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Hormay E, László B, Szabó I, Ollmann T, Nagy B, Péczely L, Mintál K, Karádi Z. The effect of loss of the glucose-monitoring neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex: Physiologic challenges induce complex feeding-metabolic alterations after local streptozotocin microinjection in rats. Neurosci Res 2019; 149:50-60. [PMID: 30685493 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is interrelated to limbic structures, parts of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) network. GM neurons, postulated to exist here, are hypothesised to participate in regulatory functions, such as the central control of feeding and metabolism. In the present experiments, GM neurons were identified and examined in the ACC by means of the multibarreled microelectrophoretic technique. After bilateral ACC microinjection of streptozotocin (STZ), glucose tolerance tests (GTTs), and determination of relevant plasma metabolite concentrations were performed. Body weights were measured at regular time points during the GTT experiment. Ten percent of the neurons - 30 of 282 recorded cells - responded to the administration of D-glucose, thus, declared to be the GM units. The peak values and dynamics of the GTT blood glucose curves, the plasma metabolite concentrations, and the weight gain were pathologically altered in the STZ treated animals. Our recording experiments revealed the existence of GM neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex. STZ induced selective destruction of these chemosensory cells resulted in feeding and metabolic alterations. The present findings indicate distinguished significance of the cingulate cortical GM neurons in adaptive processes of maintenance of the homeostatic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Hormay
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Bettina László
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ollmann
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Nagy
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Péczely
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Mintál
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Pécs University, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Neuroscience Centre, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
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Szabó I, Hormay E, Csetényi B, Nagy B, Lénárd L, Karádi Z. Multiple functional attributes of glucose-monitoring neurons in the medial orbitofrontal (ventrolateral prefrontal) cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tóth A, Petykó Z, Gálosi R, Szabó I, Karádi K, Feldmann Á, Péczely L, Kállai V, Karádi Z, Lénárd L. Neuronal coding of auditory sensorimotor gating in medial prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:200-208. [PMID: 28284946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to be an essential brain region for sensorimotor gating. The exact neuronal mechanisms, however, have not been extensively investigated yet by delicate single unit recording methods Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a broadly used important tool to investigate the inhibitory processes of sensorimotor gating. The present study was designed to examine the neuronal mechanisms of sensorimotor gating in the mPFC in freely moving rats. In these experiments, the animals were subjected to both pulse alone and prepulse+pulse stimulations. Head acceleration and the neuronal activity of the mPFC were simultaneously recorded. To adequately measure the startle reflex, a new headstage with 3D-accelerometer was created. The duration of head acceleration was longer in pulse alone trials than in prepulse+pulse trial conditions, and the amplitude of head movements was significantly larger during the pulse alone than during the prepulse+pulse situations. Single unit activities in the mPFC were recorded by means of chronically implanted tetrodes during acoustic stimulation evoked startle response and PPI. High proportion of medial prefrontal cortical neurons responded to these stimulations by characteristic firing patterns: short duration equal and unequal excitatory, medium duration excitatory, and long duration excitatory and inhibitory responses were recorded. The present findings, first time in the literature, demonstrated the startle and PPI elicited neuronal activity changes of the mPFC, and thus, provided evidence for a key role of this limbic forebrain area in sensorimotor gating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Petykó
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, University of Pécs, Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Gálosi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Szabó
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kázmér Karádi
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Feldmann
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Péczely
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Veronika Kállai
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, University of Pécs, Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, University of Pécs, Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary.
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Nagy B, Szabó I, Takács G, Csetényi B, Hormay E, Karádi Z. Impaired glucose tolerance after streptozotocin microinjection into the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex of the rat. Physiol Int 2017; 103:403-412. [PMID: 28229628 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mediodorsal prefrontal cortex (mdPFC) is a key structure of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) neural network. Previous studies indicate that intracerebral streptozotocin (STZ) microinjection-induced destruction of local chemosensory neurons results in feeding and metabolic alterations. The present experiments aimed to examine whether STZ microinjection into the mdPFC causes metabolic deficits. To do so, glucose tolerance test (GTT) and measurements of plasma metabolites were performed in STZ-treated or control rats. Intraperitoneal D-glucose load was delivered 20 min or 4 weeks following the intracerebral microinjection of STZ or saline (acute or subacute GTT, respectively). The STZ-treated rats displayed acute glucose intolerance: at the 120th min of the test, blood glucose level of these rats was significantly higher than that of the ones in the control group. When determining the plasma level of various metabolites, 30 min following the intracerebral STZ or saline microinjection, the triglyceride concentration of the STZ-treated rats was found to be reduced compared with that of the control rats. The GM neurons of the mdPFC are suggested to be involved in the organization of complex metabolic processes by which these chemosensory cells contribute to adaptive control mechanisms of the maintenance of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nagy
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - I Szabó
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Takács
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - B Csetényi
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - E Hormay
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Karádi
- 1 Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
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Wei W, Song Y, Fan X, Zhang S, Wang L, Xu S, Wang M, Cai X. Simultaneous recording of brain extracellular glucose, spike and local field potential in real time using an implantable microelectrode array with nano-materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:114001. [PMID: 26871752 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the main substrate for neurons in the central nervous system. In order to efficiently characterize the brain glucose mechanism, it is desirable to determine the extracellular glucose dynamics as well as the corresponding neuroelectrical activity in vivo. In the present study, we fabricated an implantable microelectrode array (MEA) probe composed of platinum electrochemical and electrophysiology microelectrodes by standard micro electromechanical system (MEMS) processes. The MEA probe was modified with nano-materials and implanted in a urethane-anesthetized rat for simultaneous recording of striatal extracellular glucose, local field potential (LFP) and spike on the same spatiotemporal scale when the rat was in normoglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. During these dual-mode recordings, we observed that increase of extracellular glucose enhanced the LFP power and spike firing rate, while decrease of glucose had an opposite effect. This dual mode MEA probe is capable of examining specific spatiotemporal relationships between electrical and chemical signaling in the brain, which will contribute significantly to improve our understanding of the neuron physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Processing of hedonic and chemosensory features of taste in medial prefrontal and insular networks. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18966-78. [PMID: 24285901 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2974-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the research on cortical processing of taste has focused on either the primary gustatory cortex (GC) or the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, these are not the only areas involved in taste processing. Gustatory information can also reach another frontal region, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), via direct projections from GC. mPFC has been studied extensively in relation to its role in controlling goal-directed action and reward-guided behaviors, yet very little is known about its involvement in taste coding. The experiments presented here address this important point and test whether neurons in mPFC can significantly process the physiochemical and hedonic dimensions of taste. Spiking responses to intraorally delivered tastants were recorded from rats implanted with bundles of electrodes in mPFC and GC. Analysis of single-neuron and ensemble activity revealed similarities and differences between the two areas. Neurons in mPFC can encode the chemosensory identity of gustatory stimuli. However, responses in mPFC are sparser, more narrowly tuned, and have a later onset than in GC. Although taste quality is more robustly represented in GC, taste palatability is coded equally well in the two areas. Additional analysis of responses in neurons processing the hedonic value of taste revealed differences between the two areas in temporal dynamics and sensitivities to palatability. These results add mPFC to the network of areas involved in processing gustatory stimuli and demonstrate significant differences in taste-coding between GC and mPFC.
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Noradrenaline and acetylcholine responsiveness of glucose-monitoring and glucose-insensitive neurons in the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 2014; 1543:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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de Sousa IF, de Souza AP, Andrade IS, Boldarine VT, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Telles MM, Ribeiro EB. Effect of fish oil intake on glucose levels in rat prefrontal cortex, as measured by microdialysis. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:188. [PMID: 24369745 PMCID: PMC3880162 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain glucose sensing may contribute to energy homeostasis control. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in the hedonic component of feeding control. As high-fat diets may disrupt energy homeostasis, we evaluated in male Wistar rats whether intake of high-fat fish-oil diet modified cortical glucose extracellular levels and the feeding induced by intracerebroventricular glucose or PFC glucoprivation. Methods Glucose levels in PFC microdialysates were measured before and after a 30-min meal. Food intake was measured in animals receiving intracerebroventricular glucose followed, 30-min. later, by 2-deoxy-D-glucose injected into the PFC. Results The fish-oil group showed normal body weight and serum insulin while fat pads weight and glucose levels were increased. Baseline PFC glucose and 30-min. carbohydrates intake were similar between the groups. Feeding-induced PFC glucose levels increased earlier and more pronouncedly in fish-oil than in control rats. Intracerebroventricular glucose inhibited feeding consistently in the control but not in the fish-oil group. Local PFC glucoprivation with 2-DG attenuated glucose-induced hypophagia. Conclusions The present experiments have shown that, following food intake, more glucose reached the prefrontal cortex of the rats fed the high-fat fish-oil diet than of the rats fed the control diet. However, when administered directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle, glucose was able to consistently inhibit feeding only in the control rats. The findings indicate that, an impairment of glucose transport into the brain does not contribute to the disturbances induced by the high-fat fish-oil feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Botucatu, n° 862 - 2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
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Processing of hedonic and chemosensory features of taste in medial prefrontal and insular networks. J Neurosci 2013. [PMID: 24285901 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2974‐13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the research on cortical processing of taste has focused on either the primary gustatory cortex (GC) or the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, these are not the only areas involved in taste processing. Gustatory information can also reach another frontal region, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), via direct projections from GC. mPFC has been studied extensively in relation to its role in controlling goal-directed action and reward-guided behaviors, yet very little is known about its involvement in taste coding. The experiments presented here address this important point and test whether neurons in mPFC can significantly process the physiochemical and hedonic dimensions of taste. Spiking responses to intraorally delivered tastants were recorded from rats implanted with bundles of electrodes in mPFC and GC. Analysis of single-neuron and ensemble activity revealed similarities and differences between the two areas. Neurons in mPFC can encode the chemosensory identity of gustatory stimuli. However, responses in mPFC are sparser, more narrowly tuned, and have a later onset than in GC. Although taste quality is more robustly represented in GC, taste palatability is coded equally well in the two areas. Additional analysis of responses in neurons processing the hedonic value of taste revealed differences between the two areas in temporal dynamics and sensitivities to palatability. These results add mPFC to the network of areas involved in processing gustatory stimuli and demonstrate significant differences in taste-coding between GC and mPFC.
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Taste reactivity alterations after streptozotocin microinjection into the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2012; 234:228-32. [PMID: 22766215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mediodorsal prefrontal cortex (mdPFC), as an integrant part of the forebrain glucose-monitoring neural network, plays important roles in neural control of feeding. Previous studies suggested that streptozotocin (STZ) causes selective destruction of forebrain glucose-monitoring (GM) neurons leading to development of feeding disturbances. The goal of this research was to evaluate gustatory consequences of bilateral streptozotocin microinjection into the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex of male Wistar rats during conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) acquisition, as well as during taste reactivity tests. Bilateral streptozotocin microinjection failed to impair CTA learning, tested in a saccharin CTA paradigm. However, taste reactivity deficit was found by a modified version of the protocol introduced by Grill and Norgren. The streptozotocin treated animals displayed significantly poorer ingestive reactions to pleasant taste stimuli than did rats of the control group. The unpleasant taste stimuli elicited ingestive and rejective taste reactivity patterns in a comparable manner in rats of the STZ vs. vehicle microinjected groups. The glucose-monitoring neurons of the mdPFC and their distinct role in the gustatory perception may have particular significance in the adaptive control of feeding.
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