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Au NPB, Kumar G, Asthana P, Gao F, Kawaguchi R, Chang RCC, So KF, Hu Y, Geschwind DH, Coppola G, Ma CHE. Clinically relevant small-molecule promotes nerve repair and visual function recovery. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:50. [PMID: 36182946 PMCID: PMC9526721 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian injured axons regenerate over short-distance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) while the axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are unable to regrow after injury. Here, we demonstrated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), purified from Wolfberry, accelerated long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and optic nerve crush (ONC). LBP not only promoted intrinsic growth capacity of injured neurons and function recovery after severe PNI, but also induced robust retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axon regeneration after ONC. By using LBP gene expression profile signatures to query a Connectivity map database, we identified a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small-molecule glycopyrrolate, which promoted PNS axon regeneration, RGC survival and sustained CNS axon regeneration, increased neural firing in the superior colliculus, and enhanced visual target re-innervations by regenerating RGC axons leading to a partial restoration of visual function after ONC. Our study provides insights into repurposing of FDA-approved small molecule for nerve repair and function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pallavi Asthana
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fuying Gao
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok Fai So
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Interaction of Nerve Growth Factor β with Adiponectin and SPARC Oppositely Modulates its Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071541. [PMID: 30934765 PMCID: PMC6479836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both adiponectin and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-induced angiogenic activities through direct and indirect interactions. Although SPARC enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent neurogenesis, the physical interaction of NGFβ with adiponectin and SPARC remains obscure. Therefore, we first examined their intermolecular interaction by surface plasmon resonance method. NGFβ bound to immobilized SPARC with the binding constant of 59.4 nM, comparable with that of PDGF-BB (24.5 nM) but far less than that of FGF2 (14.4 µM). NGFβ bound to immobilized full length adiponectin with the binding constant of 103 nM, slightly higher than those of PDGF-BB (24.3 nM) and FGF2 (80.2 nM), respectively. Treatment of PC12 cells with SPARC did not cause mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and neurite outgrowth. However, simultaneous addition of SPARC with NGFβ enhanced NGFβ-induced MAPK phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth. Treatment of the cells with adiponectin increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation but failed to induce neurite outgrowth. Simultaneous treatment with NGFβ and adiponectin significantly reduced cell size and the number of cells with neurite, even after silencing the adiponectin receptors by their siRNA. These results indicate that NGFβ directly interacts with adiponectin and SPARC, whereas these interactions oppositely regulate NGFβ functions.
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Baud A, Little D, Wen TQ, Heywood WE, Gissen P, Mills K. An Optimized Method for the Proteomic Analysis of Low Volumes of Cell Culture Media and the Secretome: The Application and the Demonstration of Altered Protein Expression in iPSC-Derived Neuronal Cell Lines from Parkinson's Disease Patients. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1198-1207. [PMID: 30562036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, cell culture medium in iPSC-derived cell work is not the main focus of the research and often is considered as just "food for cells". We demonstrate that by manipulation of the media and optimized methodology, it is possible to use this solution to study the proteins that the cell secretes (the "secretome"). This is particularly useful in the study of iPSC-derived neurons, which require long culture time. We demonstrate that media can be used to model diseases with optimized incubation and sampling times. The ability not to sacrifice cells allows significant cost and research benefits. In this manuscript we describe an optimized method for the analysis of the cell media from iPSC-derived neuronal lines from control and Parkinson's disease patients. We have evaluated the use of standard and supplement B27-free cell media as well as five different sample preparation techniques for proteomic analysis of the cell secretome. Mass spectral analysis of culture media allowed for the identification of >500 proteins, in 500 μL of media, which is less volume than reported previously (20-40 mL). Using shorter incubation times and our optimized methodology, we describe the use of this technique to study and describe potential disease mechanisms in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baud
- Centre for Translational Omics , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , WC1N 1EH , U.K
| | - Daniel Little
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology , University College London , London , WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Teo Qi Wen
- Centre for Translational Omics , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , WC1N 1EH , U.K
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Centre for Translational Omics , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , WC1N 1EH , U.K
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology , University College London , London , WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Kevin Mills
- Centre for Translational Omics , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , WC1N 1EH , U.K
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Brick RM, Sun AX, Tuan RS. Neurotrophically Induced Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Enhance Neuritogenesis via Neurotrophin and Cytokine Production. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:45-58. [PMID: 29215199 PMCID: PMC5746147 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to produce a number of bioactive factors, including neurotrophic growth factors, capable of supporting and improving nerve regeneration. However, with a finite culture expansion capacity, MSCs are inherently limited in their lifespan and use. We examined here the potential utility of an alternative, mesenchymal‐like cell source, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, termed induced mesenchymal progenitor cells (MiMPCs). We found that several genes were upregulated and proteins were produced in MiMPCs that matched those previously reported for MSCs. Like MSCs, the MiMPCs secreted various neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), osteopontin, and osteonectin, and promoted neurite outgrowth in chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures compared with control cultures. Cotreatment with a pharmacological Trk‐receptor inhibitor did not result in significant decrease in MiMPC‐induced neurite outgrowth, which was however inhibited upon Jak/STAT3 blockade. These findings suggest that the MiMPC induction of DRG neurite outgrowth is unlikely to be solely dependent on BDNF, but instead Jak/STAT3 activation by IL‐6 and/or LIF is likely to be critical neurotrophic signaling pathways of the MiMPC secretome. Taken together, these findings suggest MiMPCs as a renewable, candidate source of therapeutic cells and a potential alternative to MSCs for peripheral nerve repair, in view of their ability to promote nerve growth by producing many of the same growth factors and cytokines as Schwann cells and signaling through critical neurotrophic pathways. stemcellstranslational Medicine2018;7:45–58
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Brick
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron X Sun
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pita-Thomas W, Barroso-García G, Moral V, Hackett AR, Cavalli V, Nieto-Diaz M. Identification of axon growth promoters in the secretome of the deer antler velvet. Neuroscience 2017; 340:333-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schira J, Falkenberg H, Hendricks M, Waldera-Lupa DM, Kögler G, Meyer HE, Müller HW, Stühler K. Characterization of Regenerative Phenotype of Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells (USSC) from Human Umbilical Cord Blood (hUCB) by Functional Secretome Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2630-43. [PMID: 26183719 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) isolated from human umbilical cord blood is an attractive stem cell population available at GMP grade without any ethical concerns. It has been shown that USSC transplantation into acute injured rat spinal cords leads to axonal regrowth and significant locomotor recovery, yet lacking cell replacement. Instead, USSC secrete trophic factors enhancing neurite growth of primary cortical neurons in vitro. Here, we applied a functional secretome approach characterizing proteins secreted by USSC for the first time and validated candidate neurite growth promoting factors using primary cortical neurons in vitro. By mass spectrometric analysis and exhaustive bioinformatic interrogation we identified 1156 proteins representing the secretome of USSC. Using Gene Ontology we revealed that USSC secretome contains proteins involved in a number of relevant biological processes of nerve regeneration such as cell adhesion, cell motion, blood vessel formation, cytoskeleton organization and extracellular matrix organization. We found for instance that 31 well-known neurite growth promoting factors like, e.g. neuronal growth regulator 1, NDNF, SPARC, and PEDF span the whole abundance range of USSC secretome. By the means of primary cortical neurons in vitro assays we verified SPARC and PEDF as significantly involved in USSC mediated neurite growth and therewith underline their role in improved locomotor recovery after transplantation. From our data we are convinced that USSC are a valuable tool in regenerative medicine as USSC's secretome contains a comprehensive network of trophic factors supporting nerve regeneration not only by a single process but also maintained its regenerative phenotype by a multitude of relevant biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira
- From the ‡Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; §Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Centre Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Falkenberg
- From the ‡Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Hendricks
- §Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Centre Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel M Waldera-Lupa
- From the ‡Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- ¶Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut E Meyer
- ‖Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Müller
- §Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Centre Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; **Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- From the ‡Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; **Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Lorber B, Chew DJ, Hauck SM, Chong RS, Fawcett JW, Martin KR. Retinal glia promote dorsal root ganglion axon regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115996. [PMID: 25816134 PMCID: PMC4376801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is limited by several factors including a lack of neurotrophic support. Recent studies have shown that glia from the adult rat CNS, specifically retinal astrocytes and Müller glia, can promote regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons. In the present study we investigated whether retinal glia also exert a growth promoting effect outside the visual system. We found that retinal glial conditioned medium significantly enhanced neurite growth and branching of adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) in culture. Furthermore, transplantation of retinal glia significantly enhanced regeneration of DRG axons past the dorsal root entry zone after root crush in adult rats. To identify the factors that mediate the growth promoting effects of retinal glia, mass spectrometric analysis of retinal glial conditioned medium was performed. Apolipoprotein E and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) were found to be present in high abundance, a finding further confirmed by western blotting. Inhibition of Apolipoprotein E and SPARC significantly reduced the neuritogenic effects of retinal glial conditioned medium on DRG in culture, suggesting that Apolipoprotein E and SPARC are the major mediators of this regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lorber
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Chew
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rachel S. Chong
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Hensel N, Stockbrügger I, Rademacher S, Broughton N, Brinkmann H, Grothe C, Claus P. Bilateral crosstalk of rho- and extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK) pathways is confined to an unidirectional mode in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Cell Signal 2013; 26:540-8. [PMID: 24316236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rho-kinase (ROCK) as well as extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) control actin cytoskeletal organization thereby regulating dynamic changes of cellular morphology. In neurons, motility processes such as axonal guidance and neurite outgrowth demand a fine regulation of upstream pathways. Here we demonstrate a bilateral ROCK-ERK information flow in neurons. This process is shifted towards an unidirectional crosstalk in a model of the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), ultimately leading to neurite outgrowth dysregulations. As both pathways are of therapeutic relevance for SMA, our results argue for a combinatorial ROCK/ERK-targeting as a future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Stockbrügger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natasha Broughton
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany; Niedersachsen Research Network on Neuroinfection (N-RENNT), Germany.
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9
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Takeuchi A, Shimba K, Mori M, Takayama Y, Moriguchi H, Kotani K, Lee JK, Noshiro M, Jimbo Y. Sympathetic neurons modulate the beat rate of pluripotent cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 4:1532-9. [PMID: 23080484 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have great potential for the therapy of heart failure, it is unclear whether their function after grafting can be controlled by the host sympathetic nervous system, a component of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Here we demonstrate the formation of functional connections between rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and pluripotent (P19.CL6) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (P19CMs) in compartmentalized co-culture, achieved using photolithographic microfabrication techniques. Formation of synapses between sympathetic neurons and P19CMs was confirmed by immunostaining with antibodies against β-3 tubulin, synapsin I and cardiac troponin-I. Changes in the beat rate of P19CMs were triggered after electrical stimulation of the co-cultured SCG neurons, and were affected by the pulse frequency of the electrical stimulation. Such changes in the beat rate were prevented when propranolol, a β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, was added to the culture medium. These results suggest that the beat rate of differentiated cardiomyocytes can be modulated by electrical stimulation of connected sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Kunze A, Valero A, Zosso D, Renaud P. Synergistic NGF/B27 gradients position synapses heterogeneously in 3D micropatterned neural cultures. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26187. [PMID: 22022558 PMCID: PMC3192785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native functional brain circuits show different numbers of synapses (synaptic densities) in the cerebral cortex. Until now, different synaptic densities could not be studied in vitro using current cell culture methods for primary neurons. Herein, we present a novel microfluidic based cell culture method that combines 3D micropatterning of hydrogel layers with linear chemical gradient formation. Micropatterned hydrogels were used to encapsulate dissociated cortical neurons in laminar cell layers and neurotrophic factors NGF and B27 were added to influence the formation of synapses. Neurotrophic gradients allowed for the positioning of distinguishable synaptic densities throughout a 3D micropatterned neural culture. NGF and B27 gradients were maintained in the microfluidic device for over two weeks without perfusion pumps by utilizing a refilling procedure. Spatial distribution of synapses was examined with a pre-synaptic marker to determine synaptic densities. From our experiments, we observed that (1) cortical neurons responded only to synergistic NGF/B27 gradients, (2) synaptic density increased proportionally to synergistic NGF/B27 gradients; (3) homogeneous distribution of B27 disturbed cortical neurons in sensing NGF gradients and (4) the cell layer position significantly impacted spatial distribution of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kunze
- Microsystems Laboratory (LMIS4), Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Li M, Zhang SZ, Guo YW, Cai YQ, Yan ZJ, Zou Z, Jiang XD, Ke YQ, He XY, Jin ZL, Lu GH, Su DQ. Human umbilical vein-derived dopaminergic-like cell transplantation with nerve growth factor ameliorates motor dysfunction in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1522-9. [PMID: 20658188 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of differentiating into dopaminergic-like cells, but currently no report has been available to describe the induction of human umbilical vein mesenchymal stem cells (HUVMSCs) into dopaminergic-like cells. In this study, we induced HUVMSCs in vitro into neurospheres constituted by neural stem-like cells, and further into cells bearing strong morphological, phenotypic and functional resemblances with dopaminergic-like cells. These HUVMSC-derived dopaminergic-like cells, after grafting into the brain of a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD), showed a partial therapeutic effect in terms of the behavioral improvement. Nerve growth factor was reported to improve the local microenvironment of the grafted cells, and we therefore further tested the effect of dopaminergic-like cell grafting combined with nerve growth factor (NGF) administration at the site of cell transplantation. The results showed that NGF administration significantly promoted the survival of the grafted cells in the host brain and enhanced the content of dopaminergic in the local brain tissue. Behavioral test demonstrated a significant improvement of the motor function of the PD rats after dopaminergic-like cell grafting with NGF administration as compared with that of rats receiving the cell grafting only. These results suggest that transplantation of the dopaminergic-like cells combined with NGF administration may represent a new strategy of stem cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Ma CHE, Bampton ETW, Evans MJ, Taylor JSH. Synergistic effects of osteonectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on axotomized retinal ganglion cells neurite outgrowth via the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. Neuroscience 2010; 165:463-74. [PMID: 19837135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study identified osteonectin (ON) in a screen of factors made by Schwann cells (SCs) which promoted peripheral and central neurons survival and neuritogenesis, however, the mechanisms of ON promoting effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ON-deficient SC-conditioned medium (SCCM) and molecular mechanisms of ON, in regulating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival and neurite outgrowth. Neonatal rat RGCs and SCs were purified by immunopanning technique. RGC survival and neuritogenesis reduced significantly when treated with either ON-null mice SCCM or ON-immunodepleted (IP) SCCM (P<0.05). In contrast to wild type SCCM, in the presence of a tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) inhibitor (K252a), ON-null mice SCCM-induced neuritogenesis were further reduced by 24%. The Trk-mediated signaling pathways became more sensitive to K252a inhibition in the absence of ON. We also showed the synergistic effects of ON and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in promoting RGCs growth and the involvement of ON in two major neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways, PI-3K-Akt and MAPK-Erk1/2. ON alone activated Akt phosphorylation and increased survival. Blockage of TrkB signalling pathway by TrkB-Fc chimera (BDNF scavenger) or K252a in ON-treated cultures reduced Akt-P level significantly. This suggests that ON induces BDNF synthesis and secretion from RGCs. The enhancement of neuritogenesis and Erk1/2 phosphorylation by ON in BDNF-treated cultures further demonstrate the signaling pathways responsible for the synergistic effect of ON on BDNF-induced neurite outgrowth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the synergistic effects of ON on classical neurotrophins which participate in the same signalling pathways in regulating RGC neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H E Ma
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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