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Piras F, Banaj N, Ciullo V, Piras F, Ducci G, Demaria F, Vicari S, Spalletta G. Dysfunctional Beliefs and Cognitive Performance across Symptom Dimensions in Childhood and Adolescent OCD. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010219. [PMID: 36615019 PMCID: PMC9821226 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although etiological and maintenance cognitive factors have proved effective in predicting the disease course in youths with OCD, their contribution to symptom severity and specific OCD dimensions has been scarcely examined. In a cohort of children and adolescents with OCD (N = 41; mean age = 14; age range = 10-18 yrs.), we investigated whether certain dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive traits could predict symptom severity, and whether they were differentially associated with specific symptom dimensions. We found that self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and intolerance to uncertainty were associated with higher obsession severity, which was not uniquely related to any neuropsychological variable. Greater severity of obsessions and compulsions about harm due to aggression/injury/violence/natural disasters was predicted by excessive concerns with the expectations of other people. Severity in this dimension was additionally predicted by decreasing accuracy in performing a problem-solving, non-verbal reasoning task, which was also a significant predictor of severity of obsessions about symmetry and compulsions to count or order/arrange. Apart from corroborating both the belief-based and neuropsychological models of OCD, our findings substantiate for the first time the specificity of certain dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive traits in two definite symptom dimensions in youth. This bears important clinical implications for developing treatment strategies to deal with unique dysfunctional core beliefs, and possibly for preventing illness chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5–Pad. 26, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Demaria
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5150-1575
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Ciullo V, Piras F, Banaj N, Vecchio D, Piras F, Sani G, Ducci G, Spalletta G. Internal clock variability, mood swings and working memory in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:48-56. [PMID: 35907479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distortions in time processing may be regarded as an endophenotypic marker of neuropsychiatric diseases; however, investigations addressing Bipolar Disorder (BD) are still scarce. METHODS The present study compared timing abilities in 30 BD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC), and explored the relationship between time processing and affective-cognitive symptoms in BD, with the aim to determine whether timing difficulties are primary in bipolar patients or due to comorbid cognitive impairment. Four tasks measuring external timing were administered: a temporal and spatial orienting of attention task and a temporal and colour discrimination task, for assessing the ability to evaluate temporal properties of external events; two other tasks assessed the speed of the internal clock (i.e. temporal bisection and temporal production tasks). Attentional, executive and working memory (WM) demands were equated for controlling additional cognitive processes. RESULTS BD patients did not show differences in external timing accuracy compared to HC; conversely, we found increased variability of the internal clock in BD and this performance was related to Major Depressive Episodes recurrence and WM functioning. Hence, variability of the internal clock is influenced by the progressive course of BD and impacted by variations in WM. LIMITATIONS Future studies including BD patients stratified by mood episode will further specify timing alterations conditional to the current affective state. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on the clinical phenotypes of BD, suggesting that timing might be used as a model system of the ongoing pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Department of Mental Health, ASL, Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Habeck C, Gazes Y, Stern Y. Age-Specific Activation Patterns and Inter-Subject Similarity During Verbal Working Memory Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve. Front Psychol 2022; 13:852995. [PMID: 35756196 PMCID: PMC9218333 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive Reserve (CR), according to a recent consensus definition of the NIH-funded Reserve and Resilience collaboratory, is constituted by any mechanism contributing to cognitive performance beyond, or interacting with, brain structure in the widest sense. To identity multivariate activation patterns fulfilling this postulate, we investigated a verbal Sternberg fMRI task and imaged 181 people with age coverage in the ranges 20-30 (44 participants) and 55-70 (137 participants). Beyond task performance, participants were characterized in terms of demographics, and neuropsychological assessments of vocabulary, episodic memory, perceptual speed, and abstract fluid reasoning. Participants studied an array of either one, three, or six upper-case letters for 3 s (=encoding phase), then a blank fixation screen was presented for 7 s (=maintenance phase), to be probed with a lower-case letter to which they responded with a differential button press whether the letter was part of the studied array or not (=retrieval phase). We focused on identifying maintenance-related activation patterns showing memory load increases in pattern score on an individual participant level for both age groups. We found such a pattern that increased with memory load for all but one person in the young participants (p < 0.001), and such a pattern for all participants in the older group (p < 0.001). Both patterns showed broad topographic similarities; however, relationships to task performance and neuropsychological characteristics were markedly different and point to individual differences in Cognitive Reserve. Beyond the derivation of group-level activation patterns, we also investigated the inter-subject spatial similarity of individual working memory rehearsal patterns in the older participants' group as a function of neuropsychological and task performance, education, and mean cortical thickness. Higher task accuracy and neuropsychological function was reliably associated with higher inter-subject similarity of individual-level activation patterns in older participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Tölli P, Keltikangas‐Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Ravaja N, Hintsanen M, Ahola‐Olli A, Pahkala K, Kähönen M, Hutri‐Kähönen N, Laitinen TT, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Dobewall H, Jokinen E, Raitakari O, Cloninger CR, Rovio S, Saarinen A. The relationship between temperament, polygenic score for intelligence and cognition: A population-based study of middle-aged adults. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12798. [PMID: 35170850 PMCID: PMC9744494 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether temperament modifies an association between polygenic intelligence potential and cognitive test performance in midlife. The participants (n = 1647, born between 1962 and 1977) were derived from the Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed with Temperament and Character Inventory over a 15-year follow-up (1997, 2001, 2007, 2012). Polygenic intelligence potential was assessed with a polygenic score for intelligence. Cognitive performance (visual memory, reaction time, sustained attention, spatial working memory) was assessed with CANTAB in midlife. The PGSI was significantly associated with the overall cognitive performance and performance in visual memory, sustained attention and working memory tests but not reaction time test. Temperament did not correlate with polygenic score for intelligence and did not modify an association between the polygenic score and cognitive performance, either. High persistence was associated with higher visual memory (B = 0.092; FDR-adj. p = 0.007) and low harm avoidance with higher overall cognitive performance, specifically better reaction time (B = -0.102; FDR-adj; p = 0.007). The subscales of harm avoidance had different associations with cognitive performance: higher "anticipatory worry," higher "fatigability," and lower "shyness with strangers" were associated with lower cognitive performance, while the role of "fear of uncertainty" was subtest-related. In conclusion, temperament does not help or hinder one from realizing their genetic potential for intelligence. The overall modest relationships between temperament and cognitive performance advise caution if utilizing temperament-related information e.g. in working-life recruitments. Cognitive abilities may be influenced by temperament variables, such as the drive for achievement and anxiety about test performance, but they involve distinct systems of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Tölli
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical ChemistryFimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research CenterTampereFinland,Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Research Unit of Psychology, Faculty of EducationUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Ari Ahola‐Olli
- Department of Internal MedicineSatasairaala Central HospitalPoriFinland,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics UnitDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Sports Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and HealthPaavo Nurmi CentreTurkuFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland,Department of Clinical PhysiologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Nina Hutri‐Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and SimulationTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Tomi T. Laitinen
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Sports Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and HealthPaavo Nurmi CentreTurkuFinland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics and AdolescentsOulu University HospitalOuluFinland,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Vaasa Central HospitalVaasaFinland,Department of PediatricsUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Henrik Dobewall
- Research Unit of Psychology, Faculty of EducationUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Hospital for Children and AdolescentsHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Department of Internal MedicineSatasairaala Central HospitalPoriFinland,Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Visual versus Verbal Working Memory in Statistically Determined Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: On behalf of the Consortium for Clinical and Epidemiological Neuropsychological Data Analysis (CENDA). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:1001-1010. [PMID: 31543085 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggests that visual episodic memory impairment may emerge before analogous verbal episodic memory impairment. The current study examined working memory (WM) test performance in MCI to assess whether patients present with greater visual versus verbal WM impairment. WM performance was also assessed in relation to hippocampal occupancy (HO), a ratio of hippocampal volume to ventricular dilation adjusted for demographic variables and intracranial volume. METHODS Jak et al. (2009) (The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 368-375) and Edmonds, Delano-Wood, Galasko, Salmon, & Bondi (2015) (Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 47(1), 231-242) criteria classify patients into four groups: little to no cognitive impairment (non-MCI); subtle cognitive impairment (SCI); amnestic MCI (aMCI); and a combined mixed/dysexecutive MCI (mixed/dys MCI). WM was assessed using co-normed Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Digit Span Backwards and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) Symbol Span Z-scores. RESULTS Between-group analyses found worse WMS-IV Symbol Span and WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards performance for mixed/dys MCI compared to non-MCI patients. Within-group analyses found no differences for non-MCI patients; however, all other groups scored lower on WMS-IV Symbol Span than WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards. Regression analysis with HO as the dependent variable was statistically significant for WMS-IV Symbol Span performance. WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards performance failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Worse WMS-IV Symbol Span performance was observed in patient groups with measurable neuropsychological impairment and better WMS-IV Symbol Span performance was associated with higher HO ratios. These results suggest that visual WM may be particularly sensitive to emergent illness compared to analogous verbal WM tests.
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Emch M, Ripp I, Wu Q, Yakushev I, Koch K. Neural and Behavioral Effects of an Adaptive Online Verbal Working Memory Training in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:300. [PMID: 31736741 PMCID: PMC6838657 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural correlates of working memory (WM) training remain a matter of debate, especially in older adults. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with an n-back task to measure brain plasticity in healthy middle-aged adults following an 8-week adaptive online verbal WM training. Participants performed 32 sessions of this training on their personal computers. In addition, we assessed direct effects of the training by applying a verbal WM task before and after the training. Participants (mean age 55.85 ± 4.24 years) were pseudo-randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 30) or an active control group (n = 27). Training resulted in an activity decrease in regions known to be involved in verbal WM (i.e., fronto-parieto-cerebellar circuitry and subcortical regions), indicating that the brain became potentially more efficient after the training. These activation decreases were associated with a significant performance improvement in the n-back task inside the scanner reflecting considerable practice effects. In addition, there were training-associated direct effects in the additional, external verbal WM task (i.e., HAWIE-R digit span forward task), and indicating that the training generally improved performance in this cognitive domain. These results led us to conclude that even at advanced age cognitive training can improve WM capacity and increase neural efficiency in specific regions or networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Emch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabelle Ripp
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
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Shah-Basak PP, Dunkley BT, Ye AX, Wong S, da Costa L, Pang EW. Altered beta-band functional connectivity may be related to 'performance slowing' in good outcome aneurysmal subarachnoid patients. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:64-70. [PMID: 30711525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that good neurological outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) does not equate to good neuropsychological and cognitive outcome. These individuals continue to face cognitive difficulties in tasks involving mental flexibility, short-term memory and attention, resulting in decreased independence in daily living and reduced ability to return to work. In the current study, we examined the functional connectivity profiles using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in SAH patients, versus controls, during a visual short-term memory, 1-back, task. Our results found that a global measure of MEG-based phase synchrony in the beta band (15-30 Hz), derived from a time window during correct recognition, significantly differentiated the controls from the patients. During correct recognition, the connectivity patterns in the controls were characterized by inter-hemispheric parieto-frontal connections, involving the posterior parietal cortex, while patients appeared to recruit an entirely different network of regions, involving the anterior frontal and temporal regions. Reduced beta-band synchrony during recognition was associated with overall poorer performance, demonstrated as lower accuracy and slower reaction times in patients, but not in controls. This differentiation between groups suggests an important and distinct role of beta-band phase synchronization, perhaps for memory retrieval, associated with good performance. Performance slowing, short-term memory and attention deficits in these patients may be attributed to the impaired beta-band connectivity among prefrontal regions and the posterior parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Shah-Basak
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annette X Ye
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Simeon Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Leodante da Costa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Ciullo V, Piras F, Vecchio D, Banaj N, Coull JT, Spalletta G. Predictive timing disturbance is a precise marker of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2018; 12:42-49. [PMID: 29928596 PMCID: PMC6007042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Timing disturbances have being proposed as a key component of schizophrenia pathogenesis. However, the contribution of cognitive impairment to such disorders has not been clarified. Here, we investigated duration estimation and predictive timing in 30 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ) compared to 30 healthy controls (HC). Duration estimation was examined in a temporal and colour discrimination task, fully controlled for working memory (WM) and attention requirements, and by more traditional temporal production and temporal bisection tasks. Predictive timing was measured in a temporal and spatial orienting of attention task. Expectations about stimulus onset (temporal condition) or location (spatial condition) were induced by valid and invalid symbolic cues. Results showed that discrimination of temporal and colour stimulus attributes was equally impaired in SZ. This, taken with the positive correlation between temporal bisection performance and neuropsychological measures of WM, indicates that duration estimation impairments in SZ are underpinned by WM dysfunction. Conversely, we found dissociation in temporal and spatial predictive ability in SZ. Unlike controls, patients were selectively unperturbed by events appearing at an unexpected moment in time, though were perturbed by targets appearing at an unexpected location. Moreover, patients were able to generate temporal expectations more implicitly, as their performance was influenced by the predictive nature of the flow of time itself. Our findings shed new light on the debate over the specificity of timing distortions in SZ, providing evidence that predictive timing is a precise marker of SZ, more sensitive than duration estimation, serving as a valid heuristic for studying the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer T. Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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The interactive influences of stress, modality of stimuli, and task difficulty on verbal versus visual working memory capacity. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Daniel TA, Katz JS, Robinson JL. Delayed match-to-sample in working memory: A BrainMap meta-analysis. Biol Psychol 2016; 120:10-20. [PMID: 27481545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM), or the ability to temporarily store and manipulate information, is one of the most widely studied constructs in cognitive psychology. Since its inception, it has become one of the leading explanations for how humans are able to operate on a cognitive level. The current study probed the neural networks underlying one of the most commonly used tasks, delayed match-to-sample (DMTS), to study WM. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis of 42 functional neuroimaging studies (626 participants) was conducted to demonstrate neural network engagement during DMTS. Results demonstrated strong convergence in brain regions commonly associated with the working memory construct (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex). However, neural activation in two regions frequently attributed to WM were absent from this meta-analysis: the anterior cingulate and the rostral prefrontal cortex, suggesting that these regions may be more sensitive to task or stimuli characteristics. In a post-hoc analysis, we deconstructed the DMTS meta-analysis to examine nonverbal versus verbal stimuli, and found notable neurofunctional differences such that DMTS using nonverbal stimuli consistently engaged the right middle frontal gyrus (BA 6/46) and precuneus (BA 7) more so than verbal stimuli based DMTS. These results provide a foundation for future models of functional connectivity that may elucidate subtle differences in working memory attributable to pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Daniel
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Katz
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; AU MRI Research Center, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; AU MRI Research Center, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
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11
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Domain-general and domain-specific functional networks in working memory. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:646-56. [PMID: 25178986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a latent cognitive structure that serves to store and manipulate a limited amount of information over a short time period. How information is maintained in WM remains a debated issue: it is unclear whether stimuli from different sensory domains are maintained under distinct mechanisms or maintained under the same mechanism. Previous neuroimaging research on this issue to date has focused on individual brain regions and has not provided a comprehensive view of the functional networks underlying multi-domain WM. To study the functional networks involved in visual and auditory WM, we applied constrained principal component analysis (CPCA) to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset acquired when participants performed a change-detection task requiring them to remember only visual, only auditory, or both visual and auditory stimuli. Analysis revealed evidence of both [1] domain-specific networks responsive to either visual or auditory WM (but not both), and [2] domain-general networks responsive to both visual and auditory WM. The domain-specific networks showed load-dependent activations during only encoding, whereas a domain-general network was sensitive to WM load across encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. The latter domain-general network likely reflected attentional processes involved in WM encoding, retrieval, and possibly maintenance as well. These results do not support the domain-specific account of WM maintenance but instead favor the domain-general theory that items from different sensory domains are maintained under the same mechanism.
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Giglia G, Brighina F, Rizzo S, Puma A, Indovino S, Maccora S, Baschi R, Cosentino G, Fierro B. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances memory-guided responses in a visuospatial working memory task. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 29:189-193. [PMID: 25473739 PMCID: PMC4264786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is able to enhance performances on verbal and visual working memory (WM) tasks. Available evidence points to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a critical area in visual WM, but to date direct comparisons of the effects obtained by stimulating the left versus the right DLPFC in the same subject are lacking. Our aim was to determine whether tDCS over the right DLPFC can differently affect performance as compared with left DLPFC stimulation. Ten healthy subjects performed a memory-guided visuospatial task in three conditions: baseline, during anodal stimulation applied over the right and during anodal stimulation applied over the left DLPFC. All the subjects also underwent a sham stimulation as control. Our results show that only active stimulation over the right DLPFC is able to increase performance when compared to the other conditions. Our findings confirm the crucial role played by the right DLPFC in spatial WM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience - University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzo
- Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Angela Puma
- Santa Maria del Prato Hospital, Feltre, Italy
| | - Serena Indovino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Maccora
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Baschi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Brigida Fierro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Saliasi E, Geerligs L, Lorist MM, Maurits NM. Neural correlates associated with successful working memory performance in older adults as revealed by spatial ICA. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99250. [PMID: 24911016 PMCID: PMC4049600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate which neural correlates are associated with successful working memory performance, fMRI was recorded in healthy younger and older adults during performance on an n-back task with varying task demands. To identify functional networks supporting working memory processes, we used independent component analysis (ICA) decomposition of the fMRI data. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a larger neural (BOLD) response in the more complex (2-back) than in the baseline (0-back) task condition, in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and in the right fronto-parietal network (FPN). Our results indicated that a higher BOLD response in the VLPFC was associated with increased performance accuracy in older adults, in both the baseline and the more complex task condition. This ‘BOLD-performance’ relationship suggests that the neural correlates linked with successful performance in the older adults are not uniquely related to specific working memory processes present in the complex but not in the baseline task condition. Furthermore, the selective presence of this relationship in older but not in younger adults suggests that increased neural activity in the VLPFC serves a compensatory role in the aging brain which benefits task performance in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Saliasi
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- BCN-NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- BCN-NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monicque M. Lorist
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- BCN-NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Natasha M. Maurits
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- BCN-NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Integrating functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the characterization, assessment, and monitoring of cancer and treatment-related neurocognitive dysfunction. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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de la Rosa MD, Sanabria D, Capizzi M, Correa A. Temporal Preparation Driven by Rhythms is Resistant to Working Memory Interference. Front Psychol 2012; 3:308. [PMID: 22973245 PMCID: PMC3428808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently shown that temporal orienting demands controlled attention (Capizzi et al., 2012). However, there is current debate on whether temporal preparation guided by regular rhythms also requires the generation of endogenous temporal expectancies or rather involves a mechanism independent of executive control processes. We investigated this issue by using a dual-task paradigm in two different experiments. In Experiment 1, the single-task condition measured reaction time to respond to the onset of an auditory stimulus preceded by either a regular or an irregular auditory rhythm. The dual-task condition additionally included a working memory task, which demanded mental counting and updating. In Experiment 2, the simultaneously WM task was a variant of the Sternberg Task. We hypothesized that, if temporal preparation induced by rhythms did not involve executive processing, it would not be interfered by the simultaneous working memory task. The results showed that participants could anticipate the moment of target onset on the basis of the regular rhythm and, more important, this ability resisted the interference from the double task condition in both experiments. This finding supports that temporal preparation induced by rhythms, in contrast to temporal orienting, does not require resources of executive control.
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