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Peixoto NC, Bernardi JS, Oliveira CS, Santos MSC, Marion SL, Silva RS, Rosa RM, Rodrigues OED, Pereira ME. Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activation induced by streptozotocin in mice is protected by an organotellurium compound without evidence of toxicity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20221048. [PMID: 38597499 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420221048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The cognitive deficit, which is like Alzheimer's disease and is associated with oxidative damage, may be induced by exposure to streptozotocin. This study aimed to evaluate if the tellurium-containing organocompound, 3j, 5'-arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine derivative, interferes with the effects of streptozotocin, as well as to investigate its toxicity in adult mice. Cognitive deficit was induced by two doses of streptozotocin (2.25 mg/kg/day, 48 h interval) intracerebroventricularly. After, the mice were subcutaneously treated with 3j (8.62 mg/kg/day) for 25 days. The effects were assessed by evaluating hippocampal and cortical acetylcholinesterase and behavioral tasks. 3j toxicity was investigated for 10 (0, 21.55, or 43.10 mg/kg/day) and 37 (0, 4.31, or 8.62 mg/kg/day) days by assessing biometric parameters and glucose and urea levels, and alanine aminotransferase activity in blood plasma. 3j exposure did not alter the behavioral alterations induced by streptozotocin exposure. On the other hand, 3j exposure normalized hippocampus acetylcholinesterase activity, which is enhanced by streptozotocin exposure. Toxicity evaluation showed that the administration of 3j for either 10 or 37 days did not cause harmful effects on the biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed. Therefore, 3j does not present any apparent toxicity and reverts acetylcholinesterase activity increase induced by streptozotocin in young adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilce C Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus de Palmeira das Missões, Avenida Independência, 3751, Vista Alegre, 98300-000 Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamile S Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Suelen C Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara L Marion
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Oscar E D Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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De Strooper B, Karran E. New precision medicine avenues to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease from insights into the structure and function of γ-secretases. EMBO J 2024; 43:887-903. [PMID: 38396302 PMCID: PMC10943082 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Two phase-III clinical trials with anti-amyloid peptide antibodies have met their primary goal, i.e. slowing of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, antibody therapy may not be the optimal therapeutic modality for AD prevention, as we will discuss in the context of the earlier small molecules described as "γ-secretase modulators" (GSM). We review here the structure, function, and pathobiology of γ-secretases, with a focus on how mutations in presenilin genes result in early-onset AD. Significant progress has been made in generating compounds that act in a manner opposite to pathogenic presenilin mutations: they stabilize the proteinase-substrate complex, thereby increasing the processivity of substrate cleavage and altering the size spectrum of Aβ peptides produced. We propose the term "γ-secretase allosteric stabilizers" (GSAS) to distinguish these compounds from the rather heterogenous class of GSM. The GSAS represent, in theory, a precision medicine approach to the prevention of amyloid deposition, as they specifically target a discrete aspect in a complex cell biological signalling mechanism that initiates the pathological processes leading to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Strooper
- Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, at the Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 AT, UK.
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Eric Karran
- Cambridge Research Center, AbbVie, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kumari S, Maddeboina K, Bachu RD, Boddu SHS, Trippier PC, Tiwari AK. Pivotal role of nitrogen heterocycles in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103322. [PMID: 35868626 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a detrimental neurodegenerative disease that progressively worsens with time. Clinical options are limited and only provide symptomatic relief to AD patients. The search for effective anti-AD compounds is ongoing with a few already in Phase III clinical trials, yet to be approved. Heterocycles containing nitrogen are important to biological processes owing to their abundance in nature, their function as subunits of biological molecules and/or macromolecular structures, and their biological activities. The present review discusses previously used strategies, SAR, relevant in vitro and in vivo studies, and success stories of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in AD drug discovery. Also, we propose strategies for designing and developing novel potent anti-AD small molecules that can be used as treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Krishnaiah Maddeboina
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Rinda Devi Bachu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAE
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAE; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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4
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Small molecules targeting γ-secretase and their potential biological applications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mekala S, Nelson G, Li YM. Recent developments of small molecule γ-secretase modulators for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1003-1022. [PMID: 33479693 PMCID: PMC7513388 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive neurodegenerative disorder, marked by memory loss and a decline in cognitive function. The major hallmarks of AD are the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and extracellular plaques composed of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ). The amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis proposes that the AD pathogenesis is initiated by the accumulation of Aβ peptides in the parenchyma of the brain. An aspartyl intramembranal protease called γ-secretase is responsible for the production of Aβ by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Clinical studies of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) for AD failed due to the lack of substrate specificity. Therefore, γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) have been developed as potential disease modifying agents to modulate the γ-secretase cleavage activity towards the production of toxic Aβ42 peptides. Following the first-generation 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug' (NSAID) based GSMs, second-generation GSMs (carboxylic acid based NSAID derivatives and non-NSAID derived heterocyclic analogues), as well as natural product-based GSMs, have been developed. In this review, we focus on the recent developments of small molecule-based GSMs that show potential improvements in terms of drug-like properties as well as their current status in human clinical trials and the future perspectives of GSM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekar Mekala
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
| | - Grady Nelson
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
- Pharmacology Graduate Program , Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University , New York , New York 10021 , USA
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Mandai T, Sako Y, Kurimoto E, Shimizu Y, Nakamura M, Fushimi M, Maeda R, Miyamoto M, Kimura H. T-495, a novel low cooperative M 1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, improves memory deficits associated with cholinergic dysfunction and is characterized by low gastrointestinal side effect risk. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00560. [PMID: 31990455 PMCID: PMC6986443 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 R) activation can be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with cholinergic hypofunction. However, M1 R activation causes gastrointestinal (GI) side effects in animals. We previously found that an M1 R positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with lower cooperativity (α-value) has a limited impact on ileum contraction and can produce a wider margin between cognitive improvement and GI side effects. In fact, TAK-071, a novel M1 R PAM with low cooperativity (α-value of 199), improved scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits with a wider margin against GI side effects than a high cooperative M1 R PAM, T-662 (α-value of 1786), in rats. Here, we describe the pharmacological characteristics of a novel low cooperative M1 R PAM T-495 (α-value of 170), using the clinically tested higher cooperative M1 R PAM MK-7622 (α-value of 511) as a control. In rats, T-495 caused diarrhea at a 100-fold higher dose than that required for the improvement of scopolamine-induced memory deficits. Contrastingly, MK-7622 showed memory improvement and induction of diarrhea at an equal dose. Combination of T-495, but not of MK-7622, and donepezil at each sub-effective dose improved scopolamine-induced memory deficits. Additionally, in mice with reduced acetylcholine levels in the forebrain via overexpression of A53T α-synuclein (ie, a mouse model of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia), T-495, like donepezil, reversed the memory deficits in the contextual fear conditioning test and Y-maze task. Thus, low cooperative M1 R PAMs are promising agents for the treatment of memory deficits associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Mandai
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuu Sako
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Emi Kurimoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.,Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Fushimi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryouta Maeda
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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Mandai T, Kasahara M, Kurimoto E, Tanaka M, Suzuki M, Nakatani A, Kimura H. In Vivo Pharmacological Comparison of TAK-071, a Positive Allosteric Modulator of Muscarinic M 1 Receptor, and Xanomeline, an Agonist of Muscarinic M 1/M 4 Receptor, in Rodents. Neuroscience 2019; 414:60-76. [PMID: 31299348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1R) may be an effective therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and schizophrenia. Previously, the M1R/M4R agonist xanomeline was shown to improve cognitive function and exert antipsychotic effects in patients with AD and schizophrenia. However, its clinical development was discontinued because of its cholinomimetic side effects. We compared in vivo pharmacological profiles of a novel M1R-selective positive allosteric modulator, TAK-071, and xanomeline in rodents. Xanomeline suppressed both methamphetamine- and MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion in mice, whereas TAK-071 suppressed only MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. In a previous study, we showed that TAK-071 improved scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in a rat novel object recognition task (NORT) with 33-fold margins versus cholinergic side effects (diarrhea). Xanomeline also improved scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in a NORT; however, it had no margin versus cholinergic side effects (e.g., diarrhea, salivation, and hypoactivity) in rats. These side effects were observed even in M1R knockout mice. Evaluation of c-Fos expression as a marker of neural activation revealed that xanomeline increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in several cortical areas, the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. Other than in the orbital cortex and claustrum, TAK-071 induced similar c-Fos expression patterns. When donepezil was co-administered to increase the levels of acetylcholine, the number of TAK-071-induced c-Fos-positive cells in these brain regions was increased. TAK-071, through induction of similar neural activation as that seen with xanomeline, may produce procognitive and antipsychotic effects with improved cholinergic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Mandai
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Kasahara
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Emi Kurimoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakatani
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Targeting mTOR in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020190. [PMID: 30795552 PMCID: PMC6406494 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic disorder and constitutes approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children and teenagers. Pediatric patients have a favourable prognosis, with 5-years overall survival rates near 90%, while adult ALL still correlates with poorer survival. However, during the past few decades, the therapeutic outcome of adult ALL was significantly ameliorated, mainly due to intensive pediatric-based protocols of chemotherapy. Mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase belonging to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family (PIKK) and resides in two distinct signalling complexes named mTORC1, involved in mRNA translation and protein synthesis and mTORC2 that controls cell survival and migration. Moreover, both complexes are remarkably involved in metabolism regulation. Growing evidence reports that mTOR dysregulation is related to metastatic potential, cell proliferation and angiogenesis and given that PI3K/Akt/mTOR network activation is often associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, there is a constant need to discover novel inhibitors for ALL treatment. Here, the current knowledge of mTOR signalling and the development of anti-mTOR compounds are documented, reporting the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies in ALL that have contributed significantly into their efficacy or failure.
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Mallory N, Pierro J, Raetz E, Carroll WL. The potential of precision medicine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: opportunities and challenges. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2018.1547108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mallory
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Pierro
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Raetz
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - William L. Carroll
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang HM, Chen W, Liu RN, Zhao Y. Notch inhibitor can attenuate apparent diffusion coefficient and improve neurological function through downregulating NOX2-ROS in severe traumatic brain injury. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3847-3854. [PMID: 30510400 PMCID: PMC6231429 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s174037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Secondary brain injury is a major factor that affects the prognosis and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Secondary brain edema is considered to be an initiating factor in secondary brain injury after TBI. A previous study has indicated that Notch signaling activation contributes to neuron death in mice affected by stroke; however, its role in neuronal oxidation stress for brain edema after TBI is not well established. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values can represent the brain edema after TBI. Methods We established a rat model of acute craniocerebral injury, using functional MRI to evaluate the ADC and cerebral blood flow values. The present study was designed to determine the effect of Notch inhibitor DAPT upon oxidation stress for brain edema after TBI. Rats were randomly distributed into five groups, control group, severe TBI group, severe TBI + vehicle group, severe TBI + DAPT group, and severe TBI + DPI group. All rats were sacrificed at 24 hours after TBI. Results Our data indicated that Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT significantly reduced the ADC values and improved the neurological function after TBI. In addition, DAPT decreased NOX2 levels and the ROS levels. Furthermore, DPI can decrease NOX2 levels and ROS levels. Conclusion This study indicated that DAPT Notch signal inhibitors can inhibit NOX2-ROS generation, reduce the ADC values, relieve cerebral edema, and improve nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zhang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China, .,Emergency Department, The Second Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ning Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
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Zhou J, Meng L, Ye W, Wang Q, Geng S, Sun C. A sensitive detection assay based on signal amplification technology for Alzheimer's disease's early biomarker in exosome. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1022:124-130. [PMID: 29729732 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) considered as the third health "killer" has seriously threatened the health of the elderly. However, the modern diagnostic strategies of AD present several disadvantages: the low accuracy and specificity resulting in some false-negative diagnoses, and the poor sensitivity leading to a delayed treatment. In view of this situation, a enzyme-free and target-triggered signal amplification strategy, based on graphene oxide (GO) and entropy-driven strand displacement reaction (ESDR) principle, was proposed. In this strategy, when the hairpin structure probes (H)specially binds with beta-amyloid-(1-42) oligomers (Aβ42 oligomers), it's structure will be opened, causing the bases complementary to FAM-labeled replacement probes R (R1 and R2) exposed. At this time, R1 and R2 will hybridize with H, resulting in the bound Aβ42 oligomers released. The released Aβ42 oligomers would participate in the next cycle reaction, making the signal amplified. As a quencher, GO could absorb the free single-stranded DNA R1 and R2 and quench their fluorescence; however, the DNA duplex still exists free and keeps its signal-on. Through the detection of Aβ42 oligomers in exosomes, this ultrasensitive detection method with the advantages of low limit of detection (LOD, 20 pM), great accuracy, excellent precision and convenience provides an excellent prospect for AD's early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Lingchang Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Weiran Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Qiaolei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Shizhen Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Chong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
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12
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Rahman MA, Rhim H. Therapeutic implication of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. BMB Rep 2018; 50:345-354. [PMID: 28454606 PMCID: PMC5584741 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.7.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a catabolic process necessary for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, has recently been the focus of numerous human diseases and conditions, such as aging, cancer, development, immunity, longevity, and neurodegeneration. However, the continued presence of autophagy is essential for cell survival and dysfunctional autophagy is thought to speed up the progression of neurodegeneration. The actual molecular mechanism behind the progression of dysfunctional autophagy is not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that basal autophagy is necessary for the removal of misfolded, aggregated proteins and damaged cellular organelles through lysosomal mediated degradation. Physiologically, neurodegenerative disorders are related to the accumulation of amyloid β peptide and α-synuclein protein aggregation, as seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. Even though autophagy could impact several facets of human biology and disease, it generally functions as a clearance for toxic proteins in the brain, which contributes novel insight into the pathophysiological understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, several studies demonstrate that natural compounds or small molecule autophagy enhancer stimuli are essential in the clearance of amyloid β and α-synuclein deposits. Therefore, this review briefly deliberates on the recent implications of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorder control, and emphasizes the opportunities and potential therapeutic application of applied autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792; Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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13
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Berberine improves cognitive impairment by promoting autophagic clearance and inhibiting production of β-amyloid in APP/tau/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2017; 91:25-33. [PMID: 28223223 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the neuroprotective properties of berberine (a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Rhizoma coptidis) and finds that berberine could promote β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance and inhibit Aβ production in the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3×Tg-AD). During the study, berberine was first administrated to treat 3×Tg-AD mice and primary neurons. Morris water maze assay, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and histological analysis, transmission electron microscopic analysis were then used to evaluate the effects of the berberine administration. The result showed that berberine significantly improved 3×Tg-AD mice's spatial learning capacity and memory retention, promoted autophagy activity identified by the enhancement of brain LC3-II, beclin-1, hVps34, and Cathepsin-D levels as well as the reduction of brain P62 and Bcl-2 levels in AD mice, facilitated reduction of Aβ and APP levels, reduced Aβ plaque deposition in the hippocampus of AD mice, and inhibited b-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression. Similar results were also found in 3×Tg-AD primary hippocampal neurons: berbernine treatment decreased the levels of extracellular and intracellular Aβ1-42, increased the protein levels of LC3-II, beclin-1, hVps34, and Cathepsin-D, and decreased the levels of P62, Bcl-2, APP and BACE1 levels. In summary, berberine shows neuroprotective effects on 3×Tg-AD mice and may be a promising multitarget drug in the preventionand protection against AD.
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Mellott TJ, Huleatt OM, Shade BN, Pender SM, Liu YB, Slack BE, Blusztajn JK. Perinatal Choline Supplementation Reduces Amyloidosis and Increases Choline Acetyltransferase Expression in the Hippocampus of the APPswePS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170450. [PMID: 28103298 PMCID: PMC5245895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major goal of biomedical sciences. In previous studies we showed that high intake of the essential nutrient, choline, during gestation prevented age-related memory decline in a rat model. In this study we investigated the effects of a similar treatment on AD-related phenotypes in a mouse model of AD. We crossed wild type (WT) female mice with hemizygous APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP.PS1) AD model male mice and maintained the pregnant and lactating dams on a control AIN76A diet containing 1.1 g/kg of choline or a choline-supplemented (5 g/kg) diet. After weaning all offspring consumed the control diet. As compared to APP.PS1 mice reared on the control diet, the hippocampus of the perinatally choline-supplemented APP.PS1 mice exhibited: 1) altered levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolites-specifically elevated amounts of β-C-terminal fragment (β-CTF) and reduced levels of solubilized amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides; 2) reduced number and total area of amyloid plaques; 3) preserved levels of choline acetyltransferase protein (CHAT) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) and 4) absence of astrogliosis. The data suggest that dietary supplementation of choline during fetal development and early postnatal life may constitute a preventive strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J. Mellott
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivia M. Huleatt
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bethany N. Shade
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Pender
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi B. Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Slack
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan K. Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Discovery of novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives as γ-secretase modulators (Part 2). Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3192-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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