1
|
The neuroprotective effect of walnut-derived peptides against glutamate-induced damage in PC12 cells: mechanism and bioavailability. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
2
|
Wang S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Neil Waterhouse GI, Zheng L, Su G, Zhao M. Effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on cognitive deficits and memory decline in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
3
|
Soriano-Castell D, Currais A, Maher P. Defining a pharmacological inhibitor fingerprint for oxytosis/ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:219-231. [PMID: 34010663 PMCID: PMC8217321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first described in 2012 as an iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent form of regulated cell death. Since its initial description, these two characteristics have informed numerous cell culture studies where inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and/or iron chelators have been shown to prevent cell death induced by a wide range of insults. However, it is not clear whether these two characteristics are sufficient to distinguish ferroptosis from other forms of regulated cell death. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine whether a unique combination of features could be identified that would provide an approach to more clearly separate ferroptosis from other forms of regulated cell death. To this end, multiple pharmacological inhibitors based on a variety of studies were tested. Many of these inhibitors were previously shown to protect cells from oxytosis, a regulated cell death pathway that mechanistically overlaps with ferroptosis and is induced by some of the same chemicals as ferroptosis. These inhibitors were not only tested against both known ferroptosis and oxytosis inducers but also a number of other insults that have been suggested to induce ferroptosis. The results show that a pharmacological fingerprint for ferroptosis can be established and used to categorize toxic insults into those that overlap with oxytosis/ferroptosis and those that do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Soriano-Castell
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Szekeres FLM, Walum E, Wikström P, Arner A. A small molecule inhibitor of Nox2 and Nox4 improves contractile function after ischemia-reperfusion in the mouse heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11970. [PMID: 34099836 PMCID: PMC8184855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase enzymes Nox2 and 4, are important generators of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). These enzymes are abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and have been implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous attempts with full inhibition of their activity using genetically modified animals have shown variable results, suggesting that a selective and graded inhibition could be a more relevant approach. We have, using chemical library screening, identified a new compound (GLX481304) which inhibits Nox 2 and 4 (with IC50 values of 1.25 µM) without general antioxidant effects or inhibitory effects on Nox 1. The compound inhibits ROS production in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes and improves cardiomyocyte contractility and contraction of whole retrogradely (Langendorff) perfused hearts after a global ischemia period. We conclude that a pharmacological and partial inhibition of ROS production by inhibition of Nox 2 and 4 is beneficial for recovery after ischemia reperfusion and might be a promising venue for treatment of ischemic injury to the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc L M Szekeres
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Biomedicine, Department of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 1, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Erik Walum
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Per Wikström
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, c/o Igelösa Life Science AB Igelösa 373, 225 94, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Zhuang L, Ding Y, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhu J. A RNA-seq approach for exploring the protective effect of ginkgolide B on glutamate-induced astrocytes injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113807. [PMID: 33450290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There is substantial experimental evidence to support the view that Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine known to treating stroke, has a protective effect on the central nervous system and significantly improves the cognitive dysfunction caused by disease, including alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia, and diabetic encephalopathy. Although a number of studies have reported that ginkgolide B (GB), a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves, has neuroprotective effects, very little research has been performed to explore its potential pharmacological mechanism on astrocytes under abnormal glutamate (Glu) metabolism in the pathological environment of AD. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the protective effect and mechanism of GB on Glu-induced astrocytes injury. METHODS Astrocytes were randomly divided into the control group, Glu group, GB group, and GB + IWP-4 group.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine relative cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to assess the preventive effects of GB in the Glu-induced astrocyte model and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the possible molecular mechanisms. The effects of GB on the Glu transporter and Glu-induced apoptosis of astrocytes were studied by RT-qPCR and western blot. RESULTS GB attenuated Glu-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, while the Wnt inhibitor IWP-4 reversed the protective effect of GB on astrocytes. The RNA-seq results revealed 4,032 differential gene expression profiles; 3,491 genes were up-regulated, and 543 genes were down-regulated in the GB group compared with the Glu group. Differentially expressed genes involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including the Hippo and Wnt pathways have been associated with the development and progression of AD. RT-qPCR was used to validate 14 key genes, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. IWP-4 inhibited the regulation of GB, disturbed the apoptosis protective effect on astrocytes, and promoted Glu transporter gene and protein expression caused by Glu. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GB may play a protective role in Glu-induced astrocyte injury by regulating the Hippo and Wnt pathways. GB was closely associated with the Wnt pathway by promoting expression of the Glu transporter and inhibiting Glu-induced injury in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Linwu Zhuang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 16034, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrated Analysis to Identify a Redox-Related Prognostic Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6648093. [PMID: 33968297 PMCID: PMC8084660 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of the redox system has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and progression of many cancers. However, the biological function and clinical significance of redox-related genes (RRGs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. In our current study, we downloaded transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of ccRCC patients and identified the differential expression of RRGs in tumor and normal kidney tissues. Then, we identified a total of 344 differentially expressed RRGs, including 234 upregulated and 110 downregulated RRGs. Fourteen prognosis-related RRGs (ADAM8, CGN, EIF4EBP1, FOXM1, G6PC, HAMP, HTR2C, ITIH4, LTB4R, MMP3, PLG, PRKCG, SAA1, and VWF) were selected out, and a prognosis-related signature was constructed based on these RRGs. Survival analysis showed that overall survival was lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the risk score signature was 0.728 at three years and 0.759 at five years in the TCGA cohort and 0.804 at three years and 0.829 at five years in the E-MTAB-1980 cohort, showing good predictive performance. In addition, we explored the regulatory relationships of these RRGs with upstream miRNA, their biological functions and molecular mechanisms, and their relationship with immune cell infiltration. We also established a nomogram based on these prognostic RRGs and performed internal and external validation in the TCGA and E-MTAB-1980 cohorts, respectively, showing an accurate prediction of ccRCC prognosis. Moreover, a stratified analysis showed a significant correlation between the prognostic signature and ccRCC progression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Maher P, Currais A, Schubert D. Using the Oxytosis/Ferroptosis Pathway to Understand and Treat Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1456-1471. [PMID: 33176157 PMCID: PMC7749085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytosis was first described over 30 years ago in nerve cells as a non-excitotoxic pathway for glutamate-induced cell death. The key steps of oxytosis, including glutathione depletion, lipoxygenase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and calcium influx, were identified using a combination of chemical and genetic tools. A pathway with the same characteristics as oxytosis was identified in transformed fibroblasts in 2012 and named ferroptosis. Importantly, the pathophysiological changes seen in oxytosis and ferroptosis are also observed in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging brain. This led to the hypothesis that this pathway could be used as a screening tool to identify novel drug candidates for the treatment of multiple age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this approach, we have identified several AD drug candidates, one of which is now in clinical trials, as well as new target pathways for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Antonio Currais
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The neuroprotective effect of lamotrigine against glutamate excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.816319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Terzioğlu Bebitoğlu B, Oğuz E, Gökçe A. Effect of valproic acid on oxidative stress parameters of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1321-1328. [PMID: 32742366 PMCID: PMC7388284 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. It has been proposed that valproic acid (VPA), which is used in epileptic and bipolar disorders, may be protective against excitotoxic insult. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of VPA against the glutamate excitotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line and determine its anti-oxidant capacity by measuring oxidative and anti-oxidant biochemical parameters. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were pre-treated with 1, 5 or 10 mM VPA prior to exposure to 15 mM glutamate. The MTT assay was performed to determine cell viability. To detect oxidative insult in glutamate toxicity and the potential anti-oxidant effect of VPA, the cell catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activity was determined. A progressive decline in cell viability was observed with increasing glutamate concentrations (1-50 mM). Treatment with 1 mM VPA was revealed to be effective in increasing the viability of cells exposed to glutamate for 24 h. Oxidative damage, including an increase in H2O2 and MDA, was observed in SH-SY5Y cells treated with glutamate and was reduced by pre-treatment with VPA. CAT activity was decreased following glutamate exposure, but VPA did not prevent this decrease. SOD activity was increased by treatment with VPA alone and was not affected by glutamate exposure. Overall, the present results confirmed the critical role of oxidative stress in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. They also suggested that VPA may exert an anti-oxidant effect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by decreasing oxidative parameters, including H2O2 and MDA, but only had a slight effect on CAT and SOD activity, which have an anti-oxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna Terzioğlu Bebitoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Elif Oğuz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Acet Gökçe
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul 34700, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Su G, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Liu Y, Zheng L, Zhao M. Walnut ( Juglans regia) Peptides Reverse Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory Impairment in Rat via Alleviating Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10617-10627. [PMID: 30226056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of walnut protein hydrolysates (WPH) against memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in rat and further to identify and characterize the potent neuroprotective peptides against glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Results showed that a remarkable amelioration effect on behavioral performance in Morris water maze test was observed for WPH and its low molecular weight fraction WPHL, especially for WPHL. Additionally, a reduction of antioxidant defense (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and an increase of malondialdehyde content induced by SD were normalized in brain of rat after oral administration of WPH and WPHL. Then three neuroprotective peptides including GGW, VYY, and LLPF were identified from WPHL, which could protect PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis with relative cell viability of 78.29 ± 3.09%, 80.65 ± 1.74%, and 83.97 ± 3.06%, respectively, versus glutamate group 48.61 ± 3.99%. The possible mechanism underlying their protective effects of GGW and VYY could be related to their strong radical scavenging activity as well as their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species production and the depletion of SOD and GSH-px in PC12 cells. Notably, the marked neuroprotective effects of LLPF, which did not show obvious free-radical scavenging activity in vitro, could be attributed to its strong effects on inhibiting Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Additionally, all these peptides could regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). Therefore, walnut peptides might be regarded as the potential nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative disorders associated with memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalozoumi G, Kel-Margoulis O, Vafiadaki E, Greenberg D, Bernard H, Soreq H, Depaulis A, Sanoudou D. Glial responses during epileptogenesis in Mus musculus point to potential therapeutic targets. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201742. [PMID: 30114263 PMCID: PMC6095496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mesio-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy syndrome is the most common form of intractable epilepsy. It is characterized by recurrence of focal seizures and is often associated with hippocampal sclerosis and drug resistance. We aimed to characterize the molecular changes occurring during the initial stages of epileptogenesis in search of new therapeutic targets for Mesio-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. We used a mouse model obtained by intra-hippocampal microinjection of kainate and performed hippocampal whole genome expression analysis at 6h, 12h and 24h post-injection, followed by multilevel bioinformatics analysis. We report significant changes in immune and inflammatory responses, neuronal network reorganization processes and glial functions, predominantly initiated during status epilepticus at 12h and persistent after the end of status epilepticus at 24h post-kainate. Upstream regulator analysis highlighted Cyba, Cybb and Vim as central regulators of multiple overexpressed genes implicated in glial responses at 24h. In silico microRNA analysis indicated that miR-9, miR-19b, miR-129, and miR-223 may regulate the expression of glial-associated genes at 24h. Our data support the hypothesis that glial-mediated inflammatory response holds a key role during epileptogenesis, and that microglial cells may participate in the initial process of epileptogenesis through increased ROS production via the NOX complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kalozoumi
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David Greenberg
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- INSERM, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maina MB, Bailey LJ, Wagih S, Biasetti L, Pollack SJ, Quinn JP, Thorpe JR, Doherty AJ, Serpell LC. The involvement of tau in nucleolar transcription and the stress response. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:70. [PMID: 30064522 PMCID: PMC6066928 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is known for its pathological role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Tau is found in many subcellular compartments such as the cytosol and the nucleus. Although its normal role in microtubule binding is well established, its nuclear role is still unclear. Here, we reveal that tau localises to the nucleolus in undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y), where it associates with TIP5, a key player in heterochromatin stability and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcriptional repression. Immunogold labelling on human brain sample confirms the physiological relevance of this finding by showing tau within the nucleolus colocalises with TIP5. Depletion of tau results in an increase in rDNA transcription with an associated decrease in heterochromatin and DNA methylation, suggesting that under normal conditions tau is involved in silencing of the rDNA. Cellular stress induced by glutamate causes nucleolar stress associated with the redistribution of nucleolar non-phosphorylated tau, in a similar manner to fibrillarin, and nuclear upsurge of phosphorylated tau (Thr231) which doesn't colocalise with fibrillarin or nucleolar tau. This suggests that stress may impact on different nuclear tau species. In addition to involvement in rDNA transcription, nucleolar non-phosphorylated tau also undergoes stress-induced redistribution similar to many nucleolar proteins.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/ultrastructure
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleolus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleolus/metabolism
- Cell Nucleolus/ultrastructure
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/ultrastructure
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/metabolism
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Glutamic Acid/pharmacology
- Heterochromatin/physiology
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/ultrastructure
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transfection
- tau Proteins/genetics
- tau Proteins/metabolism
- tau Proteins/ultrastructure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud B Maina
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Science, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Laura J Bailey
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Sherin Wagih
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Luca Biasetti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Saskia J Pollack
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - James P Quinn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Julian R Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Aidan J Doherty
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lewerenz J, Ates G, Methner A, Conrad M, Maher P. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis-(Re-) Emerging Roles for Oxidative Stress-Dependent Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29731704 PMCID: PMC5920049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that neuronal cell death predominantly proceeds by regulated processes. Almost 30 years ago, a cell death pathway eventually named oxytosis was described in neuronal cells that involved glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, lipoxygenase activation, and calcium influx. More recently, a cell death pathway that involved many of the same steps was described in tumor cells and termed ferroptosis due to a dependence on iron. Since then there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about whether these are two distinct pathways or cell type- and insult-dependent variations on the same pathway. In this review, we compare and contrast in detail the commonalities and distinctions between the two pathways concluding that the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and oxytosis are highly similar if not identical. Thus, we suggest that oxytosis and ferroptosis should be regarded as two names for the same cell death pathway. In addition, we describe the potential physiological relevance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in multiple neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gamze Ates
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Exopolysaccharides from Marine and Marine Extremophilic Bacteria: Structures, Properties, Ecological Roles and Applications. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020069. [PMID: 29461505 PMCID: PMC5852497 DOI: 10.3390/md16020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is the largest aquatic ecosystem on Earth and it harbours microorganisms responsible for more than 50% of total biomass of prokaryotes in the world. All these microorganisms produce extracellular polymers that constitute a substantial part of the dissolved organic carbon, often in the form of exopolysaccharides (EPS). In addition, the production of these polymers is often correlated to the establishment of the biofilm growth mode, during which they are important matrix components. Their functions include adhesion and colonization of surfaces, protection of the bacterial cells and support for biochemical interactions between the bacteria and the surrounding environment. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the status of the research about the structures of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria, including capsular, medium released and biofilm embedded polysaccharides. Moreover, ecological roles of these polymers, especially for those isolated from extreme ecological niches (deep-sea hydrothermal vents, polar regions, hypersaline ponds, etc.), are reported. Finally, relationships between the structure and the function of the exopolysaccharides are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dadashpour M, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Zarghami N, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Nouri M. Emerging Importance of Phytochemicals in Regulation of Stem Cells Fate via Signaling Pathways. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1651-1668. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maher P, van Leyen K, Dey PN, Honrath B, Dolga A, Methner A. The role of Ca 2+ in cell death caused by oxidative glutamate toxicity and ferroptosis. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:47-55. [PMID: 28545724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions play a fundamental role in cell death mediated by oxidative glutamate toxicity or oxytosis, a form of programmed cell death similar and possibly identical to other forms of cell death like ferroptosis. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space occurs late in a cascade characterized by depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, increases in cytosolic reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we aim to compare oxidative glutamate toxicity with ferroptosis, address the signaling pathways that culminate in Ca2+ influx and cell death and discuss the proteins that mediate this. Recent evidence hints toward a role of the machinery responsible for store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which refills the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after receptor-mediated ER Ca2+ release or other forms of store depletion. Pharmacological inhibition of SOCE or transcriptional downregulation of proteins involved in SOCE like the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1, the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels Orai1 and TRPC1 and the linking protein Homer protects against oxidative glutamate toxicity and direct oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) injury, a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. This suggests that SOCE inhibition might have some potential therapeutic effects in human disease associated with oxidative stress like neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Partha Narayan Dey
- University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Neurology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgit Honrath
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Methner
- University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Neurology, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lipina C, Hundal HS. Modulation of cellular redox homeostasis by the endocannabinoid system. Open Biol 2016; 6:150276. [PMID: 27248801 PMCID: PMC4852457 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute two key cellular signalling systems that participate in the modulation of diverse cellular functions. Importantly, growing evidence suggests that cross-talk between these two prominent signalling systems acts to modulate functionality of the ECS as well as redox homeostasis in different cell types. Herein, we review and discuss evidence pertaining to ECS-induced regulation of ROS generating and scavenging mechanisms, as well as highlighting emerging work that supports redox modulation of ECS function. Functionally, the studies outlined reveal that interactions between the ECS and ROS signalling systems can be both stimulatory and inhibitory in nature, depending on cell stimulus, the source of ROS species and cell context. Importantly, such cross-talk may act to maintain cell function, whereas abnormalities in either system may propagate and undermine the stability of both systems, thereby contributing to various pathologies associated with their dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sato K, Yamanaka Y, Asakura Y, Nedachi T. Glutamate levels control HT22 murine hippocampal cell death by regulating biphasic patterns of Erk1/2 activation: role of metabolic glutamate receptor 5. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:712-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular glutamate concentration is a critical determinant of neuronal cell fate. We recently demonstrated that HT22 murine hippocampal cell viability was reduced by exposure to high concentrations of glutamate, whereas low concentrations promoted cell survival. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activation by glutamate is important for both glutamate-induced cell death and survival. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate-induced or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced Erk1/2 activation in HT22 cell fate determination. Glutamate and H2O2 treatment similarly induced early (<1 h) Erk1/2 phosphorylation regardless of concentration. On the other hand, persistent Erk1/2 phosphorylation (16–24 h) was observed only in the presence of excess glutamate. Only the latter contributed to glutamate-induced cell death, which involved metabolic glutamate receptor 5. Our findings suggest that glutamate concentration modulates two distinct phases of Erk1/2 activation, which can explain the glutamate concentration-dependent determination of HT22 cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanaka
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Asakura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Taku Nedachi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
PD98059 Protects Brain against Cells Death Resulting from ROS/ERK Activation in a Cardiac Arrest Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3723762. [PMID: 27069530 PMCID: PMC4812463 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3723762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and experimental postcardiac arrest treatment has not reached therapeutic success. The present study investigated the effect of PD98059 (PD) in rats subjected to cardiac arrest (CA)/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Experimental rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham, CA, and PD. The rats except for sham group were subjected to CA for 5 min followed by CPR operation. Once spontaneous circulation was restored, saline and PD were injected in CA and PD groups, respectively. The survival rates and neurologic deficit scores (NDS) were observed, and the following indices of brain tissue were evaluated: ROS, MDA, SOD, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TUNEL positive cells, and double fluorescent staining of p-ERK/TUNEL. Our results indicated that PD treatment significantly reduced apoptotic neurons and improved the survival rates and NDS. Moreover, PD markedly downregulated the ROS, MDA, p-ERK, and caspase-3, Bax and upregulated SOD and Bcl-2 levels. Double staining p-ERK/TUNEL in choroid plexus and cortex showed that cell death is dependent on ERK activation. The findings in present study demonstrated that PD provides neuroprotection via antioxidant activity and antiapoptosis in rats subjected to CA/CPR.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ethanol directly induced HMGB1 release through NOX2/NLRP1 inflammasome in neuronal cells. Toxicology 2015; 334:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Anandamide protects HT22 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by inhibiting CB1 receptor-mediated type 2 NADPH oxidase. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:893516. [PMID: 25136404 PMCID: PMC4127243 DOI: 10.1155/2014/893516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) protects neurons from oxidative injury in rodent models; however the mechanism of AEA-induced neuroprotection remains to be determined. Activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) contributes to oxidative damage of the brain, and inhibition of Nox2 can attenuate cerebral oxidative stress. We aimed to determine whether the neuronal Nox2 was involved in protection mediated by AEA. Methods. The mouse hippocampal neuron cell line HT22 was exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative injury of neurons. The protective effect of AEA was assessed by measuring cell metabolic activity, apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cellular morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant and oxidant levels and Nox2 expression. Results. HT22 cells exposed to H2O2 demonstrated morphological changes, decreased LDH release, reduced metabolic activity, increased levels of intracellular ROS and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of Nox2. AEA prevented these effects, a property abolished by simultaneous administration of CB1 antagonist AM251 or CB1-siRNA. Conclusion. Nox2 inhibition is involved in AEA-induced cytoprotection against oxidative stress through CB1 activation in HT22 cells.
Collapse
|
22
|
Protection of pyruvate against glutamate excitotoxicity is mediated by regulating DAPK1 protein complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95777. [PMID: 24755839 PMCID: PMC3995922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective activity of pyruvate has been confirmed in previous in vivo and in vitro studies. Here, we report a novel mechanism that pyruvate prevents SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by regulating death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) protein complex. Our results showed pyruvate regulated DAPK1 protein complex to protect cells by two ways. First, pyruvate induced the dissociation of DAPK1 with NMDA receptors. The disruption of the DAPK1-NMDA receptors complex resulted in a decrease in NMDA receptors phosphorylation. Then the glutamate-stimulated Ca2+ influx was inhibited and intracellular Ca2+ overload was alleviated, which blocked the release of cytochrome c and cell death. In addition, increased Bcl-xL induced by pyruvate regulated Bax/Bak dependent death by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial inter-membrane space into the cytosol. As a result, the cytochrome c-initiated caspase cascade, including caspase-3 and caspase-9, was inhibited. Second, pyruvate promoted the association between DAPK1 and Beclin-1, which resulted in autophagy activation. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine reversed the protection afforded by pyruvate. Furthermore, the attenuation of mitochondrial damage induced by pyruvate was partly reduced by 3-methyladenine. This suggested autophagy mediated pyruvate protection by preventing mitochondrial damage. Taken together, pyruvate protects cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by regulating DAPK1 complexes, both through dissociation of DAPK1 from NMDA receptors and association of DAPK1 with Beclin-1. They go forward to protect cells by attenuating Ca2+ overload and activating autophagy. Finally, a convergence of the two ways protects mitochondria from glutamate excitotoxicity, which leads to cell survival.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles protect rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from glutamate-induced injury via a PI3K/Akt dependent pathway. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:922-31. [PMID: 24706151 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can protect neuronal cells from excitotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are still remaining elusive. In the study, we show that microvesicles released by rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBMSC-MVs) protect rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. BMSC-MVs upregulate Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, downregulate Bax expression, and reduce the cleavage of caspase-3 in glutamate-treated PC12 cells. Such protective effects are partially abrogated by inhibiting PI3K, indicating that rBMSC-MVs act via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Transplantation of rBMSC-MVs may, therefore, be a promising strategy to treat cerebral injury or some other neuronal diseases involving excitotoxicity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Deslauriers J, Desmarais C, Sarret P, Grignon S. Implication of the ERK/MAPK pathway in antipsychotics-induced dopamine D2 receptor upregulation and in the preventive effects of (±)-α-lipoic acid in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:378-83. [PMID: 24203573 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic administration of antipsychotics (APs) has been associated with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) upregulation and tardive dyskinesia. We previously showed that haloperidol, a first-generation AP, exerted a more robust increase in D2R expression than amisulpride, a second-generation AP and that (±)-α-lipoic acid pre-treatment reversed the AP-induced D2R upregulation. We also demonstrated that the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway is involved in the control of D2R expression levels, but is unlikely implicated in the preventive effects of (±)-α-lipoic acid since co-treatment with haloperidol and (±)-α-lipoic acid exerts synergistic effects on Akt/GSK-3β activation. These findings led us to examine whether the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in D2R upregulation elicited by APs, and in its reversal by (±)-α-lipoic acid, in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Our results revealed that haloperidol, in parallel with an elevation in D2R mRNA levels, induced a larger increase of ERK (p42/p44) phosphorylation than amisulpride. Pre-treatment with the selective ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated haloperidol-induced increase in D2R upregulation. Furthermore, (±)-α-lipoic acid prevented AP-induced ERK activation. These results show that (1) the ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in haloperidol-induced D2R upregulation; (2) the preventive effect of (±)-α-lipoic acid on haloperidol-induced D2R upregulation is in part mediated by an ERK/MAPK-dependent signaling cascade. Taken together, our data suggest that (±)-α-lipoic acid exerts synergistic effects with haloperidol on the Akt/GSK-3β pathway, potentially involved in the therapeutic effects of APs, and antagonism of ERK activation and D2R upregulation, potentially involved in tardive dyskinesia and treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deslauriers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ha JS, Kwon KS, Park SS. PI3Kγ contributes to MEK1/2 activation in oxidative glutamate toxicity via PDK1. J Neurochem 2013; 127:139-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Ha
- Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Majumder A, Banerjee S, Harrill JA, Machacek DW, Mohamad O, Bacanamwo M, Mundy WR, Wei L, Dhara SK, Stice SL. Neurotrophic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on neural cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2387-99. [PMID: 22899336 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Various growth factor cocktails have been used to proliferate and then differentiate human neural progenitor (NP) cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ESC) for in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been largely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate that LIF significantly enhanced in vitro survival and promoted differentiation of human ESC-derived NP cells. In NP cells, as well as NP-derived neurons, LIF reduced caspase-mediated apoptosis and reduced both spontaneous and H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species in culture. In vitro, NP cell proliferation and the yield of differentiated neurons were significantly higher in the presence of LIF. In NP cells, LIF enhanced cMyc phosphorylation, commonly associated with self-renewal/proliferation. Also, in differentiating NP cells LIF activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways, associated with cell survival and reduced apoptosis. When differentiated in LIF+ media, neurite outgrowth and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were potentiated together with increased expression of gp130, a component of the LIF receptor complex. NP cells, pretreated in vitro with LIF, were effective in reducing infarct volume in a model of focal ischemic stroke but LIF did not lead to significantly improved initial NP cell survival over nontreated NP cells. Our results show that LIF signaling significantly promotes human NP cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in vitro. Activated LIF signaling should be considered in cell culture expansion systems for future human NP cell-based therapeutic transplant studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Majumder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lewerenz J, Hewett SJ, Huang Y, Lambros M, Gout PW, Kalivas PW, Massie A, Smolders I, Methner A, Pergande M, Smith SB, Ganapathy V, Maher P. The cystine/glutamate antiporter system x(c)(-) in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:522-55. [PMID: 22667998 PMCID: PMC3545354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antiporter system x(c)(-) imports the amino acid cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, into cells with a 1:1 counter-transport of glutamate. It is composed of a light chain, xCT, and a heavy chain, 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc), and, thus, belongs to the family of heterodimeric amino acid transporters. Cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for the important antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and, along with cystine, it also forms a key redox couple on its own. Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). By phylogenetic analysis, we show that system x(c)(-) is a rather evolutionarily new amino acid transport system. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate system x(c)(-), including the transcriptional regulation of the xCT light chain, posttranscriptional mechanisms, and pharmacological inhibitors of system x(c)(-). Moreover, the roles of system x(c)(-) in regulating GSH levels, the redox state of the extracellular cystine/cysteine redox couple, and extracellular glutamate levels are discussed. In vitro, glutamate-mediated system x(c)(-) inhibition leads to neuronal cell death, a paradigm called oxidative glutamate toxicity, which has successfully been used to identify neuroprotective compounds. In vivo, xCT has a rather restricted expression pattern with the highest levels in the CNS and parts of the immune system. System x(c)(-) is also present in the eye. Moreover, an elevated expression of xCT has been reported in cancer. We highlight the diverse roles of system x(c)(-) in the regulation of the immune response, in various aspects of cancer and in the eye and the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guizani N, Waly MI. Mushroom extract protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in hepatic and neuronal human cultured cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:1069-1074. [PMID: 24261122 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.1069.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative stress agent that is associated with depletion of intracellular glutathione and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in different cell lines. Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods reduces cellular oxidative stress and its related health problems. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant properties of mushroom, Agaricus bisporous cultivar extract, against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in cultured human hepatic (HepG2) and neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells. In this study, hydrogen peroxide caused significant oxidative stress in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells as demonstrated by glutathione depletion, impairment of total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Agaricusbisporous extract ameliorated the observed hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative cellular insult as indicated by restoring the activity of glutathione and the assayed antioxidant enzymes to control levels. The results suggest that mushroom extract as antioxidant properties and protects against the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide-in cultured human hepatic and neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejib Guizani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34 Al- Khod, Postal Code 123, Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ha JS, Sung HY, Lim HM, Kwon KS, Park SS. PI3K-ERK1/2 activation contributes to extracellular H2O2 generation in amyloid β toxicity. Neurosci Lett 2012; 526:112-7. [PMID: 22925659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) induces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide generation, leading to neuronal death. Many studies have shown the involvement of NADPH oxidase, but the isotype-specific role was not assessed. Moreover, the activation status of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 is unclear in extracellular H2O2 generation. In this paper, we showed that Aβ1-42 induced extracellular H2O2 generation and the resulting cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Nox2- and Nox4-specific siRNAs suppressed H2O2 and superoxide generation. LY294002 and U0126, inhibitors of PI3K and ERK1/2, respectively, reduced H2O2 generation in concentration-dependent manners. Furthermore, PI3K activation is responsible for ERK1/2 phosphorylation. An additional increase in H2O2 generation and corresponding cytotoxicity was observed after treatment with Aβ1-42 and glutamate. These results suggest that Aβ1-42 enhances the neuronal vulnerability to oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by increasing H2O2 generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Ha
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Massey KJ, Hong NJ, Garvin JL. Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production in the thick ascending limb by activating NOX4. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C781-9. [PMID: 22875785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00457.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) in medullary thick ascending limbs (TALs). There are three isoforms of the catalytic subunit (NOX1, 2, and 4) known to be expressed in the kidney. We hypothesized that NOX2 mediates ANG II-induced O(2)(-) production by TALs. To test this, we measured NOX1, 2, and 4 mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot in TAL suspensions from rats and found three catalytic subunits expressed in the TAL. We measured O(2)(-) production using a lucigenin-based assay. To assess the contribution of NOX2, we measured ANG II-induced O(2)(-) production in wild-type and NOX2 knockout mice (KO). ANG II increased O(2)(-) production by 346 relative light units (RLU)/mg protein in the wild-type mice (n = 9; P < 0.0007 vs. control). In the knockout mice, ANG II increased O(2)(-) production by 290 RLU/mg protein (n = 9; P < 0.007 vs. control). This suggests that NOX2 does not contribute to ANG II-induced O(2)(-) production (P < 0.6 WT vs. KO). To test whether NOX4 mediates the effect of ANG II, we selectively decreased NOX4 expression in rats using an adenovirus that expresses NOX4 short hairpin (sh)RNA. Six to seven days after in vivo transduction of the kidney outer medulla, NOX4 mRNA was reduced by 77%, while NOX1 and NOX2 mRNA was unaffected. In control TALs, ANG II stimulated O(2)(-) production by 96%. In TALs transduced with NOX4 shRNA, ANG II-stimulated O(2)(-) production was not significantly different from the baseline. We concluded that NOX4 is the main catalytic isoform of NADPH oxidase that contributes to ANG II-stimulated O(2)(-) production by TALs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Massey
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Altenhöfer S, Kleikers PWM, Radermacher KA, Scheurer P, Rob Hermans JJ, Schiffers P, Ho H, Wingler K, Schmidt HHHW. The NOX toolbox: validating the role of NADPH oxidases in physiology and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2327-43. [PMID: 22648375 PMCID: PMC3383958 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals but also disease triggers; their relative excess (oxidative stress) or shortage (reductive stress) compared to reducing equivalents are potentially deleterious. This may explain why antioxidants fail to combat diseases that correlate with oxidative stress. Instead, targeting of disease-relevant enzymatic ROS sources that leaves physiological ROS signaling unaffected may be more beneficial. NADPH oxidases are the only known enzyme family with the sole function to produce ROS. Of the catalytic NADPH oxidase subunits (NOX), NOX4 is the most widely distributed isoform. We provide here a critical review of the currently available experimental tools to assess the role of NOX and especially NOX4, i.e. knock-out mice, siRNAs, antibodies, and pharmacological inhibitors. We then focus on the characterization of the small molecule NADPH oxidase inhibitor, VAS2870, in vitro and in vivo, its specificity, selectivity, and possible mechanism of action. Finally, we discuss the validation of NOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for indications including stroke, heart failure, and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Altenhöfer
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela W. M. Kleikers
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim A. Radermacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - J. J. Rob Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Schiffers
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Ho
- National Stroke Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kirstin Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harald H. H. W. Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Vascular Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao HM, Zhou H, Hong JS. NADPH oxidases: novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:295-303. [PMID: 22503440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key pathologic factor in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases (AD, PD). The failure of free-radical-scavenging antioxidants in clinical trials pinpoints an urgent need to identify and to block major sources of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. As a major superoxide-producing enzyme complex in activated phagocytes, phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX) is essential for host defense. However, recent preclinical evidence has underscored a pivotal role of overactivated PHOX in chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Deficiency in PHOX subunits mitigates neuronal damage induced by diverse insults/stresses relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. More importantly, suppression of PHOX activity correlates with reduced neuronal impairment in models of neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery of PHOX and non-phagocyte NADPH oxidases in astroglia and neurons further reinforces the crucial role of NADPH oxidases in oxidative stress-mediated chronic neurodegeneration. Thus, proper modulation of NADPH oxidase activity might hold therapeutic potential for currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Gao
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kawakami-Mori F, Shimosawa T, Mu S, Wang H, Ogura S, Yatomi Y, Fujita T. NADPH oxidase-mediated Rac1 GTP activity is necessary for nongenomic actions of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E425-32. [PMID: 22114025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in the central nervous system play important roles in spatial memory, fear memory, salt sensitivity, and hypertension. Corticosterone binds to MRs to induce presynaptic vesicle release and postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor aggregation, which are necessary for induction of long-term potentiation under psychological stress. On the other hand, cognitive dysfunction is an important problem clinically in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and cerebral infarction, and all of these conditions are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxidative stress has been shown to modify the genomic actions of MRs in the peripheral organs; however, there have been no reports until now about the relation between the nongenomic actions of MRs and ROS in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ROS and the nongenomic actions of MR. We examined the nongenomic actions of MR by measuring the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and found that ROS induced an additive increase of these potentials, which was accompanied by Rac1 GTP activation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. An NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, blocked the nongenomic actions of MRs. A Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766, was also found to block synaptic enhancement and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by NADPH and corticosterone. We concluded that NADPH oxidase activity and Rac1 GTP activity are indispensable for the nongenomic actions of MRs and that Rac1 GTP activation induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the brain.
Collapse
|