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Bee Pollen and Probiotics May Alter Brain Neuropeptide Levels in a Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060562. [PMID: 35736494 PMCID: PMC9230532 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides play a major role in maintaining normal brain development in children. Dysfunction of some specific neuropeptides can lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in terms of social interaction and repetitive behavior, but the exact underlying etiological mechanisms are still not clear. In this study, we used an animal model of autism to investigate the role of bee pollen and probiotic in maintaining neuropeptide levels in the brain. We measured the Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), Beta-endorphin (β-End), neurotensin (NT), and substance P (SP) in brain homogenates of six studied groups of rats. Group I served as control, given only PBS for 30 days; Group II as an autistic model treated with 250 mg PPA/kg BW/day for 3 days after being given PBS for 27 days. Groups III-VI were denoted as intervention groups. G-III was treated with bee pollen (BP) 250 mg/kg body weight/day; G-IV with Lactobacillus paracaseii (LB) (109 CFU/mL) suspended in PBS; G-V with 0.2 g/kg body weight/day Protexin®, a mixture of probiotics (MPB); and G-VI was transplanted with stool from normal animals (FT) for 27 days prior to the induction of PPA neurotoxicity on the last 3 days of study (days 28–30). The obtained data were analyzed through the use of principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), hierarchical clustering, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as excellent statistical tools in the field of biomarkers. The obtained data revealed that brain levels of the four measured neuropeptides were significantly reduced in PPA-treated animals compared to healthy control animals. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the ameliorative effects of bee pollen as a prebiotic and of the pure or mixed probiotics. This study proves the protective effects of pre and probiotics against the neurotoxic effects of PPA presented as impaired levels of α-MSH, β-End, NT, and SP.
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Freese L, Fraga de Souza M, Schüler Nin M, Calleti G, Flores Peres V, Gomez R, Maria Tannhauser Barros H. Elevated GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and lower estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147144. [PMID: 33038296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models show that cocaine sensitization, a behavioral marker of addiction, is more significant in intact gonadal female than male rats and ovariectomy suppress this behavior in female rats. However, few studies explore changes in neurotransmission related to this phenomenon. Here we investigated the in vivo changes on GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of gonadal intact or ovariectomized female rats after a cocaine challenge administration. Adult female rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), or sham-operated (SHAM) and randomly assigned to control (CTR), acute (ACT), or repeated (RPT) cocaine administration groups. In the challenge day, after eight days of daily cocaine (15 mg/kg) or saline administration and ten days of washout and stereotaxic surgery, RPT and ACT groups received cocaine, and the CTR group received saline. Horizontal locomotion was monitored concomitantly with microdialysate collection to determine extracellular GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels. Hormonal determination in blood samples confirmed the lower hormonal status of the OVX. Cocaine sensitization occurred in SHAM-RPT female rats after the challenge administration. Non-sensitized OVX-RPT rats showed a peak of GABA at 30 min after cocaine administration, with no change on glutamate and taurine levels. Therefore, elevated GABA levels in the mPFC and lower serum estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. We discuss some possible implications of these finding for future models of cocaine sensitization research lighting in the female hormonal influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Fraga de Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Schüler Nin
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacy Program, Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Greice Calleti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Flores Peres
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Gender Related Changes in Gene Expression Induced by Valproic Acid in A Mouse Model of Autism and the Correction by S-adenosyl Methionine. Does It Explain the Gender Differences in Autistic Like Behavior? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215278. [PMID: 31652960 PMCID: PMC6862653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we produced autism like behavioral changes in mice by Valproic acid (VPA) with significant differences between genders. S-adenosine methionine (SAM) prevented the autism like behavior in both genders. The expression of 770 genes of pathways involved in neurophysiology and neuropathology was studied in the prefrontal cortex of 60 days old male and female mice using the NanoString nCounter. In females, VPA induced statistically significant changes in the expression of 146 genes; 71 genes were upregulated and 75 downregulated. In males, VPA changed the expression of only 19 genes, 16 were upregulated and 3 downregulated. Eight genes were similarly changed in both genders. When considering only the genes that were changed by at least 50%, VPA changed the expression of 15 genes in females and 3 in males. Only Nts was similarly downregulated in both genders. SAM normalized the expression of most changed genes in both genders. We presume that genes that are involved in autism like behavior in our model were similarly changed in both genders and corrected by SAM. The behavioral and other differences between genders may be related to genes that were differently affected by VPA in males and females and/or differently affected by SAM.
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Lazarova M, Popatanasov A, Klissurov R, Stoeva S, Pajpanova T, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. Preventive Effect of Two New Neurotensin Analogues on Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:552-560. [PMID: 30374780 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Close functional and anatomical interactions between the neurotensin (NT) and dopamine (DA) systems suggest that NT could be associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, clinical use of NT is limited due to its rapid degradation. This has led to the synthesis of a number of new NT fragment 8-13 [NT(8-13)] analogues, such as NT2 and NT4, to avoid the fast biodegradation of NT. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of NT2 and NT4 on an experimental model of Parkinson's disease in rats induced with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment, producing striatal lesions. Wistar male rats were divided into different groups: a sham-operated (SO) group, a striatal 6-OHDA-lesioned control group, two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats treated for 5 days with NT2 or NT4 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and a NT-treated group as reference. During the first and second week post lesion the animals were subjected to a number of behavioral tests (apomorphine-induced rotations, rotarod, passive avoidance test), and brain tissue was evaluated histologically and also assessed for DA levels. The results showed that both the number of apomorphine-induced rotations and falls (rotarod test) increased in the 6-OHDA group relative to the SO group. At the same time, the 6-OHDA-treated group showed significant memory impairment, based on the to step-through test, compared to the SO group. Treatment with NT2 and NT4 significantly decreased the number of apomorphine-induced rotations and improved the memory of lesioned animals, with these NT analogues demonstrating better neuroprotective and neuromodulatory effects than NT. DA content in the brain of the PD rats treated with NT2 and NT4 increased, possibly due to attenuation of the loss of DA-ergic neurons. NT2 and NT4 were found to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and they showed a better stability than the reference NT neuropeptide. In conclusion, the NT approach represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey Popatanasov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Svetlana Stoeva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Pajpanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria. .,Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Str., 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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Lénárd L, László K, Kertes E, Ollmann T, Péczely L, Kovács A, Kállai V, Zagorácz O, Gálosi R, Karádi Z. Substance P and neurotensin in the limbic system: Their roles in reinforcement and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang H, Dong H, Cilz NI, Kurada L, Hu B, Wada E, Bayliss DA, Porter JE, Lei S. Neurotensinergic Excitation of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells via Gαq-Coupled Inhibition of TASK-3 Channels. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:977-90. [PMID: 25405940 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide and serves as a neuromodulator in the brain. Whereas NT has been implicated in learning and memory, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are ill-defined. Because the dentate gyrus receives profound innervation of fibers containing NT and expresses high density of NT receptors, we examined the effects of NT on the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs). Our results showed that NT concentration dependently increased action potential (AP) firing frequency of the GCs by the activation of NTS1 receptors resulting in the depolarization of the GCs. NT-induced enhancement of AP firing frequency was not caused indirectly by releasing glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, or dopamine, but due to the inhibition of TASK-3 K(+) channels. NT-mediated excitation of the GCs was G protein dependent, but independent of phospholipase C, intracellular Ca(2+) release, and protein kinase C. Immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrates that the activation of NTS1 receptors induced the association of Gαq/11 and TASK-3 channels suggesting a direct coupling of Gαq/11 to TASK-3 channels. Endogenously released NT facilitated the excitability of the GCs contributing to the induction of long-term potentiation at the perforant path-GC synapses. Our results provide a cellular mechanism that helps to explain the roles of NT in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas I Cilz
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Binqi Hu
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Etsuko Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - James E Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Vadnie CA, Park JH, Abdel Gawad N, Ho AMC, Hinton DJ, Choi DS. Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:288. [PMID: 25278825 PMCID: PMC4166902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides synthesized in endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and neurons are traditionally considered regulators of metabolism, energy intake, and appetite. However, recent work has demonstrated that many of these peptides act on corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and, in turn, regulate addictive behaviors. Given that alcohol is a source of energy and an addictive substance, it is not surprising that increasing evidence supports a role for gut-brain peptides specifically in alcohol use disorders (AUD). In this review, we discuss the effects of several gut-brain peptides on alcohol-related behaviors and the potential mechanisms by which these gut-brain peptides may interfere with alcohol-induced changes in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry. This review provides a summary of current knowledge on gut-brain peptides focusing on five peptides: neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, substance P, and neuropeptide Y. Our review will be helpful to develop novel therapeutic targets for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Vadnie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, InJe University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noha Abdel Gawad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ada Man Choi Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
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Naderi A, Asgari AR, Zahed R, Ghanbari A, Samandari R, Jorjani M. Estradiol attenuates spinal cord injury-related central pain by decreasing glutamate levels in thalamic VPL nucleus in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:763-70. [PMID: 24879046 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is a complicated medical problem that involves both the spinal and supraspinal regions of the central nervous system. Estrogen, a neuroprotective agent, has been considered a possible candidate for CNP treatment. In this study, we examined the effects of a single dose of 17β-estradiol on glutamate levels in the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the rat thalamus. Furthermore, we determined whether there was a correlation between glutamate levels and neuropathic pain induced by unilateral electrolytic spinothalamic tract (STT) lesion. STT lesioning was performed in male Wistar rats at the T8-T9 vertebrae; rats were then administered 17β-estradiol (4 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after injury. Glutamate samples were collected using a microdialysis probe and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Mechanical allodynia (MA) and thermal hyperalgesia (TH) thresholds were measured pre-injury and 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury. We found that STT lesion significantly increased glutamate levels in the ipsilateral VPL nucleus 14 and 28 days post-injury; this was accompanied by allodynia and hyperalgesia in the hind paws of the rats. Administering 17β-estradiol to the rats decreased glutamate levels in the ipsilateral VPL nucleus and significantly increased MA and TH thresholds. These results suggest that glutamate in the VPL nucleus of the thalamus is involved in the pathology of neuropathic pain after STT injury; furthermore, 17β-estradiol may attenuate this neuropathic pain by decreasing glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Naderi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Activation of neurotensin receptor 1 facilitates neuronal excitability and spatial learning and memory in the entorhinal cortex: beneficial actions in an Alzheimer's disease model. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7027-42. [PMID: 24828655 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0408-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide distributed in the CNS, including the entorhinal cortex (EC), a structure that is crucial for learning and memory and undergoes the earliest pathological alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whereas NT has been implicated in modulating cognition, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which NT modifies cognitive processes and the potential therapeutic roles of NT in AD have not been determined. Here we examined the effects of NT on neuronal excitability and spatial learning in the EC, which expresses high density of NT receptors. Brief application of NT induced persistent increases in action potential firing frequency, which could last for at least 1 h. NT-induced facilitation of neuronal excitability was mediated by downregulation of TREK-2 K(+) channels and required the functions of NTS1, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Microinjection of NT or NTS1 agonist, PD149163, into the EC increased spatial learning as assessed by the Barnes Maze Test. Activation of NTS1 receptors also induced persistent increases in action potential firing frequency and significantly improved the memory status in APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD. Our study identifies a cellular substrate underlying learning and memory and suggests that NTS1 agonists may exert beneficial actions in an animal model of AD.
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Neurotensin agonist attenuates nicotine potentiation to cocaine sensitization. Behav Sci (Basel) 2014; 4:42-52. [PMID: 25379267 PMCID: PMC4219249 DOI: 10.3390/bs4010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco usage typically precedes illicit drug use in adolescent and young adult populations. Several animal studies suggest nicotine increases the risk for subsequent cocaine abuse, and may be a negative prognostic factor for treatment of cocaine addiction; i.e., a “gateway drug”. Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid neuropeptide that modulates dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in brain reward pathways. NT69L, a NT(8-13) analog, blocks behavioral sensitization (an animal model for psychostimulant addiction) to nicotine, and nicotine self-administration in rats. The present study tested the effect of NT69L on the potentiating effects of nicotine on cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Male Wistar rats were injected daily for seven days with nicotine or saline (control) followed by four daily injections of cocaine. NT69L was administered 30 min prior to the last cocaine injection. Behavior was recorded with the use of activity chambers. Subchronic administration of nicotine enhanced cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in Wistar rats, consistent with an hypothesized gateway effect. These behavioral effects of cocaine were attenuated by pretreatment with NT69L. The effect of the neurotensin agonist on cocaine sensitization in the nicotine treated group indicated a possible therapeutic effect for cocaine addiction, even in the presence of enhanced behavioral sensitization induced by nicotine.
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Zhang Y, Zhu S, Yi L, Liu Y, Cui H. Neurotensin receptor1 antagonist SR48692 reduces proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 389:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Bashir S, AL-Ayadhi L. Role of serum levels of neurotensin in children with autism spectrum disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Fliegel S, Brand I, Spanagel R, Noori HR. Ethanol-induced alterations of amino acids measured by in vivo microdialysis in rats: a meta-analysis. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 25505652 PMCID: PMC4230485 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years in vivo microdialysis has become an important method in research studies investigating the alterations of neurotransmitters in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Based on the major involvement of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mediating a variety of alcohol effects in the mammalian brain, numerous microdialysis studies have focused on the dynamical behavior of these systems in response to alcohol. METHODS Here we performed multiple meta-analyses on published datasets from the rat brain: (i) we studied basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in brain regions that belong to a neurocircuitry involved in neuropsychiatric diseases, especially in alcoholism (Noori et al., Addict Biol 17:827-864, 2012); (ii) we examined the effect of acute ethanol administration on glutamate and GABA levels within this network and (iii) we studied alcohol withdrawal-induced alterations in glutamate and GABA levels within this neurocircuitry. RESULTS For extraction of basal concentrations of these neurotransmitters, datasets of 6932 rats were analyzed and the absolute basal glutamate and GABA levels were estimated for 18 different brain sites. In response to different doses of acute ethanol administration, datasets of 529 rats were analyzed and a non-linear dose response (glutamate and GABA release) relationship was observed in several brain sites. Specifically, glutamate in the nucleus accumbens shows a decreasing logarithmic dose response curve. Finally, regression analysis of 11 published reports employing brain microdialysis experiments in 104 alcohol-dependent rats reveals very consistent augmented extracellular glutamate and GABA levels in various brain sites that correlate with the intensity of the withdrawal response were identified. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results provide standardized basal values for future experimental and in silico studies on neurotransmitter release in the rat brain and may be helpful to understand the effect of ethanol on neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, this study illustrates the benefit of meta-analyses using the generalization of a wide range of preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fliegel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ines Brand
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamid R Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Boules M, Li Z, Smith K, Fredrickson P, Richelson E. Diverse roles of neurotensin agonists in the central nervous system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:36. [PMID: 23526754 PMCID: PMC3605594 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide that is found in the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. NT behaves as a neurotransmitter in the brain and as a hormone in the gut. Additionally, NT acts as a neuromodulator to several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, sertonergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic systems. Due to its association with such a wide variety of neurotransmitters, NT has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, Parkinson's disease (PD), pain, central control of blood pressure, eating disorders, as well as, cancer and inflammation. The present review will focus on the role that NT and its analogs play in schizophrenia, endocrine function, pain, psychostimulant abuse, and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boules
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Mona Boules, Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. e-mail:
| | - Zhimin Li
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kristin Smith
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Paul Fredrickson
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elliott Richelson
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonville, FL, USA
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Noori HR, Fliegel S, Brand I, Spanagel R. The impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in the adult rat brain: A meta-analysis. Synapse 2012; 66:893-901. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ferraro L, Beggiato S, Tomasini MC, Fuxe K, Tanganelli S, Antonelli T. Neurotensin regulates cortical glutamate transmission by modulating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor functional activity: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1618-26. [PMID: 21656844 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vivo microdialysis study was to investigate whether the tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) influences the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated increase of cortical glutamate transmission in freely moving rats. Intracortical perfusion with NT influenced local extracellular glutamate levels in a bell-shaped, concentration-dependent manner. One hundred and three hundred nanomolar NT concentrations increased glutamate levels (151% ± 7% and 124% ± 3% of basal values, respectively). Higher (1,000 nM) and lower (10 nM) NT concentrations did not alter extracellular glutamate levels. The NT receptor antagonist SR48692 (100 nM) prevented the NT (100 nM)-induced increase in glutamate levels. NMDA (100 and 500 μM) perfusion induced a concentration-dependent increase in extracellular glutamate levels, the lower 10 μM NMDA concentration being ineffective. When NT (10 nM, a concentration by itself ineffective) was added in combination with NMDA (100 μM) to the perfusion medium, a significant greater increase in extracellular glutamate levels (169% ± 7%) was observed with respect to the increase induced by NMDA (100 μM) alone (139% ± 4%). SR48692 (100 nM) counteracted the increase in glutamate levels induced by the treatment with NT (10 nM) plus NMDA (100 μM). The enhancement of cortical glutamate levels induced by NMDA (100 and 500 μM) was partially antagonized by the presence of SR48692, at a concentration (100 nM) that by itself was ineffective in modulating glutamate release. These findings indicate that NT plays a relevant role in the regulation of cortical glutamatergic transmission, especially by modulating the functional activity of cortical NMDA receptors. A possible role in glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferraro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section and LTTA Centre, Universityof Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Lin L, Cai Y, Lin R, Yu L, Song C, Gao H, Li X. New integrated in vivo microdialysis-electrochemical device for determination of the neurotransmitter dopamine in rat striatum of freely moving rats. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Ghanizadeh A. Targeting neurotensin as a potential novel approach for the treatment of autism. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:58. [PMID: 20920308 PMCID: PMC2958902 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autism remains obscure. Recently, serum neurotensin levels in children with autistic disorder have been found to be higher than those of normal children. Neurotensin is known to intensify neuronal NMDA-mediated glutamate signaling, which may cause apoptosis in autism. Further, an imbalance of glutamate/GABAergic system in autism has been described. These observations lead to a postulate that neurotensin may accentuate the hyperglutaminergic state in autism, leading to apoptosis. Targeting neurotensin might be a possible novel approach for the treatment of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
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Liu Y, Zhang HY. Mechanisms underlying the roles of nervous and humoral factors in the pathogenesis of gallstones. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2673-2678. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i25.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a common disorder with an incidence rate of about 10%. Recent research has revealed that nervous and humoral factors are involved in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. This article focuses on the mechanisms underlying the roles of parasympathetic nerve, sympathetic nerve, non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerve, cholecystokinin, gastrin, bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, motilin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, substance P, secretin, neurotensin, opioid peptide, nitric oxide, estrogen, thyroxine, and leptin in the pathogenesis of gallstones.
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Lin L, Gao H, Lin D, Gao M, Xiao M, Yang S, Li X. LC-ED with an Acetylene Black–Dihexadecyl Hydrogen Phosphate Composite Film-Modified Electrode for in Vivo Analysis of Thiols in Rat Striatal Microdialysate. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Electrochemical determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine in rat striatum with an acetylene black-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film modified electrode by HPLC coupled with in vivo microdialysis. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Regulation of cortical acetylcholine release: insights from in vivo microdialysis studies. Behav Brain Res 2010; 221:527-36. [PMID: 20170686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine release links the activity of presynaptic neurons with their postsynaptic targets and thus represents the intercellular correlate of cholinergic neurotransmission. Here, we review the regulation and functional significance of acetylcholine release in the mammalian cerebral cortex, with a particular emphasis on information derived from in vivo microdialysis studies over the past three decades. This information is integrated with anatomical and behavioral data to derive conclusions regarding the role of cortical cholinergic transmission in normal behavioral and how its dysregulation may contribute to cognitive correlates of several neuropsychiatric conditions. Some unresolved issues regarding the regulation and significance of cortical acetylcholine release and the promise of new methodology for advancing our knowledge in this area are also briefly discussed.
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Petkova-Kirova P, Rakovska A, Zaekova G, Ballini C, Corte LD, Radomirov R, Vágvölgyi A. Stimulation by neurotensin of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release from rat prefrontal cortex: possible role of NTR1 receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurochem Int 2008; 53:355-61. [PMID: 18835308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of cortical dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions by neurotensin (NT) was studied by measuring the release of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of freely moving rats. The samples were collected via transversal microdialysis. Dopamine and 5-HT levels in the dialysate were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector. Local administration of neurotensin (1microM or 0.1microM) in the PFC via the dialysis probe produced significant, long-lasting, and concentration-dependent increase in the extracellular release of DA and 5-HT. The increase produced by 1microM neurotensin reached a maximum of about 210% for DA and 340% for 5-HT. A high-affinity selective neurotensin receptor (NTR1) antagonist {2-[(1-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-5-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3yl)carbonylamino tricyclo (3.3.1.1.(3.7)) decan-2-carboxylic acid} (SR 48692), perfused locally at a concentration of 0.1microM and 0.5microM in the PFC antagonized the effects of 1microM neurotensin. Our in vivo neurochemical results indicate, for the first time, that neurotensin is able to regulate cortical dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal activity in freely moving rats. These effects are possibly mediated by interactions of neurotensin with neurons releasing DA or 5-HT, projecting to the PFC from the ventrotegmental area (VTA) and from the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), respectively. The potentiating effects of neurotensin on DA and 5-HT release in the PFC are regulated by NTR1 receptors, probably located on dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve terminals or axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Petkova-Kirova
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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