Acute effects of exercise on cerebrovascular response and cognitive performance in individuals with stable coronary heart disease

Impact of two different periodized aerobic training on acute cerebrovascular response and cognitive performance in coronary heart disease patients

The aim of this study was to measure the effects of chronic and acute aerobic exercise at two different intensities on cognitive performance and cerebrovascular response in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Thirty-five CHD patients completed two exercise bouts at 30% and 70% of their respective peak aerobic power on an ergocycle while performing cognitive tasks, which included nonexecutive and executive conditions before and after a 3-month training intervention. Variations of oxy- deoxy- and total hemoglobin concentrations were measured on the left prefrontal cortex at both intensities using near-infrared spectroscopy. Aerobic exercise training consisted of linear and nonlinear periodization protocols for three sessions of 30-50 min per week for 12 weeks. Error rate (p < 0.001) and reaction time (p < 0.001) improved after the training program for the executive condition of the cognitive task, regardless of intensity and training groups. Cerebral oxygenation remained similar pre and post intervention for all conditions and acute exercise intensity. Despite the absence of conjunction between cerebral oxygenation and cognition, results suggest that both exercise training programs could improve cognition in CHD patients during acute exercise.

Associations of physical activity with cognitive function and daily physical function among Chinese individuals with heart disease: A cross-sectional study

Background

To investigate the associations between different dimensions of physical activity (PA), cognitive function, and daily physical function in Chinese individuals with heart disease.

Materials and methods

This study included 2,792 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2015. Physical activity (PA) was divided into vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), and light PA (LPA). Linear and logistic regression models were established to assess the associations among the indicators.

Results

Compared with taking no PA, MPA, and VPA at a frequency of 6-7 d/w had lower risks of impaired daily physical function (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.91; OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88) and higher cognitive function scores (β = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.42, 2.03; β = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.73), while VPA at 3-5 d/w had lower cognitive function scores (β = -1.96, 95% CI: -3.51, -0.40). Light PA (LPA) with a duration of 30-119 min/d had a lower risk of impaired daily physical function (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.97). Moderate PA (MPA) and VPA of 30-119 min/d had higher cognitive function scores (β = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.37; β = 1.30, 95% CI: -0.56, 2.06). The 1,800-2,999 METs had the lowest risks of impaired daily physical function and the highest cognitive function scores (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75; β = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.21).

Conclusion

Moderate PA (MPA) and LPA with a frequency of 6-7 d/w and a duration of 30-119 min/d, and PA in 1,800-2,999 MET min/week were most closely related to better cognitive and daily physical function, while VPA (3-5 d/w; ≥300 min/w) may be related to low cognition, but high-quality research is necessary to prove causality.

Trial registration

IRB00001052-11015.

Mathematical Analysis of the Healthcare Treatment of 215 Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

The main risk factors for CHD and the comorbidity include hyperlipidemia (HL), hypertension, smoking, dietary factors, and genetic factors. In this work, 215 patients with coronary heart disease, including 128 males and 87 females, were analyzed for a better understanding of the related clinical pharmacology. Nonparametric test, analysis of variance, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and other methods were used to sort out the data. From the analysis, there are significant differences in age among different gender samples. The incidence of coronary heart disease in men is five years younger than that in women. The sample pairs from different regions showed differences in the presence of family history of diabetes, indicating that a series of patients in some regions concentrated on the disease status of family history of diabetes. Age has a significant positive effect on cardiac functional classification. The older you are, the larger the cardiac functional classification is and the worse the cardiac function is. Age was negatively correlated with VTE score, diastolic blood pressure, CAR, TG, neutrophil, and TC. The older you are, the lower these six values are. Samples of different types of CHD showed significant differences in the presence of comorbidity and family history of CHD. The most significant are unstable angina pectoris and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Samples of different CHD types showed significant effects on VTE score, creatine kinase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C), and lactate dehydrogenase. The highest lactate dehydrogenase is ischemic cardiomyopathy. The highest LDL cholesterol is ST-segment elevation angina. The highest creatine kinase is ischemic cardiomyopathy. The VTE score was the highest for ischemic cardiomyopathy, followed by non-ST-segment elevation angina. Samples taken with or without lipid-lowering drugs showed significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and TC. There was a significant positive correlation between VTE scores and lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase. High VTE score indicates high lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase. TC has a significant positive correlation with HDL⁃C and TG, respectively. Higher TC values indicate higher HDL⁃C and TG values.