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Cayir S, Zhornitsky S, Barzegary A, Sotomayor-Carreño E, Sarfo-Ansah W, Funaro MC, Matuskey D, Angarita G. A review of the kappa opioid receptor system in opioid use. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105713. [PMID: 38733895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system is implicated in dysphoria and as an "anti-reward system" during withdrawal from opioids. However, no clear consensus has been made in the field, as mixed findings have been reported regarding the relationship between the KOR system and opioid use. This review summarizes the studies to date on the KOR system and opioids. A systematic scoping review was reported following PRISMA guidelines and conducted based on the published protocol. Comprehensive searches of several databases were done in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. We included preclinical and clinical studies that tested the administration of KOR agonists/antagonists or dynorphin and/or measured dynorphin levels or KOR expression during opioid intoxication or withdrawal from opioids. One hundred studies were included in the final analysis. Preclinical administration of KOR agonists decreased drug-seeking/taking behaviors and opioid withdrawal symptoms. KOR antagonists showed mixed findings, depending on the agent and/or type of withdrawal symptom. Administration of dynorphins attenuated opioid withdrawal symptoms both in preclinical and clinical studies. In the limited number of available studies, dynorphin levels were found to increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of opioid use disorder subjects (OUD). In animals, dynorphin levels and/or KOR expression showed mixed findings during opioid use. The KOR/dynorphin system appears to have a multifaceted and complex nature rather than simply functioning as an anti-reward system. Future research in well-controlled study settings is necessary to better understand the clinical role of the KOR system in opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Cayir
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Alireza Barzegary
- Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Iran
| | | | | | - Melissa C Funaro
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gustavo Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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2
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Marie N, Noble F. Oxycodone, an opioid like the others? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1229439. [PMID: 38152360 PMCID: PMC10751306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The over-prescription of opioid analgesics is a growing problem in the field of addiction, which has reached epidemic-like proportions in North America. Over the past decade, oxycodone has gained attention as the leading opioid responsible for the North America opioid crisis. Oxycodone is the most incriminated drug in the early years of the epidemic of opioid use disorder in USA (roughly 1999-2016). The number of preclinical articles on oxycodone is rapidly increasing. Several publications have already compared oxycodone with other opioids, focusing mainly on their analgesic properties. The aim of this review is to focus on the genomic and epigenetic regulatory features of oxycodone compared with other opioid agonists. Our aim is to initiate a discussion of perceptible differences in the pharmacological response observed with these various opioids, particularly after repeated administration in preclinical models commonly used to study drug dependence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Noble
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Pharmacologie et Thérapies des Addictions, Paris, France
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3
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Zhang J, Lu Y, Jia M, Bai Y, Sun L, Dong Z, Tian W, Yin F, Wei S, Wang Y. Kappa opioid receptor in nucleus accumbens regulates depressive-like behaviors following prolonged morphine withdrawal in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107536. [PMID: 37636073 PMCID: PMC10448166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged withdrawal from opioids leads to negative emotions. Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) plays an important role in opioid addiction and affective disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of KOR in withdrawal-related depression is still lacking. We found that escitalopram treatment had a limited effect in improving depression symptoms in heroin-dependent patients. In mice, we demonstrated prolonged (4 weeks) but not acute (24 h) withdrawal from morphine induced depressive-like behaviors. The number of c-Fos positive cells and the expression of KOR in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), were significantly increased in the prolonged morphine withdrawal mice. Conditional KOR knockdown in NAc significantly improved depressive-like behaviors. Repeated but not acute treatment with the KOR antagonist norBNI improved depressive-like behaviors and reversed PSD95, synaptophysin, p-ERK, p-CREB, and BDNF in NAc. This study demonstrated the important role of striatal KOR in morphine withdrawal-related depressive-like behaviors and offered therapeutic potential for the treatment of withdrawal-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ye Lu
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenrong Tian
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fangyuan Yin
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Han Z, Jin G, Tang J, Wang H, Guo D, Zhang J. Analgesic tolerance and cross-tolerance to the bifunctional opioid/neuropeptide FF receptors agonist EN-9 and μ-opioid receptor ligands at the supraspinal level in mice. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102309. [PMID: 36410163 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chimeric peptide EN-9 was reported as a κ-opioid/neuropeptide FF receptors bifunctional agonist that modulated chronic pain with no tolerance. Many lines of evidence have shown that the effect of the κ-opioid receptor is mediated by not only its specific activation but also downstream events participation, especially interaction with the μ-opioid receptor pathway in antinociception and tolerance on most occasions. The present study investigated the acute and chronic cross-tolerance of EN-9 with μ-opioid receptor agonist EM-2, DAMGO, and morphine after intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v) injection in the mouse tail-flick test. In the acute tolerance test, EN-9 showed symmetrical acute cross-tolerance to DAMGO but no cross-tolerance to EM2. In the chronic tolerance test, EN-9 had no tolerance after eight days of repeated administration. However, EN-9 illustrated complete cross-tolerance to morphine and symmetrical cross-tolerance to EM2. In addition, inhibition of NPFF receptor could induce the tolerance development of EN-9. These findings indicated that supraspinal EN-9-induced antinociception contains additional components, which are mediated by the downstream μ-opioid receptor pathway both in acute and chronic treatment, whereas the subtypes of μ-opioid receptor or NPFF system pathway involved in antinociceptive effects induced by EN-9 are complex. Identifying the receptor mechanism could help design preferable bifunctional opioid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglan Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China
| | - Guofei Jin
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China
| | - Jiancai Tang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China
| | - Hanyan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, Nanchong 637100, PR China.
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Anvari S, Foolad F, Javan M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Fathollahi Y. A distinct impact of repeated morphine exposure on synaptic plasticity at Schaffer collateral-CA1, temporoammonic-CA1, and perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:47-62. [PMID: 36514833 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study how morphine affects synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions along the hippocampal long axis. For this, recording and measuring of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were utilized to test the effects of repeated morphine exposure on paired-pulse evoked responses and long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 (Sch-CA1), temporoammonic-CA1 (TA-CA1) and perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in transverse slices from the dorsal (DH), intermediate (IH), and ventral (VH) hippocampus in adult male rats. After repeated morphine exposure, the expression of opioid receptors and the α1 and α5 GABAA subunits were also examined. We found that repeated morphine exposure blunt the difference between the DH and the VH in their basal levels of synaptic transmission at Sch-CA1 synapses that were seen in the control groups. Significant paired-pulse facilitation of excitatory synaptic transmission was observed at Sch-CA1 synapses in slices taken from all three hippocampal segments as well as at PP-DG synapses in slices taken from the VH segment in the morphine-treated groups as compared to the control groups. Interestingly, significant paired-pulse inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission was observed at TA-CA1 synapses in the DH slices from the morphine-treated group as compared to the control group. While primed-burst stimulation (a protocol reflecting normal neuronal firing) induced a robust LTP in hippocampal subfields in all control groups, resulting in a decaying LTP at TA-CA1 synapses in the VH slices and at PP-DG synapses in both the IH and VH slices taken from the morphine-treated rats. In the DH of morphine-treated rats, we found increased levels of the mRNAs encoding the α1 and α5 GABAA subunits as compared to the control group. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential mechanisms through which repeated morphine exposure causes differential changes in circuit excitability and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions along the hippocampal long axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Shokri-Kojori E, Naganawa M, Ramchandani VA, Wong DF, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Brain opioid segments and striatal patterns of dopamine release induced by naloxone and morphine. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1419-1430. [PMID: 34873784 PMCID: PMC8837588 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors are expressed throughout the brain and play a major role in regulating striatal dopamine (DA) release. Clinical studies have shown that naloxone (NAL, a nonspecific opioid antagonist) in individuals with opioid use disorder and morphine (MRP, a nonspecific opioid agonist) in healthy controls, resulted in DA release in the dorsal and ventral striatum, respectively. It is not known whether the underlying patterns of striatal DA release are associated with the striatal distribution of opioid receptors. We leveraged previously published PET datasets (collected in independent cohorts) to study the brain‐wide distribution of opioid receptors and to compare striatal opioid receptor availability with striatal DA release patterns. We identified three major gray matter segments based on availability maps of DA and opioid receptors: striatum, and primary and secondary opioid segments with high and intermediate opioid receptor availability, respectively. Patterns of DA release induced by NAL and MRP were inversely associated and correlated with kappa (NAL: r(68) = −0.81, MRP: r(68) = 0.54), and mu (NAL: r(68) = −0.62, MRP: r(68) = 0.46) opioid receptor availability. Kappa opioid receptor availability accounted for a unique part of variance in NAL‐ and MRP‐DA release patterns (ΔR2 >0.14, p <.0001). In sum, distributions of opioid receptors distinguished major cortical and subcortical regions. Patterns of NAL‐ and MRP‐induced DA release had inverse associations with striatal opioid receptor availability. Our approach provides a pattern‐based characterization of drug‐induced DA targets and is relevant for modeling the role of opioid receptors in modulating striatal DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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Wu LX, Dong YP, Zhu QM, Zhang B, Ai BL, Yan T, Zhang GH, Sun L. Effects of dezocine on morphine tolerance and opioid receptor expression in a rat model of bone cancer pain. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1128. [PMID: 34670518 PMCID: PMC8529774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, the coadministration of opioids to enhance antinociception and decrease tolerance has attracted increasing research attention. We investigated the effects of dezocine, a mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonist/antagonist, on morphine tolerance and explored the involvement of opioid receptor expression in a rat model of bone cancer pain. METHODS Thermal nociceptive thresholds were measured after the subcutaneous injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) alone or combined with dezocine (10 or 1 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to examine opioid receptor expression in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and spinal cord. RESULTS The analgesic effect was significantly decreased after 4 days of morphine administration. We observed that low-dose dezocine significantly attenuated morphine tolerance without reducing the analgesic effect of morphine. Low-dose dezocine coadministration significantly reversed the downregulated expression of mu (MOR) and delta (DOR) opioid receptors in the PAG and the upregulated expression of kappa (KOR) and DOR in the spinal cord induced by morphine. Moreover, low-dose dezocine coadministered with morphine significantly inhibited KOR expression in both the PAG and spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low-dose dezocine with morphine may prevent or delay the development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of bone cancer pain. The regulation of opioid receptor expression in the PAG and spinal cord may be part of the mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Rats
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Bone Neoplasms/complications
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cancer Pain/drug therapy
- Cancer Pain/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Drug Tolerance
- Hot Temperature
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Threshold
- Periaqueductal Gray/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan-Peng Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qian-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo-Lun Ai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
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Mazereeuw G, Gomes T, Macdonald EM, Greaves S, Li P, Mamdani MM, Redelmeier DA, Juurlink DN. Oxycodone, Hydromorphone, and the Risk of Suicide: A Retrospective Population-Based Case-Control Study. Drug Saf 2020; 43:737-743. [PMID: 32328907 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-00924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioids have been increasingly associated with suicide, but whether they are independent contributors is unclear. Oxycodone and hydromorphone are commonly prescribed high-potency opioids that can differentially affect mood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore whether oxycodone and hydromorphone are differentially associated with suicide. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based case-control study in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 to 2014. Using coronial data, we defined case subjects as individuals who died by suicide involving an opioid overdose. Each of these was matched with up to four controls who died of accidental opioid overdose. We ascertained exposure to oxycodone, hydromorphone, and other opioids from postmortem toxicology testing. We used odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to examine whether opioid-related suicide was disproportionately associated with oxycodone relative to hydromorphone. RESULTS We identified 438 suicides and 1212 accidental deaths, each of which involved either oxycodone or hydromorphone but not both. The median age at death was 49 years and 51% were men. After adjusting for a history of self-harm, psychiatric illness, and exposure to other opioids, we found that oxycodone was more strongly associated with suicide than hydromorphone (adjusted odds ratio 1.59; 95% confidence interval 1.20-2.11). In a secondary analysis, we observed a trend of similar magnitude in which combined exposure to oxycodone and hydromorphone was more strongly associated with suicide than hydromorphone alone (adjusted odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 0.92-3.09). CONCLUSIONS While preliminary, these findings support the possibility that some high-potency opioids might independently influence the risk of suicide in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Mazereeuw
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Gomes
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin M Macdonald
- The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Greaves
- The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Li
- The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad M Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David N Juurlink
- The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue G106, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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9
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Huang J, Wang J, Guo Q, Zou W. Emerging roles of microRNAs in morphine tolerance. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1139-1147. [PMID: 31114297 PMCID: PMC6497837 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s187592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is commonly used in clinical management to alleviate moderate-to-severe pain. However, prolonged and repeated use of morphine leads to tolerance. Morphine tolerance is a challenging clinical problem that limits its clinical application in pain treatment. The mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance are still not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs containing 18~22 nucleotides that modulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, and their dysregulation causes various diseases. miRNAs bind to the 3ʹ-UTR (untranslated region) of target gene mRNA, inhibiting or destabilizing translation of the transcripts. Morphine causes differential miRNA upregulation or downregulation. This review will present evidence for the contribution of miRNAs to tolerance of the antinociception effect of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangju Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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10
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Opioid κ Receptors as a Molecular Target for the Creation of a New Generation of Analgesic Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Algazo MA, Amiri-Ghashlaghi S, Delfan B, Hassanzadeh G, Sabbagh-Ziarani F, Jazaeri F, Dehpour AR. Cirrhosis-induced morphological changes in the retina: possible role of endogenous opioid. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:681-4. [PMID: 26309861 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of cirrhosis on retinal morphology and to evaluate the role of endogenous opioids as a mediator in cirrhosis induced retinal change. METHODS Thirty-six male rats were divided into 3 main groups; the common bile duct ligated (BDL) group, the sham-operated (Sham) group and the unoperated (Unop) group. Then each of these three main groups was divided into two subgroups; the first subgroup received daily injection of naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX) and the second group was injected with normal saline (Saline) daily. After 28d, rats were anesthetized and their right eyes were enucleated and assessed for histological changes. The thickness of the rod and cons layer, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell layer for each eye were measured in micrometers by light microscope. RESULTS Ganglion cell layer showed significant increase in thickness in the BDL group (P<0.05). This increase was eliminated in the group where BDL rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of naltrexone hydrochloride (20 mg/kg). No other histological changes were detected in the other 5 layers we measured. CONCLUSION The morphological change we detected in the retina of cirrhotic rats is probably due to opioids increased tone in cirrhosis since the increase in thickness in the ganglion cell layer was almost eliminated when naltrexone hydrochloride was injected. These results suggest a possible role for endogenous opioids in the morphological retinal changes detected in cirrhotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdullah Algazo
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Saeed Amiri-Ghashlaghi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Bahram Delfan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad 6813833946, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 644714155, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sabbagh-Ziarani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 644714155, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Jazaeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145784, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145784, Iran
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Protein kinase Cε is required for spinal analgesic synergy between delta opioid and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist pairs. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13538-46. [PMID: 23946412 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4013-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that spinal synergistic interactions between δ opioid receptors (δORs) and α2A adrenergic receptors (α2AARs) require protein kinase C (PKC). To identify which PKC isoforms contribute to analgesic synergy, we evaluated the effects of various PKC-isoform-specific peptide inhibitors on synergy between δORs and α2AARs using the tail flick assay of thermal nociception in mice. Only a PKCε inhibitor abolished synergy between a δOR agonist and an α2AAR agonist. We tested a panel of combinations of opioid and adrenergic agonists in PKCε knock-out mice and found that all four combinations of a δOR agonist and an α2AAR agonist required PKCε for antinociceptive synergy. None of the combinations of a μOR agonist with an α2AR agonist required PKCε. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that PKCε could be found in the population of peptidergic primary afferent nociceptors where δORs and α2AARs have been found to extensively colocalize. Immunoreactivity for PKCε was found in the majority of dorsal root ganglion neurons and intensely labeled laminae I and II of the spinal cord dorsal horn. PKCε is widespread in the spinal nociceptive system and in peptidergic primary afferents it appears to be specifically involved in mediating the synergistic interaction between δORs and α2AARs.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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