1
|
Petrucci AS, McCall C, Schofield G, Wardell V, Safi OK, Palombo DJ. The relationship between environmentally induced emotion and memory for a naturalistic virtual experience. Cogn Emot 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38635403 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2333067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Emotional stimuli (e.g. words, images) are often remembered better than neutral stimuli. However, little is known about how memory is affected by an environmentally induced emotional state (without any overtly emotional occurrences) - the focus of this study. Participants were randomly assigned to discovery (n = 305) and replication (n = 306) subsamples and viewed a desktop virtual environment before rating their emotions and completing objective (i.e. item, temporal-order, duration) and subjective (e.g. vividness, sensory detail, coherence) memory measures. In both samples, a Partial Least Squares Correlation analysis showed that an emotional state characterised by high negative emotion (i.e. threat, fear, anxiety) and arousal was reliably associated with better memory in both objective (i.e. item) and subjective (i.e. vividness and sensory detail) domains. No reliable associations were observed for any temporal memory measures (objective or subjective). Thus, an environmentally induced state of negative emotion corresponds with enhanced memory for indices of episodic memory pertaining to "what" happened, but not necessarily "when" it happened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria S Petrucci
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Guy Schofield
- Department of Theatre, Film, Television and Interactive Media, University of York, York, UK
| | - Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Omran K Safi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Safi OK, Shi Y, Madan CR, Lin T, Palombo DJ. The effects of emotion on retrospective duration memory using virtual reality. Psychol Res 2024; 88:974-986. [PMID: 38127114 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Our memories for temporal duration may be colored by the emotions we experience during an event. While emotion generally enhances some aspects of memory, temporal duration has been shown to be particularly susceptible to emotion-induced distortions. However, prior work has faced difficulty when studying this phenomenon, having to make some trade-offs on ecological validity or experimental control. Here, we sought to bridge this gap by studying the effects of emotion on temporal duration memory using virtual reality. In the present study, a final sample of 69 participants experienced a series of negative-emotional and neutral worlds within virtual reality. Following this, participants provided ratings of emotionality (arousal, valence, pleasantness) and retrospective duration estimates (i.e., remembered time). We hypothesized that negative events would be recalled as having a greater duration than neutral events (H1). We additionally hypothesized that negative, but not neutral, events would be recalled as being longer than the true duration (H2). The results supported H1 while failing to provide evidence in support of H2. Together, the results bolster the importance of emotion, especially negative emotion, in shaping how we remember the temporal unfolding of the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omran K Safi
- Departmentt of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yiran Shi
- Departmentt of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Tyler Lin
- Departmentt of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Departmentt of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thavabalasingam S, Aashat S, Palombo DJ, Verfaellie M, Lee ACH. Investigating the impact of healthy aging on memory for temporal duration and order. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2024; 31:75-96. [PMID: 36082443 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temporal information, including information about temporal order and duration, is a fundamental component of event sequence memory. While previous research has demonstrated that aging can have a detrimental effect on memory for temporal order, there has been limited insight into the effect of aging on memory for durations, particularly within the context of sequences. In the current study, neurologically healthy young and older participants were administered two temporal match-mismatch tasks: one in which they were instructed on each trial to compare the temporal order or duration information of stimulus sequences presented first in a study phase and then, after a short delay, in a test phase (event sequence task); and a second in which participants were required to compare single durations or sequences of durations across study and test phases of each trial (pinwheel task). Consistent with the literature, the older participants were significantly poorer compared to their younger counterparts at making temporal order match-mismatch judgments in the event sequence task. In addition to this, data from both tasks suggested that the older adults were also less accurate at match-mismatch judgments based on duration information, with tentative evidence from the pinwheel task to suggest that this age-related effect was most prominent when the duration information was presented within a sequence. We suggest that age-related changes to medial temporal and frontal lobe function may contribute to changes in memory for temporal information in older adults, given the importance of these regions to event sequence memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Supreet Aashat
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCall C, Schofield G, Halgarth D, Blyth G, Laycock A, Palombo DJ. The underwood project: A virtual environment for eliciting ambiguous threat. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4002-4017. [PMID: 36289179 PMCID: PMC10700233 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Threatening environments can be unpredictable in many different ways. The nature of threats, their timing, and their locations in a scene can all be uncertain, even when one is acutely aware of being at risk. Prior research demonstrates that both temporal unpredictability and spatial uncertainty of threats elicit a distinctly anxious psychological response. In the paradigm presented here, we further explore other facets of ambiguous threat via an environment in which there are no concrete threats, predictable or otherwise, but which nevertheless elicits a building sense of danger. By incorporating both psychological research and principles of emotional game design, we constructed this world and then tested its effects in three studies. In line with our goals, participants experienced the environment as creepy and unpredictable. Their subjective and physiological response to the world rose and fell in line with the presentation of ambiguously threatening ambient cues. Exploratory analyses further suggest that this ambiguously threatening experience influenced memory for the virtual world and its underlying narrative. Together the data demonstrate that naturalistic virtual worlds can effectively elicit a multifaceted experience of ambiguous threat with subjective and cognitive consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Guy Schofield
- School of Arts and Creative Technologies, University of York, York, UK
| | - Darel Halgarth
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Georgina Blyth
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Aaron Laycock
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Picon EL, Wardell V, Palombo DJ, Todd RM, Aziz B, Bedi S, Silverberg ND. Factors perpetuating functional cognitive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:988-1002. [PMID: 37602857 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-reported memory difficulties (forgetting familiar names, misplacing objects) often persist long after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), despite normal neuropsychological test performance. This clinical presentation may be a manifestation of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). Several mechanisms underlying FCD have been proposed, including metacognitive impairment, memory perfectionism, and misdirected attention, as well as depression or anxiety-related explanations. This study aims to explore these candidate perpetuating factors in mTBI, to advance our understanding of why memory symptoms frequently persist following mTBI. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 67 adults (n = 39 with mTBI mean = 25 months ago and n = 28 healthy controls). Participants completed standardized questionnaires (including the Functional Memory Disorder Inventory), a metacognitive task (to quantify discrepancies between their trial-by-trial accuracy and confidence), and a brief neuropsychological test battery. We assessed candidate mechanisms in two ways: (1) between-groups, comparing participants with mTBI to healthy controls, and (2) within-group, examining their associations with functional memory symptom severity (FMDI) in the mTBI group. RESULTS Participants with mTBI performed similarly to controls on objective measures of memory ability but reported experiencing much more frequent memory lapses in daily life. Contrary to expectations, metacognitive efficiency did not differentiate the mTBI and control groups and was not associated with functional memory symptoms. Memory perfectionism was strongly associated with greater functional memory symptoms among participants with mTBI but did not differ between groups when accounting for age. Depression and checking behaviors produced consistent results across between-groups and within-group analyses: these factors were greater in the mTBI group compared to the control group and were associated with greater functional memory symptoms within the mTBI group. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights promising (e.g., depression, checking behaviors) and unlikely (e.g., metacognitive impairment) mechanisms underlying functional memory symptoms after mTBI, to guide future research and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina L Picon
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca M Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bilal Aziz
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sanjana Bedi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanguay AFN, Palombo DJ, Love B, Glikstein R, Davidson PSR, Renoult L. The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory. eLife 2023; 12:e83645. [PMID: 37987578 PMCID: PMC10662951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common distinctions in long-term memory is that between semantic (i.e., general world knowledge) and episodic (i.e., recollection of contextually specific events from one's past). However, emerging cognitive neuroscience data suggest a surprisingly large overlap between the neural correlates of semantic and episodic memory. Moreover, personal semantic memories (i.e., knowledge about the self and one's life) have been studied little and do not easily fit into the standard semantic-episodic dichotomy. Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 48 participants verified statements concerning general facts, autobiographical facts, repeated events, and unique events. In multivariate analysis, all four types of memory involved activity within a common network bilaterally (e.g., frontal pole, paracingulate gyrus, medial frontal cortex, middle/superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, angular gyrus) and some areas of the medial temporal lobe. Yet the four memory types differentially engaged this network, increasing in activity from general to autobiographical facts, from autobiographical facts to repeated events, and from repeated to unique events. Our data are compatible with a component process model, in which declarative memory types rely on different weightings of the same elementary processes, such as perceptual imagery, spatial features, and self-reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annick FN Tanguay
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Brittany Love
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | | | | | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wardell V, Jameson T, Bontkes OJR, Le ML, Duan TY, St Jacques PL, Madan CR, Palombo DJ. Fade In, Fade Out: Do Shifts in Visual Perspective Predict the Consistency of Real-World Memories? Psychol Sci 2023; 34:932-946. [PMID: 37439721 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231180588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Memories of our personal past are not exact accounts of what occurred. Instead, memory reconstructs the past in adaptive-though not always faithful-ways. Using a naturalistic design, we asked how the visual perspective adopted in the mind's eye when recalling the past-namely, an "own eyes" versus "observer" perspective-relates to the stability of autobiographical memories. We hypothesized that changes in visual perspective over time would predict poorer consistency of memories. Young adults (N = 178) rated the phenomenology of and freely recalled self-selected memories of everyday events at two time points (10 weeks apart). Multilevel linear modeling revealed, as expected, that greater shifts in visual perspective over time predicted lower memory consistency, particularly for emotional details. Our results offer insight into the factors that predict the fidelity of memories for everyday events. Moreover, our results may elucidate new metrics that are useful in interpreting eyewitness testimony or experiences relayed in clinical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylyn Jameson
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - M Lindy Le
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | - Tz-Yu Duan
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
In a complex world, we are constantly faced with environmental stimuli that shape our moment-to-moment experiences. But just as rich and complex as the external world is the internal milieu-our imagination. Imagination offers a powerful vehicle for playing out hypothetical experiences in the mind's eye. It allows us to mentally time travel to behold what the future might bring, including our greatest desires or fears. Indeed, imagined experiences tend to be emotion-laden. How and why are humans capable of this remarkable feat? Based on psychological findings, we highlight the importance of imagination for emotional aspects of cognition and behavior, namely in the generation and regulation of emotions. Based on recent cognitive neuroscience work, we identify putative neural networks that are most critical for emotional imagination, with a major focus on the default mode network. Finally, we briefly highlight the possible functional implications of individual differences in imagination. Overall, we hope to address why humans have the capacity to simulate hypothetical emotional experiences and how this ability can be harnessed in adaptive (and sometimes maladaptive) ways. We end by discussing open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle M Cocquyt
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palombo DJ, Jones D, Strang C, Verfaellie M. Verbal recall in amnesia: Does scene construction matter? Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108543. [PMID: 36931459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a critical role in episodic memory and imagination. One theoretical model posits that the hippocampus is important for scene construction, namely, the ability to conjure and maintain a scene-based representation in one's mind. To test one idea put forth by this view, we examined whether amnesia is associated with more severe impairment in memory when the to-be-remembered content places high demands on scene construction. To do so, we examined free recall performance for abstract (i.e., low scene imagery) and concrete, high scene-imagery single words in seven amnesic patients with hippocampal lesions and concomitant scene-construction deficits, and compared their performance to demographically matched healthy controls. As expected, amnesic patients were severely impaired in their free recall performance; however, their impairment did not differ as a function of word type. That is, their impairment was equally severe for words that evoke high versus low scene imagery. These findings suggest that the role of the hippocampus in verbal memory extends to content that does not place high demands on scene construction. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominoe Jones
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA
| | - Caroline Strang
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gawryluk JR, Palombo DJ, Curran J, Parker A, Carlsten C. Correction: Brief diesel exhaust exposure acutely impairs functional brain connectivity in humans: a randomized controlled crossover study. Environ Health 2023; 22:10. [PMID: 36683052 PMCID: PMC9869498 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jason Curran
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Lung Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Lung Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tuen YJ, Bulley A, Palombo DJ, O'Connor BB. Social value at a distance: Higher identification with all of humanity is associated with reduced social discounting. Cognition 2023; 230:105283. [PMID: 36209687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
How much we value the welfare of others has critical implications for the collective good. Yet, it is unclear what leads people to make more or less equal decisions about the welfare of those from whom they are socially distant. The current research sought to explore the psychological mechanisms that might underlie welfare judgements across social distance. Here, a social discounting paradigm was used to measure the tendency for the value of a reward to be discounted as the social distance of its recipient increased. Across two cohorts (one discovery, one replication), we found that a more expansive identity with all of humanity was associated with reduced social discounting. Additionally, we investigated the specificity of this association by examining whether this relationship extended to delay discounting, the tendency for the value of a reward to be discounted as the temporal distance to its receipt increases. Our findings suggest that the observed association with identity was unique to social discounting, thus underscoring a distinction in value-based decision-making processes across distances in time and across social networks. As data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we also considered how stress associated with this global threat might influence welfare judgements across social distances. We found that, even after controlling for COVID-19 related stress, correlations between identity and social discounting held. Together, these findings elucidate the psychological processes that are associated with a more equal distribution of generosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ji Tuen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Adam Bulley
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett Street Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Brendan Bo O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, University of Albany (SUNY), Social Science 399, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ballance BC, Tuen YJ, Petrucci AS, Orwig W, Safi OK, Madan CR, Palombo DJ. Imagining emotional events benefits future-oriented decisions. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 75:2332-2348. [PMID: 35225089 PMCID: PMC9619259 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221086637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
How does imagining future events-whether positive or negative-influence our choices in the present? Prior work has shown the simulation of hypothetical future events, dubbed episodic future thinking, can alter the propensity to engage in delay discounting (the tendency to devalue future rewards) and does so in a valence-specific manner. Some research shows that positive episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting, whereas negative future thinking augments it. However, more recent research indicates that both positive and negative episodic future thinking reduce delay discounting, suggesting an effect of episodic future thinking that is independent of valence. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend these latter findings. Here, participants (N = 604; N = 572 after exclusions) completed an online study. In the baseline task, participants completed a delay discounting task. In the experimental task, they engaged in episodic future thinking before completing a second delay discounting task. Participants were randomly assigned to engage in either positive, neutral, or negative episodic future thinking. In accordance with Bulley et al., we found that episodic future thinking, regardless of valence, reduced delay discounting. Although episodic future thinking shifted decision-making in all conditions, the effect was stronger when participants engaged in positive episodic future thinking, even after accounting for personal relevance and vividness of imagined events. These findings suggest that episodic future thinking may promote future-oriented choices by contextualising the future, and this effect is further strengthened when the future is tied to positive emotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braedon C Ballance
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Young Ji Tuen
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aria S Petrucci
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Orwig
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Omran K Safi
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ho S, Liu P, Palombo DJ, Handy TC, Krebs C. The role of spatial ability in mixed reality learning with the HoloLens. Anat Sci Educ 2022; 15:1074-1085. [PMID: 34694737 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixed reality in science education has been increasing and as such it has become more important to understand how information is learned in these virtual environments. Spatial ability is important in many learning contexts, but especially in neuroanatomy education where learning the locations and spatial relationships between brain regions is paramount. It is currently unclear what role spatial ability plays in mixed reality learning environments, and whether it is different compared to traditional physical environments. To test this, a learning experiment was conducted where students learned neuroanatomy using both mixed reality and a physical plastic model of a brain (N = 27). Spatial ability was assessed and analyzed to determine its effect on performance across the two learning modalities. The results showed that spatial ability facilitated learning in mixed reality (β = 0.21, P = 0.003), but not when using a plastic model (β = 0.08, P = 0.318). A non-significant difference was observed between the modalities in terms of knowledge test performance (d = 0.39, P = 0.052); however, mixed reality was more engaging (d = 0.59, P = 0.005) and learners were more confident in the information they learned compared to using a physical model (d = 0.56, P = 0.007). Overall, these findings suggest that spatial ability is more relevant in virtual learning environments, where the ability to manipulate and interact with an object is diminished or abstracted through a virtual user interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pu Liu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Krebs
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stewardson CI, Hunsche MC, Wardell V, Palombo DJ, Kerns CM. Episodic memory through a social and emotional lens. Emotion 2022; 23:961-972. [PMID: 36048038 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Negative emotion enhances item memory but may reduce associative memory. Social information may also enhance memory, yet how social and emotional cues combine to affect memory for focal and surrounding details is unknown. Gender differences may also exist, but whether women and men encode and remember negative and social information differently is unclear. This study examines how social information contributes to or interacts with emotion to influence item and associative memory, and whether gender plays a role in how social and/or emotional information is recognized. Discovery and replication samples (N = 706) were recruited. Stimuli included (1) images with varying social and emotional content categorized into four conditions: negative social, negative nonsocial, neutral social, neutral nonsocial and (2) neutral images of objects paired with target stimuli to assess associative memory. Participants viewed the image pairings (Encoding). Twenty-four hours later, item and associative recognition memory were tested. Item recognition memory was better for negative vs. neutral and social vs. nonsocial images. By contrast, associative recognition memory was worse for negative vs. neutral, but better for social vs. nonsocial images. Finally, women demonstrated similar item memory performance compared to men but better associative recognition memory performance overall compared to men. Emotional and social cues impart distinct effects on how we form holistic episodic memories, highlighting the importance of considering these critical factors when striving to understand how and what we remember. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
15
|
Wardell V, Grilli MD, Palombo DJ. Simulating the best and worst of times: the powers and perils of emotional simulation. Memory 2022; 30:1212-1225. [PMID: 35708272 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2088796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We are remarkably capable of simulating events that we have never experienced. These simulated events often paint an emotional picture to behold, such as the best and worst possible outcomes that we might face. This review synthesises dispersed literature exploring the role of emotion in simulation. Drawing from work that suggests that simulations can influence our preferences, decision-making, and prosociality, we argue for a critical role of emotion in informing the consequences of simulation. We further unpack burgeoning evidence suggesting that the effects of emotional simulation transcend the laboratory. We propose avenues by which emotional simulation may be harnessed for both personal and collective good in applied contexts. We conclude by offering important future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patt VM, Palombo DJ, Esterman M, Verfaellie M. Hippocampal Contribution to Probabilistic Feedback Learning: Modeling Observation- and Reinforcement-based Processes. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1429-1446. [PMID: 35604353 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple probabilistic reinforcement learning is recognized as a striatum-based learning system, but in recent years, has also been associated with hippocampal involvement. This study examined whether such involvement may be attributed to observation-based learning (OL) processes, running in parallel to striatum-based reinforcement learning. A computational model of OL, mirroring classic models of reinforcement-based learning (RL), was constructed and applied to the neuroimaging data set of Palombo, Hayes, Reid, and Verfaellie (2019). Hippocampal contributions to value-based learning: Converging evidence from fMRI and amnesia. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 19(3), 523-536. Results suggested that OL processes may indeed take place concomitantly to reinforcement learning and involve activation of the hippocampus and central orbitofrontal cortex. However, rather than independent mechanisms running in parallel, the brain correlates of the OL and RL prediction errors indicated collaboration between systems, with direct implication of the hippocampus in computations of the discrepancy between the expected and actual reinforcing values of actions. These findings are consistent with previous accounts of a role for the hippocampus in encoding the strength of observed stimulus-outcome associations, with updating of such associations through striatal reinforcement-based computations. In addition, enhanced negative RL prediction error signaling was found in the anterior insula with greater use of OL over RL processes. This result may suggest an additional mode of collaboration between the OL and RL systems, implicating the error monitoring network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Patt
- VA Boston Healthcare System, MA.,Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | | | - Michael Esterman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, MA.,Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- VA Boston Healthcare System, MA.,Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rioux M, Wardell V, Palombo DJ, Picon EL, Le ML, Silverberg ND. Memory for forgetting in adults with persistent symptoms following concussion. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:19-30. [PMID: 35536243 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2067326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent memory complaints following concussion often do not coincide with evidence of objective memory impairment. To the extent this clinical presentation represents Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD), we would expect preservation or even enhancement of memory for instances of forgetting, based on two lines of prior evidence. First, emotional arousal enhances autobiographical memory. People who experience memory lapses as worrisome may better remember them. Second, individuals with FCD can paradoxically provide detailed accounts of memory lapses compared to patients with neurodegenerative disease, who tend to provide vague examples. The current study aimed to better characterize the recall of forgetting events in people with subjective memory problems following concussion. METHODS The study sample consisted of adults with chronic post-concussion symptoms (N = 37, M = 42.7 years old; 70.27% women; M = 24.9 months post-injury) and normal-range performance on conventional neuropsychological tests. Participants completed a measure of memory complaint severity and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AI was used to quantify the richness of narrative recollections of recent instances when they forgot something and (control) personal events that did not involve forgetting. Linear regression modeling assessed the relationship between memory complaint severity and AI variables, including narrative details, valence, arousal, and rehearsal of memories. RESULTS There was no association between memory complaint severity and memory for forgetting vs. control events. We further found no association between memory complaint severity and AI performance overall (collapsing across forgetting and control events). Participants with greater memory complaints experienced past memory lapses as more negative than control memories, but did not consistently differ on other AI phenomenological variables. CONCLUSION Autobiographical recall of memory lapses appears preserved but not selectively heightened in people who report experiencing severe memory problems long after concussion. This inconsistency supports conceptualization of persistent memory complaints after concussion as FCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Rioux
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwina L Picon
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Lindy Le
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dev DK, Wardell V, Checknita KJ, Te AA, Petrucci AS, Le ML, Madan CR, Palombo DJ. Negative emotion enhances memory for the sequential unfolding of a naturalistic experience. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/mac0000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Picon EL, Todorova EV, Palombo DJ, Perez DL, Howard AK, Silverberg ND. OUP accepted manuscript. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1177-1184. [PMID: 35443277 PMCID: PMC9396453 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of persistent memory complaints after concussion is poorly understood. Memory perfectionism (highly valuing memory ability and intolerance of minor memory lapses) may help explain why some people report persistent subjective memory problems in the absence of corresponding objective memory impairment. This study investigated the relationship between memory perfectionism and persistent memory complaints after concussion. METHODS Secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Adults (N = 77; 61% women) with persistent symptoms following concussion were recruited from outpatient specialty clinics. Participants completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery, Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1, and questionnaires measuring memory perfectionism (Metamemory in Adulthood-Achievement subscale), forgetfulness and other postconcussion symptoms (Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire; RPQ), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) at M = 17.8 weeks postinjury. Patients with versus without severe memory complaints (based on the RPQ) were compared. RESULTS Memory perfectionism was associated cross-sectionally with severe memory complaint, after controlling for objective memory ability, overall cognitive ability, and depression (95% confidence interval for odds ratio = 1.11-1.40). Sensitivity analyses showed that this relationship did not depend on use of specific objective memory tests nor on inclusion of participants who failed performance validity testing. In a control comparison to test the specificity of identified relationships, memory perfectionism was not associated with severe fatigue (95% confidence interval for odds ratio = 0.91-1.07). CONCLUSIONS Memory perfectionism may be a risk factor for persistent memory symptoms after concussion, with potential relevance to the spectrum of functional cognitive disorders more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina L Picon
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evgenia V Todorova
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David L Perez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew K Howard
- Department of Psychiatry, British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 3505-2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. Tel.: 604-734-1313 ext. 2316; Fax: 604-714-4168E-mail address: (N.D. Silverberg)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wardell V, Madan CR, Jameson TJ, Cocquyt CM, Checknita K, Liu H, Palombo DJ. How emotion influences the details recalled in autobiographical memory. Appl Cognit Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wardell
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - Taylyn J. Jameson
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Chantelle M. Cocquyt
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Katherine Checknita
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hallie Liu
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Daniela J. Palombo
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Spatiotemporal context is an intrinsic aspect of episodic memory. Although a large literature has demonstrated that emotion enhances episodic memory, less research has considered whether and how emotion affects memory for the timing of an experience, despite theoretical and practical importance. In this review, we bridge three heavily researched cognitive domains - memory, emotion, and time - by discussing findings from a burgeoning literature on their intersection. We identify and review two broad ways in which memory for time has been conceptualised in the emotional memory literature, namely (1) memory for relative aspects of event timing ("when" an event detail occurred), which includes studies of temporal-order and source memory; and (2) memory for the time that elapsed during an event ("how long"), which includes studies of retrospective duration estimation. Emerging trends demonstrate that although temporal-order memory can be impaired or enhanced by emotion depending on study demands, temporal source memory, instead, is usually enhanced. Studies of duration memory show that the remembered duration of negative experiences is dilated, but it is less clear how duration memory is affected for positive events. These findings are considered under the lens of broader emotional memory literature theories, and directions for future research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria S Petrucci
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Palombo DJ, Elizur L, Tuen YJ, Te AA, Madan CR. Transfer of negative valence in an episodic memory task. Cognition 2021; 217:104874. [PMID: 34390888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emotion can color what we perceive and subsequently remember in myriad ways. Indeed, it is well established that emotion enhances some aspects of memory, while impairing others. For example, a number of recent episodic memory studies show that emotion-particularly negative emotion-weakens associative memory, including item-item associations. Other literature shows that emotion biases our later attitudes and preferences. That is, the coincident pairing of a negative stimulus with a neutral one can reduce one's preference for that neutral stimulus upon subsequent encounter-a 'transfer of valence' effect. In an effort to connect these two phenomena, here we ask if and under what circumstances they co-occur. Across multiple experiments, we show that negative emotion impairs associative memory for item-item pairings, in accordance with prior work. We also show a transfer of valence effect in this paradigm, such that items paired with negative versus neutral stimuli are subsequently rated as less pleasant. Our data further show that transfer of valence is contingent on episodic memory. These findings highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of emotional effects on memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Leor Elizur
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Young Ji Tuen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alessandra A Te
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Palombo DJ, Te AA, Checknita KJ, Madan CR. Exploring the Facets of Emotional Episodic Memory: Remembering "What," "When," and "Which". Psychol Sci 2021; 32:1104-1114. [PMID: 34160303 PMCID: PMC8641128 DOI: 10.1177/0956797621991548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our memories can differ in quality from one event to the next, and emotion is one important explanatory factor. Still, the manner in which emotion impacts episodic memory is complex: Whereas emotion enhances some aspects of episodic memory-particularly central aspects-it dampens memory for peripheral/contextual information. Extending previous work, we examined the effects of emotion on one often overlooked aspect of memory, namely, temporal context. We tested whether emotion would impair memory for when an event occurred. Participants (N = 116 adults) watched videos wherein negative and neutral images were inserted. Consistent with prior work, results showed that emotion enhanced and impaired memory, respectively, for "what" and "which." Unexpectedly, emotion was associated with enhanced accuracy for "when": We found that participants estimated that neutral images occurred relatively later, but there was no such bias for negative images. By examining multiple features of episodic memory, we provide a holistic characterization of the myriad effects of emotion.
Collapse
|
24
|
Palombo DJ, Patt VM, Hunsberger R, Verfaellie M. Probabilistic value learning in medial temporal lobe amnesia. Hippocampus 2021; 31:461-468. [PMID: 33638580 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A prevailing view in cognitive neuroscience suggests that different forms of learning are mediated by dissociable memory systems, with a mesolimbic (i.e., midbrain and basal ganglia) system supporting incremental trial-and-error reinforcement learning and a hippocampal-based system supporting episodic memory. Yet, growing evidence suggests that the hippocampus may also be important for trial-and-error learning, particularly value or reward-based learning. In the present report, we use a lesion-based neuropsychological approach to clarify hippocampal contributions to such learning. Six amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe damage and a group of healthy controls were administered a simple value-based learning task involving probabilistic trial-and-error acquisition of stimulus-response-outcome (reward or none) contingencies modeled after Li et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2011, 108 (1), 55-60). As predicted, patients were significantly impaired on the task, demonstrating reduced learning of the contingencies. Our results provide further supportive evidence that the hippocampus' role in cognition extends beyond episodic memory tasks and call for further refinement of theoretical models of hippocampal functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginie M Patt
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mieke Verfaellie
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Palombo DJ, Cocquyt C. Emotion in Context: Remembering When. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:687-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Petrican R, Palombo DJ, Sheldon S, Levine B. The Neural Dynamics of Individual Differences in Episodic Autobiographical Memory. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0531-19.2020. [PMID: 32060035 PMCID: PMC7171291 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0531-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to mentally travel to specific events from one's past, dubbed episodic autobiographical memory (E-AM), contributes to adaptive functioning. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying its typical interindividual variation remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we capitalize on existing evidence that successful performance on E-AM tasks draws on the ability to visualize past episodes and reinstate their unique spatiotemporal context. Hence, here, we test whether features of the brain's functional architecture relevant to perceptual versus conceptual processes shape individual differences in both self-rated E-AM and laboratory-based episodic memory (EM) for random visual scene sequences (visual EM). We propose that superior subjective E-AM and visual EM are associated with greater similarity in static neural organization patterns, potentially indicating greater efficiency in switching, between rest and mental states relevant to encoding perceptual information. Complementarily, we postulate that impoverished subjective E-AM and visual EM are linked to dynamic brain organization patterns implying a predisposition towards semanticizing novel perceptual information. Analyses were conducted on resting state and task-based fMRI data from 329 participants (160 women) in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) who completed visual and verbal EM assessments, and an independent gender diverse sample (N = 59) who self-rated their E-AM. Interindividual differences in subjective E-AM were linked to the same neural mechanisms underlying visual, but not verbal, EM, in general agreement with the hypothesized static and dynamic brain organization patterns. Our results suggest that higher E-AM entails more efficient processing of temporally extended information sequences, whereas lower E-AM entails more efficient semantic or gist-based processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute and Departments of Psychology and Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tanguay AFN, Palombo DJ, Atance CM, Renoult L, Davidson PSR. Scrutinizing the grey areas of declarative memory: Do the self-reference and temporal orientation of a trait knowledge task modulate the Late Positive Component (LPC)? Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107444. [PMID: 32246950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the future self may engage cognitive processes typically ascribed to episodic memory, such as awareness of the future self as an extension of the current self (i.e., autonoetic awareness) and the construction of future events. In a prior study (Tanguay et al., 2018), temporal orientation influenced the Late Positive Component (LPC), an ERP correlate of recollection. The LPC amplitude for present traits was intermediate between semantic and episodic memory, whereas thinking about one's future traits produced a larger LPC amplitude that was similar to episodic memory. Here, we examined further the effect of temporal orientation on the LPC amplitude and investigated if it was influenced by whether knowledge concerns the self or another person, with the proximity of the other being considered. Participants verified whether traits (e.g., Enthusiastic) were true of themselves and the "other," both now and in the future. Proximity of the other person was manipulated between subjects, such that participants either thought about the typical traits of a close friend (n = 31), or those of their age group more broadly (n = 35). Self-reference and temporal orientation interacted: The LPC amplitude for future knowledge was larger than for present knowledge, but only for the self. This effect of temporal orientation was not observed when participants thought about the traits of other people. The proximity of the other person did not modify these effects. Future-oriented cognition can engage different cognitive processes depending on self-reference; knowledge about the personal future increased the LPC amplitude unlike thinking about the future of other people. Our findings strengthen the notion of self-knowledge as a grey area between semantic and episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annick F N Tanguay
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Palombo DJ, Reid AG, Thavabalasingam S, Hunsberger R, Lee ACH, Verfaellie M. The Human Medial Temporal Lobe Is Necessary for Remembering Durations within a Sequence of Events but Not Durations of Individual Events. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:497-507. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent interest in the role of the hippocampus in temporal aspects of cognition has been fueled, in part, by the observation of “time” cells in the rodent hippocampus—that is, cells that have differential firing patterns depending on how long ago an event occurred. Such cells are thought to provide an internal representation of elapsed time. Yet, the hippocampus is not needed for processing temporal duration information per se, at least on the order of seconds, as evidenced by intact duration judgments in rodents and humans with hippocampal damage. Rather, it has been proposed that the hippocampus may be essential for coding higher order aspects of temporal mnemonic processing, such as those needed to temporally organize a sequence of events that form an episode. To examine whether (1) the hippocampus uses duration information in the service of establishing temporal relations among events and (2) its role in memory for duration is unique to sequences, we tested amnesic patients with medial-temporal lobe damage (including the hippocampus). We hypothesized that medial-temporal lobe damage should impair the ability to remember sequential duration information but leave intact judgments about duration devoid of a sequential demand. We found that amnesics were impaired in making judgments about durations within a sequence but not in judging single durations. This impairment was not due to higher cognitive load associated with duration judgments about sequences. In convergence with rodent and human fMRI work, these findings shed light on how time coding in the hippocampus may contribute to temporal cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J. Palombo
- VA Boston Healthcare System
- Boston University School of Medicine
- University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Andy C. H. Lee
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Olsen RK, Carr VA, Daugherty AM, La Joie R, Amaral RS, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Bakker A, Bender AR, Berron D, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Chakravarty MM, Chételat G, de Flores R, DeKraker J, Ding SL, Geerlings MI, Huang Y, Insausti R, Johnson EG, Kanel P, Kedo O, Kennedy KM, Keresztes A, Lee JK, Lindenberger U, Mueller SG, Mulligan EM, Ofen N, Palombo DJ, Pasquini L, Pluta J, Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Schlichting ML, Lee Shing Y, Stark CE, Steve TA, Suthana NA, Wang L, Werkle-Bergner M, Yushkevich PA, Yu Q, Wisse LE. Progress update from the hippocampal subfields group. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2019; 11:439-449. [PMID: 31245529 PMCID: PMC6581847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterogeneity of segmentation protocols for medial temporal lobe regions and hippocampal subfields on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging hinders the ability to integrate findings across studies. We aim to develop a harmonized protocol based on expert consensus and histological evidence. METHODS Our international working group, funded by the EU Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), is working toward the production of a reliable, validated, harmonized protocol for segmentation of medial temporal lobe regions. The working group uses a novel postmortem data set and online consensus procedures to ensure validity and facilitate adoption. RESULTS This progress report describes the initial results and milestones that we have achieved to date, including the development of a draft protocol and results from the initial reliability tests and consensus procedures. DISCUSSION A harmonized protocol will enable the standardization of segmentation methods across laboratories interested in medial temporal lobe research worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna K. Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A. Carr
- Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert S.C. Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Hospital Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David Berron
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Burggren
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Hospital Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Université Normandie, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S U1237, Caen, France
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- Université Normandie, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S U1237, Caen, France
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Robarts Research Institute, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olga Kedo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joshua K. Lee
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Max Planck – University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany and London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne G. Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniela J. Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Pluta
- Division of Translational Medicine and Genomics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Yee Lee Shing
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A. Steve
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nanthia A. Suthana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qijing Yu
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laura E.M. Wisse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bakkour A, Palombo DJ, Zylberberg A, Kang YH, Reid A, Verfaellie M, Shadlen MN, Shohamy D. The hippocampus supports deliberation during value-based decisions. eLife 2019; 8:46080. [PMID: 31268419 PMCID: PMC6693920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choosing between two items involves deliberation and comparison of the features of each item and its value. Such decisions take more time when choosing between options of similar value, possibly because these decisions require more evidence, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We propose that the hippocampus supports deliberation about value, given its well-known role in prospection and relational cognition. We assessed the role of the hippocampus in deliberation in two experiments. First, using fMRI in healthy participants, we found that BOLD activity in the hippocampus increased as a function of deliberation time. Second, we found that patients with hippocampal damage exhibited more stochastic choices and longer reaction times than controls, possibly due to their failure to construct value-based or internal evidence during deliberation. Both sets of results were stronger in value-based decisions compared to perceptual decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Bakkour
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Ariel Zylberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Yul Hr Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Allison Reid
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Michael N Shadlen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Palombo DJ, Di Lascio JM, Howard MW, Verfaellie M. Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia Is Associated with a Deficit in Recovering Temporal Context. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 31:236-248. [PMID: 30240314 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Medial-temporal lobe (MTL) lesions are associated with severe impairments in episodic memory. In the framework of the temporal context model, the hypothesized mechanism for episodic memory is the reinstatement of a prior experienced context (i.e., "jump back in time"), which relies upon the MTL [Howard, M. W., Fotedar, M. S., Datey, A. V., & Hasselmo, M. E. The temporal context model in spatial navigation and relational learning: Toward a common explanation of medial temporal lobe function across domains. Psychological Review, 112, 75-116, 2005]. This hypothesis has proven difficult to test in amnesia because of the floor-level performance by patients in recall tasks. To circumvent this issue, in this study, we used a "looped-list" format, in which a set of verbal stimuli was presented multiple times in a consistent order. This allowed for comparison of statistical properties such as probability of first recall and lag-conditional response probability (lag-CRP) between amnesic patients and healthy controls. Results revealed that the lag-CRP, but not the probability of first recall, is altered in amnesia, suggesting a selective disruption of temporal contiguity. To further characterize the results, we fit a scale-invariant version of the temporal context model [Howard, M. W., Shankar, K. H., Aue, W. R., & Criss, A. H. A distributed representation of internal time. Psychological Review, 122, 24-53, 2015] to the probability of first recall and lag-CRP curves. The modeling results suggested that the deficit in temporal contiguity in amnesia is best described as a failure to recover temporal context. These results provide the first direct evidence for an impairment in a jump-back-in-time mechanism in patients with MTL amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mieke Verfaellie
- VA Boston Healthcare System.,Boston University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Palombo DJ, Sheldon S, Levine B. Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:583-597. [PMID: 29807853 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Palombo DJ, Hayes SM, Peterson KM, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Episodic Future Thinking: Scene Construction or Future Projection? Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:447-458. [PMID: 27913433 PMCID: PMC5965081 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the medial temporal lobes (MTL) are more strongly engaged when individuals think about the future than about the present, leading to the suggestion that future projection drives MTL engagement. However, future thinking tasks often involve scene processing, leaving open the alternative possibility that scene-construction demands, rather than future projection, are responsible for the MTL differences observed in prior work. This study explores this alternative account. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we directly contrasted MTL activity in 1) high scene-construction and low scene-construction imagination conditions matched in future thinking demands and 2) future-oriented and present-oriented imagination conditions matched in scene-construction demands. Consistent with the alternative account, the MTL was more active for the high versus low scene-construction condition. By contrast, MTL differences were not observed when comparing the future versus present conditions. Moreover, the magnitude of MTL activation was associated with the extent to which participants imagined a scene but was not associated with the extent to which participants thought about the future. These findings help disambiguate which component processes of imagination specifically involve the MTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Palombo
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - S M Hayes
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - K M Peterson
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - M M Keane
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - M Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Palombo DJ, Bacopulos A, Amaral RSC, Olsen RK, Todd RM, Anderson AK, Levine B. Episodic autobiographical memory is associated with variation in the size of hippocampal subregions. Hippocampus 2018; 28:69-75. [PMID: 29171926 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Striking individual differences exist in the human capacity to recollect past events, yet, little is known about the neural correlates of such individual differences. Studies investigating hippocampal volume in relation to individual differences in laboratory measures of episodic memory in young adults suggest that whole hippocampal volume is unrelated (or even negatively associated) with episodic memory. However, anatomical and functional specialization across hippocampal subregions suggests that individual differences in episodic memory may be linked to particular hippocampal subregions, as opposed to whole hippocampal volume. Given that the DG/CA2/3 circuitry is thought to be especially critical for supporting episodic memory in humans, we predicted that the volume of this region would be associated with individual variability in episodic memory. This prediction was supported using high-resolution MRI of the hippocampal subfields and measures of real-world (autobiographical) episodic memory. In addition to the association with DG/CA2/3 , we further observed a relationship between episodic autobiographical memory and subiculum volume, whereas no association was observed with CA1 or with whole hippocampal volume. These findings provide insight into the possible neural substrates that mediate individual differences in real-world episodic remembering in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Palombo
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02130.,Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Agnes Bacopulos
- Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Robert S C Amaral
- McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.,University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Rebecca M Todd
- University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Adam K Anderson
- Cornell University, 163 Human Ecology Building, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.,University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Schwarz NF, Nordstrom LK, Pagen LHG, Palombo DJ, Salat DH, Milberg WP, McGlinchey RE, Leritz EC. Differential associations of metabolic risk factors on cortical thickness in metabolic syndrome. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:98-108. [PMID: 29062686 PMCID: PMC5641920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. While sizable prior literature has examined associations between individual risk factors and quantitative measures of cortical thickness (CT), only very limited research has investigated such measures in MetS. Furthermore, the relative contributions of these risk factors to MetS-related effects on brain morphology have not yet been studied. The primary goal of this investigation was to examine how MetS may affect CT. A secondary goal was to explore the relative contributions of individual risk factors to regional alterations in CT, with the potential to identify risk factor combinations that may underlie structural changes. Methods Eighteen participants with MetS (mean age = 59.78 years) were age-matched with 18 healthy control participants (mean age = 60.50 years). CT measures were generated from T1-weighted images and groups were contrasted using whole-brain general linear modeling. A follow-up multivariate partial least squares correlation (PLS) analysis, including the full study sample with complete risk factor measurements (N = 53), was employed to examine which risk factors account for variance in group structural differences. Results Participants with MetS demonstrated significantly reduced CT in left hemisphere inferior parietal, rostral middle frontal, and lateral occipital clusters and in a right hemisphere precentral cluster. The PLS analysis revealed that waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and glucose were significant contributors to reduced CT in these clusters. In contrast, diastolic blood pressure showed a significantly positive association with CT while systolic blood pressure did not emerge as a significant contributor. Age was not associated with CT. Conclusion These results indicate that MetS can be associated with regionally specific reductions in CT. Importantly, a novel link between a risk factor profile comprising indices of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and diastolic BP and localized alterations in CT emerged. While the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood, these findings may be relevant for future investigations of MetS and might have implications for treatment approaches that focus on specific risk factor profiles with the aim to reduce negative consequences on the structural integrity of the brain. Cortical thickness is reduced bilaterally in metabolic syndrome. Five out of six risk factor components contribute to altered cortical thickness. Particular risk factor combination may be an important target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette F Schwarz
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie K Nordstrom
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda H G Pagen
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Milberg
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina E McGlinchey
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Leritz
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wisse LE, Daugherty AM, Olsen RK, Berron D, Carr VA, Stark CE, Amaral RS, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren A, Chakravarty MM, Chupin M, Ekstrom A, de Flores R, Insausti R, Kanel P, Kedo O, Kennedy KM, Kerchner GA, LaRocque KF, Liu X, Maass A, Malykhin N, Mueller SG, Ofen N, Palombo DJ, Parekh MB, Pluta JB, Pruessner JC, Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Schoemaker D, Shafer AT, Steve TA, Suthana N, Wang L, Winterburn JL, Yassa MA, Yushkevich PA, la Joie R. A harmonized segmentation protocol for hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions: Why do we need one and what are the key goals? Hippocampus 2017; 27:3-11. [PMID: 27862600 PMCID: PMC5167633 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled in vivo research in a variety of populations and diseases on the structure and function of hippocampal subfields and subdivisions of the parahippocampal gyrus. Because of the many extant and highly discrepant segmentation protocols, comparing results across studies is difficult. To overcome this barrier, the Hippocampal Subfields Group was formed as an international collaboration with the aim of developing a harmonized protocol for manual segmentation of hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions on high-resolution MRI. In this commentary we discuss the goals for this protocol and the associated key challenges involved in its development. These include differences among existing anatomical reference materials, striking the right balance between reliability of measurements and anatomical validity, and the development of a versatile protocol that can be adopted for the study of populations varying in age and health. The commentary outlines these key challenges, as well as the proposed solution of each, with concrete examples from our working plan. Finally, with two examples, we illustrate how the harmonized protocol, once completed, is expected to impact the field by producing measurements that are quantitatively comparable across labs and by facilitating the synthesis of findings across different studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E.M. Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Rosanna K. Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Berron
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie A. Carr
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, USA
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Robert S.C. Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bender
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D. Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Marina Boccardi
- LANVIE Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alison Burggren
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie Chupin
- INSERM, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Arne Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Robin de Flores
- INSERM U1077, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - Xiuwen Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Nicolai Malykhin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- The Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susanne G. Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Mansi B. Parekh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - John B. Pluta
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jens C. Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Naftali Raz
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea T. Shafer
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Trevor A. Steve
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Julie L. Winterburn
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renaud la Joie
- INSERM U1077, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Palombo DJ, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. Using future thinking to reduce temporal discounting: Under what circumstances are the medial temporal lobes critical? Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:437-444. [PMID: 27384755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to envision the future plays an important role in many aspects of cognition, including our ability to make optimal, adaptive choices. Past work has shown that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is necessary for decisions that draw on episodic future thinking. By contrast, little is known about the role of the MTL in decisions that draw on semantic future thinking. Accordingly, the present study investigated whether the MTL contributes to one form of decision making, namely intertemporal choice, when such decisions depend on semantic consideration of the future. In an intertemporal choice task, participants must select either a smaller amount of money that is available in the present or a larger amount of money that would be available at a future date. Amnesic individuals with MTL damage and healthy control participants performed such a task in which, prior to making a choice, they engaged in a semantic generation exercise, wherein they generated items that they would purchase with the future reward. In experiment 1, we found that, relative to a baseline condition involving standard intertemporal choice, healthy individuals were more inclined to select a larger, later reward over a smaller, present reward after engaging in semantic future thinking. By contrast, amnesic participants were paradoxically less inclined to wait for a future reward following semantic future thinking. This finding suggests that amnesics may have had difficulty "tagging" the generated item(s) as belonging to the future. Critically, experiment 2 showed that when the generated items were presented alongside the intertemporal choices, both controls and amnesic participants shifted to more patient choices. These findings suggest that the MTL is not needed for making optimal decisions that draw on semantic future thinking as long as scaffolding is provided to support accurate time tagging. Together, these findings stand to better clarify the role of the MTL in decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Palombo
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - M M Keane
- Wellesley College, Department of Psychology, 106 Central Street Wellesley, MA 02481, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - M Verfaellie
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sheldon S, Farb N, Palombo DJ, Levine B. Intrinsic medial temporal lobe connectivity relates to individual differences in episodic autobiographical remembering. Cortex 2015; 74:206-16. [PMID: 26691735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
People vary in how they remember the past: some recall richly detailed episodes; others more readily access the semantic features of events. The neural correlates of such trait-like differences in episodic and semantic remembering are unknown. We found that self-reported individual differences in how one recalls the past were related to predictable intrinsic connectivity patterns of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system. A pattern of MTL connectivity to posterior brain regions supporting visual-perceptual processing (occipital/parietal cortices) was related to the endorsement of episodic memory-based remembering (recalling spatiotemporal event information), whereas MTL connectivity to inferior and middle prefrontal cortical regions was related to the endorsement of semantic memory-based remembering (recalling facts). These findings suggest that the tendency to engage in episodic autobiographical remembering is associated with accessing and constructing detailed images of a past event in memory, while the tendency to engage in semantic autobiographical remembering is associated with organizing and integrating higher-order conceptual information. More broadly, these findings suggest that differences in how people naturally use memory are instantiated though distinct patterns of MTL functional connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Norman Farb
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in prospective time estimation at short and long timescales using a novel behavioral paradigm adapted from rodent work. Amnesic patients with MTL damage and healthy control participants estimated the duration of nature-based video clips that were either short (≤ 90 s) or long (more than 4 min). Consistent with previous work in rodents, we found that amnesic patients were impaired at making estimations for long, but not for short durations. Critically, these effects were observed in patients who had lesions circumscribed to the hippocampus, suggesting that the pattern observed was not attributable to the involvement of extra-hippocampal structures. That the MTL, and more specifically the hippocampus, is critical for prospective temporal estimation only at long intervals suggests that multiple neurobiological mechanisms support prospective time estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Palombo
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M M Keane
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts
| | - M Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Palombo DJ, Kapson HS, Lafleche G, Vasterling JJ, Marx BP, Franz M, Verfaellie M. Alterations in autobiographical memory for a blast event in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 2015; 29:543-549. [PMID: 25893970 PMCID: PMC4748832 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although loss of consciousness associated with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to interfere with encoding of the TBI event, little is known about the effects of mild TBI (mTBI), which typically involves only transient disruption in consciousness. METHOD Blast-exposed Afghanistan and Iraq War veterans were asked to recall the blast event. Participants were stratified based on whether the blast was associated with probable mTBI (n = 50) or not (n = 25). Narratives were scored for organizational structure (i.e., coherence) using the Narrative Coherence Coding Scheme (Reese et al., 2011) and episodic recollection using the Autobiographical Interview Coding Procedures (Levine et al., 2002). RESULTS The mTBI group produced narratives that were less coherent but contained more episodic details than those of the no-TBI group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that mTBI interferes with the organizational quality of memory in a manner that is independent of episodic detail generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian P Marx
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Palombo DJ, McKinnon MC, McIntosh AR, Anderson AK, Todd RM, Levine B. The neural correlates of memory for a life-threatening event: An fMRI study of passengers from flight AT236. Clin Psychol Sci 2015; 4:312-319. [PMID: 27158567 DOI: 10.1177/2167702615589308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the neural correlates of remote traumatic reexperiencing in survivors of a life-threatening incident: the near crash of Air Transat (AT) Flight 236. Survivors' brain activity was monitored during video-cued recollection of the AT disaster, September 11th, 2001 (9/11), and a comparatively non-emotional (neutral) event. Passengers showed a robust memory enhancement effect for the AT incident relative to the 9/11 and neutral events. This traumatic memory enhancement was associated with activation in the amygdala, medial temporal lobe, anterior and posterior midline, and visual cortex in passengers. This brain-behavior relationship also held in relation to 9/11, which had elevated significance for passengers given its temporal proximity to the AT disaster. This pattern was not observed in a comparison group of non-traumatized individuals who were also scanned. These findings suggest that remote, traumatic memory is mediated by amygdalar activity, which likely enhances vividness via influences on hippocampal and ventral visual systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Palombo
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton; Homewood Research Institute
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | | | - Rebecca M Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palombo DJ, Alain C, Söderlund H, Khuu W, Levine B. Severely deficient autobiographical memory (SDAM) in healthy adults: A new mnemonic syndrome. Neuropsychologia 2015; 72:105-18. [PMID: 25892594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
44
|
Palombo DJ, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. How do lesion studies elucidate the role of the hippocampus in intertemporal choice? Hippocampus 2015; 25:407-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J. Palombo
- Memory Disorders Research Center; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Margaret M. Keane
- Memory Disorders Research Center; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Psychology; Wellesley College; Wellesley Massachusetts
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yushkevich PA, Amaral RSC, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Carr VA, Chakravarty MM, Chételat G, Daugherty AM, Davachi L, Ding SL, Ekstrom A, Geerlings MI, Hassan A, Huang Y, Iglesias JE, La Joie R, Kerchner GA, LaRocque KF, Libby LA, Malykhin N, Mueller SG, Olsen RK, Palombo DJ, Parekh MB, Pluta JB, Preston AR, Pruessner JC, Ranganath C, Raz N, Schlichting ML, Schoemaker D, Singh S, Stark CEL, Suthana N, Tompary A, Turowski MM, Van Leemput K, Wagner AD, Wang L, Winterburn JL, Wisse LEM, Yassa MA, Zeineh MM. Quantitative comparison of 21 protocols for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions in in vivo MRI: towards a harmonized segmentation protocol. Neuroimage 2015; 111:526-41. [PMID: 25596463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing number of human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have focused on examining the structure and function of the subfields of the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyrus, CA fields 1-3, and the subiculum) and subregions of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices). The ability to interpret the results of such studies and to relate them to each other would be improved if a common standard existed for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions. Currently, research groups label different subsets of structures and use different rules, landmarks, and cues to define their anatomical extents. This paper characterizes, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the variability in the existing manual segmentation protocols for labeling hippocampal and parahippocampal substructures in MRI, with the goal of guiding subsequent work on developing a harmonized substructure segmentation protocol. METHOD MRI scans of a single healthy adult human subject were acquired both at 3 T and 7 T. Representatives from 21 research groups applied their respective manual segmentation protocols to the MRI modalities of their choice. The resulting set of 21 segmentations was analyzed in a common anatomical space to quantify similarity and identify areas of agreement. RESULTS The differences between the 21 protocols include the region within which segmentation is performed, the set of anatomical labels used, and the extents of specific anatomical labels. The greatest overall disagreement among the protocols is at the CA1/subiculum boundary, and disagreement across all structures is greatest in the anterior portion of the hippocampal formation relative to the body and tail. CONCLUSIONS The combined examination of the 21 protocols in the same dataset suggests possible strategies towards developing a harmonized subfield segmentation protocol and facilitates comparison between published studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Robert S C Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | - Marina Boccardi
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alison C Burggren
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York University, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA
| | | | - Arne Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abdul Hassan
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Eugenio Iglesias
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Renaud La Joie
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | | | - Laura A Libby
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nikolai Malykhin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | - John B Pluta
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison R Preston
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Margaret L Schlichting
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sachi Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Marta M Turowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Julie L Winterburn
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Palombo DJ, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. The medial temporal lobes are critical for reward-based decision making under conditions that promote episodic future thinking. Hippocampus 2014; 25:345-53. [PMID: 25284804 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage on human decision making in the context of reward-based intertemporal choice. During intertemporal choice, humans typically devalue (or discount) a future reward to account for its delayed arrival (e.g., preferring $30 now over $42 in 2 months), but this effect is attenuated when participants engage in episodic future thinking, i.e., project themselves into the future to imagine a specific event. We hypothesized that this attenuation would be selectively impaired in amnesic patients, who have deficits in episodic future thinking. Replicating previous work, in a standard intertemporal choice task, amnesic patients showed temporal discounting indices similar to healthy controls. Consistent with our hypothesis, while healthy controls demonstrated attenuated temporal discounting in a condition that required participants first to engage in episodic future thinking (e.g., to imagine spending $42 at a theatre in 2 months), amnesic patients failed to demonstrate this effect. Moreover, as expected, amnesic patients' narratives were less episodically rich than those of controls. These findings extend the range of tasks that are shown to be MTL dependent to include not only memory-based decision-making tasks but also future-oriented ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Palombo
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02130
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rosenbaum RS, Gao F, Honjo K, Raybaud C, Olsen RK, Palombo DJ, Levine B, Black SE. Congenital absence of the mammillary bodies: a novel finding in a well-studied case of developmental amnesia. Neuropsychologia 2014; 65:82-7. [PMID: 25301386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with developmental amnesia experience compromised development of episodic memory for details of personal life events, believed to relate to changes to the hippocampus after birth. Here we report the very rare discovery of aplasia of the mammillary bodies, hypogenesis of the fornix, and abnormal hippocampal shape and orientation in H.C., a well-documented case of selectively compromised episodic memory development who is the subject of numerous published empirical articles. These anatomical abnormalities are highly suggestive of disrupted extended hippocampal system development very early in gestation, despite an original diagnosis of developmental amnesia and assumed perinatal hypoxia. These findings provide a unique window into the normal function of the mammillary bodies, fornices, and related anterior nuclei of the thalamus bilaterally. The results also encourage re-examination of the pathological basis of developmental amnesia in other cases reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3; Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1.
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Kie Honjo
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Charles Raybaud
- Division of Neuroradiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1W7
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Sandra E Black
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1W7; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
We investigated autobiographical memory in a group of passengers onboard a trans-Atlantic flight that nearly ditched at sea. The consistency of traumatic exposure across passengers, some of whom developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), provided a unique opportunity to assess verified memory for life-threatening trauma. Using the Autobiographical Interview, which separates episodic from non-episodic details, passengers and healthy controls (HCs) recalled three events: the airline disaster (or a highly negative event for HCs), the September 11, 2001 attacks, and a non-emotional event. All passengers showed robust mnemonic enhancement for episodic details of the airline disaster. Although neither richness nor accuracy of traumatic recollection was related to PTSD, production of non-episodic details for traumatic and non-traumatic events was elevated in PTSD passengers. These findings indicate a robust mnemonic enhancement for trauma that is not specific to PTSD. Rather, PTSD is associated with altered cognitive control operations that affect autobiographical memory in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University ; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ; Homewood Research Institute
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences ; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Anthony Nazarov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University ; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
| | - Namita Kumar
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences
| | - Wayne Khuu
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences ; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto ; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Todd RM, Palombo DJ, Levine B, Anderson AK. Corrigendum to “Genetic differences in emotionally enhanced memory” [Neuropsychologia 49 (4) (2011) 734–744]. Neuropsychologia 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
50
|
Todd RM, Müller DJ, Palombo DJ, Robertson A, Eaton T, Freeman N, Levine B, Anderson AK. Deletion variant in the ADRA2B gene increases coupling between emotional responses at encoding and later retrieval of emotional memories. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 112:222-9. [PMID: 24149058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A deletion variant of the ADRA2B gene that codes for the α2b adrenoceptor has been linked to greater susceptibility to traumatic memory as well as attentional biases in perceptual encoding of negatively valenced stimuli. The goal of the present study was to examine whether emotional enhancements of memory associated with the ADRA2B deletion variant were predicted by encoding, as indexed by the subjectively perceived emotional salience (i.e., arousal) of events at the time of encoding. Genotyping was performed on 186 healthy young adults who rated positive, negative, and neutral scenes for level of emotional arousal and subsequently performed a surprise recognition memory task 1 week later. Experience of childhood trauma was also measured, as well as additional genetic variations associated with emotional biases and episodic memory. Results showed that subjective arousal was linked to memory accuracy and confidence for ADRA2B deletion carriers but not for non-carriers. Our results suggest that carrying the ADRA2B deletion variant enhances the relationship between arousal at encoding and subsequent memory for moderately arousing events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - D J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - D J Palombo
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - A Robertson
- Diagnostic Imaging and Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Eaton
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - N Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - B Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - A K Anderson
- Department of Human Development, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, United States
| |
Collapse
|