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Fraser JF, Pahwa S, Maniskas M, Michas C, Martinez M, Pennypacker KR, Dornbos D. Now that the door is open: an update on ischemic stroke pharmacotherapeutics for the neurointerventionalist. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:425-428. [PMID: 37258227 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a major shift in management of large vessel ischemic stroke with changes towards ever-expanding use of reperfusion therapies (intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy). These strategies 'open the door' to acute therapeutics for ischemic tissue, and we should investigate novel therapeutic approaches to enhance survival of recently reperfused brain. Key insights into new approaches have been provided through translational research models and preclinical paradigms, and through detailed research on ischemic mechanisms. Additional recent clinical trials offer exciting salvos into this new strategy of pairing reperfusion with neuroprotective therapy. This pairing strategy can be employed using drugs that have shown neuroprotective efficacy; neurointerventionalists can administer these during or immediately after reperfusion therapy. This represents a crucial moment when we emphasize reperfusion, and have the technological capability along with the clinical trial experience to lead the way in multiprong approaches to stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Fraser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shivani Pahwa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Maniskas
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Michas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mesha Martinez
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David Dornbos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Kang JB, Koh PO. Retinoic Acid Has Neuroprotective effects by Modulating Thioredoxin in Ischemic Brain Damage and Glutamate-exposed Neurons. Neuroscience 2023; 521:166-181. [PMID: 37149281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder that causes pathological changes by increasing oxidative stress. Retinoic acid is one of the metabolites of vitamin A. It regulates oxidative stress and exerts neuroprotective effects. Thioredoxin is a small redox protein with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether retinoic acid modulates the expression of thioredoxin in ischemic brain injury. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to adult male rats for four days prior to surgery. MCAO induced neurological deficits and increased oxidative stress and retinoic acid attenuated these changes. Retinoic acid ameliorated the MCAO-induced decrease in thioredoxin expression. MCAO decreases the interaction between thioredoxin and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and retinoic acid treatment alleviates this decrease. Glutamate (5 mM) exposure induced cell death and decreased thioredoxin expression in cultured neurons. Retinoic acid treatment attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Retinoic acid prevented the decrease of bcl-2 expression and the increase of bax expression caused by glutamate exposure. Moreover, retinoic acid attenuated the increases in caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c in glutamate-exposed neurons. However, the mitigation effects of retinoic acid were lower in thioredoxin siRNA-transfected neurons than in non-transfected neurons. These results demonstrate that retinoic acid regulates oxidative stress and thioredoxin expression, maintains the interaction between thioredoxin and ASK1, and modulates apoptosis-associated proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects by regulating thioredoxin expression and modulating apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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3
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Noriega‐Navarro R, Martínez‐Tapia RJ, González‐Rivera R, Ochoa‐Sánchez A, Abarca‐Magaña JC, Landa‐Navarro L, Rodríguez‐Mata V, Ugalde‐Muñiz P, Pérez‐Torres A, Landa A, Navarro L. The effect of thioredoxin-1 in a rat model of traumatic brain injury depending on diurnal variation. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3031. [PMID: 37157915 PMCID: PMC10275561 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health concern with limited treatment options because it causes a cascade of side effects that are the leading cause of hospital death. Thioredoxin is an enzyme with neuroprotective properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, immune response modulator, and neurogenic, among others; it has been considered a therapeutic target for treating many disorders. METHODS The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to assess the effect of recombinant human thioredoxin 1 (rhTrx1) (1 μg/2 μL, intracortical) on rats subjected to TBI at two different times of the light-dark cycle (01:00 and 13:00 h). We analyzed the food intake, body weight loss, motor coordination, pain perception, and histology in specific hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3, and Dental Gyrus) and striatum (caudate-putamen) areas. RESULTS Body weight loss, reduced food intake, spontaneous pain, motor impairment, and neuronal damage in specific hippocampus and striatum regions are more evident in rats subjected to TBI in the light phase than in the dark phase of the cycle and in groups that did not receive rhTrx1 or minocycline (as positive control). Three days after TBI, there is a recovery in body weight, food intake, motor impairment, and pain, which is more pronounced in the rats subjected to TBI at the dark phase of the cycle and those that received rhTrx1 or minocycline. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the time of day a TBI occurs in connection to the neuroprotective mechanisms of the immune response in diurnal variation and the usage of the Trx1 protein might have a beneficial therapeutic impact in promoting quick recovery after a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Noriega‐Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | - Rubén González‐Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Alicia Ochoa‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Julio César Abarca‐Magaña
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Lucía Landa‐Navarro
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Verónica Rodríguez‐Mata
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Perla Ugalde‐Muñiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Armando Pérez‐Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Luz Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
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4
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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5
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Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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6
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Bi F, Zhang Y, Liu W, Xie K. Sinomenine activation of Nrf2 signaling prevents inflammation and cerebral injury in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:647. [PMID: 33968178 PMCID: PMC8097210 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SINO), which is used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis and neuralgia, is derived from the root and stems of Sinomenium acutum. SINO has been reported to exert analgesic, sedative and anti-inflammatory effects, and provides a protective role against shock and organ damage. Studies have suggested that SINO primarily exerts it anti-inflammatory function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. There is also evidence to indicate that SINO may regulate inflammation Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate whether the anti-inflammatory and cerebral protective effects of SINO were induced through Nrf2 both in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that SINO significantly upregulated Nrf2 protein expression levels, increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the upregulated the protein expression levels of downstream factors. The treatment of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model mice with SINO effectively reduced cerebral damage and inflammation, and restored the balance in cerebral oxidative stress. In addition, SINO treatment also promoted Nrf2-dependent microglia M1/M2 polarization and inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation. This revealed an important upstream event that contributed to its anti-inflammatory and cerebral tissue protective effects. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified a novel pathway through which SINO may exert its anti-inflammatory and cerebral protective functions, and provided a molecular basis for the potential applications of SINO in the treatment of cerebral inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Bi
- Department of Medicine, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710125, P.R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Jiyang District People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 251401, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, College of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Jiyang District People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 251401, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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7
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Gimeno-Hernández R, Cantó A, Fernández-Carbonell A, Olivar T, Hernández-Rabaza V, Almansa I, Miranda M. Thioredoxin Delays Photoreceptor Degeneration, Oxidative and Inflammation Alterations in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:590572. [PMID: 33424600 PMCID: PMC7785808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited ocular disorder with no effective treatment. RP onset and progression trigger a cascade of retinal disorders that lead to the death of photoreceptors. After photoreceptors death, neuronal, glial and vascular remodeling can be observed in the retina. The purpose of this study was to study if thioredoxin (TRX) administration is able to decrease photoreceptor death in an animal model of RP (rd1 mouse), but also if it is able to modulate the retinal oxidative stress, glial and vascular changes that can be observed as the disease progresses. Wild type and rd1 mice received several doses of TRX. After treatment, animals were euthanized at postnatals days 11, 17, or 28. Glutathione (GSH) and other thiol compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatic growth factor (HGF) expression were determined by western blot. TRX administration significantly diminished cell death in rd1 mouse retinas and increased GSH retinal concentrations at postnatal day 11 (PN11). TRX was also able to reverse glial alterations at PN11 and PN17. No alterations were observed in retinal VEGF and HGF expression in rd1 mice. In conclusion, TRX treatment decreases photoreceptor death in the first stages of RP and this protective effect may be due in part to the GSH system activation and to a partially decrease in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gimeno-Hernández
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antolin Cantó
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Fernández-Carbonell
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Olivar
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Hernández-Rabaza
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Almansa
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Miranda
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Jiao Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Cao Y, Qu Y, Huang S, Kong X, Song C, Li J, Li Q, Ma H, Lu X, Wang L. Inhibition of microglial receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 ameliorates neuroinflammation following cerebral ischaemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12585-12598. [PMID: 32990414 PMCID: PMC7686994 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are rapidly activated following ischaemic stroke and participate in the induction of neuroinflammation, which exacerbates the injury of ischaemic stroke. However, the mechanisms regulating ischaemic microglia remain unclear. In the present study, middle cerebral artery occlusion and oxygen and glucose deprivation models were established for in vivo and vitro monitoring of experimental stroke. We applied recombinant human thioredoxin‐1 (rhTrx‐1) and Necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1, inhibitor of RIPK1) to examine the role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the development of inflammation in ischaemic microglia via explored the inflammatory responses and the associated mechanisms. Molecular docking results indicated that rhTrx‐1 could directly bind to RIPK1. In vivo and vitro data revealed that rhTrx‐1 reduced necroptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation and NLR Family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and regulated the microglial M1/M2 phenotypic changes by inhibiting RIPK1 expression in ischaemic microglia. Consistent with these findings, further in vivo experiments revealed that rhTrx‐1 treatment attenuated cerebral ischaemic injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Our data demonstrated the role of RIPK1 in microglia‐induced neuroinflammation following cerebral ischaemia. Administration of rhTrx‐1 provides neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke‐induced microglial neuroinflammation by inhibiting RIPK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Heping Ma
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Liu H, Wu X, Luo J, Zhao L, Li X, Guo H, Bai H, Cui W, Guo W, Feng D, Qu Y. Adiponectin peptide alleviates oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating AMPK/GSK-3β. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Kim MH, Leem YH. Neurogenic effect of exercise via the thioredoxin-1/ extracellular regulated kinase/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors in chronically stressed dentate gyrus. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:13-21. [PMID: 31743979 PMCID: PMC6823649 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Shah FA, Zeb A, Ali T, Muhammad T, Faheem M, Alam SI, Saeed K, Koh PO, Lee KW, Kim MO. Identification of Proteins Differentially Expressed in the Striatum by Melatonin in a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model-a Proteomic and in silico Approach. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:888. [PMID: 30618542 PMCID: PMC6295458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by permanent or transient obstruction of blood flow, which initiates a cascading pathological process, starting from acute ATP loss to subsequent membrane depolarization, glutamate excitotoxicity, and calcium overload. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that exerts protective effects in different experimental stroke models. In this study, melatonin effects were demonstrated by a proteomic and in silico approach. The proteomic study identified differentially expressed proteins by 2D gel electrophoresis in the striatum 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Proteomic analysis revealed several proteins with aberrant expression and was validated by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Homology modeling was performed to build 3D structures for γ-enolase, thioredoxin (TRX), and heat shock 60 (HSP60) by the template crystal structures using a protein data bank as a sequence database. The structure refinement of each model was achieved by energy minimization via molecular dynamic simulation, and the generated models were further assessed for stability by Procheck and ProSA. The models were processed for docking analysis using AutoDock Vina, and post-docking analysis was determined by discovery studio. The proteomic study showed decreased expression of γ-enolase, TRX, and protein phosphatase 2A subunit B and increased expression of collapsin response mediator protein 2 and HSP60 in the striatum after ischemic injury. Treatment with melatonin modulated the expression profiles of these proteins. This study demonstrated the neuroprotective role of melatonin in the ischemic striatum using a proteomic and in silico approach. Collectively, melatonin may act in a multimechanistic way by modulating the expression of several proteins in the ischemic striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ali Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zeb
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Ibrar Alam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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12
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Treadmill exercise restores high fat diet-induced disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis through β2-adrenergic receptor-dependent induction of thioredoxin-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2018; 1707:154-163. [PMID: 30496734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to induce metabolic disturbances that may lead to cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated whether a regular treadmill exercise program would improve HFD-induced hippocampal-dependent memory deficits in C57BL/6 mice. Weight gain and hepatic triglyceride levels were profoundly elevated following administration of a 60% HFD for 23 weeks, and this change was attenuated by 23-weeks of treadmill running. The exercise regimen attenuated impairments in memory function of HFD-fed mice in a water maze test and recovered HFD-induced anti-neurogenic effects as shown by immunohistochemistry data with Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) antibodies. Moreover, the treadmill exercise resulted in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects in the HFD-fed brain. The exercise inhibited HFD-induced microglial activation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and NF-κB activity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In addition, the exercise reduced malondialdehyde levels elevated by HFD and recovered antioxidant superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in hippocampal DG of HFD-mice. The exercise also reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by HFD, as shown by TUNEL staining in the DG region. Finally, we demonstrated that the thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were recovered by exercise, which was demonstrated to act via β2-adrenergic receptor enriched in synaptosomes of the DG. Therefore, our data collectively suggests that regular exercise may be a promising approach to preventing HFD-induced memory impairments via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective mechanisms in the hippocampal DG region.
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Sevoflurane preconditioning induces tolerance to brain ischemia partially via inhibiting thioredoxin-1 nitration. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:171. [PMID: 30447684 PMCID: PMC6240283 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane preconditioning induces brain ischemic tolerance, but the mechanism remains poorly elucidated. Nitration is an important form of post-translational modification in pathological signaling. This study was to investigate the role of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) nitration in neuroprotection effect induced by sevoflurane preconditioning in a transient stroke model in rats. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were preconditioned with 2% sevoflurane or vehicle oxygen exposure, 1 h per day, for 5 consecutive days. At 24 h after the last exposure, rats were subjected to focal brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min, followed by 72-h reperfusion. Trx-1 expression and activity, as well as the content of nitrotyrosine at penumbra were detected at 24 h after preconditioning and 2, 8, 24, 72 h after MCAO. Nitrated Trx-1 was examined by immunoprecipitation at 8 h after MCAO. The role of Trx-1 nitration in ischemic tolerance was assessed by administration of nitrated human-Trx-1 prior to MCAO. Neurological scores, brain infarct volumes and TUNEL staining were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion. Results Ischemic stroke decreased Trx-1 activity but not the expression in penumbra tissue. The content of nitrotyrosine was elevated after MCAO. Preconditioning with sevoflurane increased Trx-1 activity and reduced its nitration at 8 h after MCAO in comparison with vehicle preconditioning. The decrement of Trx-1 activity was correlated with its nitration level. Exogenous administration of nitrated human-Trx-1 reversed the brain ischemic tolerance of sevoflurane preconditioning, exacerbating brain infarct volume, neurobehavioral defects and apoptosis, while administration of human-Trx-1 had no effect on the sevoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection. Conclusion Ischemic stroke reduces Trx-1 activity via post-translational nitrative modulation in rats. Sevoflurane preconditioning induces brain ischemic tolerance and anti-apoptosis by partially preserving Trx-1 activity via inhibiting nitration.
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Zhu W, Wang XR, Du SQ, Yan CQ, Yang NN, Lin LL, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Anti-oxidative and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Acupuncture: Role of Thioredoxin-1 in the Hippocampus of Vascular Dementia Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 379:281-291. [PMID: 29592844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that acupuncture treatment has anti-oxidative effects that affect cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1)/thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) was involved in the beneficial effects of acupuncture. After 2-weeks of acupuncture treatment, Morris water maze (MWM), dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, Nissl staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to assess the effects of acupuncture on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal injury in two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model. The protein and mRNA levels of Trx-1 and TrxR-1, the activity of TrxR-1 as well as the phosphorylation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway were measured by Western blot, real-time PCR analysis, TrxR-1 activity analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining respectively. We found that there were oxidative and apoptotic injury in the CA1 area, accompanied with the decreased expressions of Trx-1 and TrxR-1 in the hippocampus. Acupuncture ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by cerebral ischemic injury and inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptotic injury in the hippocampus. Acupuncture also up-regulated the expressions of Trx-1 and TrxR-1, increased the activity of TrxR-1, accompanied with inhibiting the activation of the ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway. However, the effects of acupuncture on improving cognitive function, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuron apoptotic damage were blocked by Trx-1siRNA. In conclusion, these findings indicated that acupuncture treatment improved VD though anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms which involved the up-regulations of Trx-1/TrxR-1 and inhibitions of ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Qi Du
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Qun Yan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhang T, Li CY, Jia JJ, Chi JS, Zhou D, Li JZ, Liu XM, Zhang J, Yi L. Combination Therapy with LXW7 and Ceria Nanoparticles Protects against Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:144-152. [PMID: 30074164 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion is known to greatly increase oxidative stress in the penumbra, which results in brain damage. Integrin αvβ3 is selectively up-regulated with ischemic injury to the brain and remains elevated throughout reperfusion. We determined whether or not a new compound biotinylated-LXW7-ceria nanoparticle (CeNP) (bLXW7-CeNP) plays a role in brain protection in the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion and shows better effects than CeNPs alone in improving the outcomes of focal oxidative stress and apoptosis more effectively. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia for 2 h followed by a 24-h reperfusion. Drug treatment was intravenously administered via the caudal vein 1 h after occlusion. Rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: bLXW7-CeNP treatment group (0.5 mg/kg); CeNP treatment group (0.5 mg/kg); control saline group; and sham group. Brains were harvested 24 h after reperfusion, and the neurologic deficit scores, infarction volume, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and the level of oxidative stress and apoptosis were determined. Results showed that the bLXW7-CeNP and CeNP treatments could improve neurologic deficit scores, infarction volume, BBB disruption, and the level of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compound bLXW7-CeNP treatment exhibited better effects than CeNp treatment and showed remarkable statistical differences in the infarction volume, the degree of BBB breakdown, the apoptosis and oxidative stress, apart from neurologic deficit scores. Thus, we concluded that bLXW7-CeNP protects against acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. BLXW7, as a ligand of integrin αvβ3, may be able to effectively localize the anti-oxidant CeNPs to the ischemic penumbra region, which may provide more adequate opportunities for CeNPs to exert anti-oxidative stress effects and subsequently reduce apoptosis in acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chang-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jie-Shan Chi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jian-Zhou Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiao-Ma Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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16
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Zhang H, Liu Q, Lin JL, Wang Y, Zhang RX, Hou JB, Yu B. Recombinant Human Thioredoxin-1 Protects Macrophages from Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Foam Cell Formation and Cell Apoptosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:121-129. [PMID: 28554199 PMCID: PMC5839490 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) is an antioxidant that potently protects various cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. However, the protective effect of Trx on ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and apoptosis has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the effect of recombinant human Trx (rhTrx) on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and elucidate the possible mechanisms. RhTrx significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. RhTrx also suppressed the ox-LDL-induced overproduction of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1), Bax and activated caspase-3, but it increased the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, rhTrx markedly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Furthermore, anisomycin (a p38 MAPK activator) abolished the protective effect of rhTrx on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) exerted a similar effect as rhTrx. Collectively, these findings indicate that rhTrx suppresses ox-LDL-stimulated foam cell formation and macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation, p38 MAPK activation and LOX-1 expression. Therefore, we propose that rhTrx has therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jia-Le Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing-Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Dhungana H, Huuskonen MT, Jaronen M, Lemarchant S, Ali H, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Goldsteins G, Kanninen KM, Koistinaho J, Malm T. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is neuroprotective and alleviates stroke-induced neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:237. [PMID: 29202856 PMCID: PMC5716243 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. It is caused by the cessation of cerebral blood flow resulting in the insufficient delivery of glucose and oxygen to the neural tissue. The inflammatory response initiated by ischemic stroke in order to restore tissue homeostasis in the acute phase of stroke contributes to delayed brain damage. METHODS By using in vitro models of neuroinflammation and in vivo model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, we demonstrate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO). RESULTS SSO significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the protein levels of inflammatory enzymes including nitric oxide synthase 2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in microglia, without causing cell toxicity. Although SSO failed to directly alleviate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in murine cortical neurons, it prevented inflammation-induced neuronal death in microglia-neuron co-cultures. Importantly, oral administration of SSO in Balb/c mice subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery reduced microglial activation in the peri-ischemic area and attenuated brain damage. This in vivo neuroprotective effect of SSO was associated with a reduction in the COX-2 and heme oxygenase-1 immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SSO is an anti-inflammatory and a possible therapeutic candidate in diseases such as stroke where inflammation is a central hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Jaronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sighild Lemarchant
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Humair Ali
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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18
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Yu T, Zhang W, Lin Y, Li Q, Xue J, Cai Z, Cheng Y, Shao B. Prognostic value of serum thioredoxin levels in ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2017; 39:988-995. [PMID: 28828929 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1359882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thioredoxin (Trx) is one of significant antioxidative molecules to diminish oxidative stress. Current evidence suggests that Trx is a potent antioxidant with cytoprotective functions. The aim of our study was to investigate specifically the association between serum Trx levels and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS 198 AIS patients and 75 controls were enrolled to the study. Serum Trx levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. Clinical endpoint was functional outcome measured by Barthel Index (BI) 3 months after admission. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors. RESULTS We found that serum Trx levels were significantly increased in patients as compared to controls. Serum Trx was an independent biomarker to predict ischemic stroke (OR, 1.264; 95% CI, 1.04-1.537; P = 0.019). In addition, there was a negative correlation between NIHSS score at admission and serum Trx levels in cardioembolic stroke patients (r = -0.422; P = 0.013). Furthermore, higher serum Trx levels in AIS patients were associated with favorable functional outcome. Serum Trx was an independent predictor for the functional outcome (OR, 0.862; 95% CI, 0.75-0.991; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Serum Trx might be as a biomarker of cardioembolic stroke severity. Increased serum Trx levels could be a useful tool to predict good prognosis in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieer Yu
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yuanshao Lin
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Qian Li
- b Department of Neurology , Jinhua Central Hospital , Jinhua , China
| | - Jie Xue
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhengyi Cai
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Bei Shao
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
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19
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Bi M, Li Q, Guo D, Ding X, Bi W, Zhang Y, Zou Y. Sulphoraphane Improves Neuronal Mitochondrial Function in Brain Tissue in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:541-549. [PMID: 27983767 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of toxicity-related mortality and morbidity worldwide, primarily manifested by acute and delayed central nervous system (CNS) injuries and other organ damages. However, its definite pathogenesis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of the ultrastructural and functional impairment of mitochondria and the protection of sulphoraphane (SFP) at different dosages on hippocampus neurons in rats after exposure to CO. We found that CO poisoning could induce advanced cognitive dysfunction, while the mitochondrial ultrastructure of neurons in rats of the CO poisoning group was seriously damaged and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was accordingly reduced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and JC-1 fluorescent probe assay. CO poisoning could also increase the expressions of both nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) proteins and their mRNA in brain tissue with immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Early administration of either middle-dose or high-dose SFP could efficiently improve mitochondrial structure and function and enhance the antioxidative stress ability, thus exerting a positive effect against brain damage induced by acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bi
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weikang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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20
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Wang W, Li M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Guan F, Chen Q, Wang J. GSK-3β as a target for protection against transient cerebral ischemia. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:333-339. [PMID: 28553165 PMCID: PMC5436475 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This fact highlights the need to search for potential drug targets that can reduce stroke-related brain damage. We showed recently that a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor attenuates tissue plasminogen activator-induced hemorrhagic transformation after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Here, we examined whether GSK-3β inhibition mitigates early ischemia-reperfusion stroke injury and investigated its potential mechanism of action. We used the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to mimic transient cerebral ischemia. At 3.5 h after MCAO, cerebral blood flow was restored, and rats were administered DMSO (vehicle, 1% in saline) or GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 (30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after MCAO. TWS119 treatment reduced neurologic deficits, brain edema, infarct volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability compared with those in the vehicle group. TWS119 treatment also increased the protein expression of β-catenin and zonula occludens-1 but decreased β-catenin phosphorylation while suppressing the expression of GSK-3β. These results indicate that GSK-3β inhibition protects the blood-brain barrier and attenuates early ischemia-reperfusion stroke injury. This protection may be related to early activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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21
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Bas A, Gultekin G, Incir S, Bas TO, Emul M, Duran A. Level of serum thioredoxin and correlation with neurocognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia using clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics. Psychiatry Res 2017; 247:84-89. [PMID: 27871032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin is a serum antioxidant that has been investigated in the etiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is investigating the relationship between serum thioredoxin levels and cognitive functions in acute psychotic episode and remission state patients with schizophrenia; and examining whether there were differences between patients using clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics; including risperidone, olanzapine and amisulpride. This research was performed in schizophrenia patients hospitalized with acute psychotic episode (n=57), reevaluated patients after the initiation of treatment (mean 16 weeks) (n=46), and healthy controls (n=41). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinic Global Impressions Scale, Neuropsychologic test battery to assess cognitive performance, and serum thioredoxin levels measured by ELISA were used in this research. Serum thioredoxin levels were highest in acute psychotic episode, lower in the remission state and the lowest in healthy controls. Significant correlation has been established between serum thioredoxin levels and Trail Making Test-A performance in remission state patients. In conclusion, serum thioredoxin levels were increased in acute psychotic episode and decreased in remission state, and its relationship with attention is worth to consider in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Bas
- Department of Psychiatry, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Gultekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Said Incir
- Clinical Laboratory, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ocek Bas
- Department of Psychiatry, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Murat Emul
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Alaatin Duran
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul,Turkey
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Kundumani-Sridharan V, Subramani J, Das KC. Thioredoxin Activates MKK4-NFκB Pathway in a Redox-dependent Manner to Control Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17505-19. [PMID: 26028649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) is activated via phosphorylation of Ser-257 and Thr-261 by upstream MAP3Ks and activates JNK and p38 MAPKs in response to cellular stress. We show that thioredoxin (Trx), a cellular redox protein, activates MKK4 via Cys-246 and Cys-266 residues as mutation of these residues renders MKK4 insensitive to phosphorylation by MAP3Ks, TNFα, or Trx. MKK4 is activated in vitro by reduced Trx but not oxidized Trx in the absence of an upstream kinase, suggesting that autophosphorylation of this protein occurs due to reduction of Cys-246 and Cys-266 by Trx. Additionally, mutation of Cys-246 and Cys-266 resulted in loss of kinase activity suggesting that the redox state of Cys-246 and Cys-266 is a critical determinant of MKK4 activation. Trx induces manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene transcription by activating MKK4 via redox control of Cys-246 and Cys-266, as mutation of these residues abrogates MKK4 activation and MnSOD expression. We further show that MKK4 activates NFκB for its binding to the MnSOD promoter, which leads to AP-1 dissociation followed by MnSOD transcription. Taken together, our studies show that the redox status of Cys-246 and Cys-266 in MKK4 controls its activities independent of MAP3K, demonstrating integration of the endothelial redox environment to MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kundumani-Sridharan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Kumuda C Das
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
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