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Yao Z, Zhang BX, Chen H, Jiang XW, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Acute or Chronic Exposure to Corticosterone Promotes Wakefulness in Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1472. [PMID: 37891839 PMCID: PMC10605150 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucocorticoid levels triggered by stress potentially contribute to sleep disturbances in stress-induced depression. However, sleep changes in response to elevated corticosterone (CORT), the major glucocorticoid in rodents, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of acute or chronic CORT administration on sleep using electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings in freely moving mice. Acute CORT exposure rapidly promoted wakefulness, marked by increased episodes and enhanced EEG delta power, while simultaneously suppressing rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, with the latter marked by decreased mean duration and reduced delta power. Prolonged 28-day CORT exposure led to excessive wakefulness and REM sleep, characterized by higher episodes, and decreased NREM sleep, characterized by higher episodes and reduced mean duration. EEG theta activity during REM sleep and delta activity during NREM sleep were attenuated following 28-day CORT exposure. These effects persisted, except for REM sleep amounts, even 7 days after the drug withdrawal. Elevated plasma CORT levels and depressive phenotypes were identified and correlated with observed sleep changes during and after administration. Fos expression significantly increased in the lateral habenula, lateral hypothalamus, and ventral tegmental area following acute or chronic CORT treatment. Our findings demonstrate that CORT exposure enhanced wakefulness, suppressed and fragmented NREM sleep, and altered EEG activity across all stages. This study illuminates sleep alterations during short or extended periods of heightened CORT levels in mice, providing a neural link connecting insomnia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Y.); (B.-X.Z.); (H.C.); (X.-W.J.); (W.-M.Q.)
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2
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Jones MR, Brandner AJ, Vendruscolo LF, Vendruscolo JCM, Koob GF, Schmeichel BE. Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Sleep Macroarchitecture and Microarchitecture in Female and Male Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838486. [PMID: 35757544 PMCID: PMC9226367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sleep disruptions is higher among people with alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly during alcohol withdrawal, compared to non-AUD individuals. Although women generally have a higher risk of developing sleep disorders, few studies have investigated sex differences in sleep disruptions following chronic alcohol exposure. The present study examined sleep macroarchitecture (time spent asleep or awake and sleep onset latency) and microarchitecture (bout rate and duration and sleep spindle characterization) prior to alcohol vapor exposure (baseline), during acute withdrawal, and through protracted abstinence in female and male rats. Females and males showed reduced time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during acute withdrawal, which returned to baseline levels during protracted abstinence. REM sleep onset latency was decreased during protracted abstinence in females only. Furthermore, there was a sex difference observed in overall REM sleep bout rate. Although there were no changes in non-REM sleep time, or to non-REM sleep bout rate or duration, there was an increase in non-REM sleep intra-spindle frequency during acute withdrawal in both females and males. Finally, there was increased wakefulness time and bout duration during acute withdrawal in both females and males. The results demonstrate both macroarchitectural and microarchitectural changes in sleep following chronic alcohol exposure, particularly during acute withdrawal, suggesting the need for therapeutic interventions for sleep disturbances during withdrawal in individuals with AUD. Furthermore, sex differences were observed in REM sleep, highlighting the importance of including both sexes in future alcohol-related sleep studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Adam J Brandner
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke E Schmeichel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Nair KP, Salaka RJ, Srikumar BN, Kutty BM, Rao BSS. Enriched environment rescues impaired sleep-wake architecture and abnormal neural dynamics in chronic epileptic rats. Neuroscience 2022; 495:97-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Lo Y, Yi PL, Hsiao YT, Chang FC. Hypocretin in locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus mediates inescapable footshock stimulation (IFS)-induced REM sleep alteration. Sleep 2021; 45:6490200. [PMID: 34969120 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocretin (hcrt) is a stress-reacting neuropeptide mediating arousal and energy homeostasis. An inescapable footshock stimulation (IFS) could initiate the hcrt release from the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and suppresses rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rodents. However, the effects of the IFS-induced hcrts on REM-off nuclei, the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), remained unclear. We hypothesized that the hcrt projections from the LHA to LC or DRN mediate IFS-induced sleep disruption. Our results demonstrated that the IFS increased hcrt expression and the neuronal activities in the LHA, hypothalamus, brainstem, thalamus, and amygdala. Suppressions of REM sleep and slow wave activity during non-REM (NREM) sleep caused by the high expression of hcrts were blocked when a non-specific and dual hcrt receptor antagonist was administered into the LC or DRN. Furthermore, the IFS also caused an elevated innate anxiety, but was limitedly influenced by the hcrt antagonist. This result suggests that the increased hcrt concentrations in the LC and DRN mediate stress-induced sleep disruptions and might partially involve IFS-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lu Yi
- Department of Sport Management, College of Tourism, Leisure and Sports, Aletheia, University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tse Hsiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chia Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan, University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain & Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan, University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China, Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Chronic antidepressant treatment rescues abnormally reduced REM sleep theta power in socially defeated rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16713. [PMID: 34408180 PMCID: PMC8373914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chronic antidepressant (AD) treatment on sleep disturbances in rodent chronic stress models have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we show that chronic social defeat stress (SDS) in rats induces prolonged social avoidance, alterations in sleep architecture (increased total rapid eye movement [REM] sleep duration, bout, and shortened REM latency), and contextual but not cued fear memory deficits, even 1 month after the last SDS. These abnormalities were associated with changes in electroencephalography (EEG) spectral powers, including reduced REM sleep theta power during the light phase. Chronic treatment with two different classes of antidepressants (ADs), imipramine and fluoxetine, significantly ameliorated these behavioral, sleep, and EEG abnormalities. Interestingly, REM theta power was normalized by chronic (1 month) but not 1 week AD administration and solely correlated with the ratio (an objective indicator) of social interaction 1 month after the last SDS. These data suggest that reductions in REM sleep theta power, an EEG parameter that has never been directly investigated in humans, is a core sleep symptom in socially defeated rats, and, potentially, also in patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders.
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The Oscillatory Profile Induced by the Anxiogenic Drug FG-7142 in the Amygdala-Hippocampal Network Is Reversed by Infralimbic Deep Brain Stimulation: Relevance for Mood Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070783. [PMID: 34356846 PMCID: PMC8301458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression exhibit high comorbidity and share the alteration of the amygdala–hippocampal–prefrontal network, playing different roles in the ventral and dorsal hippocampi. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex in rodents or the human equivalent—the subgenual cingulate cortex—constitutes a fast antidepressant treatment. The aim of this work was: (1) to describe the oscillatory profile in a rodent model of anxiety, and (2) to deepen the therapeutic basis of infralimbic deep brain stimulation in mood disorders. First, the anxiogenic drug FG-7142 was administered to anaesthetized rats to characterize neural oscillations within the amygdala and the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. Next, deep brain stimulation was applied. FG-7142 administration drastically reduced the slow waves, increasing delta, low theta, and beta oscillations in the network. Moreover, FG-7142 altered communication in these bands in selective subnetworks. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex reversed most of these FG-7142 effects. Cross-frequency coupling was also inversely modified by FG-7142 and by deep brain stimulation. Our study demonstrates that the hyperactivated amygdala–hippocampal network associated with the anxiogenic drug exhibits an oscillatory fingerprint. The study contributes to comprehending the neurobiological basis of anxiety and the effects of infralimbic deep brain stimulation.
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Szalontai Ö, Tóth A, Pethő M, Keserű D, Hajnik T, Détári L. Homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian sleep-regulating component: effect of short light-dark cycles on sleep-wake stages and slow waves. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:13. [PMID: 33639837 PMCID: PMC7913432 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aside from the homeostatic and circadian components, light has itself an important, direct as well as indirect role in sleep regulation. Light exerts indirect sleep effect by modulating the circadian rhythms. Exposure to short light-dark cycle (LD 1:1, 1:1 h light - dark) eliminates the circadian sleep regulatory component but direct sleep effect of light could prevail. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction between the light and the homeostatic influences regarding sleep regulation in a rat model. METHODS Spontaneous sleep-wake and homeostatic sleep regulation by sleep deprivation (SD) and analysis of slow waves (SW) were examined in Wistar rats exposed to LD1:1 condition using LD12:12 regime as control. RESULTS Slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep were both enhanced, while wakefulness (W) was attenuated in LD1:1. SWS recovery after 6-h total SD was more intense in LD1:1 compared to LD12:12 and SWS compensation was augmented in the bright hours. Delta power increment during recovery was caused by the increase of SW number in both cases. More SW was seen during baseline in the second half of the day in LD1:1 and after SD compared to the LD12:12. Increase of SW number was greater in the bright hours compared to the dark ones after SD in LD1:1. Lights ON evoked immediate increase in W and decrease in both SWS and REM sleep during baseline LD1:1 condition, while these changes ceased after SD. Moreover, the initial decrease seen in SWS after lights ON, turned to an increase in the next 6-min bin and this increase was stronger after SD. These alterations were caused by the change of the epoch number in W, but not in case of SWS or REM sleep. Lights OFF did not alter sleep-wake times immediately, except W, which was increased by lights OFF after SD. CONCLUSIONS Present results show the complex interaction between light and homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian component and indicate the decoupling of SW from the homeostatic sleep drive in LD1:1 lighting condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Örs Szalontai
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Pethő
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Keserű
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Hajnik
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Détári
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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REM sleep's unique associations with corticosterone regulation, apoptotic pathways, and behavior in chronic stress in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2733-2742. [PMID: 30683720 PMCID: PMC6377491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816456116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common in stress-related disorders but the nature of these sleep disturbances and how they relate to changes in the stress hormone corticosterone and changes in gene expression remained unknown. Here we demonstrate that in response to chronic mild stress, rapid–eye-movement sleep (REMS), a sleep state involved in emotion regulation and fear conditioning, changed first and more so than any other measured sleep characteristic. Transcriptomic profiles related to REMS continuity and theta oscillations overlapped with those for corticosterone, as well as with predictors for anhedonia, and were enriched for apoptotic pathways. These data highlight the central role of REMS in response to stress and warrant further investigation into REMS’s involvement in stress-related mental health disorders. One of sleep’s putative functions is mediation of adaptation to waking experiences. Chronic stress is a common waking experience; however, which specific aspect of sleep is most responsive, and how sleep changes relate to behavioral disturbances and molecular correlates remain unknown. We quantified sleep, physical, endocrine, and behavioral variables, as well as the brain and blood transcriptome in mice exposed to 9 weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Comparing 46 phenotypic variables revealed that rapid–eye-movement sleep (REMS), corticosterone regulation, and coat state were most responsive to UCMS. REMS theta oscillations were enhanced, whereas delta oscillations in non-REMS were unaffected. Transcripts affected by UCMS in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and blood were associated with inflammatory and immune responses. A machine-learning approach controlling for unspecific UCMS effects identified transcriptomic predictor sets for REMS parameters that were enriched in 193 pathways, including some involved in stem cells, immune response, and apoptosis and survival. Only three pathways were enriched in predictor sets for non-REMS. Transcriptomic predictor sets for variation in REMS continuity and theta activity shared many pathways with corticosterone regulation, in particular pathways implicated in apoptosis and survival, including mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. Predictor sets for REMS and anhedonia shared pathways involved in oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These data identify REMS as a core and early element of the response to chronic stress, and identify apoptosis and survival pathways as a putative mechanism by which REMS may mediate the response to stressful waking experiences.
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Venugopal R, Sasidharan A, Marigowda V, Kumar G, Nair AK, Sharma S, Mukundan CS, Kutty BM. Beyond Hypnograms: Assessing Sleep Stability Using Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2018; 22:911-915. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Venugopal
- Department of NeurophysiologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru KA India
| | - Arun Sasidharan
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory (ABRL)Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd Bengaluru KA India
| | - Vrinda Marigowda
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory (ABRL)Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd Bengaluru KA India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Department of NeurophysiologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru KA India
| | - Ajay Kumar Nair
- Department of NeurophysiologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru KA India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory (ABRL)Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd Bengaluru KA India
| | - Chetan S. Mukundan
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory (ABRL)Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd Bengaluru KA India
| | - Bindu M. Kutty
- Department of NeurophysiologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru KA India
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Murkar ALA, De Koninck J. Consolidative mechanisms of emotional processing in REM sleep and PTSD. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:173-184. [PMID: 29628334 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests sleep plays a role in the consolidation of recently acquired memories for long-term storage. rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been shown to play a complex role in emotional-memory processing, and may be involved in subsequent waking-day emotional reactivity and amygdala responsivity. Interaction of the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala with the medial-prefrontal cortex is associated with sleep-dependent learning and emotional memory processing. REM is also implicated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized by sleep disturbance, heightened reactivity to fearful stimuli, and nightmares. Many suffers of PTSD also exhibit dampened medial-prefrontal cortex activity. However, the effects of PTSD-related brain changes on REM-dependent consolidation or the notion of 'over-consolidation' (strengthening of memory traces to such a degree that they become resistant to extinction) have been minimally explored. Here, we posit that (in addition to sleep architecture changes) the memory functions of REM must also be altered in PTSD. We propose a model of REM-dependent consolidation of learned fear in PTSD and examine how PTSD-related brain changes might interact with fear learning. We argue that reduced efficacy of inhibitory medial-prefrontal pathways may lead to maladaptive processing of traumatic memories in the early stages of consolidation after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L A Murkar
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Joseph De Koninck
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Canada.
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Pérez MÁ, Peñaloza-Sancho V, Ahumada J, Fuenzalida M, Dagnino-Subiabre A. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation restored impaired memory and GABAergic synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:556-569. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1323609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pérez
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentín Peñaloza-Sancho
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Ahumada
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Brain Plasticity, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCO, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg WHIM. Simultaneous Changes in Sleep, qEEG, Physiology, Behaviour and Neurochemistry in Rats Exposed to Repeated Social Defeat Stress. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 73:209-23. [PMID: 27287886 DOI: 10.1159/000446284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by alterations at psychological, behavioural, physiological, neurophysiological, and neurochemical levels. Social stress is a prevalent stress in man, and the repeated social defeat stress model in rats has been proposed as being the rodent equivalent to loss of control, which in subordinate animals produces alterations that resemble several of the cardinal symptoms found in depressed patients. Here, rats followed a resident-intruder protocol for 4 consecutive days during which behavioural, physiological, and electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters were simultaneously monitored in subordinate rats. On day 5, prefrontal dopamine (DA) and hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) as well as corticosterone were measured in submissive rats that had visual, acoustic, and olfactory (but no physical) contact with a dominant, resident conspecific rat. Socially defeated rats demonstrated increases in ultrasonic vocalizations (20-25 KHz), freezing, submissive defensive behaviour, inactivity, and haemodynamic response, while decreases were found in repetitive grooming behaviour and body weight. Additionally, alterations in the sleep-wake architecture were associated with reduced active waking, enhanced light sleep, and increased frequency of transitions from light sleep to quiet wakefulness, indicating sleep instability. Moreover, the attenuation of EEG power over the frequency range of 4.2-30 Hz, associated with a sharp transient increase in delta oscillations, appeared to reflect increased brain activity and metabolism in subordinate animals. These EEG changes were synchronous with a marked increase in body temperature and a decrease in locomotor activity. Furthermore, psychosocial stress consistently increased 5-HT, DA, and corticosterone levels. The increased levels of cortical DA and hippocampal 5-HT during social threat may reflect a coping mechanism to promote alertness and psychological adaptation to provocative and threatening stimuli. These neurophysiological changes are hypothesized to be the consequence of dynamics in monoamine systems, which could be useful markers for disease progression in the aetiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahnaou
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
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Kirov R, Brand S, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A. Opposite Impact of REM Sleep on Neurobehavioral Functioning in Children with Common Psychiatric Disorders Compared to Typically Developing Children. Front Psychol 2017; 7:2059. [PMID: 28119653 PMCID: PMC5220062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been shown to be related to many adaptive cognitive and behavioral functions. However, its precise functions are still elusive, particularly in developmental psychiatric disorders. The present study aims at investigating associations between polysomnographic (PSG) REM sleep measurements and neurobehavioral functions in children with common developmental psychiatric conditions compared to typically developing children (TDC). Twenty-four children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 21 with Tourette syndrome/tic disorder (TD), 21 with ADHD/TD comorbidity, and 22 TDC, matched for age and gender, underwent a two-night PSG, and their psychopathological scores and intelligence quotient (IQ) were assessed. Major PSG findings showed more REM sleep and shorter REM latency in the children with psychiatric disorders than in the TDC. Multiple regression analyses revealed that in groups with developmental psychopathology, REM sleep proportion correlated positively with scores of inattention and negatively with performance IQ. In contrast, in the group of TDC, REM sleep proportion correlated negatively with scores of inattention and positively with performance IQ. Whilst shorter REM latency was associated with greater inattention scores in children with psychopathology, no such an association existed in the group of TDC. Altogether, these results indicate an opposite impact of REM sleep on neurobehavioral functioning, related to presence or absence of developmental psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that during development, REM sleep functions may interact dissimilarly with different pathways of brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumen Kirov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthMannheim, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
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Hutchison IC, Rathore S. The role of REM sleep theta activity in emotional memory. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1439. [PMID: 26483709 PMCID: PMC4589642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While non-REM (NREM) sleep has been strongly implicated in the reactivation and consolidation of memory traces, the role of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep remains unclear. A growing body of research on humans and animals provide behavioral evidence for a role of REM sleep in the strengthening and modulation of emotional memories. Theta activity-which describes low frequency oscillations in the local field potential within the hippocampus, amygdala and neocortex-is a prominent feature of both wake and REM sleep in humans and rodents. Theta coherence between the hippocampus and amygdala drives large-scale pontine-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, the density of which predicts increases in plasticity-related gene expression. This could potentially facilitate the processing of emotional memory traces within the hippocampus during REM sleep. Further, the timing of hippocampal activity in relation to theta phase is vital in determining subsequent potentiation of neuronal activity. This could allow the emotionally modulated strengthening of novel and gradual weakening of consolidated hippocampal memory traces during REM sleep. Hippocampal theta activity is also correlated with REM sleep levels of achetylcholine - which is thought to reduce hippocampal inputs in the neocortex. The additional low levels of noradrenaline during REM sleep, which facilitate feedback within the neocortex, could allow the integration of novel memory traces previously consolidated during NREM sleep. We therefore propose that REM sleep mediates the prioritized processing of emotional memories within the hippocampus, the integration of previously consolidated memory traces within the neocortex, as well as the disengagement of consolidated neocortical memory traces from the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Hutchison
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Shailendra Rathore
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London, UK ; Centre of Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London , London, UK
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15
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The role of rapid eye movement sleep for amygdala-related memory processing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 122:110-21. [PMID: 25638277 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been associated with general memory consolidation, specific consolidation of perceptual, procedural, emotional and fear memories, brain maturation and preparation of waking consciousness. More recently, some of these associations (e.g., general and procedural memory consolidation) have been shown to be unlikely, while others (e.g., brain maturation and consciousness) remain inconclusive. In this review, we argue that both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence supports a role of REM sleep for amygdala-related memory processing: the amygdala-hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex network involved in emotional processing, fear memory and valence consolidation shows strongest activity during REM sleep, in contrast to the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex only network which is more active during non-REM sleep. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms.
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16
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Wang YQ, Li R, Zhang MQ, Zhang Z, Qu WM, Huang ZL. The Neurobiological Mechanisms and Treatments of REM Sleep Disturbances in Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:543-53. [PMID: 26412074 PMCID: PMC4790401 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150310002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most depressed patients suffer from sleep abnormalities, which are one of the critical symptoms of depression. They are robust risk factors for the initiation and development of depression. Studies about sleep electroencephalograms have shown characteristic changes in depression such as reductions in non-rapid eye movement sleep production, disruptions of sleep continuity and disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep alterations include a decrease in REM sleep latency, an increase in REM sleep duration and REM sleep density with respect to depressive episodes. Emotional brain processing dependent on the normal sleep-wake regulation seems to be failed in depression, which also promotes the development of clinical depression. Also, REM sleep alterations have been considered as biomarkers of depression. The disturbances of norepinephrine and serotonin systems may contribute to REM sleep abnormalities in depression. Lastly, this review also discusses the effects of different antidepressants on REM sleep disturbances in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
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17
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Sampath D, Sabitha KR, Hegde P, Jayakrishnan HR, Kutty BM, Chattarji S, Rangarajan G, Laxmi TR. A study on fear memory retrieval and REM sleep in maternal separation and isolation stressed rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:144-54. [PMID: 25084041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As rapid brain development occurs during the neonatal period, environmental manipulation during this period may have a significant impact on sleep and memory functions. Moreover, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep plays an important role in integrating new information with the previously stored emotional experience. Hence, the impact of early maternal separation and isolation stress (MS) during the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) on fear memory retention and sleep in rats were studied. The neonatal rats were subjected to maternal separation and isolation stress during postnatal days 5-7 (6h daily/3d). Polysomnographic recordings and differential fear conditioning was carried out in two different sets of rats aged 2 months. The neuronal replay during REM sleep was analyzed using different parameters. MS rats showed increased time in REM stage and total sleep period also increased. MS rats showed fear generalization with increased fear memory retention than normal control (NC). The detailed analysis of the local field potentials across different time periods of REM sleep showed increased theta oscillations in the hippocampus, amygdala and cortical circuits. Our findings suggest that stress during SHRP has sensitized the hippocampus-amygdala-cortical loops which could be due to increased release of corticosterone that generally occurs during REM sleep. These rats when subjected to fear conditioning exhibit increased fear memory and increased fear generalization. The development of helplessness, anxiety and sleep changes in human patients, thus, could be related to the reduced thermal, tactile and social stimulation during SHRP on brain plasticity and fear memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayalan Sampath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - K R Sabitha
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Preethi Hegde
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - H R Jayakrishnan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - T R Laxmi
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
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18
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Cowdin N, Kobayashi I, Mellman TA. Theta frequency activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is greater in people with resilience versus PTSD. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:1479-85. [PMID: 24531640 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emotional memory consolidation has been associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and recent evidence suggests that increased electroencephalogram spectral power in the theta (4-8 Hz) frequency range indexes this activity. REM sleep has been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as in emotional adaption. In this cross-sectional study, thirty young healthy African American adults with trauma exposure were assessed for PTSD status using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. Two consecutive night polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were performed and data scored for sleep stages. Quantitative electroencephalographic spectral analysis was used to measure theta frequency components sampled from REM sleep periods of the second-night PSG recordings. Our objective was to compare relative theta power between trauma-exposed participants who were either resilient or had developed PTSD. Results indicated higher right prefrontal theta power during the first and last REM periods in resilient participants compared with participants with PTSD. Right hemisphere prefrontal theta power during REM sleep may serve as a biomarker of the capacity for adaptive emotional memory processing among trauma-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cowdin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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19
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Grønli J, Soulé J, Bramham CR. Sleep and protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity: impacts of sleep loss and stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 7:224. [PMID: 24478645 PMCID: PMC3896837 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep has been ascribed a critical role in cognitive functioning. Several lines of evidence implicate sleep in the consolidation of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. Stress disrupts sleep while impairing synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. Here, we discuss evidence linking sleep to mechanisms of protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity and synaptic scaling. We then consider how disruption of sleep by acute and chronic stress may impair these mechanisms and degrade sleep function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Grønli
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonathan Soulé
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
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20
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Ettrup K, Sørensen J, Rodell A, Alstrup A, Bjarkam C. Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Influences Autonomic and Limbic Circuitry Involved in the Regulation of Aggression and Cardiocerebrovascular Control in the Göttingen Minipig. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2012; 90:281-91. [DOI: 10.1159/000338087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Kaushal N, Nair D, Gozal D, Ramesh V. Socially isolated mice exhibit a blunted homeostatic sleep response to acute sleep deprivation compared to socially paired mice. Brain Res 2012; 1454:65-79. [PMID: 22498175 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an important physiological process underlying maintenance of physical, mental and emotional health. Consequently, sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with adverse consequences and increases the risk for anxiety, immune, and cognitive disorders. SD is characterized by increased energy expenditure responses and sleep rebound upon recovery that are regulated by homeostatic processes, which in turn are influenced by stress. Since all previous studies on SD were conducted in a setting of social isolation, the impact of the social contextual setting is unknown. Therefore, we used a relatively stress-free SD paradigm in mice to assess the impact of social isolation on sleep, wakefulness and delta electroencephalogram (EEG) power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Paired or isolated C57BL/6J adult chronically-implanted male mice were exposed to SD for 6h and telemetric polygraphic recordings were conducted, including 18 h recovery. Recovery from SD in the paired group showed a significant decrease in wake and significant increase in NREM sleep and rapid eye movement (REM), and a similar, albeit less robust response occurred in the isolated mice. Delta power during NREM sleep was increased in both groups immediately following SD, but paired mice exhibited significantly higher delta power throughout the dark period. The increase in body temperature and gross motor activity observed during the SD procedure was decreased during the dark period. In both open field and elevated plus maze tests, socially isolated mice showed significantly higher anxiety than paired mice. The homeostatic processes altered by SD are differentially affected in paired and isolated mice, suggesting that the social context of isolation stress may adversely affect the quantity and quality of sleep in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navita Kaushal
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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22
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Kronfeld-Schor N, Einat H. Circadian rhythms and depression: human psychopathology and animal models. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:101-14. [PMID: 21871466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms (including humans) developed daily rhythms in almost every aspect of their body. It is not surprising that rhythms are also related to affect in health and disease. In the present review we present data that demonstrate the evidence for significant interactions between circadian rhythms and affect from both human studies and animal models research. A number of lines of evidence obtained from human and from animal models research clearly demonstrate relationships between depression and circadian rhythms including (1) daily patterns of depression; (2) seasonal affective disorder; (3) connections between circadian clock genes and depression; (4) relationship between sleep disorders and depression; (5) the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation; (6) the antidepressant effect of bright light exposure; and (7) the effects of antidepressant drugs on sleep and circadian rhythms. The integration of data suggests that the relationships between the circadian system and depression are well established but the underlying biology of the interactions is far from being understood. We suggest that an important factor hindering research into the underlying mechanisms is the lack of good animal models and we propose that additional efforts in that area should be made. One step in that direction could be the attempt to develop models utilizing diurnal animals which might have a better homology to humans with regard to their circadian rhythms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.
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