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Harwani SC, Ratcliff J, Sutterwala FS, Ballas ZK, Meyerholz DK, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM. Nicotine Mediates CD161a+ Renal Macrophage Infiltration and Premature Hypertension in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Circ Res 2016; 119:1101-1115. [PMID: 27660287 PMCID: PMC5085865 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Renal inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of hypertension. CD161a+ immune cells are dominant in the (SHR) spontaneously hypertensive rat and expand in response to nicotinic cholinergic activation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to phenotype CD161a+ immune cells in prehypertensive SHR after cholinergic activation with nicotine and determine if these cells are involved in renal inflammation and the development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies used young SHR and WKY (Wistar-Kyoto) rats. Splenocytes and bone marrow cells were exposed to nicotine ex vivo, and nicotine was infused in vivo. Blood pressures, kidney, serum, and urine were obtained. Flow cytometry, Luminex/ELISA, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot were used. Nicotinic cholinergic activation induced proliferation of CD161a+/CD68+ macrophages in SHR-derived splenocytes, their renal infiltration, and premature hypertension in SHR. These changes were associated with increased renal expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and VLA-4 (very-late antigen-4). LLT1 (lectin-like transcript 1), the ligand for CD161a, was overexpressed in SHR kidney, whereas vascular cellular and intracellular adhesion molecules were similar to those in WKY. Inflammatory cytokines were elevated in SHR kidney and urine after nicotine infusion. Nicotine-mediated renal macrophage infiltration/inflammation was enhanced in denervated kidneys, not explained by angiotensin II levels or expression of angiotensin type-1/2 receptors. Moreover, expression of the anti-inflammatory α7-nAChR (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) was similar in young SHR and WKY rats. CONCLUSIONS A novel, inherited nicotinic cholinergic inflammatory effect exists in young SHR, measured by expansion of CD161a+/CD68+ macrophages. This leads to renal inflammation and premature hypertension, which may be partially explained by increased renal expression of LLT-1, MCP-1, and VLA-4.
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MESH Headings
- Age of Onset
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Denervation
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension, Renal/etiology
- Hypertension, Renal/genetics
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renal/pathology
- Immunophenotyping
- Integrin alpha4beta1/biosynthesis
- Integrin alpha4beta1/genetics
- Kidney/innervation
- Kidney/pathology
- Lectins/biosynthesis
- Lectins/genetics
- Macrophages/classification
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/analysis
- Nephritis/chemically induced
- Nephritis/physiopathology
- Nicotine/pharmacology
- Nicotine/toxicity
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Prehypertension/etiology
- Prehypertension/genetics
- Prehypertension/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/biosynthesis
- alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh C Harwani
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City.
| | - Jason Ratcliff
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Zuhair K Ballas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - David K Meyerholz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Francois M Abboud
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (S.C.H., J.R., F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C., F.M.A.), Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.W.C., F.M.A.), and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (F.S.S., Z.K.B., M.W.C.), Iowa City; and Department of Pathology (D.K.M.), Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine (F.S.S.), Center for Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases (S.C.H., F.S.S., F.M.A.), and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (S.C.H., J.R., M.W.C., F.M.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
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Ferrari MFR, Coelho EF, Farizatto KLG, Chadi G, Fior-Chadi DR. Modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide y, glutamate, and substance p in Ganglia and brain areas involved in cardiovascular control after chronic exposure to nicotine. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:216464. [PMID: 21822476 PMCID: PMC3147125 DOI: 10.4061/2011/216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that nicotine instantly interacts with central and peripheral nervous systems promoting cardiovascular effects after tobacco smoking, we evaluated the modulation of glutamate, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and substance P (SP) in nodose/petrosal and superior cervical ganglia, as well as TH and NPY in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 weeks of nicotine exposure. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data demonstrated increased expression of TH in brain and ganglia related to blood pressure control, preferentially in SHR, after nicotine exposure. The alkaloid also increased NPY immunoreactivity in ganglia, NTS, and PVN of SHR, in spite of decreasing its receptor (NPY1R) binding in NTS of both strains. Nicotine increased SP and glutamate in ganglia. In summary, nicotine positively modulated the studied variables in ganglia while its central effects were mainly constrained to SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matao 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang H, Dávila-García MI, Yarl W, Gondré-Lewis MC. Gestational nicotine exposure regulates expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors and their signaling apparatus in developing and adult rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2011; 188:168-81. [PMID: 21596105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Untimely activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by nicotine results in short- and long-term consequences on learning and behavior. In this study, the aim was to determine how prenatal nicotine exposure affects components of glutamatergic signaling in the hippocampus during postnatal development. We investigated regulation of both nAChRs and glutamate receptors for AMPA and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P63 after a temporally restricted exposure to saline or nicotine for 14 days in utero. We analyzed postsynaptic density components associated with AMPA receptor (AMPAR) and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling: calmodulin (CaM), CaM Kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95), as well as presynaptically localized synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25). At P1, there was significantly heightened expression of AMPAR subunit GluR1 but not GluR2, and of NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2a, and NR2d but not NR2b. NR2c was not detectable. CaM, CaMKIIα, and PSD95 were also significantly upregulated at P1, together with presynaptic SNAP25. This enhanced expression of glutamate receptors and signaling proteins was concomitant with elevated levels of [³H]epibatidine (³H]EB) binding in prenatal nicotine-exposed hippocampus, indicating that α4β2 nAChR may influence glutamatergic function in the hippocampus at P1. By P14, neither [³H]EB binding nor the expression levels of subunits GluR1, GluR2, NR1, NR2a, NR2b, NR2c, or NR2d seemed changed with prenatal nicotine. However, CaMKIIα was significantly upregulated with nicotine treatment while CaM showed downregulation at P14. The effects of nicotine persisted in P63 young adult brains which exhibited significantly downregulated GluR2, NR1, and NR2c expression levels in hippocampal homogenates and a considerably muted overall distribution of [³H]AMPA binding in areas CA1, CA2 and CA3, and the dentate gyrus. Our results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure can regulate the glutamatergic signaling system throughout postnatal development by enhancing or inhibiting availability of AMPAR and NMDAR or their signaling components. The persistent depression, in adults, of the requisite NR1 subunit for NMDAR assembly, and of GluR2, important for assembly, trafficking, and biophysical properties of AMPAR, indicates that nicotine may alter ionotropic glutamate receptor stoichiometry and functional properties in adults after prenatally restricted nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Ferrari MFR, Raizada MK, Fior-Chadi DR. Differential regulation of the renin-angiotensin system by nicotine in WKY and SHR glia. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 35:151-60. [PMID: 18369742 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-9025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Given that (1) the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is compartmentalized within the central nervous system in neurons and glia (2) the major source of brain angiotensinogen is the glial cells, (3) the importance of RAS in the central control of blood pressure, and (4) nicotine increases the probability of development of hypertension associated to genetic predisposition; the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine on the RAS in cultured glial cells from the brainstem and hypothalamus of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Ligand binding, real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to compare the expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin II type1 receptors. We demonstrate, for the first time, that there are significant differences in the basal levels of RAS components between WKY and SHR rats in glia from 1-day-old rats. We also observed that nicotine is able to modulate the renin-angiotensin system in glial cells from the brainstem and hypothalamus and that the SHR responses were more pronounced than WKY ones. The present data suggest that nicotine effects on the RAS might collaborate to the development of neurogenic hypertension in SHR through modulation of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n.321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Ferrari MFR, Fior-Chadi DR, Chadi G. Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters. J Mol Histol 2008; 39:253-63. [PMID: 18196466 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-008-9161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission through metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, including kainate receptors, plays an important role in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) functions. Glutamate system may interact with several other neurotransmitter systems which might also be influenced by steroid hormones. In the present study we analyzed the ability of systemic kainate to stimulate rat NTS neurons, which was evaluated by c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, and also to change the levels of NTS neurotransmitters such as GABA, NPY, CGRP, GAL, NT and NO by means of quantitative immunohistichemistry combined with image analysis. The analysis was also performed in adrenalectomized and kainate stimulated rats in order to evaluate a possible role of adrenal hormones on NTS neurotransmission. Male Wistar rats (3 month-old) were used in the present study. A group of 15 rats was submitted either to bilateral adrenalectomy or sham operation. Forty-eight hours after the surgeries, adrenalectomized rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of kainate (12 mg/kg) and the sham-operated rats were injected either with saline or kainate and sacrificed 8 hours later. The same experimental design was applied in a group of rats in order to register the arterial blood pressure. Systemic kainate decreased the basal values of mean arterial blood pressure (35%) and heart rate (22%) of sham-operated rats, reduction that were maintained in adrenalectomized rats. Kainate triggered a marked elevation of c-Fos positive neurons in the NTS which was 54% counteracted by adrenalectomy. The kainate activated NTS showed changes in the immunoreactive levels of GABA (143% of elevation) and NPY (36% of decrease), which were not modified by previous ablation of adrenal glands. Modulation in the levels of CGRP, GAL and NT immunoreactivities were only observed after kainate in the adrenalectomized rats. Treatments did not alter NOS labeling. It is possible that modulatory function among neurotransmitter systems in the NTS might be influenced by steroid hormones and the implications for central regulation of blood pressure or other visceral regulatory mechanisms control should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merari F R Ferrari
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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