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Islam R, Drecun S, Varga BV, Vonderwalde I, Siu R, Nagy A, Morshead CM. Transplantation of Human Cortically-Specified Neuroepithelial Progenitor Cells Leads to Improved Functional Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:654290. [PMID: 33994947 PMCID: PMC8116536 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.654290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Current therapeutic options are limited in terms of their time for implementation and efficacy in promoting recovery. Cell transplantation has been shown to have promise in several animal models however significant challenges remain, including the optimal source of cells to promote neural repair. Here, we report on the use of a population of human ESC derived, cortically specified, neuroepithelial precursor cells (cNEPs) that are neurally restricted in their lineage potential. CNEPs have the potential to give rise to mature neural cell types following transplantation, including neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. With a view towards translation, we sought to determine whether this human cell source was effective in promoting improved functional outcomes following stroke. Undifferentiated cNEPs were transplanted in a pre-clinical endothelin-1 (ET-1) model of ischemic motor cortical stroke in immunocompromised SCID-beige mice and cellular and functional outcomes were assessed. We demonstrate that cNEP transplantation in the acute phase (4 days post-stroke) improves motor function as early as 20 days post-stroke, compared to stroke-injured, non-transplanted mice. At the time of recovery, a small fraction (<6%) of the transplanted cNEPs are observed within the stroke injury site. The surviving cells expressed the immature neuronal marker, doublecortin, with no differentiation into mature neural phenotypes. At longer survival times (40 days), the majority of recovered, transplanted mice had a complete absence of surviving cNEPS. Hence, human cNEPs grafted at early times post-stroke support the observed functional recovery following ET-1 stroke but their persistence is not required, thereby supporting a by-stander effect rather than cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehnuma Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stasja Drecun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Balazs V. Varga
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ilan Vonderwalde
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Siu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Anwar I, Ashfaq UA, Shokat Z. Therapeutic Potential of Umbilical Cord Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:219-232. [PMID: 32077830 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200220122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ for life and the only internal organ that is capable of natural regeneration. Although the liver has high regeneration capacity, excessive hepatocyte death can lead to liver failure. Various factors can lead to liver damage including drug abuse, some natural products, alcohol, hepatitis, and autoimmunity. Some models for studying liver injury are APAP-based model, Fas ligand (FasL), D-galactosamine/endotoxin (Gal/ET), Concanavalin A, and carbon tetrachloride-based models. The regeneration of the liver can be carried out using umbilical cord blood stem cells which have various advantages over other stem cell types used in liver transplantation. UCB-derived stem cells lack tumorigenicity, have karyotype stability and high immunomodulatory, low risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD), low risk of transmitting somatic mutations or viral infections, and low immunogenicity. They are readily available and their collection is safe and painless. This review focuses on recent development and modern trends in the use of umbilical cord stem cells for the regeneration of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Anwar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman A Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Shokat
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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3
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Thomas AM, Li S, Chu C, Shats I, Xu J, Calabresi PA, van Zijl PCM, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. Evaluation of cell transplant-mediated attenuation of diffuse injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using onVDMP CEST MRI. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113316. [PMID: 32304749 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development and translation of cell therapies have been hindered by an inability to predict and evaluate their efficacy after transplantation. Using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we studied attenuation of the diffuse injury characteristic of EAE and MS by transplanted glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs). We assessed the potential of on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to visualize this attenuation. Allogeneic GRPs transplanted in the motor cortex or lateral ventricles attenuated paralysis in EAE mice and attenuated differences compared to naïve mice in onVDMP CEST signal 5 days after transplantation near the transplantation site. Histological analysis revealed that transplanted GRPs co-localized with attenuated astrogliosis. Hence, diffuse injury-sensitive onVDMP CEST MRI may complement conventional MRI to locate and monitor tissue regions responsive to GRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thomas
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - S Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - I Shats
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America
| | - P A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P Walczak
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J W M Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States of America; Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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4
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Portis SM, Sanberg PR. Regenerative Rehabilitation: An Innovative and Multifactorial Approach to Recovery From Stroke and Brain Injury. CELL MEDICINE 2017; 9:67-71. [PMID: 28713637 DOI: 10.3727/215517917x693393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of treatment options for stroke or traumatic brain injury that can restore cognitive and motor function. Regenerative and translational medicine have ushered forth promising new methods for mediating recovery in the central nervous system, the most salient of which are rehabilitation and stem cell therapies that, when combined, result in more pronounced recovery than one approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Portis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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5
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Andrzejewska A, Nowakowski A, Janowski M, Bulte JWM, Gilad AA, Walczak P, Lukomska B. Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5543-59. [PMID: 26366076 PMCID: PMC4562754 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on the transplantation of stem and progenitor cells have garnered increasing interest. This interest is fueled by successful preclinical studies for indications in many diseases, including the cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal system. Further progress in this field is contingent upon access to techniques that facilitate an unambiguous identification and characterization of grafted cells. Such methods are invaluable for optimization of cell delivery, improvement of cell survival, and assessment of the functional integration of grafted cells. Following is a focused overview of the currently available cell detection and tracking methodologies that covers the entire spectrum from pre- to postmortem cell identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nowakowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff WM Bulte
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Cui B, Li E, Yang B, Wang B. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1233-1236. [PMID: 24940417 PMCID: PMC3991533 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (HUCB-MSC) transplantation on the functional restoration of spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 46 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Injury (n=15), control (n=15) and transplantation (n=16). A SCI model was established using the modified Allen’s method (vulnerating energy, 25 g/cm). The rats in the control and transplantation groups were injected at the site of the injury with physiological saline and HUCB-MSC suspension, respectively. At week one, two and four following treatment, the behavior of the rats was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on samples from the rats that had been sacrificed four weeks subsequent to the treatment. Recovery of the spinal cord nerve function was identified to be significantly different at week two and four following treatment (P<0.05), and IHC identified that at week four following treatment novel nerve cells were being produced. Thus, transplantation of HUCB-MSCs promoted the recovery of the damaged function of spinal cord nerves in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - En Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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7
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Paspala SA, Vishwakarma SK, Murthy TV, Rao TN, Khan AA. Potential role of stem cells in severe spinal cord injury: current perspectives and clinical data. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2012; 5:15-27. [PMID: 24198535 PMCID: PMC3781762 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s28477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury (SCI) along with new pharmacotherapy research offers the potential to restore function and ease the associated social and economic burden in the years ahead. Various sources of stem cells have been used in the treatment of SCI, but the most convincing results have been obtained with neural progenitor cells in preclinical models. Although the use of cell-based transplantation strategies for the repair of chronic SCI remains the long sought after holy grail, these approaches have been to date the most successful when applied in the subacute phase of injury. Application of cell-based strategies for the repair and regeneration of the chronically injured spinal cord will require a combinational strategy that may need to include approaches to overcome the effects of the glial scar, inhibitory molecules, and use of tissue engineering strategies to bridge the lesion. Nonetheless, cell transplantation strategies are promising, and it is anticipated that the Phase I clinical trials of some form of neural stem cell-based approach in SCI will commence very soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ab Paspala
- PAN Research Foundation, CARE, Hyderabad, India ; The Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Advantages and challenges of alternative sources of adult-derived stem cells for brain repair in stroke. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012. [PMID: 23186712 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59544-7.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considerable promise has been demonstrated by cell therapy for the treatment of stroke. Adult-derived stem cells avoid the ethical dilemmas of using embryonic and fetal stem cells and thus are the ideal type of cell to study. There are a number of different types of stem cells that could prove to be useful, but there are potential concerns associated with each one. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the use of the different possible adult-derived stem cell types including their benefits and challenges. While the optimal conditions are still to be determined, these cells may prove to be at the forefront of stem cell research and ultimately therapy for stroke and other disorders.
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9
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Sanberg PR, Eve DJ, Cruz LE, Borlongan CV. Neurological disorders and the potential role for stem cells as a therapy. Br Med Bull 2012; 101:163-81. [PMID: 22357552 PMCID: PMC3577100 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/lds001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Neurological disorders are routinely characterized by loss of cells in response to an injury or a progressive insult. Stem cells could therefore be useful to treat these disorders. Sources of data Pubmed searches of recent literature. Areas of agreement Stem cells exhibit proliferative capacity making them ideally suited for replacing dying cells. However, instead of cell replacement therapy stem cell transplants frequently appear to work via neurotrophic factor release, immunomodulation and upregulation of endogenous stem cells. Areas of controversy and areas timely for developing research Many questions remain with respect to the use of stem cells as a therapy, the answers to which will vary depending on the disorder to be treated and mode of action. Whereas the potential tumorigenic capability of stem cells is a concern, most studies do not support this notion. Further determination of the optimal cell type, and whether to perform allogeneic or autologous transplants warrant investigation before the full potential of stem cells can be realized. In addition, the use of stem cells to develop disease models should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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10
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Jurga M, Forraz N, Basford C, Atzeni G, Trevelyan AJ, Habibollah S, Ali H, Zwolinski SA, McGuckin CP. Neurogenic properties and a clinical relevance of multipotent stem cells derived from cord blood samples stored in the biobanks. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:923-36. [PMID: 21732816 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several innovative therapies with human umbilical cord blood stem cells (SCs) are currently developing to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It has been shown that cord blood contains multipotent lineage-negative (LinNEG) SCs capable of neuronal differentiation. Clinically useful cord blood samples are stored in different biobanks worldwide, but the content and neurogenic properties of LinNEG cells are unknown. Here we have compared 5 major methods of blood processing: Sepax, Hetastarch, plasma depletion, Prepacyte-SC, and density gradient. We showed that Sepax-processed blood units contained 10-fold higher number of LinNEG cells after cryopreservation in comparison to all other methods. We showed in this study that multipotent SCs derived from fresh and frozen cord blood samples could be efficiently induced in defined serum-free medium toward neuronal progenitors (NF200+, Ki67+). During neuronal differentiation, the multipotent SCs underwent precise sequential changes at the molecular and cellular levels: Oct4 and Sox2 downregulation and Ngn1, NeuN, and PSD95 upregulation, similar to neurogenesis process in vivo. We expect that data presented here will be valuable for clinicians, researchers, biobanks, and patients and will contribute for better efficacy of future clinical trials in regeneration of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jurga
- Cell Therapy Research Institute (CTI-Lyon), Parc Technologique de Lyon-Saint Priest, Saint Priest, France
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11
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Granot D, Shapiro EM. Release activation of iron oxide nanoparticles: (REACTION) a novel environmentally sensitive MRI paradigm. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65:1253-9. [PMID: 21360745 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smart contrast agents for MRI-based cell tracking would enable the use of MRI methodologies to not only detect the location of cells but also gene expression. Here, we report on a new enzyme/contrast agent paradigm which involves the enzymatic degradation of the polymer coating of magnetic nanoparticles to release encapsulated magnetic cores. Cells were labeled with particles coated with a polymer, which is cleavable by a specific enzyme. This coat restricts the approach of water to the particle, preventing the magnetic core from efficiently relaxing protons. The reactive enzyme was delivered to cells and changes in cellular T(2) and T(2)* relaxation times of ~ 35% and ~ 50% were achieved in vitro. Large enhancements of dark contrast volume (240%) and contrast-to-noise ratio (48%) within the contrast regions were measured, in vivo, for cells co-labeled with enzyme and particles. These results warrant exploration of genetic avenues toward achieving release activation of iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Granot
- Molecular and Cellular MRI Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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12
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Nakagomi N, Nakagomi T, Kubo S, Nakano-Doi A, Saino O, Takata M, Yoshikawa H, Stern DM, Matsuyama T, Taguchi A. Endothelial cells support survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of transplanted adult ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells after cerebral infarction. Stem Cells 2009; 27:2185-95. [PMID: 19557831 DOI: 10.1002/stem.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as a therapy for a range of neurological disorders. To realize the potential of this approach, it is essential to control survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NSCs after transplantation. NSCs are regulated in vivo, at least in part, by their specialized microenvironment or "niche." In the adult central nervous system, neurogenic regions, such as the subventricular and subgranular zones, include NSCs residing in a vascular niche with endothelial cells. Although there is accumulating evidence that endothelial cells promote proliferation of NSCs in vitro, there is no description of their impact on transplanted NSCs. In this study, we grafted cortex-derived stroke-induced neural stem/progenitor cells, obtained from adult mice, onto poststroke cortex in the presence or absence of endothelial cells, and compared survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of the neural precursors in vivo. Cotransplantation of endothelial cells and neural stem/progenitor cells increased survival and proliferation of ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells and also accelerated neuronal differentiation compared with transplantation of neural precursors alone. These data indicate that reconstitution of elements in the vascular niche enhances transplantation of adult neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Zhang N, Wimmer J, Qian SJ, Chen WS. Stem Cells: Current Approach and Future Prospects in Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 293:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Kögler G, Critser P, Trapp T, Yoder M. Future of cord blood for non-oncology uses. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44:683-97. [PMID: 19802027 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the last 5 years cord blood (CB) has been under intense experimental investigation in in vitro differentiation models and in preclinical animal models ranging from bone to muscle regeneration, cardiovascular diseases including myocardial and peripheral arterial disease, stroke and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of its biological advantages, CB can be an ideal source for tissue regeneration. However, in the hype of the so-called 'plasticity', many cell types have been characterized either on cell surface Ag expression alone or by RNA expression only, and without detailed characterization of genetic pathways; frequently, cells are defined without analysis of cellular function in vitro and in vivo, and the definition of the lineage of origin and cells have not been defined in preclinical studies. Here, we explore not only the most consistent data with regard to differentiation of CB cells in vitro and in vivo, but also show technical limitations, such as why in contrast to cell populations isolated from fresh CB, cryopreserved CB is not the ideal source for tissue regeneration. By taking advantage of numerous CB units discarded due to lack of sufficient hematopoietic cells for clinical transplantation, new concepts to produce off-the-shelf products are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University of Duesseldorf Medical School, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Park DH, Borlongan CV, Willing AE, Eve DJ, Cruz LE, Sanberg CD, Chung YG, Sanberg PR. Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cell Grafts for Brain Ischemia. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:985-98. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909x471279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible and permanent damage develop immediately adjacent to the region of reduced cerebral blood perfusion in stroke patients. Currently, the proven thrombolytic treatment for stroke, tissue plasminogen activator, is only effective when administered within 3 h after stroke. These disease characteristics should be taken under consideration in developing any therapeutic intervention designed to widen the narrow therapeutic range, especially cell-based therapy. Over the past several years, our group and others have characterized the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood cells for stroke and other neurological disorders using in vitro and vivo models focusing on the cells' ability to differentiate into nonhematopoietic cells including neural lineage, as well as their ability to produce several neurotrophic factors and modulate immune and inflammatory reaction. Rather than the conventional cell replacement mechanism, we advance alternative pathways of graft-mediated brain repair involving neurotrophic effects resulting from release of various growth factors that afford cell survival, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation. Eventually, these multiple protective and restorative effects from umbilical cord blood cell grafts may be interdependent and act in harmony in promoting therapeutic benefits for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Park
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alison E. Willing
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David J. Eve
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - L. Eduardo Cruz
- Cryopraxis and Silvestre Laboratory, Cryopraxis, BioRio, Pólo de Biotechnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio di Janiero, Brazil
| | | | - Yong-Gu Chung
- Cryopraxis and Silvestre Laboratory, Cryopraxis, BioRio, Pólo de Biotechnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio di Janiero, Brazil
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Office of Research and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Park DH, Eve DJ, Musso J, Klasko SK, Cruz E, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Inflammation and Stem Cell Migration to the Injured Brain in Higher Organisms. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:693-702. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Park
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - David J. Eve
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - James Musso
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Eduardo Cruz
- Cryopraxis, CellPraxis, BioRio, Pólo de Biotecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Neural progenitors, neurons and oligodendrocytes from human umbilical cord blood cells in a serum-free, feeder-free cell culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li S, Sun Z, Lv G, Guo X, Zhang Y, Yu W, Wang W, Ma X. Microencapsulated UCB cells repair hepatic injure by intraperitoneal transplantation. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:1032-40. [DOI: 10.3109/14653240903121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Culture of embryonic-like stem cells from human umbilical cord blood and onward differentiation to neural cells in vitro. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:1046-55. [PMID: 18536651 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This 3-week protocol produces embryonic-like stem cells from human umbilical cord blood (CBEs) for neural differentiation using a three-step system (cell isolation/expansion/differentiation). The CBE isolation produces a highly purified fraction (CD45-, CD33-, CD7-, CD235a-) of small pluripotent stem cells (2-3 microm in diameter) coexpressing embryonic stem cell markers including Oct4 and Sox2. Initial CBE expansion is performed in high density (5-10 millions per ml) in the presence of extracellular matrix proteins and epidermal growth factor. Subsequent neural differentiation of CBEs requires sequential introduction of morphogenes, retinoic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cyclic AMP. Described methods emphasize defined media and reagents at all stages of the experiment comparable to protocols described for culturing human embryonic stem cells and cells from other somatic stem cell sources. Neural progenitor and cells generated from CBEs may be used for in vitro drug testing and cell-based assays and potentially for clinical transplantation.
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Class III beta-tubulin is constitutively coexpressed with glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin in midgestational human fetal astrocytes: implications for phenotypic identity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2008; 67:341-54. [PMID: 18379434 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31816a686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Class III beta-tubulin isotype (betaIII-tubulin) is widely regarded as a neuronal marker in developmental neurobiology and stem cell research. To test the specificity of this marker protein, we determined its expression and distribution in primary cultures of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes isolated from the cerebral hemispheres of 2 human fetuses at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation. Cells were maintained as monolayer cultures for 1 to 21 days without differentiation induction. By immunofluorescence microscopy, coexpression of betaIII-tubulin and GFAP was detected in cells at all time points but in spatially distinct patterns. The numbers of GFAP+ cells gradually decreased from Days 1 to 21 in vitro, whereas betaIII-tubulin immunoreactivity was present in 100% of cells at all time points. beta-III-tubulin mRNA and protein expression were demonstrated in cultured cells by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Glial fibrillary acidic protein+/beta-III-tubulin-positive cells coexpressed nestin and vimentin but lacked neurofilament proteins, CD133, and glutamate-aspartate transporter. Weak cytoplasmic staining was detected with antibodies against microtubule-associated protein 2 isoforms. Confocal microscopy, performed on autopsy brain samples of human fetuses at 16 to 20 gestational weeks, revealed widespread colocalization of GFAP and betaIII-tubulin in cells of the ventricular/subventricular zones and the cortical plate. Our results indicate that in the midgestational human brain, betaIII-tubulin is not neuron specific because it is constitutively expressed in GFAP+/nestin+ presumptive fetal astrocytes.
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