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Thavabalasingam S, Aashat S, Palombo DJ, Verfaellie M, Lee ACH. Investigating the impact of healthy aging on memory for temporal duration and order. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:75-96. [PMID: 36082443 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temporal information, including information about temporal order and duration, is a fundamental component of event sequence memory. While previous research has demonstrated that aging can have a detrimental effect on memory for temporal order, there has been limited insight into the effect of aging on memory for durations, particularly within the context of sequences. In the current study, neurologically healthy young and older participants were administered two temporal match-mismatch tasks: one in which they were instructed on each trial to compare the temporal order or duration information of stimulus sequences presented first in a study phase and then, after a short delay, in a test phase (event sequence task); and a second in which participants were required to compare single durations or sequences of durations across study and test phases of each trial (pinwheel task). Consistent with the literature, the older participants were significantly poorer compared to their younger counterparts at making temporal order match-mismatch judgments in the event sequence task. In addition to this, data from both tasks suggested that the older adults were also less accurate at match-mismatch judgments based on duration information, with tentative evidence from the pinwheel task to suggest that this age-related effect was most prominent when the duration information was presented within a sequence. We suggest that age-related changes to medial temporal and frontal lobe function may contribute to changes in memory for temporal information in older adults, given the importance of these regions to event sequence memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supreet Aashat
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gu BM, Kukreja K, Meck WH. Oscillation patterns of local field potentials in the dorsal striatum and sensorimotor cortex during the encoding, maintenance, and decision stages for the ordinal comparison of sub- and supra-second signal durations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 153:79-91. [PMID: 29778763 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ordinal comparison of successively presented signal durations requires (a) the encoding of the first signal duration (standard), (b) maintenance of temporal information specific to the standard duration in memory, and (c) timing of the second signal duration (comparison) during which a comparison is made of the first and second durations. Rats were first trained to make ordinal comparisons of signal durations within three time ranges using 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0-s standard durations. Local field potentials were then recorded from the dorsal striatum and sensorimotor cortex in order to investigate the pattern of neural oscillations during each phase of the ordinal-comparison process. Increased power in delta and theta frequency ranges was observed during both the encoding and comparison stages. Active maintenance of a selected response, "shorter" or "longer" (counter-balanced across left and right levers), was represented by an increase of theta and delta oscillations in the contralateral striatum and cortex. Taken together, these data suggest that neural oscillations in the delta-theta range play an important role in the encoding, maintenance, and comparison of signal durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Mi Gu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keshav Kukreja
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Warren H Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Turgeon M, Lustig C, Meck WH. Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:102. [PMID: 27242513 PMCID: PMC4870863 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the basic psychological and neurobiological processes associated with age-related distortions in timing and time perception in the hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. The difficulty in separating indirect effects of impairments in attention and memory from direct effects on timing mechanisms is addressed. The main premise is that normal aging is commonly associated with increased noise and temporal uncertainty as a result of impairments in attention and memory as well as the possible reduction in the accuracy and precision of a central timing mechanism supported by dopamine-glutamate interactions in cortico-striatal circuits. Pertinent to these findings, potential interventions that may reduce the likelihood of observing age-related declines in timing are discussed. Bayesian optimization models are able to account for the adaptive changes observed in time perception by assuming that older adults are more likely to base their temporal judgments on statistical inferences derived from multiple trials than on a single trial's clock reading, which is more susceptible to distortion. We propose that the timing functions assigned to the age-sensitive fronto-striatal network can be subserved by other neural networks typically associated with finely-tuned perceptuo-motor adjustments, through degeneracy principles (different structures serving a common function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Turgeon
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cindy Lustig
- Department of Psychology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
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Abstract
The ability to time intervals confers organisms, including humans, with many remarkable capabilities. A common method for studying interval timing is classification, in which a subject must indicate whether a given probe duration is nearer a previously learned short or long reference interval. This task is designed to reveal the probe duration that is equally likely to be labeled as short or long, known as the temporal bisection point. Studies have found that this bisection point is influenced by a variety of factors including the ratio of the target intervals, the spacing of the probe durations, the modalities of the stimuli, the attentional load, and the inter-trial duration. While several of these factors are thought to be mediated by memory effects, the prototypical classification task affords no opportunity to measure these memory effects directly. Here, we present a novel bisection task, termed the “Bisection by Classification and Production” (BiCaP) task, in which classification trials are interleaved with trials in which subjects must produce either the short or long referents or their midpoint. Using this method, we found a significant correlation between the means of the remembered referents and the bisection points for both classification and production trials. We then cross-validated the bisection points for production and classification trials by showing that they were not statistically differentiable. In addition to these population-level effects, we found within-subject evidence for co-variation across a session between the production bisection points and the means of the remembered referents. Finally, by using two sets of referent durations, we showed that only memory bias-corrected measures were consistent with a previously reported effect in which the ratio of the referents affects the location of the bisection point. These results suggest that memory effects should be considered in temporal tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Levy
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gu BM, van Rijn H, Meck WH. Oscillatory multiplexing of neural population codes for interval timing and working memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 48:160-85. [PMID: 25454354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interval timing and working memory are critical components of cognition that are supported by neural oscillations in prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuits. In this review, the properties of interval timing and working memory are explored in terms of behavioral, anatomical, pharmacological, and neurophysiological findings. We then describe the various neurobiological theories that have been developed to explain these cognitive processes - largely independent of each other. Following this, a coupled excitatory - inhibitory oscillation (EIO) model of temporal processing is proposed to address the shared oscillatory properties of interval timing and working memory. Using this integrative approach, we describe a hybrid model explaining how interval timing and working memory can originate from the same oscillatory processes, but differ in terms of which dimension of the neural oscillation is utilized for the extraction of item, temporal order, and duration information. This extension of the striatal beat-frequency (SBF) model of interval timing (Matell and Meck, 2000, 2004) is based on prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuit dynamics and has direct relevance to the pathophysiological distortions observed in time perception and working memory in a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Mi Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hedderik van Rijn
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Warren H Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Allman MJ, Teki S, Griffiths TD, Meck WH. Properties of the Internal Clock: First- and Second-Order Principles of Subjective Time. Annu Rev Psychol 2014; 65:743-71. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Allman
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823;
| | - Sundeep Teki
- Wellcome Trust Center for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG United Kingdom;
| | - Timothy D. Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Center for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG United Kingdom;
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH United Kingdom;
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701;
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Shi Z, Church RM, Meck WH. Bayesian optimization of time perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2013; 17:556-64. [PMID: 24139486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Merchant H, Harrington DL, Meck WH. Neural Basis of the Perception and Estimation of Time. Annu Rev Neurosci 2013; 36:313-36. [PMID: 23725000 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, México;
| | - Deborah L. Harrington
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161;
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701;
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Lustig C, Meck WH. Modality differences in timing and temporal memory throughout the lifespan. Brain Cogn 2011; 77:298-303. [PMID: 21843912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pleil KE, Cordes S, Meck WH, Williams CL. Rapid and acute effects of estrogen on time perception in male and female rats. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:63. [PMID: 22016725 PMCID: PMC3192991 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the rapid and acute effects of estradiol on time perception were investigated in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Because estradiol has been shown to increase striatal dopamine release, it may be able to modify time perception and timed performance by increasing the speed of an internal clock in a manner similar to indirect dopamine agonists such as amphetamine and cocaine. Two groups of females (neonatally estradiol-treated/adult ovariectomized and neonatally oil-treated/adult ovariectomized) and two groups of males (neonatally castrated and adult castrated) were trained in a 2 vs. 8-s duration bisection procedure and tested using intermediate signal durations. After obtaining oil-injected baseline psychometric functions over several days, rats were administered 5 μg of estradiol for 4 days and behaviorally evaluated 30 min following each injection. This oil-estradiol administration cycle was subsequently repeated three times following the re-establishment of baseline training. Results revealed significant sex differences in the initial baseline functions that were not modifiable by organizational hormones, with males' duration bisection functions shifted horizontally to the left of females'. Upon the first administration of estradiol, females, but not males, showed a significant, transient leftward shift in their bisection functions, indicative of an increase in clock speed. After extensive retraining in the duration bisection procedure, rats that were exposed to gonadal hormones during the first week of life showed a significant rightward shift in their bisection functions on the fourth day of estradiol administration during each cycle, suggesting a decrease in clock speed. Taken together, our results support the view that there are multiple mechanisms of estrogens' action in the striatum that modulate dopaminergic activity and are differentially organized by gonadal steroids during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Pleil
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Allman MJ, Meck WH. Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 135:656-77. [PMID: 21921020 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Distortions in time perception and timed performance are presented by a number of different neurological and psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism). As a consequence, the primary focus of this review is on factors that define or produce systematic changes in the attention, clock, memory and decision stages of temporal processing as originally defined by Scalar Expectancy Theory. These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed by Scalar Timing Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Allman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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New Perspectives on Vierordt’s Law: Memory-Mixing in Ordinal Temporal Comparison Tasks. MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF TIME AND TIME PERCEPTION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21478-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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