indicate that maternal deprivation does not induce drastic changes in early neurodevelopment, therefore, further research is needed to determine the onset of behavioral alterations in subject with maternal deprivation history. Gender differences described in this study could help to understand how gender-specific differences in early life experience-induced stress-related disorders appear in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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