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Janet R, Derrington E, Dreher JC. Relationships between Serotonin Transporter Availability and the Global Efficiency of the Executive Control Brain Network. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5713. [PMID: 38891901 PMCID: PMC11171774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The diverse effects of serotonin on cognition may emerge from the modulation of large-scale brain networks that support distinct cognitive processes. Yet, the specific effect of serotoninergic modulation on the properties of these networks remains elusive. Here, we used a simultaneous PET-fMRI scanner combined with graph theory analyses to investigate the modulation of network properties by the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) availability measured in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We defined global efficiency as the average mean of efficiencies over all pairs of distinct nodes of specific brain networks, and determined whether SERT levels correlated with the global efficiency of each network. SERT availability in the DRN correlated negatively with the global efficiency of the executive control brain network, which is engaged in cognitive control and directed attention. No relationship was observed between SERT availability and the global efficiency of the default mode or the salience brain networks. These findings indicate a specific role of serotoninergic modulation in the executive control brain network via a change in its global efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Claude Dreher
- UMR5229, Neuroeconomics Laboratory, CNRS-Institut de Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, 69500 Lyon, France; (R.J.); (E.D.)
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Kizilirmak JM, Glim S, Darna M, Khader PH. Selective attention to stimulus representations in perception and memory: commonalities and differences. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 86:150-169. [PMID: 33486589 PMCID: PMC8821477 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the deployment of selective attention to perceptual and memory representations might be governed by similar cognitive processes and neural resources. However, evidence for this simple and appealing proposal remains inconclusive, which might be due to a considerable divergence in tasks and cognitive demands when comparing attentional selection in memory versus perception. To examine whether selection in both domains share common attentional processes and only differ in the stimuli they act upon (external vs. internal), we compared behavioral costs or benefits between selection domains. In both domains, participants had to attend a target stimulus from a set of simultaneously presented stimuli or simultaneously active memory representations, respectively, with set, target, or both, being repeated or changed across trials. The results of two experiments delineated principal similarities and differences of selection processes in both domains: While positive priming from stimulus repetition was found in both selection domains, we found no consistent effects of negative priming when shifting the focus of attention to a previously to-be-ignored stimulus. However, priming in the perception task was mainly due to repetitions of the target feature (here: color), whereas for the memory task, repetition of the same set of stimulus representations was most important. We propose that the differences can be attributed to a reduced cognitive effort when the now relevant memory representation had already been pre-activated (even as a distractor) in the previous trial. Additionally, our experiments both underscore the importance of taking stimulus-response associations into account, which may be a hidden factor behind differences between domains. We conclude that any attempt of comparing internal versus external attentional selection has to consider inherent differences in selection dynamics across representational domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Von-Siebold-Star. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Glim
- Institute for Psychology, University of Kassel, Holländische Str. 36-38, 34127, Kassel, Germany
| | - Margarita Darna
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Von-Siebold-Star. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick H Khader
- Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
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Lugtmeijer S, Geerligs L, de Leeuw FE, de Haan EHF, Kessels RPC. Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1713-1726. [PMID: 33914126 PMCID: PMC8203519 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Working memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Lugtmeijer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roy P. C. Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Multivariate classification of schizophrenia and its familial risk based on load-dependent attentional control brain functional connectivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:613-621. [PMID: 31581175 PMCID: PMC7021788 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as their unaffected siblings (SIB), show functional connectivity (FC) alterations during performance of tasks involving attention. As compared with SCZ, these alterations are present in SIB to a lesser extent and are more pronounced during high cognitive demand, thus possibly representing one of the pathways in which familial risk is translated into the SCZ phenotype. Our aim is to measure the separability of SCZ and SIB from healthy controls (HC) using attentional control-dependent FC patterns, and to test to which extent these patterns span a continuum of neurofunctional alterations between HC and SCZ. 65 SCZ with 65 age and gender-matched HC and 39 SIB with 39 matched HC underwent the Variable Attentional Control (VAC) task. Load-dependent connectivity matrices were generated according to correct responses in each VAC load. Classification performances of high, intermediate and low VAC load FC on HC-SCZ and HC-SIB cohorts were tested through machine learning techniques within a repeated nested cross-validation framework. HC-SCZ classification models were applied to the HC-SIB cohort, and vice-versa. A high load-related decreased FC pattern discriminated between HC and SCZ with 66.9% accuracy and with 57.7% accuracy between HC and SIB. A high load-related increased FC network separated SIB from HC (69.6% accuracy), but not SCZ from HC (48.5% accuracy). Our findings revealed signatures of attentional FC abnormalities shared by SCZ and SIB individuals. We also found evidence for potential, SIB-specific FC signature, which may point to compensatory neurofunctional mechanisms in persons at familial risk for schizophrenia.
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Topological reorganization of the default mode network in patients with poststroke depressive symptoms: A resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:557-568. [PMID: 31539693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study mapped the topological configuration of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with depressive symptoms after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS The study sample comprised 63 patients: 36 with poststroke depressive symptoms (PSD) and 37 without PSD matched according to age, gender and the severity of stroke. PSD was defined by a cutoff of ≥ 7 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine functional connectivity (FC) to reconstruct the DMN. Network based statistics estimated the FC differences of the DMN between the PSD and non-PSD groups. Graph theoretical approaches were used to characterize the topological properties of this network. RESULTS The study sample mainly comprised patients with mild to moderate stroke. A widespread hyper-connected configuration of the functional DMN was characterized in PSD group. The orbital frontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, dorsal medial prefrontal and, ventromedial prefrontal corticis, the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule were the functional hubs related to PSD. The nodal topology in inferior parietal lobule and superior frontal gyrus, overlapping with dorsal medial prefrontal and, ventromedial prefrontal cortices, tended to be functionally integrated in patients with PSD. After False Discovery Rate correction, no significant difference between the PSD and non-PSD groups was found with respect to the global and nodal metrics of the DMN. However, the correlations between these altered network metrics and severity of PSD were lacking. LIMITATIONS The diagnosis of PSD was based on the GDS score rather than established with a structured clinical interview. CONCLUSIONS The DMN in PSD was functionally integrated and more specialized in some core hubs such as the inferior parietal lobule and dorsal prefrontal cortex. The configuration of the subnetwork like DMN may be more essential in the pathogenesis of PSD than single stroke lesions.
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Peters AT, Smith RA, Kassel MT, Hagan M, Maki P, Van Meter A, Briceño EM, Ryan KA, Weldon AL, Weisenbach SL, Starkman MN, Langenecker SA. A pilot investigation of differential neuroendocrine associations with fronto-limbic activation during semantically-cued list learning in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:180-191. [PMID: 30014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased volume and disrupted function in neural structures essential for memory formation (e.g. medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex) are common among individuals with depression. Hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function, as reflected by measurement of cortisol levels, is linked to neural activity during memory encoding in healthy people. However, it is not as well understood whether cortisol is associated with alterations in fronto-temporal recruitment during memory encoding in depression. METHODS In this pilot study, we evaluated associations between cortisol and neural activation during memory encoding in 62 adults (18-65 years) with mood disorders (MD; n = 39, 66.7% female), including major depression (n = 28) and bipolar I disorder (n = 11), and healthy controls (HC; n = 23, 43.5% female). Participants provided salivary cortisol samples before and after completing a semantically-cued list-learning task during 3-Tesla fMRI. Links between pre-scan cortisol (and cortisol change) and activation during encoding were evaluated using block and event-related models. RESULTS Overall, pre-scan cortisol level was positively associated with greater engagement of fronto-limbic activation during the encoding block. However, in MD, pre-scan cortisol was associated with attenuated activation during encoding in medial frontal, superior and middle temporal gyri, insula, lingual gyrus, and claustrum relative to HCs. Cortisol-related attenuation of activation in MD was also observed during encoding of words subsequently recalled in the ventral anterior cingulate, hypothalamus, and middle temporal gyrus. By and large, cortisol change (pre/post scan) predicted the same pattern of findings in both block and event-related contrasts. LIMITATIONS Although analyses accounted for variations in scanner time of day, circadian alterations in cortisol may have introduced variability into the results. CONCLUSIONS Pre-scan cortisol may selectively interfere with recruitment of important fronto-temporal memory circuitry in mood disorders. The inverted associations between cortisol and neural function in MD relative to HC also elucidate potentially unique pathophysiological markers of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - M T Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - M Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - P Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - A Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, USA
| | - E M Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - K A Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - A L Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - S L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, USA; VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, USA
| | - M N Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - S A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Abnormal Intrinsic Functional Hubs in Severe Male Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Evidence from a Voxel-Wise Degree Centrality Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164031. [PMID: 27723821 PMCID: PMC5056709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with changes in brain structure and regional function in certain brain areas. However, the functional features of network organization in the whole brain remain largely uncertain. The purpose of this study was to identify the OSA-related spatial centrality distribution of the whole brain functional network and to investigate the potential altered intrinsic functional hubs. Methods Forty male patients with newly confirmed severe OSA on polysomnography, and well-matched good sleepers, participated in this study. All participants underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan and clinical and cognitive evaluation. Voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) was measured across the whole brain, and group difference in DC was compared. The relationship between the abnormal DC value and clinical variables was assessed using a linear correlation analysis. Results Remarkably similar spatial distributions of the functional hubs (high DC) were found in both groups. However, OSA patients exhibited a pattern of significantly reduced regional DC in the left middle occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, left superior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobule, and DC was increased in the right orbital frontal cortex, bilateral cerebellum posterior lobes, and bilateral lentiform nucleus, including the putamen, extending to the hippocampus, and the inferior temporal gyrus, which overlapped with the functional hubs. Furthermore, a linear correlation analysis revealed that the DC value in the posterior cingulate cortex and left superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment scores, The DC value in the left middle occipital gyrus and bilateral inferior parietal lobule were negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index and arousal index in OSA patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that OSA patients exhibited specific abnormal intrinsic functional hubs including relatively reduced and increased DC. This expands our understanding of the functional characteristics of OSA, which may provide new insights into understanding the dysfunction and pathophysiology of OSA patients.
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De Pretto M, Sallard E, Spierer L. State dependency of inhibitory control performance: an electrical neuroimaging study. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1826-32. [PMID: 27116703 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and brain responses to stimuli not only depend on their physical features but also on the individuals' neurocognitive states before stimuli onsets. While the influence of pre-stimulus fluctuations in brain activity on low-level perceptive processes is well established, the state dependency of high-order executive processes remains unclear. Using a classical inhibitory control Go/NoGo task, we examined whether and how fluctuations in the brain activity during the period preceding the stimuli triggering inhibition influenced inhibitory control performance. Seventeen participants completed the Go/NoGo task while 64-channel electroencephalogram was recorded. We compared the event-related potentials preceding the onset of the NoGo stimuli associated with inhibition failures false alarms (FA) vs. successful inhibition correct rejections (CR) with data-driven statistical analyses of global measures of the topography and strength of the scalp electric field. Distributed electrical source estimations were used to localize the origin of the event-related potentials modulations. We observed differences in the global field power of the event-related potentials (FA > CR) without concomitant topographic modulations over the 40 ms period immediately preceding NoGo stimuli. This result indicates that the same brain networks were engaged in the two conditions, but more strongly before FA than CR. Source estimations revealed that this effect followed from a higher activity before FA than CR within bilateral inferior frontal gyri and the right inferior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that uncontrolled quantitative variations in pre-stimulus activity within attentional and control brain networks influence inhibition performance. The present data thereby demonstrate the state dependency of cognitive processes of up to high-order executive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Pretto
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Sallard
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Hellerstedt R, Johansson M. Competitive Semantic Memory Retrieval: Temporal Dynamics Revealed by Event-Related Potentials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150091. [PMID: 26901865 PMCID: PMC4762689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories compete for retrieval when they are related to a common retrieval cue. Previous research has shown that retrieval of a target memory may lead to subsequent retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) of currently irrelevant competing memories. In the present study, we investigated the time course of competitive semantic retrieval and examined the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying RIF. We contrasted two theoretical accounts of RIF by examining a critical aspect of this memory phenomenon, namely the extent to which it depends on successful retrieval of the target memory. Participants first studied category-exemplar word-pairs (e.g. Fruit-Apple). Next, we recorded electrophysiological measures of brain activity while the participants performed a competitive semantic cued-recall task. In this task, the participants were provided with the studied categories but they were instructed to retrieve other unstudied exemplars (e.g. Fruit-Ma__?). We investigated the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of retrieval success by comparing ERPs from successful and failed retrieval trials. To isolate the ERP correlates of continuous retrieval attempts from the ERP correlates of retrieval success, we included an impossible retrieval condition, with incompletable word-stem cues (Drinks-Wy__) and compared it with a non-retrieval presentation baseline condition (Occupation-Dentist). The participants' memory for all the studied exemplars was tested in the final phase of the experiment. Taken together, the behavioural results suggest that RIF is independent of target retrieval. Beyond investigating the mechanisms underlying RIF, the present study also elucidates the temporal dynamics of semantic cued-recall by isolating the ERP correlates of retrieval attempt and retrieval success. The ERP results revealed that retrieval attempt is reflected in a late posterior negativity, possibly indicating construction of candidates for completing the word-stem cue and retrieval monitoring whereas retrieval success was reflected in an anterior positive slow wave.
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