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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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2
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Zobaroğlu-Özer P, Bora-Akoğlu G. Split but merge: Golgi fragmentation in physiological and pathological conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:214. [PMID: 38280063 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a highly dynamic and tightly regulated cellular organelle with essential roles in the processing as well as the sorting of proteins and lipids. Its structure undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during normal physiological processes, including cell division, migration, polarization, differentiation, and cell death. Golgi dispersal or fragmentation also occurs in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, congenital disorders of glycosylation diseases, and cancer. In this review, current knowledge about both structural organization and morphological alterations in the Golgi in physiological and pathological conditions is summarized together with the methodologies that help to reveal its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Zobaroğlu-Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Gamze Bora-Akoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Custer SK, Gilson T, Astroski JW, Nanguneri SR, Iurillo AM, Androphy EJ. COPI coatomer subunit α-COP interacts with the RNA binding protein Nucleolin via a C-terminal dilysine motif. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3263-3275. [PMID: 37658769 PMCID: PMC10656708 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COPI coatomer subunit α-COP has been shown to co-precipitate mRNA in multiple settings, but it was unclear whether the interaction with mRNA was direct or mediated by interaction with an adapter protein. The COPI complex often interacts with proteins via C-terminal dilysine domains. A search for candidate RNA binding proteins with C-terminal dilysine motifs yielded Nucleolin, which terminates in a KKxKxx sequence. This protein was an especially intriguing candidate as it has been identified as an interacting partner for Survival Motor Neuron protein (SMN). Loss of SMN causes the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy. We have previously shown that SMN and α-COP interact and co-migrate in axons, and that overexpression of α-COP reduced phenotypic severity in cell culture and animal models of SMA. We show here that in an mRNA independent manner, endogenous Nucleolin co-precipitates endogenous α-COP and ε-COP but not β-COP which may reflect an interaction with the so-called B-subcomplex rather a complete COPI heptamer. The ability of Nucleolin to bind to α-COP requires the presence of the C-terminal KKxKxx domain of Nucleolin. Furthermore, we have generated a point mutant in the WD40 domain of α-COP which eliminates its ability to co-precipitate Nucleolin but does not interfere with precipitation of partners mediated by non-KKxKxx motifs such as the kainate receptor subunit 2. We propose that via interaction between the C-terminal dilysine motif of Nucleolin and the WD40 domain of α-COP, Nucleolin acts an adaptor to allow α-COP to interact with a population of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Custer
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Timra Gilson
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jacob W Astroski
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddarth R Nanguneri
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alyssa M Iurillo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10 St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Elliot J Androphy
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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4
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Maddison DC, Malik B, Amadio L, Bis-Brewer DM, Züchner S, Peters OM, Smith GA. COPI-regulated mitochondria-ER contact site formation maintains axonal integrity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112883. [PMID: 37498742 PMCID: PMC10840514 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex I (COPI) is best known for its role in Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trafficking, responsible for the retrograde transport of ER-resident proteins. The ER is crucial to neuronal function, regulating Ca2+ homeostasis and the distribution and function of other organelles such as endosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria via functional contact sites. Here we demonstrate that disruption of COPI results in mitochondrial dysfunction in Drosophila axons and human cells. The ER network is also disrupted, and the neurons undergo rapid degeneration. We demonstrate that mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) are decreased in COPI-deficient axons, leading to Ca2+ dysregulation, heightened mitophagy, and a decrease in respiratory capacity. Reintroducing MERCS is sufficient to rescue not only mitochondrial distribution and Ca2+ uptake but also ER morphology, dramatically delaying neurodegeneration. This work demonstrates an important role for COPI-mediated trafficking in MERC formation, which is an essential process for maintaining axonal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Maddison
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Bilal Malik
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Leonardo Amadio
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Dana M Bis-Brewer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Owen M Peters
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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The role of CaMKK2 in Golgi-associated vesicle trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:331-342. [PMID: 36815702 PMCID: PMC9987998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase, that is involved in maintaining various physiological and cellular processes within the cell that regulate energy homeostasis and cell growth. CaMKK2 regulates glucose metabolism by the activation of downstream kinases, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Consequently, its deregulation has a role in multiple human metabolic diseases including obesity and cancer. Despite the importance of CaMKK2, its signalling pathways and pathological mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent work has been aimed at broadening our understanding of the biological functions of CaMKK2. These studies have uncovered new interaction partners that have led to the description of new functions that include lipogenesis and Golgi vesicle trafficking. Here, we review recent insights into the role of CaMKK2 in membrane trafficking mechanisms and discuss the functional implications in a cellular context and for disease.
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Choi W, Kang S, Kim J. New insights into the role of the Golgi apparatus in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of human diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:671-692. [PMID: 36178581 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an essential cellular organelle that mediates homeostatic functions, including vesicle trafficking and the post-translational modification of macromolecules. Its unique stacked structure and dynamic functions are tightly regulated, and several Golgi proteins play key roles in the functioning of unconventional protein secretory pathways triggered by cellular stress responses. Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated defects in Golgi functioning in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and immunological disorders. Understanding the extraordinary characteristics of Golgi proteins is important for elucidating its associated intracellular signaling mechanisms and has important ramifications for human health. Therefore, analyzing the mechanisms by which the Golgi participates in disease pathogenesis may be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review articulates the structural features and abnormalities of the Golgi apparatus reported in various diseases and the suspected mechanisms underlying the Golgi-associated pathologies. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic strategies based on Golgi function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Shinwon Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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Umer N, Arévalo L, Phadke S, Lohanadan K, Kirfel G, Sons D, Sofia D, Witke W, Schorle H. Loss of Profilin3 Impairs Spermiogenesis by Affecting Acrosome Biogenesis, Autophagy, Manchette Development and Mitochondrial Organization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749559. [PMID: 34869336 PMCID: PMC8632698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins (PFNs) are key regulatory proteins for the actin polymerization in cells and are encoded in mouse and humans by four Pfn genes. PFNs are involved in cell mobility, cell growth, neurogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells. The testes-specific PFN3 is localized in the acroplaxome-manchette complex of developing spermatozoa. We demonstrate that PFN3 further localizes in the Golgi complex and proacrosomal vesicles during spermiogenesis, suggesting a role in vesicle transport for acrosome formation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated mice deficient for Pfn3. Pfn3-/- males are subfertile, displaying a type II globozoospermia. We revealed that Pfn3-/- sperm display abnormal manchette development leading to an amorphous sperm head shape. Additionally, Pfn3-/- sperm showed reduced sperm motility resulting from flagellum deformities. We show that acrosome biogenesis is impaired starting from the Golgi phase, and mature sperm seems to suffer from a cytoplasm removal defect. An RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of Trim27 and downregulation of Atg2a. As a consequence, mTOR was activated and AMPK was suppressed, resulting in the inhibition of autophagy. This dysregulation of AMPK/mTOR affected the autophagic flux, which is hallmarked by LC3B accumulation and increased SQSTM1 protein levels. Autophagy is involved in proacrosomal vesicle fusion and transport to form the acrosome. We conclude that this disruption leads to the observed malformation of the acrosome. TRIM27 is associated with PFN3 as determined by co-immunoprecipitation from testis extracts. Further, actin-related protein ARPM1 was absent in the nuclear fraction of Pfn3-/- testes and sperm. This suggests that lack of PFN3 leads to destabilization of the PFN3-ARPM1 complex, resulting in the degradation of ARPM1. Interestingly, in the Pfn3-/- testes, we detected increased protein levels of essential actin regulatory proteins, cofilin-1 (CFL1), cofilin-2 (CFL2), and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). Taken together, our results reveal the importance for PFN3 in male fertility and implicate this protein as a candidate for male factor infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Umer
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sharang Phadke
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gregor Kirfel
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Sons
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Sofia
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Witke
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Macken WL, Godwin A, Wheway G, Stals K, Nazlamova L, Ellard S, Alfares A, Aloraini T, AlSubaie L, Alfadhel M, Alajaji S, Wai HA, Self J, Douglas AGL, Kao AP, Guille M, Baralle D. Biallelic variants in COPB1 cause a novel, severe intellectual disability syndrome with cataracts and variable microcephaly. Genome Med 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 33632302 PMCID: PMC7908744 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coat protein complex 1 (COPI) is integral in the sorting and retrograde trafficking of proteins and lipids from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In recent years, coat proteins have been implicated in human diseases known collectively as "coatopathies". METHODS Whole exome or genome sequencing of two families with a neuro-developmental syndrome, variable microcephaly and cataracts revealed biallelic variants in COPB1, which encodes the beta-subunit of COPI (β-COP). To investigate Family 1's splice donor site variant, we undertook patient blood RNA studies and CRISPR/Cas9 modelling of this variant in a homologous region of the Xenopus tropicalis genome. To investigate Family 2's missense variant, we studied cellular phenotypes of human retinal epithelium and embryonic kidney cell lines transfected with a COPB1 expression vector into which we had introduced Family 2's mutation. RESULTS We present a new recessive coatopathy typified by severe developmental delay and cataracts and variable microcephaly. A homozygous splice donor site variant in Family 1 results in two aberrant transcripts, one of which causes skipping of exon 8 in COPB1 pre-mRNA, and a 36 amino acid in-frame deletion, resulting in the loss of a motif at a small interaction interface between β-COP and β'-COP. Xenopus tropicalis animals with a homologous mutation, introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, recapitulate features of the human syndrome including microcephaly and cataracts. In vitro modelling of the COPB1 c.1651T>G p.Phe551Val variant in Family 2 identifies defective Golgi to ER recycling of this mutant β-COP, with the mutant protein being retarded in the Golgi. CONCLUSIONS This adds to the growing body of evidence that COPI subunits are essential in brain development and human health and underlines the utility of exome and genome sequencing coupled with Xenopus tropicalis CRISPR/Cas modelling for the identification and characterisation of novel rare disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Macken
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Coxford Rd, Southampton, SO165YA, UK
| | - Annie Godwin
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth School of Biological Sciences, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Level 3 RILD building, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Liliya Nazlamova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Level 3 RILD building, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD building, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ahmed Alfares
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghrid Aloraini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia AlSubaie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Alajaji
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Htoo A Wai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jay Self
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Coxford Rd, Southampton, SO165YA, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alexander P Kao
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Matthew Guille
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth School of Biological Sciences, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
| | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Coxford Rd, Southampton, SO165YA, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Duthie Building, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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9
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Astroski JW, Akporyoe LK, Androphy EJ, Custer SK. Mutations in the COPI coatomer subunit α-COP induce release of Aβ-42 and amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain and increase tau oligomerization and release. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:57-69. [PMID: 33582567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular processes that lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical, and one key lies in the genetics of families with histories of AD. Mutations a complex known as COPI were found in families with AD. The COPI complex is involved in protein processing and trafficking. Intriguingly, several recent publications have found components of the COPI complex can affect the metabolism of pathogenic AD proteins. We reduced levels of the COPI subunit α-COP, altering maturation and cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in decreased release of Aβ-42 and decreased accumulation of the AICD. Depletion of α-COP reduced uptake of proteopathic Tau seeds and reduces intracellular Tau self-association. Expression of AD-associated mutant α-COP altered APP processing, resulting in increased release of Aβ-42 and increased intracellular Tau aggregation and release of Tau oligomers. These results show that COPI coatomer function modulates processing of both APP and Tau, and expression of AD-associated α-COP confers a toxic gain of function, resulting in potentially pathogenic changes in both APP and Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Astroski
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Elliot J Androphy
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sara K Custer
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Bora G, Hensel N, Rademacher S, Koyunoğlu D, Sunguroğlu M, Aksu-Mengeş E, Balcı-Hayta B, Claus P, Erdem-Yurter H. Microtubule-associated protein 1B dysregulates microtubule dynamics and neuronal mitochondrial transport in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3935-3944. [PMID: 33410474 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating childhood disease primarily affecting lower motoneurons in the spinal cord. SMA is caused by the loss of functional survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein, leading to structural and functional alterations of the cytoskeleton in motoneurons and other cells. Loss of SMN results in impairments of microtubule architecture, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we mechanistically analyzed the effects of SMN deficiency on microtubules, demonstrating a reduced stability together with a reduction in alpha tubulin detyrosination. This was caused by increased levels of microtubule-associated protein 1B and tubulin tyrosine ligase, resulting in mitochondrial mislocalization in SMA. Our findings suggest that altered tubulin post-translational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins are involved in the pathomechanisms of SMA, such as an impaired axonal transport of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bora
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dila Koyunoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Merve Sunguroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aksu-Mengeş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balcı-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, OE 4140, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hayat Erdem-Yurter
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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11
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Smith TP, Sahoo PK, Kar AN, Twiss JL. Intra-axonal mechanisms driving axon regeneration. Brain Res 2020; 1740:146864. [PMID: 32360100 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the peripheral and central nervous systems very often causes axotomy, where an axon loses connections with its target resulting in loss of function. The axon segments distal to the injury site lose connection with the cell body and degenerate. Axotomized neurons in the periphery can spontaneously mount a regenerative response and reconnect to their denervated target tissues, though this is rarely complete in humans. In contrast, spontaneous regeneration rarely occurs after axotomy in the spinal cord and brain. Here, we concentrate on the mechanisms underlying this spontaneous regeneration in the peripheral nervous system, focusing on events initiated from the axon that support regenerative growth. We contrast this with what is known for axonal injury responses in the central nervous system. Considering the neuropathy focus of this special issue, we further draw parallels and distinctions between the injury-response mechanisms that initiate regenerative gene expression programs and those that are known to trigger axon degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terika P Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Golgi Fragmentation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Is There a Common Cause? Cells 2019; 8:cells8070748. [PMID: 31331075 PMCID: PMC6679019 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian cells, the Golgi complex forms a continuous ribbon. In neurodegenerative diseases, the Golgi ribbon of a specific group of neurons is typically broken into isolated elements, a very early event which happens before clinical and other pathological symptoms become evident. It is not known whether this phenomenon is caused by mechanisms associated with cell death or if, conversely, it triggers apoptosis. When the phenomenon was studied in diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it was attributed to a variety of causes, including the presence of cytoplasmatic protein aggregates, malfunctioning of intracellular traffic and/or alterations in the cytoskeleton. In the present review, we summarize the current findings related to these and other neurodegenerative diseases and try to search for clues on putative common causes.
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Custer SK, Astroski JW, Li HX, Androphy EJ. Interaction between alpha-COP and SMN ameliorates disease phenotype in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:530-537. [PMID: 31060774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that expression of the α-COP protein rescues disease phenotype in a severe mouse model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Lentiviral particles expressing α-COP were injected directly into the testes of genetically pure mouse strain of interest resulting in infection of the spermatagonial stem cells. α-COP was stably expressed in brain, skeletal muscle, and spinal cord without altering SMN protein levels. SMA mice transgenic for α-COP live significantly longer than their non-transgenic littermates, and showed increased body mass and normal muscle morphology at postnatal day 15. We previously reported that binding between SMN and α-COP is required for restoration of neurite outgrowth in cells lacking SMN, and we report similar finding here. Lentiviral-mediated transgenic expression of SMN where the dilysine domain in exon 2b was mutated was not able to rescue the SMA phenotype despite robust expression of the mutant SMN protein in brain, muscle and spinal cord. These results demonstrate that α-COP is a validated modifier of SMA disease phenotype in a mammalian, vertebrate model and is a potential target for development of future SMN-independent therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Custer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dermatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jacob W Astroski
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dermatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Xia Li
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dermatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elliot J Androphy
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dermatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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