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Yang L, Qi G, Rao W, Cen Y, Chen L, Li W, Pang Y. Aluminum causes irreversible damage to the development of hippocampal neurons by regulating m6A RNA methylation. Toxicol Lett 2024; 399:34-42. [PMID: 39009234 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of the aluminum (Al) on neurotoxicity remains unclear. We explored whether the impairment of hippocampal neurons induced by developmental Al exposure was associated with the m6A RNA modification in mice. In this study, the pregnant female mice were administered 4 mg/mL aluminum-lactate from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. On PND 21, 10 offsprings per group were euthanized by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta after deep anesthetization. The other offsprings which treated with aluminum-lactate on maternal generation were divided into two groups and given 0 (PND60a) and 4 mg/mL (PND60b) aluminum-lactate in their drinking water until PND 60. Significant neuronal injuries of hippocampus as well as a reduction in the m6A RNA modification and the expression of methylase were observed at PND 21 and PND 60a mice. The results indicated that Al-induced developmental neurotoxicity could persist into adulthood despite no sustained Al accumulation. m6A RNA modification had a crucial role in developmental neurotoxicity induced by Al. In addition, Al exposure during the embryonic to adult stages can cause more severe nerve damage and decline of m6A RNA modification. Collectively, these results suggest that the mechanism underlying Al-induced neurotoxicity appears to involve m6A RNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- College of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Guangzi Qi
- College of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China; Key Laboratory of Research on Environment and Population Health in aluminium mining areas (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China
| | - Wenlian Rao
- College of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Yufang Cen
- College of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yaqin Pang
- College of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China; Key Laboratory of Research on Environment and Population Health in aluminium mining areas (Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, China.
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2
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Saxena B, Parmar P, Chauhan H, Singh P, Datusalia AK, Vyas VK, Tripathi N, Shah J. Neuroprotective effect of taxifolin against aluminum chloride-induced dementia and pathological alterations in the brain of rats: possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:703-716. [PMID: 38465425 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2329653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) overexposure damages various organ systems, especially the nervous system. Regularly administered aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to rats causes dementia and pathophysiological alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taxifolin's neuroprotective effects against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo studies were studied. Taxifolin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM) was tested against AlCl3 (5 mM)-induced neurotoxicity in C6 and SH-SY5Y cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Additionally, neural morphology was examined by confocal microscopy. Additionally, taxifolin's mode of binding with the co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), human myeloid differentiation-2 (hMD-2) was investigated. AlCl3 (25 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was administered to rats for 14 d, and from the eighth day, taxifolin (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was given along with AlCl3. This study assessed memory impairment using the Morris water maze, plus maze, and pole tests. This study also performed measurement of oxidant (malondialdehyde [MDA] and nitrite), antioxidant (reduced glutathione), and inflammatory (myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity, TLR4 expression) parameters in rats' brain in addition to histopathology. The docking score for taxifolin with hMD-2 was found to be -4.38 kcal/mol. Taxifolin treatment reduced the neurotoxicity brought on by AlCl3 in both C6 and SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with 10 μM taxifolin restored AlCl3-induced altered cell morphology. AlCl3 administration caused memory loss, oxidative stress, inflammation (increased MPO activity and TLR4 expression), and brain atrophy. Taxifolin treatment significantly improved the AlCl3-induced memory impairment. Taxifolin treatment also mitigated the histopathological and neurochemical consequences of repeated AlCl3 administration in rats. Thus, taxifolin may protect the brain against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pragnesh Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Heena Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nagja Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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3
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Pan B, Kong F, Ju X, Song J, Wang L, Niu Q, Lu X. Molecular mechanism of the carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein in TAU hyperphosphorylation induced by AlCl 3 in N2a cells. Toxicology 2023; 495:153610. [PMID: 37541565 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is recognized as a neurotoxin. Studies have confirmed that the neurotoxicity induced by Al may be related to tau hyperphosphorylation. Phosphorylated tau is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), in which the carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) plays an important role. However, whether the CHIP plays a role in regulating tau hyperphosphorylation induced by Al is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of the CHIP in tau hyperphosphorylation induced by AlCl3 in N2a cells. Mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) were exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and treated with CHIP/CHIP shRNA/CHIP (ΔU-box)/CHIP (ΔTPR) plasmid transfection. The cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 kit. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. The interaction between CHIP and AlCl3 exposure on the proteins was analyzed by factorial design ANOVA. The results showed that Al can cause tau hyperphosphorylation, mainly affecting the pThr231, pSer262, and pSer396 sites of tau in N2a cells. UPP is involved in the degradation of tau hyperphosphorylation induced by Al in N2a cells, of which CHIP may be the main regulatory target. Both the U-box and TPR domains of CHIP are indispensable and play an important role in the regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation induced by AlCl3 in N2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
| | - Xiaofen Ju
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Ministryof Education, Shanxi medical university, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi medical university, China
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4
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Ferroptosis as a mechanism of non-ferrous metal toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2391-2417. [PMID: 35727353 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death, implicated in multiple pathologies. Given that the toxicity elicited by some metals is linked to alterations in iron metabolism and induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis might be involved in such toxicity. Although direct evidence is insufficient, certain pioneering studies have demonstrated a crosstalk between metal toxicity and ferroptosis. Specifically, the mechanisms underlying metal-induced ferroptosis include induction of ferritinophagy, increased DMT-1 and TfR cellular iron uptake, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) generation, inhibition of Xc-system and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, altogether resulting in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In addition, there is direct evidence of the role of ferroptosis in the toxicity of arsenic, cadmium, zinc, manganese, copper, and aluminum exposure. In contrast, findings on the impact of cobalt and nickel on ferroptosis are scant and nearly lacking altogether for mercury and especially lead. Other gaps in the field include limited studies on the role of metal speciation in ferroptosis and the critical cellular targets. Although further detailed studies are required, it seems reasonable to propose even at this early stage that ferroptosis may play a significant role in metal toxicity, and its modulation may be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for the amelioration of metal toxicity.
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Cheng H, Yang B, Ke T, Li S, Yang X, Aschner M, Chen P. Mechanisms of Metal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders. TOXICS 2021; 9:142. [PMID: 34204190 PMCID: PMC8235163 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metals are actively involved in multiple catalytic physiological activities. However, metal overload may result in neurotoxicity as it increases formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative stress in the nervous system. Mitochondria are a key target of metal-induced toxicity, given their role in energy production. As the brain consumes a large amount of energy, mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in levels of ATP may significantly disrupt brain function, resulting in neuronal cell death and ensuing neurological disorders. Here, we address contemporary studies on metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
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Saleh RA, Eissa TF, Abdallah DM, Saad MA, El-Abhar HS. Peganum harmala enhanced GLP-1 and restored insulin signaling to alleviate AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer-like pathology model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12040. [PMID: 34103557 PMCID: PMC8187628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a folk medicinal herb used in the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) as a remedy for central disorders. The main constituents, harmine and harmaline, have displayed therapeutic efficacy against Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the P. harmala potential on sensitizing central insulin to combat AD remains to be clarified. An AD-like rat model was induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3; 50 mg/kg/day for six consecutive weeks; i.p), whereas a methanolic standardized P. harmala seed extract (187.5 mg/kg; p.o) was given to AD rats starting 2 weeks post AlCl3 exposure. Two additional groups of rats were administered either the vehicle to serve as the normal control or the vehicle + P. harmala seed extract to serve as the P. harmala control group. P. harmala enhanced cognition appraised by Y-maze and Morris water maze tests and improved histopathological structures altered by AlCl3. Additionally, it heightened the hippocampal contents of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and insulin, but abated insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation at serine 307 (pS307-IRS-1). Besides, P. harmala increased phosphorylated Akt at serine 473 (pS473-Akt) and glucose transporter type (GLUT)4. The extract also curtailed the hippocampal content of beta amyloid (Aβ)42, glycogen synthase (GSK)-3β and phosphorylated tau. It also enhanced Nrf2, while reduced lipid peroxides and replenished glutathione. In conclusion, combating insulin resistance by P. harmala is a novel machinery in attenuating the insidious progression of AD by enhancing both insulin and GLP-1 trajectories in the hippocampus favoring GLUT4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofida A Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek F Eissa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Cheng L, Liang R, Li Z, Ren J, Yang S, Bai J, Niu Q, Yu H, Zhang H, Xia N, Liu H. Aluminum maltolate triggers ferroptosis in neurons: mechanism of action. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:33-42. [PMID: 32900247 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1821268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), a neurotoxic element, can induce Alzheimer's disease (AD) via triggering neuronal death. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death related to neurological diseases. Unfortunately, its role in aluminum-induced neuronal death remains completely unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is involved in neuronal death in response to aluminum exposure as well as its underlying mechanism. In this study, rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were treated with 200 μM aluminum maltolate (Al(mal)3) for 24 h, and related biochemical indicators were assessed to determine whether ferroptosis was induced by aluminum in neurons. Then, the potential mechanism was explored by detecting of these genes and proteins associated with ferroptosis after adding ferroptosis-specific agonist Erastin (5 μM) and antagonist Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) (5 μM). The experimental results demonstrated that aluminum exposure significantly increased the death of PC12 cells and caused specific mitochondrial pathological changes of ferroptosis in PC12 cells. Further research confirmed that ferroptosis was triggered by aluminum in PC12 cells by means of activating the oxidative damage signaling pathway, which was displayed as inhibition of the cysteine/glutamate antiporter system (system Xc-), causing the depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) and inactivation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) eventually lead to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, ferroptosis was a means of neuronal death induced by aluminum and oxidative damage may be its underlying mechanism, which also provided some new clues to potential target for the intervention and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjuan Ren
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoulin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Khalid A, Abbasi UA, Amber S, Sumera, Mirza FJ, Asif M, Javed A, Zahid S. Methylphenidate and Rosmarinus officinalis improves cognition and regulates inflammation and synaptic gene expression in AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7861-7870. [PMID: 33011892 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychotropic medication is commonly used for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study we elucidated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of MPH and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract, an ancient aromatic herb with several applications in traditional medicine. Briefly, six groups of mice (n = 8 each group), were specified for the study and behavioral analysis was performed to analyze spatial memory followed by histological assessment and gene expression analysis of synaptic (Syn I, II and III) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα and GFAP) via qRT-PCR, in an AlCl3-induced mouse model for neurotoxicity. The behavioral analysis demonstrated significant cognitive decline, memory defects and altered gene expression in AlCl3-treated group. Rosemary extract significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory and synaptic markers to the similar levels as that of MPH. The present findings suggested the neuroprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. However, further characterization of its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and MPH is required to strategize future treatments for several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibah Khalid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umme Aimen Abbasi
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanila Amber
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed Mirza
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is upregulated. Sildenafil inhibits PDE5 and increases cGMP levels. Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1α deacetylation. Via PGC1α signaling, low-dose sildenafil likely suppresses β-secretase 1 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, and induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, sildenafil should increase brain perfusion, insulin sensitivity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis while suppressing neural apoptosis and inflammation. A systematic review of sildenafil in AD was undertaken. In vitro, sildenafil protected neural mitochondria from Aβ and advanced glycation end products. In transgenic AD mice, sildenafil was found to rescue deficits in CREB phosphorylation and memory, upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduce reactive astrocytes and microglia, decrease interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decrease neural apoptosis, increase neurogenesis, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation. All studies that tested Aβ levels reported significant improvements except the two that used the highest dosage, consistent with the dose-limiting effect of cGMP-induced phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) activation and cAMP depletion on PGC1α signaling. In AD patients, a single dose of sildenafil decreased spontaneous neural activity, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. A randomized control trial of sildenafil (ideally with a PDE2 inhibitor) in AD patients is warranted.
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Apoptotic Inducement of Neuronal Cells by Aluminium Chloride and the Neuroprotective Effect of Eugenol in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8425643. [PMID: 32089784 PMCID: PMC7008282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8425643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is known to accelerate oxidative stress, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, and plaque formation in the brain of rats. Objective. The present study is aimed at studying the neuroprotective effects of eugenol following aluminium-induced neurotoxicity on caspase-3, apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), and assay oxidative stress to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Materials and methods. Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four (4) groups with five animals in each group. Route of administration was oral throughout the duration of this study and this study lasted for 21 days. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after administration of the last dose (i.e., day 22) with 0.8 mg/kg ketamine as an anaesthetic agent. Results. Exposure to AlCl3 resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) elevation in the levels of nitric oxide and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), enhanced the activity of caspase-3, increased the level of proapoptotic protein Bax and reduced the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the levels of SOD and GPx. However, treatment with eugenol resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, inhibited the activity of caspase-3, increased levels of Bcl-2 and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced levels of Bax protein, respectively, and also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of SOD and GPx. Our results would hereby suggest that eugenol would provide a therapeutic value against aluminium-induced oxidative stress as related to antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Yumoto S, Kakimi S, Ishikawa A. Colocalization of Aluminum and Iron in Nuclei of Nerve Cells in Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:1267-1281. [PMID: 30149443 PMCID: PMC6218123 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that metal-induced oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the presence of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, was demonstrated in nuclear DNA (nDNA) in the AD brain. Iron (Fe) is a pro-oxidant metal capable of generating hydroxyl radicals that can oxidize DNA, and aluminum (Al) has been reported to facilitate Fe-mediated oxidation. In the present study, we examined the elements contained in the nuclei of nerve cells in AD brains using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Our results demonstrated that Al and Fe were colocalized in the nuclei of nerve cells in the AD brain. Within the nuclei, the highest levels of both Al and Fe were measured in the nucleolus. The SEM-EDS analysis also revealed the colocalization of Al and Fe in the heterochromatin and euchromatin in neuronal nuclei in the AD brain. Notably, the levels of Al and Fe in the nucleus of nerve cells in the AD brain were markedly higher than those in age-matched control brains. We hypothesize that the colocalization of Al and Fe in the nucleus of nerve cells might induce oxidative damage to nDNA and concurrently inhibit the repair of oxidatively damaged nDNA. An imbalance caused by the increase in DNA damage and the decrease in DNA repair activities might lead to the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA, eventually causing neurodegeneration and the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Yumoto
- Yumoto Institute of Neurology, Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kakimi
- Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ohyaguchiuemachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang L, Chen C, Mak MSH, Lu J, Wu Z, Chen Q, Han Y, Li Y, Pi R. Advance of sporadic Alzheimer's disease animal models. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:431-458. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Marvin SH Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Hong Kong
| | - Junfeng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Zeqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Qiuhe Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese MedicineThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Hong Kong
- International Joint Laboratory<SYSU‐PolyU HK>of Novel Anti‐Dementia Drugs of GuangzhouGuangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Guangdong Landau Biotechnology Co LtdGuangzhou China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory<SYSU‐PolyU HK>of Novel Anti‐Dementia Drugs of GuangzhouGuangzhou China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
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Merino P, Santos-López JA, Mateos CJ, Meseguer I, Garcimartín A, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J, González-Muñoz MJ. Can nonalcoholic beer, silicon and hops reduce the brain damage and behavioral changes induced by aluminum nitrate in young male Wistar rats? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:784-794. [PMID: 29886234 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum consumption has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies suggest that regular beer intake reverses the pro-oxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by aluminum nitrate intoxication. This paper aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of non-alcoholic beer (NABeer), silicon or hops, as well as their effect on animal behavior (e.g. curiosity, immobilization, rearing, grooming, swimming) and brain antioxidant enzyme (activity and gene expression) and anti-inflammatory status in aluminum nitrate intoxicated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: 1) Control, 2) Aluminum nitrate (450 μg/kg/day), 3) Aluminum nitrate plus NABeer, 4) Aluminum nitrate plus hops, and 5) Aluminum nitrate plus silicon. Hops showed the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity and silicon the highest anticholinesterase activity. In the Aluminum group the brain aluminum/silicon ratio increased with impairment of brain antioxidant and inflammatory statuses. NABeer, silicon and hops block the negative effect on the in vivo antioxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by Aluminum nitrate and improve swimming and rearing behavioral tests. The various positive results suggest that NABeer is useful as a functional multi-target drink in the prevention of some neurodegenerative events caused by aluminum intoxication. More studies are required to conclude present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Santos-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2)
| | - C J Mateos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Meseguer
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2)
| | - S Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2).
| | - M J González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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Cheng D, Zhang X, Xu L, Li X, Hou L, Wang C. Protective and prophylactic effects of chlorogenic acid on aluminum-induced acute hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tian F, Yu L, Zhai Q, Xiao Y, Shi Y, Jiang J, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. The therapeutic protection of a living and dead Lactobacillus strain against aluminum-induced brain and liver injuries in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175398. [PMID: 28388664 PMCID: PMC5384776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 had the ability to alleviate acute aluminum (Al) toxicity when the strain was introduced simultaneously with Al exposure. This research was designed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of living and dead L. plantarum CCFM639 against chronic Al toxicity and to gain insight into the protection modes of this strain. Animals were assigned into control, Al only, Al + living CCFM639, and Al + dead CCFM639 groups. The Al exposure model was established by drinking water for the first 4 weeks. The strain was given after Al exposure by oral gavage at 109 colony-forming units once per day for 12 weeks. The results show that the Al binding ability of dead CCFM639 was similar to that of living CCFM639 in vitro. The ingestion of living or dead CCFM639 has similar effects on levels of Al and trace element in tissues, but living strains led to more significant amelioration of oxidative stress and improvement of memory deficits in Al-exposed mice. In conclusion, in addition to intestinal Al sequestration, CCFM639 treatment offers direct protection against chronic Al toxicity by alleviation of oxidative stress. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 has a potential as dietary supplement ingredient that provides protection against Al-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Quercetin attenuates neuronal death against aluminum-induced neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2016; 324:163-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. The History, Status, Gaps, and Future Directions of Neurotoxicology in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:722-732. [PMID: 26824332 PMCID: PMC4892912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid economic development in China has produced serious ecological, environmental, and health problems. Neurotoxicity has been recognized as a major public health problem. The Chinese government, research institutes, and scientists conducted extensive studies concerning the source, characteristics, and mechanisms of neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVES This paper presents, for the first time, a comprehensive history and review of major sources of neurotoxicants, national bodies/legislation engaged, and major neurotoxicology research in China. METHODS Peer-reviewed research and pollution studies by Chinese scientists from 1991 to 2015 were examined. PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were the major search tools. RESULTS The central problem is an increased exposure to neurotoxicants from air and water, food contamination, e-waste recycling, and manufacturing of household products. China formulated an institutional framework and standards system for management of major neurotoxicants. Basic and applied research was initiated, and international cooperation was achieved. The annual number of peer-reviewed neurotoxicology papers from Chinese authors increased almost 30-fold since 2001. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive efforts, neurotoxicity remains a significant public health problem. This provides great challenges and opportunities. We identified 10 significant areas that require major educational, environmental, governmental, and research efforts, as well as attention to public awareness. For example, there is a need to increase efforts to utilize new in vivo and in vitro models, determine the potential neurotoxicity and mechanisms involved in newly emerging pollutants, and examine the effects and mechanisms of mixtures. In the future, we anticipate working with scientists worldwide to accomplish these goals and eliminate, prevent and treat neurotoxicity. CITATION Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. 2016. The history, status, gaps, and future directions of neurotoxicology in China. Environ Health Perspect 124:722-732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Diyun Ruan
- Neurotoxicology Lab, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donald A. Fox
- College of Optometry,
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry,
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Astaxanthin ameliorates aluminum chloride-induced spatial memory impairment and neuronal oxidative stress in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:60-9. [PMID: 26927754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride induces neurodegenerative disease in animal model. Evidence suggests that aluminum intake results in the activation of glial cells and generation of reactive oxygen species. By contrast, astaxanthin is an antioxidant having potential neuroprotective activity. In this study, we investigate the effect of astaxanthin on aluminum chloride-exposed behavioral brain function and neuronal oxidative stress (OS). Male Swiss albino mice (4 months old) were divided into 4 groups: (i) control (distilled water), (ii) aluminum chloride, (iii) astaxanthin+aluminum chloride, and (iv) astaxanthin. Two behavioral tests; radial arm maze and open field test were conducted, and OS markers were assayed from the brain and liver tissues following 42 days of treatment. Aluminum exposed group showed a significant reduction in spatial memory performance and anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, aluminum group exhibited a marked deterioration of oxidative markers; lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP) in the brain. To the contrary, co-administration of astaxanthin and aluminum has shown improved spatial memory, locomotor activity, and OS. These results indicate that astaxanthin improves aluminum-induced impaired memory performances presumably by the reduction of OS in the distinct brain regions. We suggest a future study to determine the underlying mechanism of astaxanthin in improving aluminum-exposed behavioral deficits.
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Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IMF, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 4:1-80. [PMID: 25233067 PMCID: PMC4997813 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007) . Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of "total Al"assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al(+3) to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)(+2) and Al(H2O)6 (+3)] that after complexation with O2(•-), generate Al superoxides [Al(O2(•))](H2O5)](+2). Semireduced AlO2(•) radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 (•-) and OH(•). Thus, it is the Al(+3)-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C. Willhite
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ian M. F. Arnold
- Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kumar V, Gill KD. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aluminium neurotoxicity and its amelioration: a review. Neurotoxicology 2014; 41:154-66. [PMID: 24560992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is light weight and toxic metal present ubiquitously on earth which has gained considerable attention due to its neurotoxic effects. The widespread use of products made from or containing aluminium is ensuring its presence in our body. There is prolonged retention of a fraction of aluminium that enters the brain, suggesting its potential for accumulation with repeated exposures. There is no known biological role for aluminium within the body but adverse physiological effects of this metal have been observed in mammals. The generation of oxidative stress may be attributed to its toxic consequences in animals and humans. The oxidative stress has been implicated in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Though it remains unclear whether oxidative stress is a major cause or merely a consequence of cellular dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative diseases, an accumulating body of evidence implicates that impaired mitochondrial energy production and increased mitochondrial oxidative damage is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Being involved in the production of reactive oxygen species, aluminium may impair mitochondrial bioenergetics and may lead to the generation of oxidative stress. In this review, we have discussed the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions occurring in Al neurotoxicity. In addition, the ameliorative measures undertaken in aluminium induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kiran Dip Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India; Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Xu J, Yang Z. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339:123-9. [PMID: 24548486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive disorder and memory dysfunction. This kind of cognitive impairment is closely related to synaptic plasticity, in which N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which is one of the glutamate receptors, plays a critical role. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate whether the cognitive impairment of AD rat model has relation to the change of NMDAR. The adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, AD and AD+APV (the competitive but not selective blocker of NMDAR) groups. The synaptic plasticity was measured by recording long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the perforant path (PP) to dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. The spatial memory and reversal learning were examined by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Results showed that the spatial learning performance of MWM was significantly impaired in AD group compared to that of control group. Rats of APV group showed a higher LTP and better performance in spatial memory, but worse performance in reversal learning test and lower LTD than those of AD group. In conclusion, the high concentration of APV influenced LTD and enhanced LTP in AD rats through changing the proportion of NMDAR, which suggested that the change of NMDAR may participate in the pathogenesis of AD at the synaptic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsi Zhang
- College of Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanna Li
- College of Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- College of Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Zinc, a Neuroprotective Agent Against Aluminum-induced Oxidative DNA Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fisetin enhances behavioral performances and attenuates reactive gliosis and inflammation during aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:192-208. [PMID: 23315010 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin that affects cerebral functions and causes health complications. However, the role of Al in arbitrating glia homeostasis and pathophysiology remains obscure. Astrocyte, microglia activation (reactive gliosis), and associated inflammatory events play a decisive role in neurodegeneration and may represent a target for treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we have analyzed the role of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in causing reactive gliosis in the brain of mice and the ability of fisetin, a flavonoid to attenuate reactive gliosis and neuronal inflammation. Reports suggest that fisetin exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Fisetin at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was orally administered, daily (pre-treated for 4 weeks before AlCl3 induction and co-treated until experimental period of 8 weeks) to mice induced with AlCl3 (200 mg/kg b.wt./day/8 weeks, orally). Administration of AlCl3 developed behavioral deficits, triggered lipid peroxidation (LPO), compromised acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH), and caused histologic aberrations. These effects were accompanied by increased expressions of Glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, were increased upon AlCl3 administration. AlCl3-induced alterations in the activities of SOD, CAT, GST, AChE and levels of GSH, LPO, activity of AChE, behavioral deficits, histologic aberrations, reactive gliosis, and inflammatory niche were attenuated on treatment with fisetin. Collectively, our results indicate that fisetin exerts neuroprotection against AlCl3-induced brain pathology.
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Silva AFJ, Aguiar MSS, Carvalho OSJ, Santana LDNS, Franco ECS, Lima RR, Siqueira NVMD, Feio RA, Faro LRF, Gomes-Leal W. Hippocampal neuronal loss, decreased GFAP immunoreactivity and cognitive impairment following experimental intoxication of rats with aluminum citrate. Brain Res 2012; 1491:23-33. [PMID: 23131585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxic agent with deleterious actions on cognitive processes. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the neuropathological effects underlying the Al-induced cognitive impairment. We have explored the effects of acute Al citrate intoxication on both hippocampal morphology and mnemonic processes in rodents. Adult male Wistar rats were intoxicated with a daily dose of Al citrate (320 mg/kg) during 4 days by gavage. Animals were perfused at 8 (G2), 17 (G3) and 31 days (G4) after intoxication. Control animals were treated with sodium citrate (G1). Animals were submitted to behavioral tests of open field and elevated T-maze. Immunohistochemistry was performed to label neurons (anti-NeuN) and astrocytes (anti-GFAP) in both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. There was an increase in the locomotor activity in open field test for G2 in comparison to control group and other groups (ANOVA-Bonferroni, P<0.05). The elevated T-maze avoidance latency (AL) was higher in all intoxicated groups compared to control (P<0.05) in avoidance 1. These values remained elevated in avoidance 2 (P<0.05), but abruptly decreased in G2 and G3, but not in G1 and G4 animals in avoidance 3 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences for 1 and 2 escape latencies. There were intense neuronal loss and a progressive decrease in GFAP immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of intoxicated animals. The results suggest that Al citrate treatment induces deficits on learning and memory concomitant with neuronal loss and astrocyte impairment in the hippocampus of intoxicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir F Junior Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
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Page KE, White KN, McCrohan CR, Killilea DW, Lithgow GJ. Aluminium exposure disrupts elemental homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metallomics 2012; 4:512-22. [PMID: 22534883 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is highly abundant in the environment and can elicit a variety of toxic responses in biological systems. Here we characterize the effects of Al on Caenorhabditis elegans by identifying phenotypic abnormalities and disruption in whole-body metal homeostasis (metallostasis) following Al exposure in food. Widespread changes to the elemental content of adult nematodes were observed when chronically exposed to Al from the first larval stage (L1). Specifically, we saw increased barium, chromium, copper and iron content, and a reduction in calcium levels. Lifespan was decreased in worms exposed to low levels of Al, but unexpectedly increased when the Al concentration reached higher levels (4.8 mM). This bi-phasic phenotype was only observed when Al exposure occurred during development, as lifespan was unaffected by Al exposure during adulthood. Lower levels of Al slowed C. elegans developmental progression, and reduced hermaphrodite self-fertility and adult body size. Significant developmental delay was observed even when Al exposure was restricted to embryogenesis. Similar changes in Al have been noted in association with Al toxicity in humans and other mammals, suggesting that C. elegans may be of use as a model for understanding the mechanisms of Al toxicity in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Page
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Abu-Taweel GM, Ajarem JS, Ahmad M. Neurobehavioral toxic effects of perinatal oral exposure to aluminum on the developmental motor reflexes, learning, memory and brain neurotransmitters of mice offspring. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors Expression and Their Relationship to Apoptosis in Hippocampus of Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Rats. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1420-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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