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De Paolis ML, Paoletti I, Zaccone C, Capone F, D'Amelio M, Krashia P. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at gamma frequency: an up-and-coming tool to modify the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:33. [PMID: 38926897 PMCID: PMC11210106 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed huge efforts devoted to deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to testing new drugs, with the recent FDA approval of two anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for AD treatment. Beyond these drug-based experimentations, a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are exploring the benefits of alternative treatments, such as non-invasive stimulation techniques on AD neuropathology and symptoms. Among the different non-invasive brain stimulation approaches, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is gaining particular attention due to its ability to externally control gamma oscillations. Here, we outline the current knowledge concerning the clinical efficacy, safety, ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness of tACS on early and advanced AD, applied specifically at 40 Hz frequency, and also summarise pre-clinical results on validated models of AD and ongoing patient-centred trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa De Paolis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Paoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso Di Fiorano, 64 - 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso Di Fiorano, 64 - 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
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2
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Leitch B. Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5549. [PMID: 38791587 PMCID: PMC11122153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin expressing (PV+) GABAergic interneurons are fast spiking neurons that provide powerful but relatively short-lived inhibition to principal excitatory cells in the brain. They play a vital role in feedforward and feedback synaptic inhibition, preventing run away excitation in neural networks. Hence, their dysfunction can lead to hyperexcitability and increased susceptibility to seizures. PV+ interneurons are also key players in generating gamma oscillations, which are synchronized neural oscillations associated with various cognitive functions. PV+ interneuron are particularly vulnerable to aging and their degeneration has been associated with cognitive decline and memory impairment in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overall, dysfunction of PV+ interneurons disrupts the normal excitatory/inhibitory balance within specific neurocircuits in the brain and thus has been linked to a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the role of dysfunctional PV+ inhibitory interneurons in the generation of epileptic seizures and cognitive impairment and their potential as targets in the design of future therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders. Recent research using cutting-edge optogenetic and chemogenetic technologies has demonstrated that they can be selectively manipulated to control seizures and restore the balance of neural activity in the brains of animal models. This suggests that PV+ interneurons could be important targets in developing future treatments for patients with epilepsy and comorbid disorders, such as AD, where seizures and cognitive decline are directly linked to specific PV+ interneuron deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beulah Leitch
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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3
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Bonifazi G, Luchena C, Gaminde-Blasco A, Ortiz-Sanz C, Capetillo-Zarate E, Matute C, Alberdi E, De Pittà M. A nonlinear meccano for Alzheimer's emergence by amyloid β-mediated glutamatergic hyperactivity. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106473. [PMID: 38493903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to begin many years before the formal diagnosis of AD dementia. This protracted preclinical phase offers a crucial window for potential therapeutic interventions, yet its comprehensive characterization remains elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) may mediate neuronal hyperactivity in circuit dysfunction in the early stages of AD. At the same time, neural activity can also facilitate Aβ accumulation through intricate feed-forward interactions, complicating elucidating the conditions governing Aβ-dependent hyperactivity and its diagnostic utility. In this study, we use biophysical modeling to shed light on such conditions. Our analysis reveals that the inherently nonlinear nature of the underlying molecular interactions can give rise to the emergence of various modes of hyperactivity. This diversity in the mechanisms of hyperactivity may ultimately account for a spectrum of AD manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bonifazi
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Celia Luchena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortiz-Sanz
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maurizio De Pittà
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
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4
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Kiss E, Kins S, Gorgas K, Venczel Szakács KH, Kirsch J, Kuhse J. Another Use for a Proven Drug: Experimental Evidence for the Potential of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4165. [PMID: 38673751 PMCID: PMC11049906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived multitarget compounds may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Artemisinin and its derivatives were indicated to beneficially modulate various aspects of AD pathology in different AD animal models through the regulation of a wide range of different cellular processes, such as energy homeostasis, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we aimed to provide an up-to-date overview of the experimental evidence documenting the neuroprotective activities of artemi-sinins to underscore the potential of these already-approved drugs for treating AD also in humans and propose their consideration for carefully designed clinical trials. In particular, the benefits to the main pathological hallmarks and events in the pathological cascade throughout AD development in different animal models of AD are summarized. Moreover, dose- and context-dependent effects of artemisinins are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.K.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 69120 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Karin Gorgas
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Kinga Hajnal Venczel Szakács
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Joachim Kirsch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Jochen Kuhse
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.G.); (J.K.)
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5
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Almeida VN. Somatostatin and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102270. [PMID: 38484981 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Among the central features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression are altered levels of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST), and the colocalisation of SST-positive interneurons (SST-INs) with amyloid-β plaques, leading to cell death. In this theoretical review, I propose a molecular model for the pathogenesis of AD based on SST-IN hypofunction and hyperactivity. Namely, hypofunctional and hyperactive SST-INs struggle to control hyperactivity in medial regions in early stages, leading to axonal Aβ production through excessive presynaptic GABAB inhibition, GABAB1a/APP complex downregulation and internalisation. Concomitantly, excessive SST-14 release accumulates near SST-INs in the form of amyloids, which bind to Aβ to form toxic mixed oligomers. This leads to differential SST-IN death through excitotoxicity, further disinhibition, SST deficits, and increased Aβ release, fibrillation and plaque formation. Aβ plaques, hyperactive networks and SST-IN distributions thereby tightly overlap in the brain. Conversely, chronic stimulation of postsynaptic SST2/4 on gulutamatergic neurons by hyperactive SST-INs promotes intense Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) p38 activity, leading to somatodendritic p-tau staining and apoptosis/neurodegeneration - in agreement with a near complete overlap between p38 and neurofibrillary tangles. This model is suitable to explain some of the principal risk factors and markers of AD progression, including mitochondrial dysfunction, APOE4 genotype, sex-dependent vulnerability, overactive glial cells, dystrophic neurites, synaptic/spine losses, inter alia. Finally, the model can also shed light on qualitative aspects of AD neuropsychology, especially within the domains of spatial and declarative (episodic, semantic) memory, under an overlying pattern of contextual indiscrimination, ensemble instability, interference and generalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Almeida
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Faculty of Languages, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.
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6
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Elewa YHA, AL‐Farga A, Aqlan F, Zahran MH, Batiha GE. Sleep disorders cause Parkinson's disease or the reverse is true: Good GABA good night. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14521. [PMID: 38491789 PMCID: PMC10943276 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) presented with motor and non-motor symptoms. PD symptoms are developed in response to the disturbance of diverse neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA has a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by protecting DNs in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). It has been shown that the degeneration of GABAergic neurons is linked with the degeneration of DNs and the progression of motor and non-motor PD symptoms. GABA neurotransmission is a necessary pathway for normal sleep patterns, thus deregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in PD could be the potential cause of sleep disorders in PD. AIM Sleep disorders affect GABA neurotransmission leading to memory and cognitive dysfunction in PD. For example, insomnia and short sleep duration are associated with a reduction of brain GABA levels. Moreover, PD-related disorders including rigidity and nocturia influence sleep patterns leading to fragmented sleep which may also affect PD neuropathology. However, the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology regarding motor and non-motor symptoms is not fully elucidated. Therefore, this narrative review aims to clarify the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology mainly in sleep disorders, and how good GABA improves PD. In addition, this review of published articles tries to elucidate how sleep disorders such as insomnia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affect PD neuropathology and severity. The present review has many limitations including the paucity of prospective studies and most findings are taken from observational and preclinical studies. GABA involvement in the pathogenesis of PD has been recently discussed by recent studies. Therefore, future prospective studies regarding the use of GABA agonists in the management of PD are suggested to observe their distinct effects on motor and non-motor symptoms. CONCLUSION There is a bidirectional relationship between the pathogenesis of PD and sleep disorders which might be due to GABA deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali K. Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ammar AL‐Farga
- Biochemistry Department, College of SciencesUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudia Arbia
| | - Faisal Aqlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesIbb UniversityIbb GovernorateYemen
| | | | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhur UniversityDamanhurEgypt
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7
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He W, Shi X, Dong Z. The roles of RACK1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:137-148. [PMID: 38410996 PMCID: PMC11001590 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways and is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. RACK1 is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the central nervous system and regulates the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, RACK1 is involved in regulation of the amyloid-β precursor protein processing through α- or β-secretase by binding to different protein kinase C isoforms. Additionally, RACK1 promotes synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and activating gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors, thereby preventing neuronal excitotoxicity. RACK1 also assembles inflammasomes that are involved in various neuroinflammatory pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 pathways. The potential to design therapeutics that block amyloid-β accumulation and inflammation or precisely regulate synaptic plasticity represents an attractive therapeutic strategy, in which RACK1 is a potential target. In this review, we summarize the contribution of RACK1 to the pathogenesis of AD and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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8
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Carello-Collar G, Bellaver B, Ferreira PCL, Ferrari-Souza JP, Ramos VG, Therriault J, Tissot C, De Bastiani MA, Soares C, Pascoal TA, Rosa-Neto P, Souza DO, Zimmer ER. The GABAergic system in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5025-5036. [PMID: 37419974 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system is the primary inhibitory neurotransmission system in the mammalian brain. Its dysregulation has been shown in multiple brain conditions, but in Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies have provided contradictory results. Here, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate whether the GABAergic system is altered in AD patients compared to healthy controls (HC), following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to March 18th, 2023 for studies reporting GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67, GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors, GABA transporters (GAT) 1-3 and vesicular GAT in the brain, and GABA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 index, and the risk of bias was assessed with an adapted questionnaire from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The search identified 3631 articles, and 48 met the final inclusion criteria (518 HC, mean age 72.2, and 603 AD patients, mean age 75.6). Random-effects meta-analysis [standardized mean difference (SMD)] revealed that AD patients presented lower GABA levels in the brain (SMD = -0.48 [95% CI = -0.7, -0.27], adjusted p value (adj. p) < 0.001) and in the CSF (-0.41 [-0.72, -0.09], adj. p = 0.042), but not in the blood (-0.63 [-1.35, 0.1], adj. p = 0.176). In addition, GAD65/67 (-0.67 [-1.15, -0.2], adj. p = 0.006), GABAA receptor (-0.51 [-0.7, -0.33], adj. p < 0.001), and GABA transporters (-0.51 [-0.92, -0.09], adj. p = 0.016) were lower in the AD brain. Here, we showed a global reduction of GABAergic system components in the brain and lower GABA levels in the CSF of AD patients. Our findings suggest the GABAergic system is vulnerable to AD pathology and should be considered a potential target for developing pharmacological strategies and novel AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carello-Collar
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Pamela C L Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - João Pedro Ferrari-Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Vanessa G Ramos
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Joseph Therriault
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marco A De Bastiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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9
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Hijazi S, Smit AB, van Kesteren RE. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4954-4967. [PMID: 37419975 PMCID: PMC11041664 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hijazi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Rivera J, Sharma B, Torres MM, Kumar S. Factors affecting the GABAergic synapse function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microRNAs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102123. [PMID: 37967653 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by the loss of cognitive function, confusion, and memory deficit. Accumulation of abnormal proteins, amyloid beta (Aß), and phosphorylated Tau (p-tau) forms plaques and tangles that deteriorate synapse function, resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. The human brain is composed of different types of neurons and/or synapses that are functionally defective in AD. The GABAergic synapse, the most abundant inhibitory neuron in the human brain was found to be dysfunctional in AD and contributes to disrupting neurological function. This study explored the types of GABA receptors associated with neurological dysfunction and various biological and environmental factors that cause GABAergic neuron dysfunction in AD, such as Aβ, p-tau, aging, sex, astrocytes, microglia, APOE, mental disorder, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Furthermore, we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders and AD states. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying GABAergic synapse dysfunction with a focus on miR-27b, miR-30a, miR-190a/b, miR-33, miR-51, miR-129-5p, miR-376-3p, miR-376c, miR-30b and miR-502-3p. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent research on miRNAs affecting the regulation of GABAergic synapse function and factors that contribute to the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Rivera
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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11
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Yu W, Chen L, Li X, Han T, Yang Y, Hu C, Yu W, Lü Y. Alteration of Metabolic Profiles during the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1459. [PMID: 37891827 PMCID: PMC10605479 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that threatens the population health of older adults. However, the mechanisms of the altered metabolism involved in AD pathology are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to identify the potential biomarkers of AD and discover the metabolomic changes produced during the progression of the disease. (2) Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the concentrations of the serum metabolites in a cohort of subjects with AD (n = 88) and a cognitively normal control (CN) group (n = 85). The patients were classified as very mild (n = 25), mild (n = 27), moderate (n = 25), and severe (n = 11). The serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using multivariate and univariate approaches. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was applied to identify the potential biomarkers of AD. Biofunctional enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. (3) Results: Our results revealed considerable separation between the AD and CN groups. Six metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of AD (AUC > 0.85), and the diagnostic model of three metabolites could predict the risk of AD with high accuracy (AUC = 0.984). The metabolic enrichment analysis revealed that carbohydrate metabolism deficiency and the disturbance of amino acid, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism were involved in AD progression. Especially, the pathway analysis highlighted that l-glutamate participated in four crucial nervous system pathways (including the GABAergic synapse, the glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and the synaptic vesicle cycle). (4) Conclusions: Carbohydrate metabolism deficiency and amino acid dysregulation, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism disorders were pivotal events in AD progression. Our study may provide novel insights into the role of metabolic disorders in AD pathogenesis and identify new markers for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Xuebing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Tingli Han
- Department of Obsetric and Gyncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
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12
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Zhang A, Wengler K, Zhu X, Horga G, Goldberg TE, Lee S. Altered hierarchical gradients of intrinsic neural timescales in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559549. [PMID: 37808862 PMCID: PMC10557723 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of older adults in the US and worldwide. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become a widely used neuroimaging tool to study neurophysiology in AD and its prodromal condition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The intrinsic neural timescale (INT), which can be estimated through the magnitude of the autocorrelation of intrinsic neural signals using rs-fMRI, is thought to quantify the duration that neural information is stored in a local cortical circuit. The heterogeneity of the timescales is considered to be a basis of the functional hierarchy in the brain. In addition, INT captures an aspect of circuit dynamics relevant to excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, which is thought to be broadly relevant for cognitive functions. Here we examined its relevance to AD. We used rs-fMRI data of 904 individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on their baseline and end-visit clinical status, which were cognitively normal (CN), stable MCI, Converter, and AD groups. Linear mixed effect model and pairwise comparison were implemented to investigate the large-scale hierarchical organization and local differences. We observed high similarities between AD and Converter groups. Specifically, among the eight identified ROIs with distinct INT alterations in AD, three ROIs (inferior temporal, caudate, pallidum areas) exhibit stable and significant alteration in AD converter. In addition, distinct INT related pathological changes in stable MCI and AD/Converter were found. For AD and Converter groups, neural information is stored for a longer time in lower hierarchical order areas, while higher levels of hierarchy seem to be preferentially impaired in stable MCI leading to a less pronounced hierarchical gradient effect. These results inform that the INT holds great potential as an additional measure for AD prediction, a stable biomarker for clinical diagnosis and an important therapeutic target in AD.
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13
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López-Villodres JA, Escamilla A, Mercado-Sáenz S, Alba-Tercedor C, Rodriguez-Perez LM, Arranz-Salas I, Sanchez-Varo R, Bermúdez D. Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1846. [PMID: 37509487 PMCID: PMC10377071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or detrimental microbial end-products can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce or at least potentiate the neuropathological progression of AD. Thus, after repeated failure to find a cure for this dementia, a necessary paradigmatic shift towards considering AD as a systemic disorder has occurred. Here, we present an overview of the use of germ-free and/or transgenic animal models as valid tools to unravel the connection between dysbiosis, metabolic diseases, and AD, and to investigate novel therapeutical targets. Given the high impact of dietary habits, not only on the microbiota but also on other well-established AD risk factors such as diabetes or obesity, consistent changes of lifestyle along with microbiome-based therapies should be considered as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Tercedor
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Rodriguez-Perez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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14
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Hirota Y, Sakakibara Y, Takei K, Nishijima R, Sekiya M, Iijima KM. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Phospho-Tau181 Signals Are Localized to Demyelinated Axons of Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Interneurons in an App Knock-In Mouse Model of Amyloid-β Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230121. [PMID: 37212118 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tau protein phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau181) in cerebrospinal fluid and blood is a sensitive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased p-tau181 levels correlate well with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and precede neurofibrillary tangle formation in the early stage of AD; however, the relationship between p-tau181 and Aβ-mediated pathology is less well understood. We recently reported that p-tau181 represents axonal abnormalities in mice with Aβ pathology (AppNLGF). However, from which neuronal subtype(s) these p-tau181-positive axons originate remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study is to differentiate neuronal subtype(s) and elucidate damage associated with p-tau181-positive axons by immunohistochemical analysis of AppNLGF mice brains. METHODS Colocalization between p-tau181 and (1) unmyelinated axons positive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter or norepinephrine transporter and (2) myelinated axons positive for vesicular glutamate transporter, vesicular GABA transporter, or parvalbumin in the brains of 24-month-old AppNLGF and control mice without Aβ pathology were analyzed. The density of these axons was also compared. RESULTS Unmyelinated axons of cholinergic or noradrenergic neurons did not overlap with p-tau181. By contrast, p-tau181 signals colocalized with myelinated axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons but not of glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, the density of unmyelinated axons was significantly decreased in AppNLGF mice, whereas that of glutamatergic, GABAergic, or p-tau181-positive axons was less affected. Instead, myelin sheaths surrounding p-tau181-positive axons were significantly reduced in AppNLGF mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that p-tau181 signals colocalize with axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons with disrupted myelin sheaths in the brains of a mouse model of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hirota
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kimi Takei
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Risa Nishijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michiko Sekiya
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Brown J, Camporesi E, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Olsson M, Wang A, Medem B, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Karikari TK, Wall M, Hill E. Tau in cerebrospinal fluid induces neuronal hyperexcitability and alters hippocampal theta oscillations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:67. [PMID: 37095572 PMCID: PMC10127378 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are characterized by the aggregation of tau into soluble and insoluble forms (including tangles and neuropil threads). In humans, a fraction of both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated N-terminal to mid-domain tau species, are secreted into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Some of these CSF tau species can be measured as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, starting from early stages of disease. While in animal models of AD pathology, soluble tau aggregates have been shown to disrupt neuronal function, it is unclear whether the tau species present in CSF will modulate neural activity. Here, we have developed and applied a novel approach to examine the electrophysiological effects of CSF from patients with a tau-positive biomarker profile. The method involves incubation of acutely-isolated wild-type mouse hippocampal brain slices with small volumes of diluted human CSF, followed by a suite of electrophysiological recording methods to evaluate their effects on neuronal function, from single cells through to the network level. Comparison of the toxicity profiles of the same CSF samples, with and without immuno-depletion for tau, has enabled a pioneering demonstration that CSF-tau potently modulates neuronal function. We demonstrate that CSF-tau mediates an increase in neuronal excitability in single cells. We then observed, at the network level, increased input-output responses and enhanced paired-pulse facilitation as well as an increase in long-term potentiation. Finally, we show that CSF-tau modifies the generation and maintenance of hippocampal theta oscillations, which have important roles in learning and memory and are known to be altered in AD patients. Together, we describe a novel method for screening human CSF-tau to understand functional effects on neuron and network activity, which could have far-reaching benefits in understanding tau pathology, thus allowing for the development of better targeted treatments for tauopathies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alice Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Blanca Medem
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mark Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emily Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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16
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Meftah S, Gan J. Alzheimer’s disease as a synaptopathy: Evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1129036. [PMID: 36970154 PMCID: PMC10033629 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1129036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The synapse has consistently been considered a vulnerable and critical target within Alzheimer’s disease, and synapse loss is, to date, one of the main biological correlates of cognitive decline within Alzheimer’s disease. This occurs prior to neuronal loss with ample evidence that synaptic dysfunction precedes this, in support of the idea that synaptic failure is a crucial stage within disease pathogenesis. The two main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, abnormal aggregates of amyloid or tau proteins, have had demonstrable effects on synaptic physiology in animal and cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease. There is also growing evidence that these two proteins may have a synergistic effect on neurophysiological dysfunction. Here, we review some of the main findings of synaptic alterations in Alzheimer’s disease, and what we know from Alzheimer’s disease animal and cellular models. First, we briefly summarize some of the human evidence to suggest that synapses are altered, including how this relates to network activity. Subsequently, animal and cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease are considered, highlighting mouse models of amyloid and tau pathology and the role these proteins may play in synaptic dysfunction, either in isolation or examining how the two pathologies may interact in dysfunction. This specifically focuses on neurophysiological function and dysfunction observed within these animal models, typically measured using electrophysiology or calcium imaging. Following synaptic dysfunction and loss, it would be impossible to imagine that this would not alter oscillatory activity within the brain. Therefore, this review also discusses how this may underpin some of the aberrant oscillatory patterns seen in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and human patients. Finally, an overview of some key directions and considerations in the field of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease is covered. This includes current therapeutics that are targeted specifically at synaptic dysfunction, but also methods that modulate activity to rescue aberrant oscillatory patterns. Other important future avenues of note in this field include the role of non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes and microglia, and mechanisms of dysfunction independent of amyloid and tau in Alzheimer’s disease. The synapse will certainly continue to be an important target within Alzheimer’s disease for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Meftah
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Gan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jian Gan,
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17
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Niraula S, Doderer JJ, Indulkar S, Berry KP, Hauser WL, L'Esperance OJ, Deng JZ, Keeter G, Rouse AG, Subramanian J. Excitation-inhibition imbalance disrupts visual familiarity in amyloid and non-pathology conditions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111946. [PMID: 36640331 PMCID: PMC9939293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperactivity induces memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. However, how hyperactivity disrupts memory is unclear. Using in vivo synaptic imaging in the mouse visual cortex, we show that structural excitatory-inhibitory synapse imbalance in the apical dendrites favors hyperactivity in early amyloidosis. Consistent with this, natural images elicit neuronal hyperactivity in these mice. Compensatory changes that maintain activity homeostasis disrupt functional connectivity and increase population sparseness such that a small fraction of neurons dominates population activity. These properties reduce the selectivity of neural response to natural images and render visual recognition memory vulnerable to interference. Deprivation of non-specific visual experiences improves the neural representation and behavioral expression of visual familiarity. In contrast, in non-pathological conditions, deprivation of non-specific visual experiences induces disinhibition, increases excitability, and disrupts visual familiarity. We show that disrupted familiarity occurs when the fraction of high-responsive neurons and the persistence of neural representation of a memory-associated stimulus are not constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Niraula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Julia J Doderer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Shreya Indulkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kalen P Berry
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Oliver J L'Esperance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jasmine Z Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Griffin Keeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Adam G Rouse
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Jaichandar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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18
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Giustiniani A, Danesin L, Bozzetto B, Macina A, Benavides-Varela S, Burgio F. Functional changes in brain oscillations in dementia: a review. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:25-47. [PMID: 35724724 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that several characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) play a functional role in cognition and could be linked to the progression of cognitive decline in some neurological diseases such as dementia. The present paper reviews previous studies investigating changes in brain oscillations associated to the most common types of dementia, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD), with the aim of identifying pathology-specific patterns of alterations and supporting differential diagnosis in clinical practice. The included studies analysed changes in frequency power, functional connectivity, and event-related potentials, as well as the relationship between electrophysiological changes and cognitive deficits. Current evidence suggests that an increase in slow wave activity (i.e., theta and delta) as well as a general reduction in the power of faster frequency bands (i.e., alpha and beta) characterizes AD, VaD, and FTD. Additionally, compared to healthy controls, AD exhibits alteration in latencies and amplitudes of the most common event related potentials. In the reviewed studies, these changes generally correlate with performances in many cognitive tests. In conclusion, particularly in AD, neurophysiological changes can be reliable early markers of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Danesin
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | | | - AnnaRita Macina
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Benavides-Varela
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Burgio
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
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19
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Hidisoglu E, Chiantia G, Franchino C, Tomagra G, Giustetto M, Carbone E, Carabelli V, Marcantoni A. The ryanodine receptor-calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 protects hippocampal neurons from GABAergic synaptic alterations induced by Abeta42 oligomers. J Physiol 2022; 600:5295-5309. [PMID: 36284365 DOI: 10.1113/jp283537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oligomeric form of the peptide amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) contributes to the development of synaptic abnormalities and cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there is a gap in knowledge regarding how Abeta42 alters the elementary parameters of GABAergic synaptic function. Here we found that Abeta42 increased the frequency and amplitude of miniature GABAergic currents as well as the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents. When we focused on paired pulse depression (PPD) to establish whether GABA release probability was affected by Abeta42, we did not observe any significant change. On the other hand, a more detailed investigation of the presynaptic effects induced by Abeta42 by means of multiple probability fluctuation analysis and cumulative amplitude analysis showed an increase in both the size of the readily releasable pool responsible for synchronous release and the number of release sites. We further explored whether ryanodine receptors (RyRs) contributed to exacerbating these changes by stabilizing the interaction between RyRs and the accessory protein calstabin. We observed that the RyR-calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 restored the synaptic parameters to values comparable to those measured in control conditions. In conclusion, our results clarify the mechanisms of potentiation of GABAergic synapses induced by Abeta42. We further suggest that RyRs are involved in the control of synaptic activity during the early stage of AD onset and that their stabilization could represent a new therapeutical approach for AD treatment. KEY POINTS: Accumulation of the peptide amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and causes synaptic dysfunctions. To date, the effects of Abeta42 accumulation on GABAergic synapses are poorly understood. The findings reported here suggest that, similarly to what is observed on glutamatergic synapses, Abeta42 modifies GABAergic synapses by targeting ryanodine receptors and causing calcium dysregulation. The GABAergic impairments can be restored by the ryanodine receptor-calstabin interaction stabilizer S107. Based on this research, RyRs stabilization may represent a novel pharmaceutical strategy for preventing or delaying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franchino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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20
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van Nifterick AM, Gouw AA, van Kesteren RE, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, de Haan W. A multiscale brain network model links Alzheimer’s disease-mediated neuronal hyperactivity to large-scale oscillatory slowing. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:101. [PMID: 35879779 PMCID: PMC9310500 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuronal hyperexcitability and inhibitory interneuron dysfunction are frequently observed in preclinical animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigates whether these microscale abnormalities explain characteristic large-scale magnetoencephalography (MEG) activity in human early-stage AD patients. Methods To simulate spontaneous electrophysiological activity, we used a whole-brain computational network model comprised of 78 neural masses coupled according to human structural brain topology. We modified relevant model parameters to simulate six literature-based cellular scenarios of AD and compare them to one healthy and six contrast (non-AD-like) scenarios. The parameters include excitability, postsynaptic potentials, and coupling strength of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations. Whole-brain spike density and spectral power analyses of the simulated data reveal mechanisms of neuronal hyperactivity that lead to oscillatory changes similar to those observed in MEG data of 18 human prodromal AD patients compared to 18 age-matched subjects with subjective cognitive decline. Results All but one of the AD-like scenarios showed higher spike density levels, and all but one of these scenarios had a lower peak frequency, higher spectral power in slower (theta, 4–8Hz) frequencies, and greater total power. Non-AD-like scenarios showed opposite patterns mainly, including reduced spike density and faster oscillatory activity. Human AD patients showed oscillatory slowing (i.e., higher relative power in the theta band mainly), a trend for lower peak frequency and higher total power compared to controls. Combining model and human data, the findings indicate that neuronal hyperactivity can lead to oscillatory slowing, likely due to hyperexcitation (by hyperexcitability of pyramidal neurons or greater long-range excitatory coupling) and/or disinhibition (by reduced excitability of inhibitory interneurons or weaker local inhibitory coupling strength) in early AD. Conclusions Using a computational brain network model, we link findings from different scales and models and support the hypothesis of early-stage neuronal hyperactivity underlying E/I imbalance and whole-brain network dysfunction in prodromal AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01041-4.
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21
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Almeida VN, Radanovic M. Semantic processing and neurobiology in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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23
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Mackenzie-Gray Scott CA, Pelkey KA, Caccavano AP, Abebe D, Lai M, Black KN, Brown ND, Trevelyan AJ, McBain CJ. Resilient Hippocampal Gamma Rhythmogenesis and Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneuron Function Before and After Plaque Burden in 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Model. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:857608. [PMID: 35645763 PMCID: PMC9131009 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.857608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated impaired Parvalbumin Fast-Spiking Interneuron (PVIN) function as a precipitating factor underlying abnormalities in network synchrony, oscillatory rhythms, and cognition associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a complete developmental investigation of potential gamma deficits, induced by commonly used carbachol or kainate in ex vivo slice preparations, within AD model mice is lacking. We examined gamma oscillations using field recordings in acute hippocampal slices from 5xFAD and control mice, through the period of developing pathology, starting at 3 months of age, when there is minimal plaque presence in the hippocampus, through to 12+ months of age, when plaque burden is high. In addition, we examined PVIN participation in gamma rhythms using targeted cell-attached recordings of genetically-reported PVINs, in both wild type and mutant mice. In parallel, a developmental immunohistochemical characterisation probing the PVIN-associated expression of PV and perineuronal nets (PNNs) was compared between control and 5xFAD mice. Remarkably, this comprehensive longitudinal evaluation failed to reveal any obvious correlations between PVIN deficits (electrical and molecular), circuit rhythmogenesis (gamma frequency and power), and Aβ deposits/plaque formation. By 6-12 months, 5xFAD animals have extensive plaque formation throughout the hippocampus. However, a deficit in gamma oscillatory power was only evident in the oldest 5xFAD animals (12+ months), and only when using kainate, and not carbachol, to induce the oscillations. We found no difference in PV firing or phase preference during kainate-induced oscillations in younger or older 5xFAD mice compared to control, and a reduction of PV and PNNs only in the oldest 5xFAD mice. The lack of a clear relationship between PVIN function, network rhythmicity, and plaque formation in our study highlights an unexpected resilience in PVIN function in the face of extensive plaque pathology associated with this model, calling into question the presumptive link between PVIN pathology and Alzheimer's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie A. Mackenzie-Gray Scott
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth A. Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam P. Caccavano
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mandy Lai
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Khayla N. Black
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicolette D. Brown
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J. Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Morrone CD, Lai AY, Bishay J, Hill ME, McLaurin J. Parvalbumin neuroplasticity compensates for somatostatin impairment, maintaining cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:26. [PMID: 35501886 PMCID: PMC9063209 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-to-patient variability in the degree to which β-amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration impact cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) complicates disease modeling and treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to cognitive resilience are not resolved. We hypothesize that the variability in cognitive function and loss relates to neuronal resilience of the hippocampal GABAergic network. METHODS We compared TgF344-AD and non-transgenic littermate rats at 9, 12, and 15 months of age. Neurons, β-amyloid plaques and tau inclusions were quantified in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PVB) interneurons were traced to examine hippocampal neuroplasticity and cognition was tested in the Barnes maze. RESULTS The 9-month-old TgF344-AD rats exhibited loss of neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Hippocampal neuronal compensation was observed in 12-month TgF344-AD rats, with upregulation of GABAergic interneuronal marker. By 15 months, the TgF344-AD rats had robust loss of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. β-Amyloid and tau pathology accumulated continuously across age. SST interneurons exhibited tau inclusions and atrophy from 9 months, whereas PVB interneurons were resilient until 15 months. The hippocampal PVB circuit underwent neuroplastic reorganization with increased dendritic length and complexity in 9- and 12-month-old TgF344-AD rats, before atrophy at 15 months. Strikingly, 12-month-old TgF344-AD rats were resilient in executive function and cognitive flexibility. Cognitive resilience in TgF344-AD rats occurred as maintenance of function between 9 and 12 months of age despite progressive spatial memory deficits, and was sustained by PVB neuroplasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the inherent neuronal processes leading to cognitive maintenance, and describe a novel finding of endogenous cognitive resilience in an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Yenhsin Lai
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Jossana Bishay
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Mary Elizabeth Hill
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
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25
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B. Szabo A, Cretin B, Gérard F, Curot J, J. Barbeau E, Pariente J, Dahan L, Valton L. Sleep: The Tip of the Iceberg in the Bidirectional Link Between Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:836292. [PMID: 35481265 PMCID: PMC9035794 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.836292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that a pathophysiological link might exist between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy dates back to the identification of the first cases of the pathology itself and is now strongly supported by an ever-increasing mountain of literature. An overwhelming majority of data suggests not only a higher prevalence of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy aging, but also that AD patients with a comorbid epileptic syndrome, even subclinical, have a steeper cognitive decline. Moreover, clinical and preclinical investigations have revealed a marked sleep-related increase in the frequency of epileptic activities. This characteristic might provide clues to the pathophysiological pathways underlying this comorbidity. Furthermore, the preferential sleep-related occurrence of epileptic events opens up the possibility that they might hasten cognitive decline by interfering with the delicately orchestrated synchrony of oscillatory activities implicated in sleep-related memory consolidation. Therefore, we scrutinized the literature for mechanisms that might promote sleep-related epileptic activity in AD and, possibly dementia onset in epilepsy, and we also aimed to determine to what degree and through which processes such events might alter the progression of AD. Finally, we discuss the implications for patient care and try to identify a common basis for methodological considerations for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Anna B. Szabo
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle Tête et Cou, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fleur Gérard
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J. Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Luc Valton
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26
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Suárez-Méndez I, Bruña R, López-Sanz D, Montejo P, Montenegro-Peña M, Delgado-Losada ML, Marcos Dolado A, López-Higes R, Maestú F. Cognitive Training Modulates Brain Hypersynchrony in a Population at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1185-1199. [PMID: 35180120 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that brain hypersynchrony is an early sign of dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can represent a proxy for clinical progression. Conversely, non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive training (COGTR), are associated with cognitive gains that may be underpinned by a neuroprotective effect on brain synchrony. OBJECTIVE To study the potential of COGTR to modulate brain synchrony and to eventually revert the hypersynchrony phenomenon that characterizes preclinical AD. METHODS The effect of COGTR was examined in a sample of healthy controls (HC, n = 41, 22 trained) and individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 49, 24 trained). Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity and neuropsychological scores were acquired before and after a ten-week COGTR intervention aimed at improving cognitive function and daily living performance. Functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed using the phase-locking value. A mixed-effects ANOVA model with factors time (pre-intervention/post-intervention), training (trained/non-trained), and diagnosis (HC/SCD) was used to investigate significant changes in FC. RESULTS We found an average increase in alpha-band FC over time, but the effect was different in each group (trained and non-trained). In the trained group (HC and SCD), we report a reduction in the increase in FC within temporo-parietal and temporo-occipital connections. In the trained SCD group, this reduction was stronger and showed a tentative correlation with improved performance in different cognitive tests. CONCLUSION COGTR interventions could mitigate aberrant increases in FC in preclinical AD, promoting brain synchrony normalization in groups at a higher risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Suárez-Méndez
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - David López-Sanz
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Montejo
- Center for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment (Madrid Salud), Madrid City Council, Spain
| | - Mercedes Montenegro-Peña
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment (Madrid Salud), Madrid City Council, Spain
| | - María Luisa Delgado-Losada
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón López-Higes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Khorani M, Bobe G, Matthews DG, Magana AA, Caruso M, Gray NE, Quinn JF, Stevens JF, Soumyanath A, Maier CS. The Impact of the hAPP695SW Transgene and Associated Amyloid-β Accumulation on Murine Hippocampal Biochemical Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1601-1619. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain. Objective: Gain a better insight into alterations in major biochemical pathways underlying AD. Methods: We compared metabolomic profiles of hippocampal tissue of 20-month-old female Tg2576 mice expressing the familial AD-associated hAPP695SW transgene with their 20-month-old wild type female littermates. Results: The hAPP695SW transgene causes overproduction and accumulation of Aβ in the brain. Out of 180 annotated metabolites, 54 metabolites differed (30 higher and 24 lower in Tg2576 versus wild-type hippocampal tissue) and were linked to the amino acid, nucleic acid, glycerophospholipid, ceramide, and fatty acid metabolism. Our results point to 1) heightened metabolic activity as indicated by higher levels of urea, enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, and lower fatty acid levels; 2) enhanced redox regulation; and 3) an imbalance of neuro-excitatory and neuro-inhibitory metabolites in hippocampal tissue of aged hAPP695SW transgenic mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways associated with a concomitant shift to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance are contributing mechanisms of AD-related pathology in the Tg2576 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khorani
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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28
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The potential roles of excitatory-inhibitory imbalances and the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor in aging and aging-associated diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 117:103683. [PMID: 34775008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to the central excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance are thought to be related to aging and underlie a host of neural pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease. Aging may induce an increase in excitatory signaling, causing an E/I imbalance, which has been linked to shorter lifespans in mice, flies, and worms. In humans, extended longevity correlates to greater repression of genes involved in excitatory neurotransmission. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a master regulator in neural cells and is believed to be upregulated with senescent stimuli, whereupon it counters hyperexcitability, insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway activity, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. This review examines the putative mechanisms that distort the E/I balance with aging and neurodegeneration, and the putative roles of REST in maintaining neuronal homeostasis.
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Alavi MV. Tau phosphorylation and OPA1 proteolysis are unrelated events: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119116. [PMID: 34400172 PMCID: PMC8525314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease are plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Yet, Alzheimer's is a complex disease with many contributing factors, such as energy-metabolic changes, which have been documented in autopsy brains from individuals with Alzheimer's and animal disease models alike. One conceivable explanation is that the interplay of age-related extracellular and intracellular alterations pertaining to Alzheimer's, such as cerebrovascular changes, protein aggregates and inflammation, evoke a mitochondrial response. However, it is not clear if and how mitochondria can contribute to Alzheimer's pathophysiology. This study focuses on one particular aspect of this question by investigating the functional interaction between the microtubule-associated protein tau and the mitochondrial inner membrane fusion machinery, which shows alterations in Alzheimer's brains. OPA1 is an essential inner membrane-fusion protein regulated by the two membrane proteases OMA1 and YME1L1. Assessment of OPA1 proteolysis-usually found in dividing mitochondria-and posttranslational tau modifications in mouse and human neuroblastoma cells under different experimental conditions clarified the relationship between these two pathways: OPA1 hydrolysis and phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of tau may coincide, but are not causally related. OPA1 cleavage did not alter tau's phosphorylation pattern. Conversely, tau's phosphorylation state did not induce nor correlate with OPA1 proteolysis. These results irrefutably demonstrate that there is no direct functional interaction between posttranslational tau modifications and the regulation of the OMA1-OPA1 pathway, which implies a common root cause modulating both pathways in Alzheimer's.
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Czapski GA, Strosznajder JB. Glutamate and GABA in Microglia-Neuron Cross-Talk in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111677. [PMID: 34769106 PMCID: PMC8584169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain is significantly affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several neuroactive compounds and their signaling pathways through various types of receptors are crucial in brain homeostasis, among them glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Activation of microglial receptors regulates the immunological response of these cells, which in AD could be neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The novel research approaches revealed the complexity of microglial function, including the interplay with other cells during neuroinflammation and in the AD brain. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of several proteins and multiple receptors on microglia and neurons, and their involvement in a communication network between cells that could lead to different metabolic loops and cell death/survival. Our review is focused on the role of glutamatergic, GABAergic signaling in microglia–neuronal cross-talk in AD and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the significance of AD-related neurotoxic proteins in glutamate/GABA-mediated dialogue between microglia and neurons was analyzed in search of novel targets in neuroprotection, and advanced pharmacological approaches.
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31
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Ruiter M, Herstel LJ, Wierenga CJ. Reduction of Dendritic Inhibition in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in Amyloidosis Models of Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:951-964. [PMID: 33074225 PMCID: PMC7739974 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: In an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), before the formation of amyloid plaques, neuronal network hyperactivity has been reported in both patients and animal models. This suggests an underlying disturbance of the balance between excitation and inhibition. Several studies have highlighted the role of somatic inhibition in early AD, while less is known about dendritic inhibition. Objective: In this study we investigated how inhibitory synaptic currents are affected by elevated Aβ levels. Methods: We performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures after treatment with Aβ-oligomers and in hippocampal brain slices from AppNL-F-G mice (APP-KI). Results: We found a reduction of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic slices after 24 h Aβ treatment. sIPSCs with slow rise times were reduced, suggesting a specific loss of dendritic inhibitory inputs. As miniature IPSCs and synaptic density were unaffected, these results suggest a decrease in activity-dependent transmission after Aβ treatment. We observed a similar, although weaker, reduction in sIPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons from APP-KI mice compared to control. When separated by sex, the strongest reduction in sIPSC frequency was found in slices from male APP-KI mice. Consistent with hyperexcitability in pyramidal cells, dendritically targeting interneurons received slightly more excitatory input. GABAergic action potentials had faster kinetics in APP-KI slices. Conclusion: Our results show that Aβ affects dendritic inhibition via impaired action potential driven release, possibly due to altered kinetics of GABAergic action potentials. Reduced dendritic inhibition may contribute to neuronal hyperactivity in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Ruiter
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte J Herstel
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jiménez-Balado J, Ycaza Herrera A, Igwe K, Klem L, Buyukturkoglu K, Irimia A, Chen L, Guo J, Brickman AM, Eich TS. Reduced Hippocampal GABA+ Is Associated With Poorer Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Women: A Pilot Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:695416. [PMID: 34512283 PMCID: PMC8427754 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.695416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The current pilot study was designed to examine the association between hippocampal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration and episodic memory in older individuals, as well as the impact of two major risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—female sex and Apolipoprotein ε4 (ApoE ε4) genotype—on this relationship. Methods: Twenty healthy, community-dwelling individuals aged 50–71 (11 women) took part in the study. Episodic memory was evaluated using a Directed Forgetting task, and GABA+ was measured in the right hippocampus using a Mescher-Garwood point-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) sequence. Multiple linear regression models were used to quantify the relationship between episodic memory, GABA+, ApoE ɛ4, and sex, controlling for age and education. Results: While GABA+ did not interact with ApoE ɛ4 carrier status to influence episodic memory (p = 0.757), the relationship between GABA+ and episodic memory was moderated by sex: lower GABA+ predicted worse memory in women such that, for each standard deviation decrease in GABA+ concentration, memory scores were reduced by 11% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that sex, but not ApoE ɛ4 genotype, moderates the relationship between hippocampal GABA+ and episodic memory, such that women with lower GABA+ concentration show worse memory performance. These findings, which must be interpreted with caution given the small sample size, may serve as a starting point for larger studies using multimodal neuroimaging to understand the contributions of GABA metabolism to age-related memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jiménez-Balado
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra Ycaza Herrera
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kay Igwe
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lynda Klem
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Andrew Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teal S Eich
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Chan KL, Hock A, Edden RAE, MacMillan EL, Henning A. Improved prospective frequency correction for macromolecule-suppressed GABA editing with metabolite cycling at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2945-2956. [PMID: 34431549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To combine metabolite cycling with J-difference editing (MC MEGA) to allow for prospective frequency correction at each transient without additional acquisitions and compare it to water-suppressed MEGA-PRESS (WS MEGA) editing with intermittent prospective frequency correction. METHODS Macromolecule-suppressed gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited experiments were performed in a phantom and in the occipital lobe (OCC) (n = 12) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (n = 8) of the human brain. Water frequency consistency and average offset over acquisition time were compared. GABA multiplet patterns, signal intensities, and choline subtraction artifacts were evaluated. In vivo GABA concentrations were compared and related to frequency offset in the OCC. RESULTS MC MEGA was more stable with 21% and 32% smaller water frequency SDs in the OCC and mPFC, respectively. MC MEGA also had 39% and 40% smaller average frequency offsets in the OCC and mPFC, respectively. Phantom GABA multiplet patterns and signal intensities were similar. In vivo GABA concentrations were smaller in MC MEGA than in WS MEGA, with median (interquartile range) of 2.52 (0.27) and 2.29 (0.19) institutional units (i.u.), respectively in the OCC scans without prior DTI, and 0.99 (0.3) and 1.72 (0.5), respectively in the mPFC. OCC WS MEGA GABA concentrations, but not MC MEGA GABA concentrations were moderately correlated with frequency offset. mPFC WS MEGA spectra contained significantly more subtraction artifacts than MC MEGA spectra. CONCLUSION MC MEGA is feasible and allows for prospective frequency correction at every transient. MC MEGA GABA concentrations were not biased by frequency offsets and contained less subtraction artifacts compared to WS MEGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas Hock
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Health Systems, Horgen, Switzerland
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin L MacMillan
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,SFU ImageTech Lab, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.,MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Henning
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Dávila-Bouziguet E, Casòliba-Melich A, Targa-Fabra G, Galera-López L, Ozaita A, Maldonado R, Ávila J, Delgado-García JM, Gruart A, Soriano E, Pascual M. Functional protection in J20/VLW mice: a model of non-demented with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Brain 2021; 145:729-743. [PMID: 34424282 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease comprises amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated Tau accumulation, imbalanced neuronal activity, aberrant oscillatory rhythms, and cognitive deficits. Non-Demented with Alzheimer's disease Neuropathology (NDAN) defines a novel clinical entity with amyloid-β and Tau pathologies but preserved cognition. The mechanisms underlying such neuroprotection remain undetermined and animal models of NDAN are currently unavailable. We demonstrate that J20/VLW mice (accumulating amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated Tau) exhibit preserved hippocampal rhythmic activity and cognition, as opposed to J20 and VLW animals, which show significant alterations. Furthermore, we show that the overexpression of mutant human Tau in coexistence with amyloid-β accumulation renders a particular hyperphosphorylated Tau signature in hippocampal interneurons. The GABAergic septohippocampal pathway, responsible for hippocampal rhythmic activity, is preserved in J20/VLW mice, in contrast to single mutants. Our data highlight J20/VLW mice as a suitable animal model in which to explore the mechanisms driving cognitive preservation in NDAN. Moreover, they suggest that a differential Tau phosphorylation pattern in hippocampal interneurons prevents the loss of GABAergic septohippocampal innervation and alterations in local field potentials, thereby avoiding cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dávila-Bouziguet
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Arnau Casòliba-Melich
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Georgina Targa-Fabra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Lorena Galera-López
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ozaita
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Delgado-García
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
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Jiménez-Balado J, Eich TS. GABAergic dysfunction, neural network hyperactivity and memory impairments in human aging and Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:146-159. [PMID: 33573856 PMCID: PMC8292162 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the potential role of the γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) system in age-related episodic memory impairments in humans, with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Well-established animal models have shown that GABA plays a central role in regulating and synchronizing neuronal signaling in the hippocampus, a brain area critical for episodic memory that undergoes early and significant morphologic and functional changes in the course of AD. Neuroimaging research in humans has documented hyperactivity in the hippocampus and losses of resting state functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, a network that itself prominently includes the hippocampus-presaging episodic memory decline in individuals at-risk for AD. Apolipoprotein ε4, the highest genetic risk factor for AD, is associated with GABAergic dysfunction in animal models, and episodic memory impairments in humans. In combination, these findings suggest that GABA may be the linchpin in a complex system of factors that eventually leads to the principal clinical hallmark of AD: episodic memory loss. Here, we will review the current state of literature supporting this hypothesis. First, we will focus on the molecular and cellular basis of the GABAergic system and its role in memory and cognition. Next, we report the evidence of GABA dysregulations in AD and normal aging, both in animal models and human studies. Finally, we outline a model of GABAergic dysfunction based on the results of functional neuroimaging studies in humans, which have shown hippocampal hyperactivity to episodic memory tasks concurrent with and even preceding AD diagnosis, along with factors that may modulate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jiménez-Balado
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Teal S Eich
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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36
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Maestú F, de Haan W, Busche MA, DeFelipe J. Neuronal excitation/inhibition imbalance: core element of a translational perspective on Alzheimer pathophysiology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101372. [PMID: 34029743 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our incomplete understanding of the link between Alzheimer's Disease pathology and symptomatology is a crucial obstacle for therapeutic success. Recently, translational studies have begun to connect the dots between protein alterations and deposition, brain network dysfunction and cognitive deficits. Disturbance of neuronal activity, and in particular an imbalance in underlying excitation/inhibition (E/I), appears early in AD, and can be regarded as forming a central link between structural brain pathology and cognitive dysfunction. While there are emerging (non-)pharmacological options to influence this imbalance, the complexity of human brain dynamics has hindered identification of an optimal approach. We suggest that focusing on the integration of neurophysiological aspects of AD at the micro-, meso- and macroscale, with the support of computational network modeling, can unite fundamental and clinical knowledge, provide a general framework, and suggest rational therapeutic targets.
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37
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Lee SE, Lee GH. Reelin Affects Signaling Pathways of a Group of Inhibitory Neurons and the Development of Inhibitory Synapses in Primary Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147510. [PMID: 34299127 PMCID: PMC8305533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secretory protein involved in a variety of processes in forebrain development and function, including neuronal migration, dendrite growth, spine formation, and synaptic plasticity. Most of the function of Reelin is focused on excitatory neurons; however, little is known about its effects on inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synapses. In this study, we investigated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway of Reelin in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. Individual neurons were visualized using immunofluorescence to distinguish inhibitory neurons from excitatory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal S6 protein in excitatory neurons, but not in most inhibitory neurons. In somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, one of major subtypes of inhibitory neurons, Reelin-rich protein supplementation induced the phosphorylation of S6. Subsequently, we investigated whether or not Reelin-rich protein supplementation affected dendrite development in cultured inhibitory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation did not change the total length of dendrites in inhibitory neurons in vitro. Finally, we examined the development of inhibitory synapses in primary hippocampal neurons and found that Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly reduced the density of gephyrin-VGAT-positive clusters in the dendritic regions without changing the expression levels of several inhibitory synapse-related proteins. These findings indicate a new role for Reelin in specific groups of inhibitory neurons and the development of inhibitory synapses, which may contribute to the underlying cellular mechanisms of RELN-associated neurological disorders.
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38
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Ness N, Schultz SR. A computational grid-to-place-cell transformation model indicates a synaptic driver of place cell impairment in early-stage Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009115. [PMID: 34133417 PMCID: PMC8238223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Synaptic dysfunction is an established early symptom, which correlates strongly with cognitive decline, and is hypothesised to mediate the diverse neuronal network abnormalities observed in AD. However, how synaptic dysfunction contributes to network pathology and cognitive impairment in AD remains elusive. Here, we present a grid-cell-to-place-cell transformation model of long-term CA1 place cell dynamics to interrogate the effect of synaptic loss on network function and environmental representation. Synapse loss modelled after experimental observations in the APP/PS1 mouse model was found to induce firing rate alterations and place cell abnormalities that have previously been observed in AD mouse models, including enlarged place fields and lower across-session stability of place fields. Our results support the hypothesis that synaptic dysfunction underlies cognitive deficits, and demonstrate how impaired environmental representation may arise in the early stages of AD. We further propose that dysfunction of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to CA1 pyramidal cells may cause distinct impairments in place cell function, namely reduced stability and place map resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ness
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Kaur S, Raj K, Gupta YK, Singh S. Allicin ameliorates aluminium- and copper-induced cognitive dysfunction in Wistar rats: relevance to neuro-inflammation, neurotransmitters and Aβ (1-42) analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:495-510. [PMID: 34023945 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder associated with neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes, like cognition and memory loss. Pathological hallmarks of AD comprise oxidative stress, formation of insoluble β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles constituted by hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau), neurotransmitters dysbalanced (DA, NE, 5-HT, GABA and Glutamate) and metal deposition. Chronic exposure to metals like aluminium and copper causes accumulation of Aβ plaques, promotes oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and degeneration of cholinergic neurons results in AD-like symptoms. In the present study, rats were administered with aluminium chloride (200 mg/kg p.o) and copper sulfate (0.5 mg/kg p.o) alone and in combination for 28 days. Allicin (10 and 20 mg/kg i.p) was administered from day 7 to day 28. Spatial and recognition memory impairment analysis was performed using Morris water maze, Probe trial, and Novel Object Recognition test. Animals were sacrificed on day 29, brain tissue was isolated, and its homogenate was used for biochemical (lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and glutathione), neuro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF- α), neurotransmitters (DA, NE, 5-HT, GABA and Glutamate), Aβ(1-42) level, Al concentration estimation, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In the present study, aluminium chloride and copper sulfate administration increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines release, imbalanced neurotransmitters' concentration, and promoted β-amyloid accumulation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Treatment with allicin dose-dependently attenuated these pathological events via restoration of antioxidants, neurotransmitters concentration, and inhibiting cytokine release and β-amyloid accumulation. Moreover, allicin exhibited the neuroprotective effect through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotransmitters restoration, attenuation of neuro-inflammation and β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpreet Kaur
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Khadga Raj
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Y K Gupta
- President AIIMs Bhopal, Chairman RAC , ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Artesunate restores the levels of inhibitory synapse proteins and reduces amyloid-β and C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of the amyloid precursor protein in an AD-mouse model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 113:103624. [PMID: 33933588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia, characterized histopathologically by the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a major component of amyloid plaques and is released together with carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs) from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) through proteolytic cleavage, thought to contribute to synapse dysfunction and loss along the progression of AD. Artemisinins, primarily antimalarial drugs, reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognitive capabilities in mouse models of AD. Furthermore, artemisinins were demonstrated to target gephyrin, the main scaffold protein of inhibitory synapses and modulate GABAergic neurotransmission in vitro. Previously, we reported a robust decrease of inhibitory synapse proteins in the hippocampus of 12-month-old double transgenic APP-PS1 mice which overexpress in addition to the Swedish mutated form of the human APP a mutated presenilin 1 (PS1) gene and are characterized by a high plaque load at this age. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that treating these mice with artemisinin or its semisynthetic derivative artesunate in two different doses (10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), these compounds affect differently inhibitory synapse components, amyloid plaque load and APP-processing. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated the rescue of gephyrin and γ2-GABAA-receptor protein levels in the brain of treated mice with both, artemisinin and artesunate, most efficiently with a low dose of artesunate. Remarkably, artemisinin reduced only in low dose the amyloid plaque load correlating with lower levels of mutated human APP (hAPPswe) whereas artesunate treatment in both doses resulted in significantly lower plaque numbers. Correspondingly, the level of APP-cleavage products, specifically the amount of CTFs in hippocampus homogenates was reduced significantly only by artesunate, in line with the findings in hAPPswe expressing cultured hippocampal neurons evidencing a concentration-dependent inhibition of CTF-release by artesunate already in the nanomolar range. Thus, our data support artemisinins as neuroprotective multi-target drugs, exhibiting a potent anti-amyloidogenic activity and reinforcing key proteins of inhibitory synapses.
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Sosulina L, Mittag M, Geis HR, Hoffmann K, Klyubin I, Qi Y, Steffen J, Friedrichs D, Henneberg N, Fuhrmann F, Justus D, Keppler K, Cuello AC, Rowan MJ, Fuhrmann M, Remy S. Hippocampal hyperactivity in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:2128-2144. [PMID: 33583024 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal network dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unknown. We analyzed the hippocampal micronetwork in transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats (APPtg) at the beginning of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. We established two-photon Ca2+ -imaging in vivo in the hippocampus of rats and found hyperactivity of CA1 neurons. Patch-clamp recordings in brain slices in vitro revealed increased neuronal input resistance and prolonged action potential width in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We did neither observe changes in synaptic inhibition, nor in excitation. Our data support the view that increased intrinsic excitability of CA1 neurons may precede inhibitory dysfunction at an early stage of Aβ-deposition and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Sosulina
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Mittag
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Rüdiger Geis
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Steffen
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Detlef Friedrichs
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Henneberg
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Falko Fuhrmann
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Justus
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Keppler
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Fuhrmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Remy
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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42
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Ruiter M, Lützkendorf C, Liang J, Wierenga CJ. Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Only Mild Changes to Inhibitory Bouton Dynamics. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:153-160. [PMID: 33981952 PMCID: PMC8075564 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β protein precursor is highly expressed in a subset of inhibitory neuron in the hippocampus, and inhibitory neurons have been suggested to play an important role in early Alzheimer’s disease plaque load. Here we investigated bouton dynamics in axons of hippocampal interneurons in two independent amyloidosis models. Short-term (24 h) amyloid-β (Aβ)-oligomer application to organotypic hippocampal slices slightly increased inhibitory bouton dynamics, but bouton density and dynamics were unchanged in hippocampus slices of young-adult AppNL - F - G-mice, in which Aβ levels are chronically elevated. These results indicate that loss or defective adaptation of inhibitory synapses are not a major contribution to Aβ-induced hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Ruiter
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lützkendorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Wu T, Li Y, Liang X, Liu X, Tang M. Identification of potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in response to graphene quantum dots in microglia by microarray analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111672. [PMID: 33396004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, it is important to assess the probably adverse effects of GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS) but their underlying toxic mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with circular RNAs (circRNAs) of nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) and amino-functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) damaging the cell viability and cellular structure in microglia by an integrative analysis of RNA microarray. The differentially expressed circRNA (DEcircRNAs)-miRNA- differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) regulatory networks were conducted in BV2 microglial cells treated with 25 µg/mL N-GQDs, 100 µg/mL N-GQDs and 100 µg/mL A-GQDs. Based on that, the protein-coding genes in each ceRNA network were collected to do bio-functional analysis to evaluate signaling pathways that were indirectly mediated by circRNAs. Some pathways that could play indispensable roles in the neurotoxicity of N-GQDs or both two kinds of GQDs were found. Low-dosed N-GQDs exposure mainly induced inflammatory action in microglia, while high-dosed N-GQDs and A-GQDs exposure both affect olfactory transduction and GABAergic synapse. Meanwhile, several classical signaling pathways, including mTOR, ErbB and MAPK, could make diverse contributions to the neurotoxicity of both two kinds of GQDs. These circRNAs could be toxic biomarkers or protective targets in neurotoxicity of GQDs. More importantly, they emphasized the necessity of comprehensive analysis of latent molecular mechanisms through epigenetics approaches in biosafety assessment of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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44
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Zheng Q, Bi R, Xu M, Zhang DF, Tan LW, Lu YP, Yao YG. Exploring the Genetic Association of the ABAT Gene with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1894-1903. [PMID: 33404980 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that GABAergic dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The GABA aminotransferase (ABAT) gene encodes a mitochondrial GABA transaminase and plays key roles in the biogenesis and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. In this study, we performed an integrative study at the genetic and expression levels to investigate the potential genetic association between the ABAT gene and AD. Through re-analyzing data from the currently largest meta-analysis of AD genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified genetic variants in the 3'-UTR of ABAT as the top AD-associated SNPs (P < 1 × 10-4) in this gene. Functional annotation of these AD-associated SNPs indicated that these SNPs are located in the regulatory regions of transcription factors or/and microRNAs. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that the AD risk alleles of these SNPs were associated with a reduced expression level of ABAT. Further analysis of mRNA expression data and single-cell transcriptome data of AD patients showed that ABAT reduction in the neuron is an early event during AD development. Overall, our results indicated that ABAT genetic variants may be associated with AD through affecting its mRNA expression. An abnormal level of ABAT will lead to a disturbance of the GABAergic signal pathway in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Li-Wen Tan
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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45
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Zeng L, Zhang D, Liu Q, Zhang J, Mu K, Gao X, Zhang K, Li H, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Mao S. Alpha-asarone Improves Cognitive Function of APP/PS1 Mice and Reducing Aβ 42, P-tau and Neuroinflammation, and Promoting Neuron Survival in the Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2021; 458:141-152. [PMID: 33412244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease most often characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline. Alpha-asarone has been reported to have the potential to treat AD. Our previous studies have found that alpha-asarone improves aged rats' cognitive function by alleviating neuronal excitotoxicity via type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. GABA level's change, neuroinflammation, and dysfunctional autophagy are found to be associated with AD. However, the effect of alpha-asarone on cognitive function of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and its underlying mechanism in terms of aggregation of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) level, neuroinflammation, and autophagy are unclear. Accordingly, we attempted to explore whether alpha-asarone improves AD mice's cognitive function and alleviates pathological symptoms by regulating GAD level, inhibiting neuroinflammation, or restore autophagy. We found that alpha-asarone enhanced spatial learning memory and decreased Aβ42 and p-tau levels without influencing the GAD level in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Also, it decreased the GFAP expression and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, thus alleviating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, alpha-asarone decreased the excess number of autophagosomes and promoted hippocampal neurons' survival. In conclusion, the results confirmed the therapeutic effect of alpha-asarone on AD-related astrogliosis, dysfunctional autophagy, and neuronal damage, which indicates its great potential to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Keman Mu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital & Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shengjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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46
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Sekulić V, Yi F, Garrett T, Guet-McCreight A, Lawrence JJ, Skinner FK. Integration of Within-Cell Experimental Data With Multi-Compartmental Modeling Predicts H-Channel Densities and Distributions in Hippocampal OLM Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:277. [PMID: 33093823 PMCID: PMC7527636 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining biophysical details of spatially extended neurons is a challenge that needs to be overcome if we are to understand the dynamics of brain function from cellular perspectives. Moreover, we now know that we should not average across recordings from many cells of a given cell type to obtain quantitative measures such as conductance since measures can vary multiple-fold for a given cell type. In this work we examine whether a tight combination of experimental and computational work can address this challenge. The oriens-lacunosum/moleculare (OLM) interneuron operates as a “gate” that controls incoming sensory and ongoing contextual information in the CA1 of the hippocampus, making it essential to understand how its biophysical properties contribute to memory function. OLM cells fire phase-locked to the prominent hippocampal theta rhythms, and we previously used computational models to show that OLM cells exhibit high or low theta spiking resonance frequencies that depend respectively on whether their dendrites have hyperpolarization-activated cation channels (h-channels) or not. However, whether OLM cells actually possess dendritic h-channels is unknown at present. We performed a set of whole-cell recordings of OLM cells from mouse hippocampus and constructed three multi-compartment models using morphological and electrophysiological parameters extracted from the same OLM cell, including per-cell pharmacologically isolated h-channel currents. We found that the models best matched experiments when h-channels were present in the dendrites of each of the three model cells created. This strongly suggests that h-channels must be present in OLM cell dendrites and are not localized to their somata. Importantly, this work shows that a tight integration of model and experiment can help tackle the challenge of characterizing biophysical details and distributions in spatially extended neurons. Full spiking models were built for two of the OLM cells, matching their current clamp cell-specific electrophysiological recordings. Overall, our work presents a technical advancement in modeling OLM cells. Our models are available to the community to use to gain insight into cellular dynamics underlying hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Sekulić
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Tavita Garrett
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alexandre Guet-McCreight
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Center for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Frances K Skinner
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Boussicault L, Laffaire J, Schmitt P, Rinaudo P, Callizot N, Nabirotchkin S, Hajj R, Cohen D. Combination of acamprosate and baclofen (PXT864) as a potential new therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2435-2450. [PMID: 32815196 PMCID: PMC7693228 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no therapy impacting the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The only approved treatments are riluzole and edaravone, but their efficacy is modest and short‐lasting, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. We previously demonstrated the ability of PXT864, a combination of low doses of acamprosate and baclofen, to synergistically restore cellular and behavioral activity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. The overlapping genetic, molecular, and cellular characteristics of these neurodegenerative diseases supported investigating the effectiveness of PXT864 in ALS. As neuromuscular junction (NMJ) alterations is a key feature of ALS, the effects of PXT864 in primary neuron‐muscle cocultures injured by glutamate were studied. PXT864 significantly and synergistically preserved NMJ and motoneuron integrity following glutamate excitotoxicity. PXT864 added to riluzole significantly improved such protection. PXT864 activity was then assessed in primary cultures of motoneurons derived from SOD1G93A rat embryos. These motoneurons presented severe maturation defects that were significantly improved by PXT864. In this model, glutamate application induced an accumulation of TDP‐43 protein in the cytoplasm, a hallmark that was completely prevented by PXT864. The anti‐TDP‐43 aggregation effect was also confirmed in a cell line expressing TDP‐43 fused to GFP. These results demonstrate the value of PXT864 as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALS.
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48
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Zhang J, Shao X, Zhao B, Zhai L, Liu N, Gong F, Ma X, Pan X, Zhao B, Yuan Z, Zhang X. Neurotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and post-exposure recovery due to blueberry anthocyanins in the planarians Dugesia japonica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114471. [PMID: 32268227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widely used synthetic industrial chemical which accumulates in ecosystems and organisms. Our study have investigated the neurobehavioral effects of PFOA and the alleviation effects of PFOA-induced neurotoxicity by blueberry anthocyanins (ANT) in Dugesia japonica. The planarians were exposed to PFOA and ANT for ten days. Researchs showed that exposure to PFOA affected locomotor behavior and ANT significantly alleviated the reduction in locomotion induced by PFOA. The regeneration of eyespots and auricles was suppressed by PFOA and was promoted by ANT. Following exposure to PFOA, acetylcholinesterase activity continually decreased and was unaffected in the ANT group, but was elevated after combined administration of PFOA and ANT. Oxidative DNA damage was found in planarians exposed to PFOA and was attenuated after administration of ANT by the alkaline comet assay. Concentrations of three neurotransmitters increased following exposure to PFOA and decreased after administration of ANT. Furthermore, ANT promoted and PFOA inhibited neuronal regeneration. DjotxA, DjotxB, DjFoxG, DjFoxD and Djnlg associated with neural processes were up-regulated following exposure to PFOA. Our findings indicate that PFOA is a neurotoxicant while ANT can attenuate these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Xinxin Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Baoying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Liming Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Na Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Fangbin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Xiaolu Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
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49
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Tang Y, Han Y, Yu H, Zhang B, Li G. Increased GABAergic development in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135208. [PMID: 32615251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this neurodegenerative disorder are still unclear. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons play an essential role in the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the brain, and the GABAergic system may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from sporadic AD (SAD) patients to analyze the phenotype and transcriptional profiles of SAD iPSC-derived neural cells. We observed reduced neurogenesis and increased astrogenesis in SAD neural differentiation. We discovered elevated levels of GABA, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) in SAD neurons that indicated increased GABAergic development. Gene expression profiling of SAD neural cultures showed upregulation of the GABAergic signaling pathway and downregulation of the neurogenesis pathway. We presumed that the GABAergic transmission system might be enhanced in SAD neurons, as an early pathological change of SAD, which provides a novel target and new direction for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyu Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Hongxiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China.
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50
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Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101878. [PMID: 32615147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with alterations in cognitive processing and brain neurophysiology. Whereas the primary symptom of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is memory problems greater than normal for age and education, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impairments in other cognitive domains in addition to memory dysfunction. Resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) studies in physiological aging indicate a global increase in low-frequency oscillations' power and the reduction and slowing of alpha activity. The enhancement of slow and the reduction of fast oscillations, and the disruption of brain functional connectivity, however, are characterized as major rsEEG changes in AD. Recent rodent studies also support human evidence of age- and AD-related changes in resting-state brain oscillations, and the neuroprotective effect of brain stimulation techniques through gamma-band stimulations. Cumulatively, current evidence moves toward optimizing rsEEG features as reliable predictors of people with aMCI at risk for conversion to AD and mapping neural alterations subsequent to brain stimulation therapies. The present paper reviews the latest evidence of changes in rsEEG oscillations in physiological aging, aMCI, and AD, as well as findings of various brain stimulation therapies from both human and non-human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bryan E Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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