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Seward CH, Saul MC, Troy JM, Dibaeinia P, Zhang H, Sinha S, Stubbs LJ. An epigenomic shift in amygdala marks the transition to maternal behaviors in alloparenting virgin female mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263632. [PMID: 35192674 PMCID: PMC8863255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults of many species will care for young offspring that are not their own, a phenomenon called alloparenting. However, in many cases, nonparental adults must be sensitized by repeated or extended exposures to newborns before they will robustly display parental-like behaviors. To capture neurogenomic events underlying the transition to active parental caring behaviors, we analyzed brain gene expression and chromatin profiles of virgin female mice co-housed with pregnant dams during pregnancy and after birth. After an initial display of antagonistic behaviors and a surge of defense-related gene expression, we observed a dramatic shift in the chromatin landscape specifically in amygdala of the pup-exposed virgin females compared to females co-housed with mother before birth, accompanied by a dampening of anxiety-related gene expression. This epigenetic shift coincided with hypothalamic expression of the oxytocin gene and the emergence of behaviors and gene expression patterns classically associated with maternal care. The results outline a neurogenomic program associated with dramatic behavioral changes and suggest molecular networks relevant to human postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Seward
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Saul
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Troy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Payam Dibaeinia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Stubbs
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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Lim ZW, Chen WL. Association Between Micronutrient Concentrations and Human Epididymis Protein 4. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4945-4954. [PMID: 34611420 PMCID: PMC8486278 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been frequently used to study in many malignant tumors, while serum nutritional markers are used to determine a person's health status. However, the link between serum micronutrient concentrations and HE4 has not yet been clarified. Methods A total of 2464 eligible female participants and serum concentrations of nutritional biomarkers were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2002. For statistical analysis, we used the χ 2 test, multivariable linear regression, and analysis of variance. Adjusted models were used, and the concentrations of serum nutritional biomarkers were divided into quartiles. Results The mean age of the participants was 48.07 years. Among twelve micronutrients, five were negatively associated with HE4 in models 1, 2 and 3. Only α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, trans-lycopene and retinol were associated with HE4, with beta coefficients of -0.102, -0.027, -0.506, -0.131 and -0.054, respectively. After performing quartile-based analysis, statistical significance was only found for serum α-carotene, trans-lycopene, and retinol in the three models. In model 3, the beta coefficients [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of the fourth quartiles compared to the first quartiles for α-carotene, trans-lycopene, and retinol were -3.390 (-5.053, -1.727), -4.036 (-5.722, -2.351) and -4.146 (-5.899, -2.393), respectively. Serum concentrations of these three nutritional biomarkers were inversely related to serum HE4 concentration (p trend <0.001). Conclusion HE4 is a useful and novel biomarker that can be used with many diseases, especially ovarian cancer. Three of our selected micronutrients were inversely associated with HE4 concentration. Supplement of micronutrients may reduce the levels of HE4 and the subsequent of ovarian cancer's risk. Therefore, a formula that correlates HE4 with nutritional biomarkers needs to be established before use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wei Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liang Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rosiles-Abonce A, Rubio C, Taddei E, Rosiles D, Rubio-Osornio M. Antiepileptogenic Effect of Retinoic Acid. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:383-391. [PMID: 32351181 PMCID: PMC8033965 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429232104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, acts through either genomic or nongenomic actions. The genomic action of retinoids exerts effects on gene transcription through interaction with retinoid receptors such as retinoic acid receptors (RARα, β, and γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, and γ) that are primarily concentrated in the amygdala, pre-frontal cortex, and hippocampal areas in the brain. In response to retinoid binding, RAR/RXR heterodimers undergo major conformational changes and orchestrate the transcription of specific gene networks. Previous experimental studies have reported that retinoic acid exerts an antiepileptogenic effect through diverse mechanisms, including the modulation of gap junctions, neurotransmitters, long-term potentiation, calcium channels and some genes. To our knowledge, there are no previous or current clinical trials evaluating the use of retinoic acid for seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Moisés Rubio-Osornio
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico; E-mail:
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Marie A, Darricau M, Touyarot K, Parr-Brownlie LC, Bosch-Bouju C. Role and Mechanism of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:949-970. [PMID: 34120916 PMCID: PMC8461657 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that altered retinoic acid signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Retinoic acid is the bioactive derivative of the lipophilic vitamin A. Vitamin A is involved in several important homeostatic processes, such as cell differentiation, antioxidant activity, inflammation and neuronal plasticity. The role of vitamin A and its derivatives in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential as therapeutics, has drawn attention for more than 10 years. However, the literature sits in disparate fields. Vitamin A could act at the crossroad of multiple environmental and genetic factors of PD. The purpose of this review is to outline what is known about the role of vitamin A metabolism in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PD. We examine key biological systems and mechanisms that are under the control of vitamin A and its derivatives, which are (or could be) exploited for therapeutic potential in PD: the survival of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, homeostasis of the enteric nervous system, and hormonal systems. We focus on the pivotal role of ALDH1A1, an enzyme expressed by dopaminergic neurons for the detoxification of these neurons, which is under the control of retinoic acid. By providing an integrated summary, this review will guide future studies on the potential role of vitamin A in the management of symptoms, health and wellbeing for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaıs Marie
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgane Darricau
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Louise C. Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand (Center of Research Excellence), Dunedin, New Zealand
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The retinoid X receptor: a nuclear receptor that modulates the sleep-wake cycle in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2055-2073. [PMID: 32472163 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily that modulates diverse functions via homodimerization with itself or several other nuclear receptors, including PPARα. While the activation of PPARα by natural or synthetic agonists regulates the sleep-wake cycle, the role of RXR in the sleep modulation is unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of bexarotene (Bexa, a RXR agonist) or UVI 3003 (UVI, a RXR antagonist) on sleep, sleep homeostasis, levels of neurochemical related to sleep modulation, and c-Fos and NeuN expression. METHODS The sleep-wake cycle and sleep homeostasis were analyzed after application of Bexa or UVI. Moreover, we also evaluated whether Bexa or UVI could induce effects on dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine contents, collected from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. In addition, c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus was determined after Bexa or UVI treatments. RESULTS Systemic application of Bexa (1 mM, i.p.) attenuated slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, Bexa increased the levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine sampled from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. Moreover, Bexa blocked the sleep rebound period after total sleep deprivation, increased in the hypothalamus the expression of c-Fos, and decreased NeuN activity. Remarkably, UVI 3003 (1 mM, i.p.) induced opposite effects in sleep, sleep homeostasis, neurochemicals levels, and c-Fos and NeuN activity. CONCLUSIONS The administration of RXR agonist or antagonist significantly impaired the sleep-wake cycle and exerted effects on the levels of neurochemicals related to sleep modulation. Moreover, Bexa or UVI administration significantly affected c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus. Our findings highlight the neurobiological role of RXR on sleep modulation.
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Lerner V, McCaffery PJA, Ritsner MS. Targeting Retinoid Receptors to Treat Schizophrenia: Rationale and Progress to Date. CNS Drugs 2016; 30:269-80. [PMID: 26968404 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the rationale and reports on the progress to date regarding the targeting of retinoid receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and the role of retinoic acid in functions of the normal brain, and in psychotic states. After a brief introduction, we describe the normal function of retinoic acid in the brain. We then examine the evidence regarding retinoid dysregulation in schizophrenia. Finally, findings from two add-on clinical trials with a retinoid (bexarotene) are discussed. The authors of this review suggest that targeting retinoid receptors may be a novel approach to treat schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lerner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Be'er Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Peter J A McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael S Ritsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Mobile Post Hefer, 37806, Hadera, Israel.
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Jiang P, Scarpa JR, Fitzpatrick K, Losic B, Gao VD, Hao K, Summa KC, Yang HS, Zhang B, Allada R, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Kasarskis A. A systems approach identifies networks and genes linking sleep and stress: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Cell Rep 2015; 11:835-48. [PMID: 25921536 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep dysfunction and stress susceptibility are comorbid complex traits that often precede and predispose patients to a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we demonstrate multilevel organizations of genetic landscape, candidate genes, and molecular networks associated with 328 stress and sleep traits in a chronically stressed population of 338 (C57BL/6J × A/J) F2 mice. We constructed striatal gene co-expression networks, revealing functionally and cell-type-specific gene co-regulations important for stress and sleep. Using a composite ranking system, we identified network modules most relevant for 15 independent phenotypic categories, highlighting a mitochondria/synaptic module that links sleep and stress. The key network regulators of this module are overrepresented with genes implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. Our work suggests that the interplay among sleep, stress, and neuropathology emerges from genetic influences on gene expression and their collective organization through complex molecular networks, providing a framework for interrogating the mechanisms underlying sleep, stress susceptibility, and related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karrie Fitzpatrick
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vance D Gao
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keith C Summa
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Beydoun MA, Gamaldo AA, Canas JA, Beydoun HA, Shah MT, McNeely JM, Zonderman AB. Serum nutritional biomarkers and their associations with sleep among US adults in recent national surveys. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103490. [PMID: 25137304 PMCID: PMC4138077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between nutritional biomarkers and measures of sleep quantity and quality remain unclear. Methods Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005–2006 were used. We selected 2,459 adults aged 20–85, with complete data on key variables. Five sleep measures were constructed as primary outcomes: (A) Sleep duration; (B) Sleep disorder; (C) Three factors obtained from factor analysis of 15 items and labeled as “Poor sleep-related daytime dysfunction” (Factor 1), “Sleepiness” (Factor 2) and “Sleep disturbance” (Factor 3). Main exposures were serum concentrations of key nutrients, namely retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene), folate, vitamin B-12, total homocysteine (tHcy), vitamin C, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and vitamin E. Main analyses consisted of multiple linear, logistic and multinomial logit models. Results Among key findings, independent inverse associations were found between serum vitamin B-12 and sleep duration, 25(OH)D and sleepiness (as well as insomnia), and between folate and sleep disturbance. Serum total carotenoids concentration was linked to higher odds of short sleep duration (i.e. 5–6 h per night) compared to normal sleep duration (7–8 h per night). Conclusions A few of the selected serum nutritional biomarkers were associated with sleep quantity and quality. Longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain temporality and assess putative causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alyssa A. Gamaldo
- National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Canas
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Graduate program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mauli T. Shah
- National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. McNeely
- National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Ransom J, Morgan PJ, McCaffery PJ, Stoney PN. The rhythm of retinoids in the brain. J Neurochem 2014; 129:366-76. [PMID: 24266881 PMCID: PMC4283048 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoids are a family of compounds that in nature are derived from vitamin A or pro-vitamin A carotenoids. An essential part of the diet for mammals, vitamin A has long been known to be essential for many organ systems in the adult. More recently, however, they have been shown to be necessary for function of the brain and new discoveries point to a central role in processes ranging from neuroplasticity to neurogenesis. Acting in several regions of the central nervous system including the eye, hippocampus and hypothalamus, one common factor in its action is control of biological rhythms. This review summarizes the role of vitamin A in the brain; its action through the metabolite retinoic acid via specific nuclear receptors, and the regulation of its concentration through controlled synthesis and catabolism. The action of retinoic acid to regulate several rhythms in the brain and body, from circadian to seasonal, is then discussed to finish with the importance of retinoic acid in the regular pattern of sleep. We review the role of vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA) as mediators of rhythm in the brain. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus they control expression of circadian clock genes while in the cortex retinoic acid is required for delta oscillations of sleep. Retinoic acid is also central to a second rhythm that keeps pace with the seasons, regulating function in the hypothalamus and pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Ransom
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Peter J Morgan
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Peter J McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Patrick N Stoney
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
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Shearer KD, Stoney PN, Morgan PJ, McCaffery PJ. A vitamin for the brain. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:733-41. [PMID: 22959670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not disappear in the adult brain but becomes more regionally focused and takes on new roles. These functions are often tied to processes of neural plasticity whether in the hippocampus, through homeostatic neural plasticity, the olfactory bulb or the hypothalamus. The role of retinoic acid in the control of plastic processes has led to suggestions of its involvement in neural disorders, both degenerative and psychiatric. This review presents a snapshot of developments in these areas over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty D Shearer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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Kitaoka K, Kitamura M, Aoi S, Shimizu N, Yoshizaki K. Chronic exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field induces depression-like behavior and corticosterone secretion without enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 34:43-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fukasawa H, Nakagomi M, Yamagata N, Katsuki H, Kawahara K, Kitaoka K, Miki T, Shudo K. Tamibarotene: A Candidate Retinoid Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1206-12. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Cell Function, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kazuyoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Takami Miki
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
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Schwindinger WF, Mirshahi UL, Baylor KA, Sheridan KM, Stauffer AM, Usefof S, Stecker MM, Mirshahi T, Robishaw JD. Synergistic roles for G-protein γ3 and γ7 subtypes in seizure susceptibility as revealed in double knock-out mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:7121-33. [PMID: 22207761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of different G-protein αβγ subunit combinations are traditionally ascribed to their various α components. However, the discovery of similarly diverse γ subtypes raises the possibility that they may also contribute to specificity. To test this possibility, we used a gene targeting approach to determine whether the closely related γ(3) and γ(7) subunits can perform functionally interchangeable roles in mice. In contrast to single knock-out mice that show normal survival, Gng3(-/-)Gng7(-/-) double knock-out mice display a progressive seizure disorder that dramatically reduces their median life span to only 75 days. Biochemical analyses reveal that the severe phenotype is not due to redundant roles for the two γ subunits in the same signaling pathway but rather is attributed to their unique actions in different signaling pathways. The results suggest that the γ(3) subunit is a component of a G(i/o) protein that is required for γ-aminobutyric acid, type B, receptor-regulated neuronal excitability, whereas the γ(7) subunit is a component of a G(olf) protein that is responsible for A(2A) adenosine or D(1) dopamine receptor-induced neuro-protective response. The development of this mouse model offers a novel experimental framework for exploring how signaling pathways integrate to produce normal brain function and how their combined dysfunction leads to spontaneous seizures and premature death. The results underscore the critical role of the γ subunit in this process.
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